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Chen S, Hong Z, Wen H, Hong B, Lin R, Chen W, Xie Q, Le Q, Yi R, Wu H. Compositional and structural characteristics of pepsin-soluble type I collagen from the scales of red drum fish, Sciaenops ocellatus. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Dasanayaka BP, Li Z, Pramod SN, Chen Y, Khan MU, Lin H. A review on food processing and preparation methods for altering fish allergenicity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1951-1970. [PMID: 33307772 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1848791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
People eat many varieties of food to satiate their hunger. Among them, a few numbers of food cause overreaction of the body's immune system, and fish holds a permanent position on that list. Processing methods, including one treatment or a combination, can have different effects on the allergenic potential of food proteins. An important point to note, however, is that not all of these methods can eliminate the potential for protein allergy. Thus, it is essential to understand the risk involved with the consumption of processed fish and its derivatives. Fish could be prepared in various ways before come to the dining plate. It has shown some of these methods can effectively manipulate the allergenicity owing to the alterations occurred in the protein conformation. This article provides an overview of the impact of fish processing methods (thermal and non-thermal) on the allergenic potential of fish along with possible causative structural modification provokes allergen stability. The article begins with current trends related to fish consumption, proceeds with the prevalence and underlying mechanism of fish allergy. Properties of clinically relevant fish proteins, projected IgE epitopes of PV, cross-reactivity of fish allergens are also addressed in this context to understand and compare the behavioral patterns of PV profiles of different species on processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | | | - Yan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mati Ullah Khan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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3
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Imakiire R, Fujisawa T, Nagao M, Tokuda R, Hattori T, Kainuma K, Kawano Y. Basophil Activation Test Based on CD203c Expression in the Diagnosis of Fish Allergy. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:641-652. [PMID: 32400130 PMCID: PMC7224992 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The basophil activation test (BAT) has been reported to be useful for the diagnosis of various food allergies, such as allergy to peanut, but not to fish. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the BAT for fish allergy. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients with fish allergy who underwent the BAT using a panel of fish extracts (15 kinds) to examine the differential reactivity to several species of fish. The BAT score for each extract was expressed as the ratio of CD203chigh% with the extract to that with anti-IgE antibody. Clinical reactivity to each fish was confirmed by positive oral food challenge or a typical history of fish-induced immediate allergy symptoms. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Results Fifty-one patients with fish allergy were analyzed. Using extracts of 15 species of fish, the BAT was performed a total of 184 times on the patients. Clinical allergy to each species of fish was confirmed in 90 (48.9%) of those tests. ROC analysis yielded high areas under the curve for the BAT scores for the 5 most common fish species (0.72–0.88). The diagnostic accuracy ranged from 0.74 to 0.86. Using a tentative cutoff value of 0.3 deduced from the ROC analyses of the 5 fish species, the accuracy for other fish allergic reactions was generally high (0.6–1.0), except the fish tested in a small number of patients. Conclusions The BAT score based on CD203c expression may be useful for fish allergy diagnosis, especially since a large variety of fish can be tested by the BAT using fish extracts prepared by a simple method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Imakiire
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan.
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Reiko Tokuda
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hattori
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Keigo Kainuma
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
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4
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Seafood allergy: A comprehensive review of fish and shellfish allergens. Mol Immunol 2018; 100:28-57. [PMID: 29858102 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Seafood refers to several distinct groups of edible aquatic animals including fish, crustacean, and mollusc. The two invertebrate groups of crustacean and mollusc are, for culinary reasons, often combined as shellfish but belong to two very different phyla. The evolutionary and taxonomic diversity of the various consumed seafood species poses a challenge in the identification and characterisation of the major and minor allergens critical for reliable diagnostics and therapeutic treatments. Many allergenic proteins are very different between these groups; however, some pan-allergens, including parvalbumin, tropomyosin and arginine kinase, seem to induce immunological and clinical cross-reactivity. This extensive review details the advances in the bio-molecular characterisation of 20 allergenic proteins within the three distinct seafood groups; fish, crustacean and molluscs. Furthermore, the structural and biochemical properties of the major allergens are described to highlight the immunological and subsequent clinical cross-reactivities. A comprehensive list of purified and recombinant allergens is provided, and the applications of component-resolved diagnostics and current therapeutic developments are discussed.
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Mejrhit N, Azdad O, El Kabbaoui M, Ouahidi I, Tazi A, Aarab L. Sensitivity of Moroccans to sardine parvalbumin and effect of heating and enzymatic treatments. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1343804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Najlae Mejrhit
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ouarda Azdad
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Kabbaoui
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ibtissam Ouahidi
- High Institute of Nursing and Technical Health, Ministry of Health, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelali Tazi
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Lotfi Aarab
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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6
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Mejrhit N, Azdad O, Aarab L. Evaluation of the IgE reactivity of common pandora parvalbumin in a Moroccan population and action of heating and enzymatic treatments. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1360256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Najlae Mejrhit
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ouarda Azdad
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Lotfi Aarab
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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Kobayashi Y, Kuriyama T, Nakagawara R, Aihara M, Hamada-Sato N. Allergy to fish collagen: Thermostability of collagen and IgE reactivity of patients' sera with extracts of 11 species of bony and cartilaginous fish. Allergol Int 2016; 65:450-458. [PMID: 27236375 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parvalbumin was identified as a major fish allergen, and has been well investigated. Collagen was identified as a second allergen; however, its allergenic properties remain uncharacterized. Although fish is an important staple in coastal countries, its thermostability is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the thermostability of fish collagen as an allergen. METHODS Meat of seven bony and four cartilaginous fishes was heated at various temperatures and times, and extracts were analyzed using SDS-PAGE, IgE-ELISA, and SPTs. RESULTS Collagen was dissolved from heated meat of Pacific mackerel into a crude extract. Collagen in the extracts was degraded at a high heating load-140 °C (10 min) or 100 °C (320 min). However, ELISA revealed the IgE reactivities of patients' sera with the extracts were unchanged even after heating the samples. Patients strongly reacted to extract proteins of other bony fish, which were detected by patients' IgE even after heating at 100 °C (320 min). In contrast, reactivities of the extracts of cartilaginous fish were lower than those of bony fish. SPTs in one patient revealed that all bony and cartilaginous fish extracts prepared from heated meat elicited allergic reactions. CONCLUSIONS The IgE reactivity of patients' sera to fish collagen in extracts was retained even when fish meat was treated by a high heating load. As for the fish collagen, the IgE reactivities to cartilaginous fish were lower than that to bony fish. Reducing IgE reactivity to fish meat using heat is difficult, and other modalities will be required to produce hypoallergenic fish meat.
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8
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Ebisawa M, Izuhara K. Food allergy: Current perspectives. Allergol Int 2016; 65:361-362. [PMID: 27692283 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Ebisawa
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergology and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
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Kobayashi Y, Huge J, Imamura S, Hamada-Sato N. Study of the cross-reactivity of fish allergens based on a questionnaire and blood testing. Allergol Int 2016; 65:272-9. [PMID: 26875665 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parvalbumin and collagen have been identified as cross-reactive allergens for fish allergies. Although doctors realize that various fish elicit allergies, the targets of food allergen labeling laws were only mackerels and salmons in Japan and mackerels in South Korea. This study aimed to reveal the causative species for fish allergy via questionnaires and blood tests. METHODS Questionnaire research was conducted in Japan via the internet concerning allergies for fish-allergic patients or their family members. Next, IgE reactivities and cross-reactivities of 26 fish species were analyzed using sera obtained from 16 Japanese patients who were allergic to fish parvalbumin or collagen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inhibition ELISA. RESULTS Questionnaire research revealed that 88% patients cannot eat mackerel and salmon in addition to other fish. In addition, 85% respondents were not satisfied with the current food allergen labeling law. In ELISA analyses, we clarified that pooled serum obtained from patients with fish parvalbumin-specific allergies exhibited IgE reactivity to the extracts of most fish species, and pooled serum obtained from patients with fish collagen-specific allergies displayed IgE reactivity to the extracts of all types of fish. Inhibition ELISA experiments revealed cross-reactivities of parvalbumin or collagen to extracts from all fish tested. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with fish allergies displayed allergic symptoms following the intake of various fish species. In addition, fish parvalbumin and collagen were causative factors of fish allergy and were highly cross-reactive fish panallergens. Therefore, current laws should be revised in Japan and South Korea.
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Chen S, Chen H, Xie Q, Hong B, Chen J, Hua F, Bai K, He J, Yi R, Wu H. Rapid isolation of high purity pepsin-soluble type I collagen from scales of red drum fish (Sciaenops ocellatus). Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chikazawa S, Hashimoto T, Kobayashi Y, Satoh T. Fish-collagen allergy: a pitfall of the prick-to-prick test with raw fish. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1330-1. [PMID: 26111301 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Chikazawa
- Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | - T Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Satoh
- Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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12
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Li Z, Luo Y, Jiang M. Effects of Heat Treatment on the Antigenicity and Allergenicity of Grass Carp Muscles. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2013.851758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Walker SL, Camarena MCD, Freeman G. Alternatives to Isinglass for Beer Clarification. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2007.tb00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Shimakura K, Wataya Y, Shiomi K. [Comparative analyses of allergens between landlocked and anadromous species of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2012; 53:8-13. [PMID: 22450663 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.53.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the difference in allergenicity between landlocked and anadromous salmon is little understood, only anadromous salmon are recommended to be labeled in the current allergen labeling system. This study was designed to examine the allergenic potency of landlocked species (yamame) and anadromous species (sakuramasu) of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou, with special reference to parvalbumin, a known major fish allergen. Analysis of the heated extracts by SDS-PAGE suggested that yamame contains parvalbumin in the muscle at considerably higher levels, as compared with sakuramasu. In accordance with this, the parvalbumin content in the muscle of yamame (1.8-7.8 mg/g), determined by visible-light ELISA, was significantly higher than that of sakuramasu (0.28-0.52 mg/g). Furthermore, fluorescence ELISA experiments showed that the heated extract from yamame reacts with serum from fish-allergic patients more strongly than that from sakuramasu. Three parvalbumin isoforms (PA-I, -II and -III) were individually purified from yamame and sakuramasu by gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. Based on the retention times in reverse-phase HPLC and the molecular weights estimated by MALDI/TOF-MS, PA-I, -II and -III from yamame were judged to be identical with PA-I, -II and -III from sakuramasu, respectively. Taken together, our data indicate that landlocked masu salmon (yamame) is more allergenic than anadromous salmon (sakuramasu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyoshi Shimakura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Kanamori M, Tanaka H, Hamada Y, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K. New extraction method suitable for immunoblotting analysis of fish allergens. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Shiomi K. [Current knowledge on molecular features of seafood allergens]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2011; 51:139-52. [PMID: 20827050 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Shiomi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Weber P, Steinhart H, Paschke A. Characterization, antigenicity and detection of fish gelatine and isinglass used as processing aids in wines. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:273-82. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030903030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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SHIOMI K, YOSHIDA S, SAWAGUCHI T, ISHIZAKI S. A Major IgE Epitope of Rainbow Trout Collagen α2 Chain. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2010; 51:153-9. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kuehn A, Hilger C, Hentges F. Anaphylaxis provoked by ingestion of marshmallows containing fish gelatin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:708-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Weber P, Steinhart H, Paschke A. Investigation of the allergenic potential of wines fined with various proteinogenic fining agents by ELISA. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:3127-33. [PMID: 17381115 DOI: 10.1021/jf063436s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hidden allergens are a common problem in food safety that has been known for many years. This is why the European Parliament adopted Directive 2003/89/EC amending 2000/13/EC. In addition to specific ingredients, Directive 2003/89/EC also requests the declaration of specific products that were used in the production and could be a risk for allergic individuals. This also includes the declaration of fining agents and lysozyme used in wines. In fact, it could be assumed that fining agents would be almost completely removed during the manufacturing process; however, until now there has been no necessity to analyze wine for these fining agents. By applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), residuals of fining agent proteins and the stabilizer lysozyme were investigated in various German wines. The results showed no detectable amounts of fining agents in wines, except for dried egg white and lysozyme, both derived from hen's egg white. For those products, adverse reactions against treated wines could not be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Food Chemisry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Kobayashi A, Tanaka H, Hamada Y, Ishizaki S, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K. Comparison of allergenicity and allergens between fish white and dark muscles. Allergy 2006; 61:357-63. [PMID: 16436146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish is one of the most frequent causes of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. Although the fish dark muscle is often ingested with the white muscle, no information about its allergenicity and allergens is available. METHODS Heated extracts were prepared from both white and dark muscles of five species of fish and examined for reactivity with IgE in fish-allergic patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for allergens by immunoblotting. Cloning of cDNAs encoding parvalbumins was performed by rapid amplification cDNA ends. Parvalbumin contents in both white and dark muscles were determined by ELISA using antiserum against mackerel parvalbumin. RESULTS Patient sera were less reactive to the heated extract from the dark muscle than to that from the white muscle. A prominent IgE-reactive protein of 12 kDa, which was detected in both white and dark muscles, was identified as parvalbumin. Molecular cloning experiments revealed that the same parvalbumin molecule is contained in both white and dark muscles of either horse mackerel or Pacific mackerel. Parvalbumin contents were four to eight times lower in the dark muscle than in the white muscle. CONCLUSIONS The fish dark muscle is less allergenic than the white muscle, because the same allergen molecule (parvalbumin) is contained at much lower levels in the dark muscle than in the white muscle. Thus, the dark muscle is less implicated in fish allergy than the white muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kobayashi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Fish and shellfish are important in the American diet and economy. Nearly $27 billion are spent each year in the United States on seafood products. Fish and shellfish are also important causes of food hypersensitivity. In fact, shellfish constitute the number one cause of food allergy in the American adult. During the past decade, much has been learned about allergens in fish and shellfish. The major allergens responsible for cross-reactivity among distinct species of fish and amphibians are parvalbumins. The major shellfish allergen has been identified as tropomyosin. Many new and important potential cross-reacting allergens have been identified within the fish family and between shellfish, arachnids, and insects. Extensive research is currently underway for the development of safer and more effective methods for the diagnosis and management of fish and shellfish hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne G Wild
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-57, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA] related to a notification from Kenney & Ross Ltd. on fish gelatine for different uses in food pursuant to Article 6 paragraph 11 of Directive 2000/13/EC. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA] related to a notification from DSM on fish gelatine for use as a formulation aid (carrier) in vitamin and carotenoid preparations pursuant to Article 6 paragraph 11 of Dir. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA] related to a notification from GME on fish gelatine pursuant to Article 6 paragraph 11 of Directive 2000/13/EC. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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28
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA] related to a notification from Givaudan Schweiz AG on fish gelatine used as carrier for flavour pursuant to Article 6 paragraph 11 of Directive 2000/13/EC. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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29
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Hamada Y, Tanaka H, Sato A, Ishizaki S, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K. Expression and evaluation of IgE-binding capacity of recombinant Pacific mackerel parvalbumin. Allergol Int 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1592.2004.00344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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