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De Logu F, Nassini R, Hegron A, Landini L, Jensen DD, Latorre R, Ding J, Marini M, Souza Monteiro de Araujo D, Ramírez-Garcia P, Whittaker M, Retamal J, Titiz M, Innocenti A, Davis TP, Veldhuis N, Schmidt BL, Bunnett NW, Geppetti P. Schwann cell endosome CGRP signals elicit periorbital mechanical allodynia in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:646. [PMID: 35115501 PMCID: PMC8813987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity modifying protein-1, CLR/RAMP1) implicates peripherally-released CGRP in migraine pain. However, the site and mechanism of CGRP-evoked peripheral pain remain unclear. By cell-selective RAMP1 gene deletion, we reveal that CGRP released from mouse cutaneous trigeminal fibers targets CLR/RAMP1 on surrounding Schwann cells to evoke periorbital mechanical allodynia. CLR/RAMP1 activation in human and mouse Schwann cells generates long-lasting signals from endosomes that evoke cAMP-dependent formation of NO. NO, by gating Schwann cell transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), releases ROS, which in a feed-forward manner sustain allodynia via nociceptor TRPA1. When encapsulated into nanoparticles that release cargo in acidified endosomes, a CLR/RAMP1 antagonist provides superior inhibition of CGRP signaling and allodynia in mice. Our data suggest that the CGRP-mediated neuronal/Schwann cell pathway mediates allodynia associated with neurogenic inflammation, contributing to the algesic action of CGRP in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
- Headache Center, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Alan Hegron
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Lorenzo Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Dane D Jensen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Rocco Latorre
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Julia Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Matilde Marini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | | | - Paulina Ramírez-Garcia
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Whittaker
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffri Retamal
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Mustafa Titiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Alessandro Innocenti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery - Careggi University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy.
- Headache Center, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy.
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Yanagisawa H, Ishii T, Endo K, Kawakami E, Nagao K, Miyashita T, Akiyama K, Watabe K, Komatsu M, Yamamoto D, Eto Y. L-leucine and SPNS1 coordinately ameliorate dysfunction of autophagy in mouse and human Niemann-Pick type C disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15944. [PMID: 29162837 PMCID: PMC5698481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders are characterized by progressive accumulation of undigested macromolecules within the cell due to lysosomal dysfunction. 573C10 is a Schwann cell line derived from a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C disease-1, NPC (−/−). Under serum-starved conditions, NPC (−/−) cells manifested impaired autophagy accompanied by an increase in the amount of p62 and lysosome enlargement. Addition of L-leucine to serum-starved NPC (−/−) cells ameliorated the enlargement of lysosomes and the p62 accumulation. Similar autophagy defects were observed in NPC (−/−) cells even without serum starvation upon the knockdown of Spinster-like 1 (SPNS1), a putative transporter protein thought to function in lysosomal recycling. Conversely, SPNS1 overexpression impeded the enlargement of lysosomes, p62 accumulation and mislocalization of the phosphorylated form of the mechanistic Target of rapamycin in NPC (−/−) cells. In addition, we found a reduction in endogenous SPNS1 expression in fibroblasts derived from NPC-1 patients compared with normal fibroblasts. We propose that SPNS1-dependent L-leucine export across the lysosomal membrane is a key step for triggering autophagy, and that this mechanism is impaired in NPC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yanagisawa
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute for Neurological Disorders, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Kawakami
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Keiko Akiyama
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute for Neurological Disorders, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Division of Neurogenetics, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Eto
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute for Neurological Disorders, Kawasaki, Japan.
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3
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Ishii T, Kawakami E, Endo K, Misawa H, Watabe K. Myelinating cocultures of rodent stem cell line-derived neurons and immortalized Schwann cells. Neuropathology 2017; 37:475-481. [PMID: 28707715 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myelination is one of the most remarkable biological events in the neuron-glia interactions for the development of the mammalian nervous system. To elucidate molecular mechanisms of cell-to-cell interactions in myelin synthesis in vitro, establishment of the myelinating system in cocultures of continuous neuronal and glial cell lines are desirable. In the present study, we performed co-culture experiments using rat neural stem cell-derived neurons or mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived motoneurons with immortalized rat IFRS1 Schwann cells to establish myelinating cultures between these cell lines. Differentiated neurons derived from an adult rat neural stem cell line 1464R or motoneurons derived from a mouse ES cell line NCH4.3, were mixed with IFRS1 Schwann cells, plated, and maintained in serum-free F12 medium with B27 supplement, ascorbic acid, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Myelin formation was demonstrated by electron microscopy at 4 weeks in cocultures of 1464R-derived neurons or NCH4.3-derived motoneurons with IFRS1 Schwann cells. These in vitro coculture systems utilizing the rodent stable stem and Schwann cell lines can be useful in studies of peripheral nerve development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ishii
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Kawakami
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology (Neuropathology), Kyorin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Bell S, Peng H, Crapper L, Kolobova I, Maussion G, Vasuta C, Yerko V, Wong TP, Ernst C. A Rapid Pipeline to Model Rare Neurodevelopmental Disorders with Simultaneous CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:886-896. [PMID: 28170165 PMCID: PMC5442775 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted therapeutics for rare neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) faces significant challenges due to the scarcity of subjects and the difficulty of obtaining human neural cells. Here, we illustrate a rapid, simple protocol by which patient derived cells can be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using an episomal vector and differentiated into neurons. Using this platform enables patient somatic cells to be converted to physiologically active neurons in less than two months with minimal labor. This platform includes a method to combine somatic cell reprogramming with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing at single cell resolution, which enables the concurrent development of clonal knockout or knock‐in models that can be used as isogenic control lines. This platform reduces the logistical barrier for using iPSC technology, allows for the development of appropriate control lines for use in rare neurodevelopmental disease research, and establishes a fundamental component to targeted therapeutics and precision medicine. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:886–896
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Bell
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Huashan Peng
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Liam Crapper
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Ilaria Kolobova
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Gilles Maussion
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Cristina Vasuta
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Volodymyr Yerko
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Departments of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Carl Ernst
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Departments of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
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5
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Murakami T, Sango K, Watabe K, Niimi N, Takaku S, Li Z, Yamamura KI, Sunada Y. Schwann cells contribute to neurodegeneration in transthyretin amyloidosis. J Neurochem 2015; 134:66-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Department of Sensory and Motor Systems (ALS/Neuropathy Project); Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Department of Sensory and Motor Systems (ALS/Neuropathy Project); Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoko Niimi
- Department of Sensory and Motor Systems (ALS/Neuropathy Project); Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shizuka Takaku
- Department of Sensory and Motor Systems (ALS/Neuropathy Project); Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Division of Developmental Genetics; Institute of Resource Development and Analysis; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamamura
- Division of Developmental Genetics; Institute of Resource Development and Analysis; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yoshihide Sunada
- Department of Neurology; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki Japan
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6
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Kobayashi D, Hirayama M, Komohara Y, Mizuguchi S, Wilson Morifuji M, Ihn H, Takeya M, Kuramochi A, Araki N. Translationally controlled tumor protein is a novel biological target for neurofibromatosis type 1-associated tumors. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26314-26326. [PMID: 25092287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.568253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease that predisposes individuals to develop benign neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Due to the lack of information on the molecular mechanism of NF1-associated tumor pathogenesis or biomarkers/therapeutic targets, an effective treatment for NF1 tumors has not been established. In this study, the novel NF1-associated protein, translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), was identified by integrated proteomics and found to be up-regulated via activated MAPK/PI3K-AKT signaling in response to growth factors in NF1-deficient Schwann cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of NF1-associated tumors revealed that the TCTP expression level correlated with tumorigenicity. In NF1-deficient MPNST cells, TCTP protein but not mRNA was down-regulated by NF1 GTPase-activating protein-related domain or MAPK/PI3K inhibitors, and this correlated with suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. mTOR inhibition by rapamycin also down-regulated TCTP protein expression, whereas knockdown or overexpression of TCTP suppressed or activated mTOR signaling, respectively, and affected cell viability. These results suggest that a positive feedback loop between TCTP and mTOR contributes to NF1-associated tumor formation. Last, the anti-tumor effect of artesunate, which binds to and degrades TCTP, was evaluated. Artesunate significantly suppressed the viability of MPNST cells but not normal Schwann cells, and the TCTP level inversely correlated with artesunate sensitivity. Moreover, combinational use of artesunate and rapamycin enhanced the cytotoxic effect on MPNST cells. These findings suggest that TCTP is functionally implicated in the progression of NF1-associated tumors and could serve as a biological target for their therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mio Hirayama
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Souhei Mizuguchi
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | | | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan and
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akira Kuramochi
- Department of Dermatology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Norie Araki
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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Immortalized adult rodent Schwann cells as in vitro models to study diabetic neuropathy. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:374943. [PMID: 21747827 PMCID: PMC3124069 DOI: 10.1155/2011/374943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have established spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell lines from normal adult mice and rats and murine disease models. One of the normal mouse cell lines, IMS32, possesses some biological properties of mature Schwann cells and high proliferative activities. The IMS32 cells under hyperglycemic and/or hyperlipidemic conditions have been utilized to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, especially the polyol pathway hyperactivity, glycation, increased oxidative stress, and reduced synthesis of neurotrophic factors. In addition to the mouse cell lines, our current study focuses on the characterization of a normal rat cell line, IFRS1, under normal and high glucose conditions. These Schwann cell lines can be valuable tools for exploring the detailed mechanisms leading to diabetic neuropathy and novel therapeutic approaches against that condition.
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Sango K, Yanagisawa H, Kawakami E, Takaku S, Ajiki K, Watabe K. Spontaneously immortalized Schwann cells from adult Fischer rat as a valuable tool for exploring neuron-Schwann cell interactions. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:898-908. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
The importance and essential functions of glial cells in the nervous system are now beginning to be understood and appreciated. Glial cell lines have been instrumental in the elucidation of many of these properties. In this Overview, the origin and properties of most of the existing cell lines for the major glial types: oligodendroglia, astroglia, microglia and Schwann cells, are documented. Particular emphasis is given to the culture conditions for each cell line and the degree to which the line can differentiate in vitro and in vivo. The major molecular markers for each glial cell lines are indicated. Finally, methods by which the glial cell lines have been developed are noted and the future directions of glial cell line research are discussed.
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10
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The transthyretin gene is expressed in Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. Brain Res 2010; 1348:222-5. [PMID: 20547140 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is mainly expressed in the liver and choroid plexus of the brain. The majority of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy cases are caused by a mutant TTR gene. The origin of the TTR deposited in the peripheral nervous system is unknown. We studied the expression of TTR in the peripheral nerves of normal mice and transgenics bearing the human mutant TTR in a mouse Ttr-null background. Using RT-PCR, Ttr and TTR mRNA was observed in both dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves. Ttr mRNA was detected in cultured mouse Schwann cells and the immortalized mouse Schwann cell line, IMS32 cells. Human TTR mRNA and protein were detected in cultured Schwann cells derived from the transgenic mice. We conclude that the TTR gene is expressed in the Schwann cells of peripheral nerves.
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11
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Techangamsuwan S, Kreutzer R, Kreutzer M, Imbschweiler I, Rohn K, Wewetzer K, Baumgärtner W. Transfection of adult canine Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells at early and late passage with human TERT differentially affects growth factor responsiveness and in vitro growth. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 176:112-20. [PMID: 18822316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult canine Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are closely related cell types that are considered attractive candidates for translational studies of neural repair. To establish a reliable cell source by comparing the in vitro properties of immortalized Schwann cells and OECs for transplantation purposes, we transfected both cell types with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Ectopic hTERT expression has been shown to induce immortalization of various cell types without substantial alterations of their phenotypes. Schwann cells and OECs were isolated from adult dogs, transfected with hTERT at early (P4) and late passage (P26), characterized regarding in vitro proliferation, antigenic expression and senescence-associated genes in the presence and absence of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Ectopic hTERT expression in late passage glia treated with but not without FGF-2 prevented the decline in proliferation observed in non-transfected cells. Immortalization did not alter p75(NTR) and GFAP but O4 and A2B5 expression. Contrary to this, early passage hTERT transfection significantly reduced proliferation independent of FGF-2 and lowered expression of O4 and GFAP in both cell types. Transfection did not alter mRNA expression of senescence-associated genes such as p53 and p16. No substantial differences were found between Schwann cells and OECs underscoring the close relationship of both cell types. Taken together, we established a stable source of adult canine Schwann cells and OECs and demonstrated that the effects of hTERT expression on in vitro growth and growth factor responsiveness depend on the replicative age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Saavedra JT, Wolterman RA, Baas F, ten Asbroek ALMA. Myelination competent conditionally immortalized mouse Schwann cells. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 174:25-30. [PMID: 18657574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mouse myelin mutants are available to analyze the biology of the peripheral nervous system related to health and disease in vivo. However, robust in vitro biochemical characterizations of players in peripheral nerve processes are still not possible due to the limited growth capacities of Schwann cells. In order to generate cell lines from peripheral nerves that are amenable to experimental manipulation, we have isolated Schwann cells from transgenic mice (H-2Kb-tsA58) carrying the temperature sensitive SV40 large T oncogene under the control of the interferon gamma (IFNgamma) H-2Kb promoter. These cells are immortalized at 33 degrees C when the SV40 large T antigen has a stable conformation. At the non-permissive temperature of 37 degrees C and in the absence of IFNgamma, the growth rate of the cultures reduces and typical Schwann cell markers such as p75(NGFR) become upregulated. The conditionally immortalized Schwann cells allow genetic manipulation as demonstrated here by the generation of a stable eGFP expressing cell line. They regain their characteristic non-immortalized properties at non-permissive temperature and differentiate to myelin-forming cells when seeded on dorsal root ganglia neurons. The Schwann cell lines derived are valuable tools for in vitro studies involving demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José T Saavedra
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Establishment of immortalized Schwann cells from Fabry mice and their low uptake of recombinant alpha-galactosidase. J Hum Genet 2007; 52:1018-1025. [PMID: 17965825 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is one of the important manifestations of Fabry disease. Enzyme replacement therapy with presently available recombinant alpha-galactosidases does not always improve the Fabry neuropathy. But the reason has not been determined yet. We established a Schwann cell line from Fabry mice, characterized it, and then examined the uptake of alpha-galactosidase by cells and its effect on the degradation of accumulated substrate. The cells exhibited a distinct Schwann cell morphology and biochemical phenotype (alpha-Galactosidase activity was deficient, and numerous cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were present in the cells). A recombinant alpha-galactosidase added to the culture medium was incorporated into the cultured Fabry Schwann cells dose dependently. But the increase in cell-associated enzyme activity was less than that in the cases of human and mouse Fabry fibroblasts. The administration of a high dose of the enzyme improved the pathological changes in cells, although a low dose of it did not. Cellular uptake of the enzyme was strongly inhibited in the presence of mannose 6-phosphate. This suggests that the enzyme is incorporated via cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptors in Schwann cells. The low expression of cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptors in Schwann cells must be one of the reasons their uptake of the present enzymes was low. The administration of a high dose of the enzyme or the development of an enzyme containing many mannose 6-phosphate residues is required to improve Fabry neuropathy.
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14
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Saravanan K, Büssow H, Weiler N, Gieselmann V, Franken S. A spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell line to study the molecular aspects of metachromatic leukodystrophy. J Neurosci Methods 2007; 161:223-33. [PMID: 17204333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The arylsulfatase A (ASA)-deficient mouse is a murine model of human metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) caused by a genetic defect in the ASA gene. Deficiency of ASA causes accumulation of cerebroside-3-sulfate (sulfatide) in visceral organs and in the central and peripheral nervous system, which subsequently causes demyelination in these areas. To investigate further the cellular pathomechanism of MLD, we established spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell lines from ASA-deficient mice. Cells showed marked sulfatide storage in the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment. This sulfatide accumulation can be further increased by external treatment with sulfatide using a lipid based transfection reagent as a cargo. The accumulated sulfatide was degraded in response to ASA treatment and first examination revealed that alteration on the molecular level found in ASA-deficient mice can also be observed in the presented cell culture model. Hence, these cells could be a suitable model to study MLD at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karumbayaram Saravanan
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Nussallee 11, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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15
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Sango K, Suzuki T, Yanagisawa H, Takaku S, Hirooka H, Tamura M, Watabe K. High glucose-induced activation of the polyol pathway and changes of gene expression profiles in immortalized adult mouse Schwann cells IMS32. J Neurochem 2006; 98:446-58. [PMID: 16805838 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the polyol pathway activity and the gene expression profiles in immortalized adult mouse Schwann cells (IMS32) under normal (5.6 mM) and high (30 and 56 mM) glucose conditions for 7-14 days in culture. Messenger RNA and the protein expression of aldose reductase (AR) and the intracellular sorbitol and fructose contents were up-regulated in IMS32 under high glucose conditions compared with normal glucose conditions. By employing DNA microarray and subsequent RT-PCR/northern blot analyses, we observed significant up-regulation of the mRNA expressions for serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) and ecotropic viral integration site 3 (Evi3), and the down-regulation of aldehyde reductase (AKR1A4) mRNA expression in the cells under high glucose (30 mM) conditions. The application of an AR inhibitor, SNK-860, to the high glucose medium ameliorated the increased sorbitol and fructose contents and the reduced AKR1A4 mRNA expression, while it had no effect on mRNA expressions for SAA3, ANGPTL4 or Evi3. Considering that the exposure to the high glucose (>or= 30 mM) conditions mimicking hyperglycaemia in vivo accelerated the polyol pathway in IMS32, but not in other previously reported Schwann cells, the culture system of IMS32 under those conditions may provide novel findings about the polyol pathway-related abnormalities in diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sango
- Department of Developmental Morphology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Ito Y, Wiese S, Funk N, Chittka A, Rossoll W, Bömmel H, Watabe K, Wegner M, Sendtner M. Sox10 regulates ciliary neurotrophic factor gene expression in Schwann cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:7871-6. [PMID: 16684879 PMCID: PMC1472537 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602332103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (Cntf) plays an essential role in postnatal maintenance of spinal motoneurons. Whereas the expression of this neurotrophic factor is low during embryonic development, it is highly up-regulated after birth in myelinating Schwann cells of rodents. To characterize the underlying transcriptional mechanisms, we have analyzed and compared the effects of various glial transcription factors. In contrast to Pit-1, Oct-1, Unc-86 homology region (POU) domain class 3, transcription factor 1 (Oct6/SCIP/Tst-1) and paired box gene 3 (Pax3), SRY-box-containing gene 10 (Sox10) induces Cntf expression in Schwann cells. Subsequent promoter analysis using luciferase reporter gene and EMSA identified the corresponding response elements within the Cntf promoter. Overexpression of Sox10 in primary sciatic nerve Schwann cells leads to a >100-fold up-regulation of Cntf protein, and suppression of Sox10 by RNA interference in the spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell line 32 reduces Cntf expression by >80%. Mice with heterozygous inactivation of the Sox10 gene show significantly reduced Cntf protein levels in sciatic nerves, indicating that Sox10 is necessary and sufficient for regulating Cntf expression in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ito
- *Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiese
- *Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Natalja Funk
- *Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chittka
- *Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- *Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Bömmel
- *Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan; and
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Erlangen University, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- *Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany. E-mail:
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17
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Watabe K, Hayashi Y, Kawazoe Y. Peripheral nerve avulsion injuries as experimental models for adult motoneuron degeneration. Neuropathology 2006; 25:371-80. [PMID: 16382788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2005.00609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have used adult rat peripheral nerve avulsion models to evaluate the effects of neuroprotective molecules on motoneuron degeneration. The right facial nerves of adult Fischer 344 male rats were avulsed and adenoviral vectors encoding glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGFbeta2), and growth inhibitory factor (GIF) were injected into the facial canal. The treatment with the vectors significantly prevented the loss of lesioned facial motoneurons, improved choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity and suppressed the induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in these neurons. In separate experiments, animals were orally administered a solution of a neuroprotective compound T-588 after avulsion. Both free oral administration and oral tube administration of T-588 improved the survival of injured motoneurons and ameliorated their ChAT immunoreactivity. These results indicate that the gene transfer of GDNF, BDNF, TGFbeta2, and GIF and oral administration of T-588 may prevent the degeneration of motoneurons in adult humans with motoneuron injury and motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Watabe
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6, Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan.
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18
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Ohsawa M, Kotani M, Tajima Y, Tsuji D, Ishibashi Y, Kuroki A, Itoh K, Watabe K, Sango K, Yamanaka S, Sakuraba H. Establishment of immortalized Schwann cells from Sandhoff mice and corrective effect of recombinant human β-hexosaminidase A on the accumulated GM2 ganglioside. J Hum Genet 2005; 50:460-467. [PMID: 16180049 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-005-0278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have established spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell lines from dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerves of Sandhoff mice. One of the cell lines exhibited genetically and biochemically distinct features of Sandhoff Schwann cells. The enzyme activities toward 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine (beta-hexosaminidases A, B, and S) and 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate (beta-hexosaminidases A and S) were decreased, and GM2 ganglioside accumulated in lysosomes of the cells. Incorporation of recombinant human beta-hexosaminidase isozymes expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells into the cultured Sandhoff Schwann cells via cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptors was found, and the incorporated beta-hexosaminidase A degraded the accumulated GM2 ganglioside. The established Sandhoff Schwann cell line is useful for investigation and development of therapies for Sandhoff disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ohsawa
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kotani
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
| | - Youichi Tajima
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuji
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Resources, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Resources, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Kuroki
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Resources, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kohji Itoh
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Resources, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Department of Developmental Morphology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamanaka
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan.
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19
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Sango K, Tokashiki A, Ajiki K, Horie M, Kawano H, Watabe K, Horie H, Kadoya T. Synthesis, localization and externalization of galectin-1 in mature dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells. Eur J Neurosci 2004; 19:55-64. [PMID: 14750963 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.03102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently confirmed that oxidized galectin-1 is a novel factor enhancing axonal growth in peripheral nerves after axotomy, but the process of extracellular release and oxidization of endogenous galectin-1 in the injured nervous tissue remains unknown. In the present study, we examined the distribution of galectin-1 in adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in vivo and in vitro. By RT-PCR analysis and in situ hybridization histochemistry, galectin-1 mRNA was detected in both DRG neurons and non-neuronal cells. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that galectin-1 was distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm in smaller diameter neurons and Schwann cells in DRG sections. In contrast, the immunoreactivity for galectin-1 was detected in almost all DRG neurons from an early stage in culture (3 h after seeding) and was restricted to the surface and/or extracellular region of neurons and Schwann cells at later stages in culture. In a manner similar to the primary cultured cells, we also observed the surface and extracellular expression of this molecule in immortalized adult mouse Schwann cells (IMS32). Western blot analysis has revealed that both reduced and oxidized forms of galectin-1 were detected in culture media of DRG neurons and IMS32. These findings suggest that galectin-1 is externalized from DRG neurons and Schwann cells upon axonal injury. Some of the molecules in the extracellular milieu may be converted to the oxidized form, which lacks lectin activity but could act on neural tissue as a cytokine.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/ultrastructure
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoplasm/genetics
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/ultrastructure
- Exocytosis/genetics
- Extracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Female
- Galectin 1/biosynthesis
- Galectin 1/genetics
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/growth & development
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Lysosomes/ultrastructure
- Microscopy, Electron
- Nerve Regeneration/genetics
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Neurons, Afferent/ultrastructure
- Peripheral Nerve Injuries
- Peripheral Nerves/metabolism
- Peripheral Nerves/ultrastructure
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Schwann Cells/metabolism
- Schwann Cells/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sango
- Department of Developmental Morphology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan.
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