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Willard-Mack CL, Elmore SA, Hall WC, Harleman J, Kuper CF, Losco P, Rehg JE, Rühl-Fehlert C, Ward JM, Weinstock D, Bradley A, Hosokawa S, Pearse G, Mahler BW, Herbert RA, Keenan CM. Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Hematolymphoid System. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 47:665-783. [PMID: 31526133 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319867053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative changes in rats and mice. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying changes observed in the hematolymphoid organs, including the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, and other lymphoid tissues (serosa-associated lymphoid clusters and tertiary lymphoid structures) with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of the lesions. Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. The nomenclature for these organs is divided into 3 terminologies: descriptive, conventional, and enhanced. Three terms are listed for each diagnosis. The rationale for this approach and guidance for its application to toxicologic pathology are described in detail below.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan A Elmore
- Thymus subgroup lead.,National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Johannes Harleman
- Lymph node subgroup lead.,Neoplasm subgroup leads.,Independent Consultant, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Frieke Kuper
- Associated lymphoid organs subgroup lead.,Independent Consultant, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Losco
- General hematolymphoid subgroup lead.,Independent Consultant, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Jerold E Rehg
- Spleen subgroup leads.,Neoplasm subgroup leads.,Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Jerrold M Ward
- Spleen subgroup leads.,Neoplasm subgroup leads.,Global VetPathology, Montgomery Village, MD, USA
| | | | - Alys Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories, Tranent, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Satoru Hosokawa
- Eisai Co, Ltd, Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Beth W Mahler
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ronald A Herbert
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Hess E, Duheron V, Decossas M, Lézot F, Berdal A, Chea S, Golub R, Bosisio MR, Bridal SL, Choi Y, Yagita H, Mueller CG. RANKL induces organized lymph node growth by stromal cell proliferation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:1245-54. [PMID: 22210913 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RANK and its ligand RANKL play important roles in the development and regulation of the immune system. We show that mice transgenic for Rank in hair follicles display massive postnatal growth of skin-draining lymph nodes. The proportions of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic stromal cells and their organization are maintained, with the exception of an increase in B cell follicles. The hematopoietic cells are not activated and respond to immunization by foreign Ag and adjuvant. We demonstrate that soluble RANKL is overproduced from the transgenic hair follicles and that its neutralization normalizes lymph node size, inclusive area, and numbers of B cell follicles. Reticular fibroblastic and vascular stromal cells, important for secondary lymphoid organ formation and organization, express RANK and undergo hyperproliferation, which is abrogated by RANKL neutralization. In addition, they express higher levels of CXCL13 and CCL19 chemokines, as well as MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1 cell-adhesion molecules. These findings highlight the importance of tissue-derived cues for secondary lymphoid organ homeostasis and identify RANKL as a key molecule for controlling the plasticity of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Hess
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Unité Propre de Recherche 9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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Mulero M, Romeu M, Giralt M, Folch J, Nogués MR, Fortuño A, Sureda FX, Linares V, Cabré M, Paternáin JL, Mallol J. Oxidative stress-related markers and langerhans cells in a hairless rat model exposed to UV radiation. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2006; 69:1371-85. [PMID: 16760142 DOI: 10.1080/15287390500471187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers related to the oxidative stress in blood and epidermis and the number of Langerhans cells were determined in hairless rats after acute irradiation with 1.54, 1.93, or 2.41 J/cm2 of ultraviolet (UV) light and chronic exposure to 13 suberythemal UV doses of 1.1 J/cm2 for 2 mo. After acute UV irradiation, in epidermis, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) content increased at the highest UV dose, whereas the activities of glutathione S-transferase and catalase rose and the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content diminished at all UV doses. In erythrocytes, glutathione S-transferase activity increased at the two lowest UV doses, glutathione peroxidase activity rose at all UV doses, and catalase activity increased after the highest UV dose. In plasma, the TBARS content and the reduced glutathione (GSH)/GSSG ratio increased at the highest UV dose; the number of Langerhans cells decreased at all UV doses. Linear Pearson correlation analysis revealed many relationships between different biomarkers, and multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the number of Langerhans cells was predicted by epidermal GSSG and catalase (R2 = .64) and by erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase and GSSG (R2 = .72). After suberythemal UV radiation, in epidermis, the GST activity and the content of GSH and GSSG increased; in erythrocytes, the GST activity decreased and the GSH/GSSG ratio increased. Thus, the hairless rat appears to be a useful model for studying the oxidative stress-related mechanisms after UV radiation, which are involved in the loss of the immune capacity mediated by Langerhans cells, even at suberythemal doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Mulero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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