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Wong TS, Belaramani KM, Chan CK, Chan WK, Chan WLL, Chang SK, Cheung SN, Cheung KY, Cheung YF, Chong SCJ, Chow CKJ, Chung HYB, Fan SYF, Fok WMJ, Fong KW, Fung THS, Hui KF, Hui TH, Hui J, Ko CH, Kwan MC, Kwok MKA, Kwok SSJ, Lai MS, Lam YO, Lam CW, Lau MC, Law CYE, Lee WC, Lee HCH, Lee CN, Leung KH, Leung KY, Li SH, Ling TKJ, Liu KTT, Lo FM, Lui HT, Luk CO, Luk HM, Ma CK, Ma K, Ma KH, Mew YN, Mo A, Ng SF, Poon WKG, Rodenburg R, Sheng B, Smeitink J, Szeto CLC, Tai SM, Tse CTA, Tsung LYL, Wong HMJ, Wong WYW, Wong KK, Wong SNS, Wong CNV, Wong WSS, Wong CKF, Wu SP, Wu HFJ, Yau MM, Yau KCE, Yeung WL, Yeung HMJ, Yip KKE, Young PHT, Yuan G, Yuen YPL, Yuen CL, Fung CW. Mitochondrial diseases in Hong Kong: prevalence, clinical characteristics and genetic landscape. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:43. [PMID: 36859275 PMCID: PMC9979401 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of mitochondrial diseases (MD) in Hong Kong (HK) and to evaluate the clinical characteristics and genetic landscape of MD patients in the region. METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MD patients from participating public hospitals in HK between January 1985 to October 2020. Molecularly and/or enzymatically confirmed MD cases of any age were recruited via the Clinical Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS) using relevant keywords and/or International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes under the HK Hospital Authority or through the personal recollection of treating clinicians among the investigators. RESULTS A total of 119 MD patients were recruited and analyzed in the study. The point prevalence of MD in HK was 1.02 in 100,000 people (95% confidence interval 0.81-1.28 in 100,000). 110 patients had molecularly proven MD and the other nine were diagnosed by OXPHOS enzymology analysis or mitochondrial DNA depletion analysis with unknown molecular basis. Pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial genome (72 patients) were more prevalent than those in the nuclear genome (38 patients) in our cohort. The most commonly involved organ system at disease onset was the neurological system, in which developmental delay, seizures or epilepsy, and stroke-like episodes were the most frequently reported presentations. The mortality rate in our cohort was 37%. CONCLUSION This study is a territory-wide overview of the clinical and genetic characteristics of MD patients in a Chinese population, providing the first available prevalence rate of MD in Hong Kong. The findings of this study aim to facilitate future in-depth evaluation of MD and lay the foundation to establish a local MD registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Sum Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran M Belaramani
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Kong Chan
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wing-Ki Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Lun Larry Chan
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Shek-Kwan Chang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Sing-Ngai Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka-Yin Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuk-Fai Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuk-Ching Josephine Chong
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Kwan Jasmine Chow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hon-Yin Brian Chung
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Sin-Ying Florence Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Ming Joshua Fok
- Department of Medicine, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka-Wing Fong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsui-Hang Sharon Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Fai Hui
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Hin Hui
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Joannie Hui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hung Ko
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Chung Kwan
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Kwan Anne Kwok
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Sung-Shing Jeffrey Kwok
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Moon-Sing Lai
- Department of Medicine, North District Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yau-On Lam
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yiu Eric Law
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wing-Cheong Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Chih Hencher Lee
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chin-Nam Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kin-Hang Leung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kit-Yan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Siu-Hung Li
- Department of Medicine, North District Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsz-Ki Jacky Ling
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kam-Tim Timothy Liu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Fai-Man Lo
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiu-Tung Lui
- Department of Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ching-On Luk
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Clinical Genetics Service Unit, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Che-Kwan Ma
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Karen Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kam-Hung Ma
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuen-Ni Mew
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Alex Mo
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui-Fun Ng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wing-Kit Grace Poon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard Rodenburg
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medicine Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bun Sheng
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jan Smeitink
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medicine Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheuk-Ling Charing Szeto
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuk-Mui Tai
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Choi-Ting Alan Tse
- Department of Medicine, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Lilian Tsung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ho-Ming June Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wing-Yin Winnie Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Kui Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Suet-Na Sheila Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Nei Virginia Wong
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Shan Sammy Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Kin Felix Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Ping Wu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiu-Fung Jerome Wu
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Mut Yau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kin-Cheong Eric Yau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Lan Yeung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hon-Ming Jonas Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kin-Keung Edwin Yip
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Ruttonjee and Tang Shiu Kin Hospitals, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Pui-Hong Terence Young
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Ruttonjee and Tang Shiu Kin Hospitals, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuet-Ping Liz Yuen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Lap Yuen
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheuk-Wing Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Franco M, Pickett SJ, Fleischmann Z, Khrapko M, Cote-L'Heureux A, Aidlen D, Stein D, Markuzon N, Popadin K, Braverman M, Woods DC, Tilly JL, Turnbull DM, Khrapko K. Dynamics of the most common pathogenic mtDNA variant m.3243A > G demonstrate frequency-dependency in blood and positive selection in the germline. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4075-4086. [PMID: 35849052 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The A-to-G point mutation at position 3243 in the human mitochondrial genome (m.3243A > G) is the most common pathogenic mtDNA variant responsible for disease in humans. It is widely accepted that m.3243A > G levels decrease in blood with age, and an age correction representing ~ 2% annual decline is often applied to account for this change in mutation level. Here we report that recent data indicate that the dynamics of m.3243A > G are more complex and depend on the mutation level in blood in a bi-phasic way. Consequently, the traditional 2% correction, which is adequate 'on average', creates opposite predictive biases at high and low mutation levels. Unbiased age correction is needed to circumvent these drawbacks of the standard model. We propose to eliminate both biases by using an approach where age correction depends on mutation level in a biphasic way to account for the dynamics of m.3243A > G in blood. The utility of this approach was further tested in estimating germline selection of m.3243A > G. The biphasic approach permitted us to uncover patterns consistent with the possibility of positive selection for m.3243A > G. Germline selection of m.3243A > G shows an 'arching' profile by which selection is positive at intermediate mutant fractions and declines at high and low mutant fractions. We conclude that use of this biphasic approach will greatly improve the accuracy of modelling changes in mtDNA mutation frequencies in the germline and in somatic cells during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Franco
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah J Pickett
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University and Newcastle Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Fleischmann
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Khrapko
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Dylan Aidlen
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Stein
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Konstantin Popadin
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Mitochondrial Functional Genomics, Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236040 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Maxim Braverman
- Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dori C Woods
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan L Tilly
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University and Newcastle Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin Khrapko
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Sallevelt SCEH, de Die-Smulders CEM, Hendrickx ATM, Hellebrekers DMEI, de Coo IFM, Alston CL, Knowles C, Taylor RW, McFarland R, Smeets HJM. De novo mtDNA point mutations are common and have a low recurrence risk. J Med Genet 2016; 54:73-83. [PMID: 27450679 PMCID: PMC5502310 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe, disease-causing germline mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutations are maternally inherited or arise de novo. Strategies to prevent transmission are generally available, but depend on recurrence risks, ranging from high/unpredictable for many familial mtDNA point mutations to very low for sporadic, large-scale single mtDNA deletions. Comprehensive data are lacking for de novo mtDNA point mutations, often leading to misconceptions and incorrect counselling regarding recurrence risk and reproductive options. We aim to study the relevance and recurrence risk of apparently de novo mtDNA point mutations. Methods Systematic study of prenatal diagnosis (PND) and recurrence of mtDNA point mutations in families with de novo cases, including new and published data. ‘De novo’ based on the absence of the mutation in multiple (postmitotic) maternal tissues is preferred, but mutations absent in maternal blood only were also included. Results In our series of 105 index patients (33 children and 72 adults) with (likely) pathogenic mtDNA point mutations, the de novo frequency was 24.6%, the majority being paediatric. PND was performed in subsequent pregnancies of mothers of four de novo cases. A fifth mother opted for preimplantation genetic diagnosis because of a coexisting Mendelian genetic disorder. The mtDNA mutation was absent in all four prenatal samples and all 11 oocytes/embryos tested. A literature survey revealed 137 de novo cases, but PND was only performed for 9 (including 1 unpublished) mothers. In one, recurrence occurred in two subsequent pregnancies, presumably due to germline mosaicism. Conclusions De novo mtDNA point mutations are a common cause of mtDNA disease. Recurrence risk is low. This is relevant for genetic counselling, particularly for reproductive options. PND can be offered for reassurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E M de Die-Smulders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra T M Hendrickx
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Irenaeus F M de Coo
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charlotte Knowles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Cardiovascular Diseases in Maastricht, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Wilson IJ, Carling PJ, Alston CL, Floros VI, Pyle A, Hudson G, Sallevelt SCEH, Lamperti C, Carelli V, Bindoff LA, Samuels DC, Wonnapinij P, Zeviani M, Taylor RW, Smeets HJM, Horvath R, Chinnery PF. Mitochondrial DNA sequence characteristics modulate the size of the genetic bottleneck. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1031-41. [PMID: 26740552 PMCID: PMC4754047 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With a combined carrier frequency of 1:200, heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause human disease in ∼1:5000 of the population. Rapid shifts in the level of heteroplasmy seen within a single generation contribute to the wide range in the severity of clinical phenotypes seen in families transmitting mtDNA disease, consistent with a genetic bottleneck during transmission. Although preliminary evidence from human pedigrees points towards a random drift process underlying the shifting heteroplasmy, some reports describe differences in segregation pattern between different mtDNA mutations. However, based on limited observations and with no direct comparisons, it is not clear whether these observations simply reflect pedigree ascertainment and publication bias. To address this issue, we studied 577 mother–child pairs transmitting the m.11778G>A, m.3460G>A, m.8344A>G, m.8993T>G/C and m.3243A>G mtDNA mutations. Our analysis controlled for inter-assay differences, inter-laboratory variation and ascertainment bias. We found no evidence of selection during transmission but show that different mtDNA mutations segregate at different rates in human pedigrees. m.8993T>G/C segregated significantly faster than m.11778G>A, m.8344A>G and m.3243A>G, consistent with a tighter mtDNA genetic bottleneck in m.8993T>G/C pedigrees. Our observations support the existence of different genetic bottlenecks primarily determined by the underlying mtDNA mutation, explaining the different inheritance patterns observed in human pedigrees transmitting pathogenic mtDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillipa J Carling
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vasileios I Floros
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela Pyle
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and
| | - Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research Schools GROW/CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milano, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy, Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David C Samuels
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA and
| | - Passorn Wonnapinij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK, Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milano, Italy
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research Schools GROW/CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rita Horvath
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,
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