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Hickok NJ, Li B, Oral E, Zaat SAJ, Armbruster DA, Atkins GJ, Chen AF, Coraça-Huber DC, Dai T, Greenfield EM, Kasinath R, Libera M, Marques CNH, Moriarty TF, Scott Phillips K, Raghuraman K, Ren D, Rimondini L, Saeed K, Schaer TP, Schwarz EM, Spiegel C, Stoodley P, Truong VK, Tsang STJ, Wildemann B, Zelmer AR, Zinkernagel AS. The 2023 Orthopedic Research Society's international consensus meeting on musculoskeletal infection: Summary from the in vitro section. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:512-517. [PMID: 38146070 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial strategies for musculoskeletal infections are typically first developed with in vitro models. The In Vitro Section of the 2023 Orthopedic Research Society Musculoskeletal Infection international consensus meeting (ICM) probed our state of knowledge of in vitro systems with respect to bacteria and biofilm phenotype, standards, in vitro activity, and the ability to predict in vivo efficacy. A subset of ICM delegates performed systematic reviews on 15 questions and made recommendations and assessment of the level of evidence that were then voted on by 72 ICM delegates. Here, we report recommendations and rationale from the reviews and the results of the internet vote. Only two questions received a ≥90% consensus vote, emphasizing the disparate approaches and lack of established consensus for in vitro modeling and interpretation of results. Comments on knowledge gaps and the need for further research on these critical MSKI questions are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen J Hickok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ebru Oral
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Débora C Coraça-Huber
- Research Laboratory for Implant Associated Infections (Biofilm Lab), University Hospital for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Experimental Orthopaedics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward M Greenfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Matthew Libera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cláudia N H Marques
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | | | - K Scott Phillips
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Division of Biological Standards and Quality Control, Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Kordo Saeed
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester and Basingstoke, UK
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas P Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Spiegel
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department Microbial Infection and Immunity and Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shao-Ting Jerry Tsang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Britt Wildemann
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja R Zelmer
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Svet L, Parijs I, Isphording S, Lories B, Marchal K, Steenackers HP. Competitive interactions facilitate resistance development against antimicrobials. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0115523. [PMID: 37819078 PMCID: PMC10617502 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01155-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While the evolution of antimicrobial resistance is well studied in free-living bacteria, information on resistance development in dense and diverse biofilm communities is largely lacking. Therefore, we explored how the social interactions in a duo-species biofilm composed of the brewery isolates Pseudomonas rhodesiae and Raoultella terrigena influence the adaptation to the broad-spectrum antimicrobial sulfathiazole. Previously, we showed that the competition between these brewery isolates enhances the antimicrobial tolerance of P. rhodesiae. Here, we found that this enhanced tolerance in duo-species biofilms is associated with a strongly increased antimicrobial resistance development in P. rhodesiae. Whereas P. rhodesiae was not able to evolve resistance against sulfathiazole in monospecies conditions, it rapidly evolved resistance in the majority of the duo-species communities. Although the initial presence of R. terrigena was thus required for P. rhodesiae to acquire resistance, the resistance mechanisms did not depend on the presence of R. terrigena. Whole genome sequencing of resistant P. rhodesiae clones showed no clear mutational hot spots. This indicates that the acquired resistance phenotype depends on complex interactions between low-frequency mutations in the genetic background of the strains. We hypothesize that the increased tolerance in duo-species conditions promotes resistance by enhancing the selection of partially resistant mutants and opening up novel evolutionary trajectories that enable such genetic interactions. This hypothesis is reinforced by experimentally excluding potential effects of increased initial population size, enhanced mutation rate, and horizontal gene transfer. Altogether, our observations suggest that the community mode of life and the social interactions therein strongly affect the accessible evolutionary pathways toward antimicrobial resistance.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance is one of the most studied bacterial properties due to its enormous clinical and industrial relevance; however, most research focuses on resistance development of a single species in isolation. In the present study, we showed that resistance evolution of brewery isolates can differ greatly between single- and mixed-species conditions. Specifically, we observed that the development of antimicrobial resistance in certain species can be significantly enhanced in co-culture as compared to the single-species conditions. Overall, the current study emphasizes the need of considering the within bacterial interactions in microbial communities when evaluating antimicrobial treatments and resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Svet
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Parijs
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Isphording
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Data Integration and Biological Networks, UGent, Technologiepark 15, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bram Lories
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Marchal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Data Integration and Biological Networks, UGent, Technologiepark 15, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hans P. Steenackers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Leuven, Belgium
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Armes AC, Walton JL, Buchan A. Quorum Sensing and Antimicrobial Production Orchestrate Biofilm Dynamics in Multispecies Bacterial Communities. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0261522. [PMID: 36255295 PMCID: PMC9769649 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02615-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions are often mediated by diffusible small molecules, including secondary metabolites, that play roles in cell-to-cell signaling and inhibition of competitors. Biofilms are often "hot spots" for high concentrations of bacteria and their secondary metabolites, which make them ideal systems for the study of small-molecule contributions to microbial interactions. Here, we use a five-member synthetic community consisting of Roseobacteraceae representatives to investigate the role of secondary metabolites on microbial biofilm dynamics. One synthetic community member, Rhodobacterales strain Y4I, possesses two acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-based cell-to-cell signaling systems (pgaRI and phaRI) as well as a nonribosomal peptide synthase gene (igi) cluster that encodes the antimicrobial indigoidine. Through serial substitution of Y4I with mutants deficient in single signaling molecule pathways, the contribution of these small-molecule systems could be assessed. As secondary metabolite production is dependent upon central metabolites, the influence of growth substrate (i.e., complex medium versus defined medium with a single carbon substrate) on these dynamics was also considered. Depending on the Y4I mutant genotype included, community dynamics ranged from competitive to cooperative. The observed interactions were mostly competitive in nature. However, the community harboring a Y4I variant that was both impaired in quorum sensing (QS) pathways and unable to produce indigoidine (pgaR variant) shifted toward more cooperative interactions over time. These cooperative interactions were enhanced in the defined growth medium. The results presented provide a framework for deciphering complex, small-molecule-mediated interactions that have broad application to microbial biology. IMPORTANCE Microbial biofilms play critical roles in marine ecosystems and are hot spots for microbial interactions that play a role in the development and function of these communities. Roseobacteraceae are an abundant and active family of marine heterotrophic bacteria forming close associations with phytoplankton and carrying out key transformations in biogeochemical cycles. Group members are aggressive primary colonizers of surfaces, where they set the stage for the development of multispecies biofilm communities. Few studies have examined the impact of secondary metabolites, such as cell-to-cell signaling and antimicrobial production, on marine microbial biofilm community structure. Here, we assessed the impact of secondary metabolites on microbial interactions using a synthetic, five-member Roseobacteraceae community by measuring species composition and biomass production during biofilm growth. We present evidence that secondary metabolites influence social behaviors within these multispecies microbial biofilms, thereby improving understanding of bacterial secondary metabolite production influence on social behaviors within marine microbial biofilm communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C. Armes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jillian L. Walton
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alison Buchan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Basiry D, Entezari Heravi N, Uluseker C, Kaster KM, Kommedal R, Pala-Ozkok I. The effect of disinfectants and antiseptics on co- and cross-selection of resistance to antibiotics in aquatic environments and wastewater treatment plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1050558. [PMID: 36583052 PMCID: PMC9793094 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to increased use of disinfectants and antiseptics (DAs), resulting in higher concentrations of these compounds in wastewaters, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and receiving water bodies. Their constant presence in water bodies may lead to development and acquisition of resistance against the DAs. In addition, they may also promote antibiotic resistance (AR) due to cross- and co-selection of AR among bacteria that are exposed to the DAs, which is a highly important issue with regards to human and environmental health. This review addresses this issue and provides an overview of DAs structure together with their modes of action against microorganisms. Relevant examples of the most effective treatment techniques to increase the DAs removal efficiency from wastewater are discussed. Moreover, insight on the resistance mechanisms to DAs and the mechanism of DAs enhancement of cross- and co-selection of ARs are presented. Furthermore, this review discusses the impact of DAs on resistance against antibiotics, the occurrence of DAs in aquatic systems, and DA removal mechanisms in WWTPs, which in principle serve as the final barrier before releasing these compounds into the receiving environment. By recognition of important research gaps, research needs to determine the impact of the majority of DAs in WWTPs and the consequences of their presence and spread of antibiotic resistance were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Basiry
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Nooshin Entezari Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Cansu Uluseker
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Krista Michelle Kaster
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roald Kommedal
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ilke Pala-Ozkok
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Sun M, Xiao K, Zhu Y, Ou B, Yu W, Liang S, Hou H, Yuan S, Gan F, Mi R, Yang J. Deciphering the role of microplastic size on anaerobic sludge digestion: Changes of dissolved organic matter, leaching compounds and microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114032. [PMID: 35952741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here the role of microplastic size on dissolved organic matter, leaching compounds and microbial community during anaerobic sludge digestion was evaluated. Compared to that without the addition of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), during the 30 days' incubation, the anaerobic sludge digestion by adding PVC at the size of 75 μm and the concentration of 2.4 g/g volatile solids (VS) showed a 8.5% lower cumulative methane production, while a 17.9% higher cumulative methane production was noted by adding PVC at the size of 3000 μm and the concentration of 2.4 g/g VS. A long-term fed-batch laboratory-scale fermenter test for 147 days further testified, that higher removal efficiencies of total solids, volatile solids, and total chemical oxygen demand, and higher methane production were noted by adding PVC (2.4 g/g VS, 3000 μm) into the fermenter. More interestingly, higher concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, volatile fatty acids, and soluble microbial by-products component were noted in the liquid phase of sludge drawn from the fermenter added with PVC since the biomass therein showed higher efficiencies of solubilization, hydrolysis, acidification, and methanogenesis. Moreover, as identified from the fermenter added with PVC, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was the most predominant leaching phthalates compound, although the biomass therein showed a 93.4% anaerobic biodegradability of DBP. The leaching of DBP drove the predominance of microbial community towards Synergistota and Methanosaeta. More irregular elliptical shallow dimples were noted on the PVC surface after 147 days' incubation, accompanied with abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium. The results from this study showed that the size of microplastic was a crucial factor in evaluating its impact on anaerobic sludge digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bei Ou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Shushan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Fangmao Gan
- Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co. Ltd., 96 Xudong Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Rongxi Mi
- Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co. Ltd., 96 Xudong Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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Fokt H, Cleto S, Oliveira H, Araújo D, Castro J, Cerca N, Vieira MJ, Almeida C. Bacteriocin Production by Escherichia coli during Biofilm Development. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172652. [PMID: 36076837 PMCID: PMC9455227 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a highly versatile bacterium ranging from commensal to intestinal pathogen, and is an important foodborne pathogen. E. coli species are able to prosper in multispecies biofilms and secrete bacteriocins that are only toxic to species/strains closely related to the producer strain. In this study, 20 distinct E. coli strains were characterized for several properties that confer competitive advantages against closer microorganisms by assessing the biofilm-forming capacity, the production of antimicrobial molecules, and the production of siderophores. Furthermore, primer sets for E. coli bacteriocins–colicins were designed and genes were amplified, allowing us to observe that colicins were widely distributed among the pathogenic E. coli strains. Their production in the planktonic phase or single-species biofilms was uncommon. Only two E. coli strains out of nine biofilm-forming were able to inhibit the growth of other E. coli strains. There is evidence of larger amounts of colicin being produced in the late stages of E. coli biofilm growth. The decrease in bacterial biomass after 12 h of incubation indicates active type I colicin production, whose release normally requires E. coli cell lysis. Almost all E. coli strains were siderophore-producing, which may be related to the resistance to colicin as these two molecules may use the same transporter system. Moreover, E. coli CECT 504 was able to coexist with Salmonella enterica in dual-species biofilms, but Shigella dysenteriae was selectively excluded, correlating with high expression levels of colicin (E, B, and M) genes observed by real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fokt
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Cleto
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniela Araújo
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria João Vieira
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-252-660-600
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Mahto KU, Kumari S, Das S. Unraveling the complex regulatory networks in biofilm formation in bacteria and relevance of biofilms in environmental remediation. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 57:305-332. [PMID: 34937434 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.2015747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are assemblages of bacteria embedded within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) attached to a substratum. The process of biofilm formation is a complex phenomenon regulated by the intracellular and intercellular signaling systems. Various secondary messenger molecules such as cyclic dimeric guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (c-di-GMP), cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), and cyclic dimeric adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (c-di-AMP) are involved in complex signaling networks to regulate biofilm development in several bacteria. Moreover, the cell to cell communication system known as Quorum Sensing (QS) also regulates biofilm formation via diverse mechanisms in various bacterial species. Bacteria often switch to the biofilm lifestyle in the presence of toxic pollutants to improve their survivability. Bacteria within a biofilm possess several advantages with regard to the degradation of harmful pollutants, such as increased protection within the biofilm to resist the toxic pollutants, synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that helps in the sequestration of pollutants, elevated catabolic gene expression within the biofilm microenvironment, higher cell density possessing a large pool of genetic resources, adhesion ability to a wide range of substrata, and metabolic heterogeneity. Therefore, a comprehensive account of the various factors regulating biofilm development would provide valuable insights to modulate biofilm formation for improved bioremediation practices. This review summarizes the complex regulatory networks that influence biofilm development in bacteria, with a major focus on the applications of bacterial biofilms for environmental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Uma Mahto
- Department of Life Science, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), National Institute of Technology, Odisha, India
| | - Swetambari Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), National Institute of Technology, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Department of Life Science, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), National Institute of Technology, Odisha, India
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8
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Mgomi FC, Yuan L, Chen CW, Zhang YS, Yang ZQ. Bacteriophages: A weapon against mixed-species biofilms in the food processing environment. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 133:2107-2121. [PMID: 34932868 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-species biofilms represent the most frequent actual lifestyles of microorganisms in food processing environments, and they are usually more resistant to control methods than single-species biofilms. The persistence of biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens is believed to cause serious human diseases. These challenges have encouraged researchers to search for novel, natural methods that are more effective towards mixed-species biofilms. Recently, the use of bacteriophages to control mixed-species biofilms have grown significantly in the food industry as an alternative to conventional methods. This review highlights a comprehensive introduction of mixed-species biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens and their enhanced resistance to anti-biofilm removal strategies. Additionally, several methods for controlling mixed-species biofilms briefly focused on applying bacteriophages in the food industry have also been discussed. This article concludes by suggesting that using bacteriophage, combined with other 'green' methods, could effectively control mixed-species biofilms in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedrick C Mgomi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Cao-Wei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Yuan-Song Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
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9
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The Antimicrobial Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract versus Chlorhexidine in High Caries Risk Individuals Using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Randomized Triple-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5563945. [PMID: 34512759 PMCID: PMC8424245 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial effectiveness of chlorhexidine and PPE oral rinse on S. mutans, Lactobacilli, and Veillonella, in clinical salivary samples of patients with advanced stages of dental caries at baseline and two and four weeks with PCR technique. This triple-blind randomized clinical trial involved 60 high caries risk adult patients, 19–59 years of age, randomly allocated into two groups of 30 subjects each. The intervention group received pomegranate peel extract mouthwash, whereas the control group received chlorhexidine mouthwash. Unstimulated pooled saliva was collected from the floor of the mouth before and after the intervention. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to analyze the bacterial copies of each salivary sample at baseline and two and four weeks. The significance level was fixed at 5% (α = 0.05). Overall comparison of antimicrobial effectiveness across both groups revealed insignificant outcomes. The control group evinced a significant reduction in S. mutans between a specific time, i.e., baseline and 4 weeks (p=0.043). PPE oral rinse as a natural product or ecological alternative was effective in disrupting activity across all microorganisms tested in this triple-blind RCT; however, the nutraceutical, when compared to chlorhexidine, was not as effective against S. mutans.
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Carrascosa C, Martínez R, Sanjuán E, Millán R, Del Rosario-Quintana C, Acosta F, García A, Jaber JR. Identification of the Pseudomonas fluorescens group as being responsible for blue pigment on fresh cheese. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6548-6558. [PMID: 33838893 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
New cases of blue cheese discoloration has led to recent research to identify the causal agent and factors that favor blue pigment appearing. Nonetheless, very few reports have described the source of contamination and the measurements to eradicate the microbiological source on cheese farms by determining the relation between blue discoloration on fresh cheese and the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. Thus, 60 samples from a cheese farm (cheese, equipment surfaces, tap water, and raw and pasteurized milk) were analyzed by phenotypical, MALDI-TOF, 16S rRNA sequencing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis tests to determine the causal agent. The results obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with restriction enzymes XbaI and SpeI confirmed tap water as the initial contaminated source. The above-mentioned result was essential to avoid Pseudomonas contamination due to the most residual microorganisms being inactivated through a new disinfection program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado Carrascosa
- Food Hygiene Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Bromatology, and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Remigio Martínez
- Red de Grupos de Investigación en Recursos Faunísticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Ganadera y Cinegética (INBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Esther Sanjuán
- Food Hygiene Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Bromatology, and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Rafael Millán
- Food Hygiene Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Bromatology, and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Del Rosario-Quintana
- Microbiology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Materno-Insular de Gran Canaria, Canary Health Service, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Félix Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación de Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto EcoAqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alfredo García
- Department of Animal Production, CICYTEX-La Orden, 06187 Junta de Extremadura, Spain
| | - José R Jaber
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain
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11
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Tong C, Hu H, Chen G, Li Z, Li A, Zhang J. Disinfectant resistance in bacteria: Mechanisms, spread, and resolution strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110897. [PMID: 33617866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Disinfectants are widely acknowledged for removing microorganisms from the surface of the objects and transmission media. However, the emergence of disinfectant resistance has become a severe threat to the safety of life and health and the rational allocation of resources due to the reduced disinfectant effectiveness. The horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of disinfectant resistance genes has also expanded the resistant flora, making the situation worse. This review focused on the resistance mechanisms of disinfectant resistant bacteria on biofilms, cell membrane permeability, efflux pumps, degradable enzymes, and disinfectant targets. Efflux can be the fastest and most effective resistance mechanism for bacteria to respond to stress. The qac genes, located on some plasmids which can transmit resistance through conjugative transfer, are the most commonly reported in the study of disinfectant resistance genes. Whether the qac genes can be transferred through transformation or transduction is still unclear. Studying the factors affecting the resistance of bacteria to disinfectants can find breakthrough methods to more adequately deal with the problem of reduced disinfectant effectiveness. It has been confirmed that the interaction of probiotics and bacteria or the addition of 4-oxazolidinone can inhibit the formation of biofilms. Chemicals such as eugenol and indole derivatives can increase bacterial sensitivity by reducing the expression of efflux pumps. The role of these findings in anti-disinfectant resistance has proved invaluable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Tong
- Collage of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Hong Hu
- Collage of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhengyan Li
- Collage of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Aifeng Li
- Collage of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Jianye Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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12
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Sadiq FA, Burmølle M, Heyndrickx M, Flint S, Lu W, Chen W, Zhao J, Zhang H. Community-wide changes reflecting bacterial interspecific interactions in multispecies biofilms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:338-358. [PMID: 33651958 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1887079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Existence of most bacterial species, in natural, industrial, and clinical settings in the form of surface-adhered communities or biofilms has been well acknowledged for decades. Research predominantly focusses on single-species biofilms as these are relatively easy to study. However, microbiologists are now interested in studying multispecies biofilms and revealing interspecific interactions in these communities because of the existence of a plethora of different bacterial species together in almost all natural settings. Multispecies biofilms-led emergent properties are triggered by bacterial social interactions which have huge implication for research and practical knowledge useful for the control and manipulation of these microbial communities. Here, we discuss some important bacterial interactions that take place in multispecies biofilm communities and provide insights into community-wide changes that indicate bacterial interactions and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology & Food Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Steve Flint
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Soil Pollution from Micro- and Nanoplastic Debris: A Hidden and Unknown Biohazard. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The fate, properties and determination of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in soil are poorly known. In fact, most of the 300 million tons of plastics produced each year ends up in the environment and the soil acts as a log-term sink for these plastic debris. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss MP and NP pollution in soil as well as highlighting the knowledge gaps that are mainly related to the complexity of the soil ecosystem. The fate of MPs and NPs in soil is strongly determined by physical properties of plastics, whereas negligible effect is exerted by their chemical structures. The degradative processes of plastic, termed ageing, besides generating micro-and nano-size debris, can induce marked changes in their chemical and physical properties with relevant effects on their reactivity. Further, these processes could cause the release of toxic oligomeric and monomeric constituents from plastics, as well as toxic additives, which may enter in the food chain, representing a possible hazard to human health and potentially affecting the fauna and flora in the environment. In relation to their persistence in soil, the list of soil-inhabiting, plastic-eating bacteria, fungi and insect is increasing daily. One of the main ecological functions attributable to MPs is related to their function as vectors for microorganisms through the soil. However, the main ecological effect of NPs (limited to the fraction size < than 50 nm) is their capacity to pass through the membrane of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Soil biota, particularly earthworms and collembola, can be both MPs and NPs carriers through soil profile. The use of molecular techniques, especially omics approaches, can gain insights into the effects of MPs and NPs on composition and activity of microbial communities inhabiting the soil and into those living on MPs surface and in the gut of the soil plastic-ingesting fauna.
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14
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Fagerlund A, Heir E, Møretrø T, Langsrud S. Listeria Monocytogenes Biofilm Removal Using Different Commercial Cleaning Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:E792. [PMID: 32059494 PMCID: PMC7070633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective cleaning and disinfection (C&D) is pivotal for the control of Listeria monocytogenes in food processing environments. Bacteria in biofilms are protected from biocidal action, and effective strategies for the prevention and removal of biofilms are needed. In this study, different C&D biofilm control strategies on pre-formed L. monocytogenes biofilms on a conveyor belt material were evaluated and compared to the effect of a conventional chlorinated, alkaline cleaner (agent A). Bacterial reductions up to 1.8 log were obtained in biofilms exposed to daily C&D cycles with normal user concentrations of alkaline, acidic, or enzymatic cleaning agents, followed by disinfection using peracetic acid. No significant differences in bactericidal effects between the treatments were observed. Seven-day-old biofilms were more tolerant to C&D than four-day-old biofilms. Attempts to optimize biofilm eradication protocols for four alkaline, two acidic, and one enzymatic cleaning agent, in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations, were evaluated. Increased concentrations, the number of subsequent treatments, the exposure times, and the temperatures of the C&D agents provided between 4.0 and >5.5 log reductions in colony forming units (CFU) for seven-day-old L. monocytogenes biofilms. Enhanced protocols of conventional and enzymatic C&D protocols have the potential for improved biofilm control, although further optimizations and evaluations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433 Ås, Norway; (A.F.); (E.H.); (T.M.)
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15
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Lu L, Wang B, Zhang Y, Xia L, An D, Li H. Identification and nitrogen removal characteristics of Thauera sp. FDN-01 and application in sequencing batch biofilm reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:61-69. [PMID: 31284195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A strain FDN-01 was isolated from the sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) which was seeded with wasted activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Shanghai. Bacterium FDN-01 was identified as Thauera sp., and Genbank Sequence_ID was KY393097. By comparing inorganic total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency by strain FDN-01 under different conditions, the optimal initial pH, carbon source and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen were 7.5, sodium succinate and 4.0, respectively. Inorganic TN removal efficiency was 93% within 3 d while the concentration of nitrate was 100 mg/L, and the type of substrates affected extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and the ratio of protein to polysaccharide in the EPS. Further investigation for the application of strain FDN-01 in the SBBRs showed that anoxic ammonia oxidation occurred at room temperature, and the removal efficiencies of inorganic TN were noticeably enhanced by the augmentation of bacterium FDN-01 back into the SBBR. This study provided a promising method of TN removal requiring less carbon source in the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Boji Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lijun Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dong An
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hongjing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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16
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Plakunov VK, Nikolaev YA, Gannesen AV, Chemaeva DS, Zhurina MV. A New Approach to Detection of the Protective Effect of Escherichia coli on Gram-Positive Bacteria in Binary Biofilms in the Presence of Antibiotics. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719030093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Gordon V, Bakhtiari L, Kovach K. From molecules to multispecies ecosystems: the roles of structure in bacterial biofilms. Phys Biol 2019; 16:041001. [PMID: 30913545 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of sessile microbes that are bound to each other by a matrix made of biopolymers and proteins. Spatial structure is present in biofilms on many lengthscales. These range from the nanometer scale of molecular motifs to the hundred-micron scale of multicellular aggregates. Spatial structure is a physical property that impacts the biology of biofilms in many ways. The molecular structure of matrix components controls their interaction with each other (thereby impacting biofilm mechanics) and with diffusing molecules such as antibiotics and immune factors (thereby impacting antibiotic tolerance and evasion of the immune system). The size and structure of multicellular aggregates, combined with microbial consumption of growth substrate, give rise to differentiated microenvironments with different patterns of metabolism and gene expression. Spatial association of more than one species can benefit one or both species, while distances between species can both determine and result from the transport of diffusible factors between species. Thus, a widespread theme in the biological importance of spatial structure in biofilms is the effect of structure on transport. We survey what is known about this and other effects of spatial structure in biofilms, from molecules up to multispecies ecosystems. We conclude with an overview of what experimental approaches have been developed to control spatial structure in biofilms and how these and other experiments can be complemented with computational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernita Gordon
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, United States of America. Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, United States of America. Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, United States of America. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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18
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Degradation of chlorotoluenes and chlorobenzenes by the dual-species biofilm of Comamonas testosteroni strain KT5 and Bacillus subtilis strain DKT. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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19
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Abstract
Biofilms are surface-attached microbial communities with distinct properties, which have a tremendous impact on public health and food safety. In the meat industry, biofilms remain a serious concern because many foodborne pathogens can form biofilms in areas at meat plants that are difficult to sanitize properly, and biofilm cells are more tolerant to sanitization than their planktonic counterparts. Furthermore, nearly all biofilms in commercial environments consist of multiple species of microorganisms, and the complex interactions within the community significantly influence the architecture, activity, and sanitizer tolerance of the biofilm society. This review focuses on the effect of microbial coexistence on mixed biofilm formation with foodborne pathogens of major concern in the fresh meat industry and their resultant sanitizer tolerance. The factors that would affect biofilm cell transfer from contact surfaces to meat products, one of the most common transmission routes that could lead to product contamination, are discussed as well. Available results from recent studies relevant to the meat industry, implying the potential role of bacterial persistence and biofilm formation in meat contamination, are reviewed in response to the pressing need to understand the mechanisms that cause "high event period" contamination at commercial meat processing plants. A better understanding of these events would help the industry to enhance strategies to prevent contamination and improve meat safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
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20
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Feng LJ, Wang JJ, Liu SC, Sun XD, Yuan XZ, Wang SG. Role of extracellular polymeric substances in the acute inhibition of activated sludge by polystyrene nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:859-865. [PMID: 29627756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic systems have become a global concern because of their persistence and adverse consequences to ecosystems and potentially human health. Though wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered a potential source of microplastics in the environment, the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge on the fate of nanoplastics is not clear. In this study, the role of EPS in the influence of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) on the endogenous respiration of activated sludge was investigated for the first time. The results showed that the acute inhibition of activated sludge by PS-NPs was enhanced with increasing PS-NPs concentration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that the functional groups involved in the interactions between PS-NPs and EPS were carbonyl and amide groups and the side chains of lipids or amino acids. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results show that the protein secondary structures in EPS were changed by PS-NPs and lead to the bioflocculation of activated sludge, which provides a better understanding on the fate of nanoplastics in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, PR China
| | - Shu-Chang Liu
- College of Science and Engineering, Yantai Academy of China Agricultural University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264670, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, PR China
| | - Xian-Zheng Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, PR China.
| | - Shu-Guang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, PR China
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21
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Parijs I, Steenackers HP. Competitive inter-species interactions underlie the increased antimicrobial tolerance in multispecies brewery biofilms. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2061-2075. [PMID: 29858577 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity often enhances the tolerance of microbial communities against antimicrobial treatment. However the sociobiology underlying this antimicrobial tolerance remains largely unexplored. Here we analyze how inter-species interactions can increase antimicrobial tolerance. We apply our approach to 17 industrially relevant multispecies biofilm models, based on species isolated from 58 contaminating biofilms in three breweries. Sulfathiazole was used as antimicrobial agent because it showed the highest activity out of 22 biofilm inhibitors tested. Our analysis reveals that competitive interactions dominate among species within brewery biofilms. We show that antimicrobial treatment can reduce the level of competition and therefore cause a subset of species to bloom. The result is a 1.2-42.7-fold lower percentage inhibition of these species and increased overall tolerance. In addition, we show that the presence of Raoultella can also directly enhance the inherent tolerance of Pseudomonas to antimicrobial treatment, either because the species protect each other or because they induce specific tolerance phenotypes as a response to competitors. Overall, our study emphasizes that the dominance of competitive interactions is central to the enhanced antimicrobial tolerance of the multispecies biofilms, and that the activity of antimicrobials against multispecies biofilms cannot be predicted based on their effect against monocultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Parijs
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 - box 2460, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans P Steenackers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 - box 2460, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Iñiguez-Moreno M, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M, Guerrero-Medina PJ, Avila-Novoa MG. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. under mono and dual-species conditions and their sensitivity to cetrimonium bromide, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:310-319. [PMID: 29100930 PMCID: PMC5913829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluated the biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus 4E and Salmonella spp. under mono and dual-species biofilms, onto stainless steel 316 (SS) and polypropylene B (PP), and their sensitivity to cetrimonium bromide, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. The biofilms were developed by immersion of the surfaces in TSB by 10 d at 37°C. The results showed that in monospecies biofilms the type of surface not affected the cellular density (p>0.05). However, in dual-species biofilms on PP the adhesion of Salmonella spp. was favored, 7.61±0.13Log10CFU/cm2, compared with monospecies biofilms onto the same surface, 5.91±0.44Log10CFU/cm2 (p<0.05). The mono and dual-species biofilms were subjected to disinfection treatments; and the most effective disinfectant was peracetic acid (3500ppm), reducing by more than 5Log10CFU/cm2, while the least effective was cetrimonium bromide. In addition, S. aureus 4E and Salmonella spp. were more resistant to the disinfectants in mono than in dual-species biofilms (p<0.05). Therefore, the interspecies interactions between S. aureus 4E and Salmonella spp. had a negative effect on the antimicrobial resistance of each microorganism, compared with the monospecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Iñiguez-Moreno
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Javier Guerrero-Medina
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico.
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23
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Andreeva SV, Bakhareva L, Nokhrin D, Titova M, Khaidarshina N, Burmistrova A. Susceptibility to antiseptic preparations in biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds. CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2018.3.249-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The article presents data on susceptibility to antiseptic preparations in antibiotic-resistant S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn wounds, which were tested in single-species and double-species biofilms with varying degrees (24-hour and 48-hour) of maturity. The studies demonstrated susceptibility of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in single- and double-species biofilms to “Prontosan”, “Betadine” and “Chlorophyllipt” and resistance to “Miramistin” and “Chlorhexidine”. The bactericidal effect was achieved at concentrations 1.64 times higher than bacteriostatic concentrations for all the antiseptics tested. A double increase in antiseptic resistance level was observed over biofilm maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L.I. Bakhareva
- Chelyabinsk State University; City Clinical Hospital (Chelyabinsk, Russia)
| | | | - M.V. Titova
- Chelyabinsk State University (Chelyabinsk, Russia)
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24
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Sadiq FA, Flint S, Li Y, Ou K, Yuan L, He GQ. Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity within biofilms with particular emphasis on persistence and antimicrobial tolerance. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:1087-1107. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic changes or phase variation within biofilms is an important feature of bacterial dormant life. Enhanced resistance to antimicrobials is one of the distinct features displayed by a fraction of cells within biofilms. It is believed that persisters are mainly responsible for this phenotypic heterogeneity. However, there is still an unresolved debate on the formation of persisters. In this short review, we highlight all known genomic and proteomic changes encountered by bacterial cells within biofilms. We have also described all phenotypic changes displayed by bacterial cells within biofilms with particular emphasis on enhanced antimicrobial tolerance of biofilms with particular reference to persisters. In addition, all currently known models of persistence have been succinctly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan A Sadiq
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Steve Flint
- School of Food & Nutrition, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - YanJun Li
- Research Institute of Food Science, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co, Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kai Ou
- Research Institute of Food Science, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co, Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guo Qing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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25
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Møretrø T, Langsrud S. Residential Bacteria on Surfaces in the Food Industry and Their Implications for Food Safety and Quality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1022-1041. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, The Norwegian Inst. of Food; Fishery and Aquaculture Research; N-1430 Ås Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, The Norwegian Inst. of Food; Fishery and Aquaculture Research; N-1430 Ås Norway
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Rodríguez-López P, Cabo ML. Tolerance development in Listeria monocytogenes-Escherichia coli dual-species biofilms after sublethal exposures to pronase-benzalkonium chloride combined treatments. Food Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28648294 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the effects that sublethal exposures to pronase (PRN) and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) combined treatments have on Listeria monocytogenes-Escherichia coli dual-species biofilms grown on stainless steel in terms of tolerance development (TD) to these compounds. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the changes of the biofilm structure. PRN-BAC exposure was carried out using three different approaches and TD was evaluated treating biofilms with a final 100 μg/ml PRN followed by 50 μg/ml BAC combined treatment. Results showed that exposure to PRN-BAC significantly decreased the number of adhered L. monocytogenes (P < 0.05), while E. coli counts remained generally unaltered. It was also demonstrated that the incorporation of recovery periods during sublethal exposures increased the tolerance of both species of the mixed biofilm to the final PRN-BAC treatment. Moreover, control biofilms became more resistant to PRN-BAC if longer incubation periods were used. Regardless of the treatment used, log reduction values were generally lower in L. monocytogenes compared to E. coli. Additionally, microscopy images showed an altered morphology produced by sublethal PRN-BAC in exposed L. monocytogenes-E. coli dual-species biofilms compared to control samples. Results also demonstrated that L. monocytogenes-E. coli dual-species biofilms are able to develop tolerance to PRN-BAC combined treatments depending on way they have been previously exposed. Moreover, they suggest that the generation of bacterial tolerance should be included as a parameter for sanitation procedures design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-López
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marta López Cabo
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
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Tonoyan L, Fleming GTA, Mc Cay PH, Friel R, O'Flaherty V. Antibacterial Potential of an Antimicrobial Agent Inspired by Peroxidase-Catalyzed Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:680. [PMID: 28512449 PMCID: PMC5412088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global health. Consequently, the development of non-antibiotic based therapies and disinfectants, which avoid induction of resistance, or cross-resistance, is of high priority. We report the synthesis of a biocidal complex, which is produced by the reaction between ionic oxidizable salts-iodide and thiocyanate-in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidation source. The reaction generates bactericidal reactive oxygen and iodine species. In this study, we report that the iodo-thiocyanate complex (ITC) is an effective bactericidal agent with activity against planktonic and biofilm cells of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus) bacteria. The minimum bactericidal concentrations and the minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of the biocidal composite were in the range of 7.8-31.3 and 31.3-250 μg ml-1, respectively. As a result, the complex was capable to cause a rapid cell death of planktonic test cultures at between 0.5 and 2 h, and complete eradication of dual and mono-species biofilms between 30 s and 10 min. Furthermore, the test bacteria, including a MRSA strain, exposed to the cocktail failed to develop resistance after serial passages. The antimicrobial activity of the ITC appears to derive from the combinational effect of the powerful species capable of oxidizing the essential biomolecules of bacteria. The use of this composition may provide an effective and efficient method for killing potential pathogens, as well as for disinfecting and removing biofilm contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Tonoyan
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Gerard T. A. Fleming
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Paul H. Mc Cay
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Ruairi Friel
- Westway Health Ltd., Business Innovation Centre, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
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Gkana EN, Giaouris ED, Doulgeraki AI, Kathariou S, Nychas GJE. Biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel under either mono- or dual-species multi-strain conditions and resistance of sessile communities to sub-lethal chemical disinfection. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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The Behavior of Staphylococcus aureus Dual-Species Biofilms Treated with Bacteriophage phiIPLA-RODI Depends on the Accompanying Microorganism. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.02821-16. [PMID: 27836851 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02821-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of bacteriophages as antimicrobials against pathogenic bacteria offers a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics and disinfectants. Significantly, phages may help to remove biofilms, which are notoriously resistant to commonly used eradication methods. However, the successful development of novel antibiofilm strategies must take into account that real-life biofilms usually consist of mixed-species populations. Within this context, this study aimed to explore the effectiveness of bacteriophage-based sanitation procedures for removing polymicrobial biofilms from food industry surfaces. We treated dual-species biofilms formed by the food pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, or Lactobacillus pentosus with the staphylococcal phage phiIPLA-RODI. Our results suggest that the impact of bacteriophage treatment on S. aureus mixed-species biofilms varies depending on the accompanying species and the infection conditions. For instance, short treatments (4 h) with a phage suspension under nutrient-limiting conditions reduced the number of S. aureus cells in 5-h biofilms by ∼1 log unit without releasing the nonsusceptible species. In contrast, longer infection periods (18 h) with no nutrient limitation increased the killing of S. aureus cells by the phage (decrease of up to 2.9 log units). However, in some cases, these conditions promoted the growth of the accompanying species. For example, the L. plantarum cell count in the treated sample was up to 2.3 log units higher than that in the untreated control. Furthermore, phage propagation inside dual-species biofilms also depended greatly on the accompanying species, with the highest rate detected in biofilms formed by S. aureus-L. pentosus Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) also showed changes in the three-dimensional structures of the mixed-species biofilms after phage treatment. Altogether, the results presented here highlight the need to study the impact of phage therapy on microbial communities that reflect a more realistic setting. IMPORTANCE Biofilms represent a major source of contamination in industrial and hospital settings. Therefore, developing efficient strategies to combat bacterial biofilms is of the utmost importance from medical and economic perspectives. Bacteriophages have shown potential as novel antibiofilm agents, but further research is still required to fully understand the interactions between phages and biofilm-embedded bacteria. The results presented in this study contribute to achieving a better understanding of such interactions in a more realistic context, considering that most biofilms in the environment consist of mixed-species populations.
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Wand ME. Bacterial Resistance to Hospital Disinfection. MODELING THE TRANSMISSION AND PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60616-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Azevedo AS, Almeida C, Melo LF, Azevedo NF. Impact of polymicrobial biofilms in catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:423-439. [PMID: 28033847 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1240656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have demonstrated that most biofilms involved in catheter-associated urinary tract infections are polymicrobial communities, with pathogenic microorganisms (e.g. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and uncommon microorganisms (e.g. Delftia tsuruhatensis, Achromobacter xylosoxidans) frequently co-inhabiting the same urinary catheter. However, little is known about the interactions that occur between different microorganisms and how they impact biofilm formation and infection outcome. This lack of knowledge affects CAUTIs management as uncommon bacteria action can, for instance, influence the rate at which pathogens adhere and grow, as well as affect the overall biofilm resistance to antibiotics. Another relevant aspect is the understanding of factors that drive a single pathogenic bacterium to become prevalent in a polymicrobial community and subsequently cause infection. In this review, a general overview about the IMDs-associated biofilm infections is provided, with an emphasis on the pathophysiology and the microbiome composition of CAUTIs. Based on the available literature, it is clear that more research about the microbiome interaction, mechanisms of biofilm formation and of antimicrobial tolerance of the polymicrobial consortium are required to better understand and treat these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Azevedo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Luís F Melo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Speranza B, Monacis N, Sinigaglia M, Corbo MR. Approaches to Removal and Killing ofSalmonellaSpp. Biofilms. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Speranza
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE); University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Noemi Monacis
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE); University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE); University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE); University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
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Liu SY, Tonggu L, Niu LN, Gong SQ, Fan B, Wang L, Zhao JH, Huang C, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Antimicrobial activity of a quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silicate-containing acrylic resin: a randomised clinical trial. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21882. [PMID: 26903314 PMCID: PMC4763235 DOI: 10.1038/srep21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silicate (QAMS)-containing acrylic resin demonstrated contact-killing antimicrobial ability in vitro after three months of water storage. The objective of the present double-blind randomised clinical trial was to determine the in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of QAMS-containing orthodontic acrylic by using custom-made removable retainers that were worn intraorally by 32 human subjects to create 48-hour multi-species plaque biofilms, using a split-mouth study design. Two control QAMS-free acrylic disks were inserted into the wells on one side of an orthodontic retainer, and two experimental QAMS-containing acrylic disks were inserted into the wells on the other side of the same retainer. After 48 hours, the disks were retrieved and examined for microbial vitality using confocal laser scanning microscopy. No harm to the oral mucosa or systemic health occurred. In the absence of carry-across effect and allocation bias (disks inserted in the left or right side of retainer), significant difference was identified between the percentage kill in the biovolume of QAMS-free control disks (3.73 ± 2.11%) and QAMS-containing experimental disks (33.94 ± 23.88%) retrieved from the subjects (P ≤ 0.001). The results validated that the QAMS-containing acrylic exhibits favourable antimicrobial activity against plaque biofilms in vivo. The QAMS-containing acrylic may also be used for fabricating removable acrylic dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-ying Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lige Tonggu
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Biological Structure, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-qiang Gong
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Fan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Wang
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Biological Structure, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ji-hong Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - David H. Pashley
- The Dental College of Georgia, Department of Endodontics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Department of Endodontics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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35
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Azevedo AS, Almeida C, Pereira B, Melo LF, Azevedo NF. Impact of Delftia tsuruhatensis and Achromobacter xylosoxidans on Escherichia coli dual-species biofilms treated with antibiotic agents. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:227-241. [PMID: 26901701 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1124096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently it was demonstrated that for urinary tract infections species with a lower or unproven pathogenic potential, such as Delftia tsuruhatensis and Achromobacter xylosoxidans, might interact with conventional pathogenic agents such as Escherichia coli. Here, single- and dual-species biofilms of these microorganisms were characterized in terms of microbial composition over time, the average fitness of E. coli, the spatial organization and the biofilm antimicrobial profile. The results revealed a positive impact of these species on the fitness of E. coli and a greater tolerance to the antibiotic agents. In dual-species biofilms exposed to antibiotics, E. coli was able to dominate the microbial consortia in spite of being the most sensitive strain. This is the first study demonstrating the protective effect of less common species over E. coli under adverse conditions imposed by the use of antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Azevedo
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
- b Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Odense M , Denmark
| | - Carina Almeida
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
- c Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering , Universidade do Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Bruno Pereira
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Luís F Melo
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Abstract
Microbial communities are spatially organized in both the environment and the human body. Although patterns exhibited by these communities are described by microbial biogeography, this discipline has previously only considered large-scale, global patterns. By contrast, the fine-scale positioning of a pathogen within an infection site can greatly alter its virulence potential. In this Review, we highlight the importance of considering spatial positioning in the study of polymicrobial infections and discuss targeting biogeography as a therapeutic strategy.
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Moen B, Røssvoll E, Måge I, Møretrø T, Langsrud S. Microbiota formed on attached stainless steel coupons correlates with the natural biofilm of the sink surface in domestic kitchens. Can J Microbiol 2015; 62:148-60. [PMID: 26758935 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stainless steel coupons are frequently used in biofilm studies in the laboratory, as this material is commonly used in the food industry. The coupons are attached to different surfaces to create a "natural" biofilm to be studied further in laboratory trials. However, little has been done to investigate how well the microbiota on such coupons represents the surrounding environment. The microbiota on sink wall surfaces and on new stainless steel coupons attached to the sink wall for 3 months in 8 domestic kitchen sinks was investigated by next-generation sequencing (MiSeq) of the 16S rRNA gene derived from DNA and RNA (cDNA), and by plating and identification of colonies. The mean number of colony-forming units was about 10-fold higher for coupons than sink surfaces, and more variation in bacterial counts between kitchens was seen on sink surfaces than coupons. The microbiota in the majority of biofilms was dominated by Moraxellaceae (genus Moraxella/Enhydrobacter) and Micrococcaceae (genus Kocuria). The results demonstrated that the variation in the microbiota was mainly due to differences between kitchens (38.2%), followed by the different nucleic acid template (DNA vs RNA) (10.8%), and that only 5.1% of the variation was a result of differences between coupons and sink surfaces. The microbiota variation between sink surfaces and coupons was smaller for samples based on their RNA than on their DNA. Overall, our results suggest that new stainless steel coupons are suited to model the dominating part of the natural microbiota of the surrounding environment and, furthermore, are suitable for different downstream studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Moen
- a Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Elin Røssvoll
- a Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway.,b Animalia, Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Center, P.O. Box 396, Økern, 0513 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Måge
- a Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Trond Møretrø
- a Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- a Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway
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Pozo MI, Herrera CM, Lachance MA, Verstrepen K, Lievens B, Jacquemyn H. Species coexistence in simple microbial communities: unravelling the phenotypic landscape of co-occurring Metschnikowia species in floral nectar. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:1850-62. [PMID: 26337395 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the ecological processes that underlie the distribution and abundance of species in microbial communities is a central issue in microbial ecology and evolution. Classical trade-off based niche theories of resource competition predict that co-occurrence in microbial communities is more likely when the residing species show trait divergence and complementary resource use. We tested the prediction that niche differentiation explained the co-occurrence of two yeast species (Metschnikowia reukaufii and M. gruessii) in floral nectar. Assessment of the phenotypic landscape showed that both species displayed a significantly different physiological profile. Comparison of utilization profiles in single versus mixed cultures indicated that these two species did not compete for most carbon and nitrogen sources. In mixed cultures, M. reukaufii grew better in sucrose solutions and in the presence of the antimicrobial compound digitonin than when grown as pure culture. M. gruessii, on the other hand, grew better in mixed cultures in glucose and fructose solutions. Overall, these results provide clear evidence that M. reukaufii and M. gruessii frequently co-occur in nectar and that they differ in their phenotypic response to variation in environmental conditions, suggesting that niche differentiation and resource partitioning are important mechanisms contributing to species co-occurrence in nectar yeast communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Pozo
- Plant Population and Conservation Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marc-André Lachance
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Verstrepen
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology and Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG) Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Plant Population and Conservation Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Carrascosa C, Millán R, Jaber JR, Lupiola P, del Rosario-Quintana C, Mauricio C, Sanjuán E. Blue pigment in fresh cheese produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sanchez-Vizuete P, Orgaz B, Aymerich S, Le Coq D, Briandet R. Pathogens protection against the action of disinfectants in multispecies biofilms. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:705. [PMID: 26236291 PMCID: PMC4500986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms constitute the prevalent way of life for microorganisms in both natural and man-made environments. Biofilm-dwelling cells display greater tolerance to antimicrobial agents than those that are free-living, and the mechanisms by which this occurs have been investigated extensively using single-strain axenic models. However, there is growing evidence that interspecies interactions may profoundly alter the response of the community to such toxic exposure. In this paper, we propose an overview of the studies dealing with multispecies biofilms resistance to biocides, with particular reference to the protection of pathogenic species by resident surface flora when subjected to disinfectants treatments. The mechanisms involved in such protection include interspecies signaling, interference between biocides molecules and public goods in the matrix, or the physiology and genetic plasticity associated with a structural spatial arrangement. After describing these different mechanisms, we will discuss the experimental methods available for their analysis in the context of complex multispecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanchez-Vizuete
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Belen Orgaz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Stéphane Aymerich
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Dominique Le Coq
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- CNRS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Romain Briandet
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
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Wang YP, Yu SS, Zhang HL, Li WW, Cheng YY, Yu HQ. Roles of 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide in regulating extracellular electron transfer of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7991. [PMID: 25612888 PMCID: PMC4303895 DOI: 10.1038/srep07991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial extracellular electron transfer (EET) is critically involved in many pollutant conversion processes in both natural environment and engineered bioelectrochemical systems (BES), but typically with limited efficiency and poor controllability. In this study, we discover an important role of uncouplers in affecting the microbial energy metabolism and EET. Dose of lower-concentration 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) in the anolyte promoted the current generation and substrate degradation of an MFC inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. However, higher TCS dosage caused obvious microbial inhibition. Our results suggest a previously unknown role of uncouplers in regulating the microbial EET. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of such processes are investigated. This work broadens our view about the EET behaviors of microorganisms in real water environment where uncouplers are usually present, and suggests a possible new approach to regulate microbial EET in BES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Wang
- 1] Department of Chemistry, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China [2] China Academy of Engineering Physics, P. O. Box 919, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Sheng-Song Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hai-Ling Zhang
- 1] Department of Chemistry, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China [2] China Academy of Engineering Physics, P. O. Box 919, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- 1] Department of Chemistry, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Feng XC, Guo WQ, Yang SS, Zheng HS, Du JS, Wu QL, Ren NQ. Possible causes of excess sludge reduction adding metabolic uncoupler, 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS), in sequence batch reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 173:96-103. [PMID: 25285765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two parallel sequence batch reactors (SBRs) were operated, with and without TCS addition, to research the causes of sludge reduction by uncouplers. Three possible mechanisms of sludge reduction by TCS were studied: (1) occurrence of metabolic uncoupling, (2) consumption of more energy to resist the infection of TCS, (3) promotion of lysis-cryptic growth by TCS addition. Results showed the remarkable reduction of electronic transport system (ETS) activity and specific cellular ATP (SATP) in TCS reactor, which proved the occurrence of metabolic uncoupling. The increasing amounts of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), as measured by chemical methods and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra, implied microorganisms consumed more energy to resist TCS. The similar DNA concentrations of the effluents in two reactors indicated sludge lysis was not intensified by TCS. Therefore, uncoupler might not only cause metabolic uncoupling but also induce more energy consumption in the production of some substances to resist uncoupler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - He-Shan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Juan-Shan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Qu-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Bridier A, Sanchez-Vizuete P, Guilbaud M, Piard JC, Naïtali M, Briandet R. Biofilm-associated persistence of food-borne pathogens. Food Microbiol 2014; 45:167-78. [PMID: 25500382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial life abounds on surfaces in both natural and industrial environments, one of which is the food industry. A solid substrate, water and some nutrients are sufficient to allow the construction of a microbial fortress, a so-called biofilm. Survival strategies developed by these surface-associated ecosystems are beginning to be deciphered in the context of rudimentary laboratory biofilms. Gelatinous organic matrices consisting of complex mixtures of self-produced biopolymers ensure the cohesion of these biological structures and contribute to their resistance and persistence. Moreover, far from being just simple three-dimensional assemblies of identical cells, biofilms are composed of heterogeneous sub-populations with distinctive behaviours that contribute to their global ecological success. In the clinical field, biofilm-associated infections (BAI) are known to trigger chronic infections that require dedicated therapies. A similar belief emerging in the food industry, where biofilm tolerance to environmental stresses, including cleaning and disinfection/sanitation, can result in the persistence of bacterial pathogens and the recurrent cross-contamination of food products. The present review focuses on the principal mechanisms involved in the formation of biofilms of food-borne pathogens, where biofilm behaviour is driven by its three-dimensional heterogeneity and by species interactions within these biostructures, and we look at some emergent control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Sanchez-Vizuete
- Inra, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Massy, France
| | - M Guilbaud
- Inra, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Massy, France
| | - J-C Piard
- Inra, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Massy, France
| | - M Naïtali
- Inra, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Massy, France
| | - R Briandet
- Inra, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Massy, France.
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44
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Ashraf MA, Ullah S, Ahmad I, Qureshi AK, Balkhair KS, Abdur Rehman M. Green biocides, a promising technology: current and future applications to industry and industrial processes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:388-403. [PMID: 23983055 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study of biofilms has skyrocketed in recent years due to increased awareness of the pervasiveness and impact of biofilms. It costs the USA literally billions of dollars every year in energy losses, equipment damage, product contamination and medical infections. But biofilms also offer huge potential for cleaning up hazardous waste sites, filtering municipal and industrial water and wastewater, and forming biobarriers to protect soil and groundwater from contamination. The complexity of biofilm activity and behavior requires research contributions from many disciplines such as biochemistry, engineering, mathematics and microbiology. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of emerging novel antimicrobial techniques, including those using myriad organic and inorganic products as well as genetic engineering techniques, the use of coordination complex molecules, composite materials and antimicrobial peptides and the use of lasers as such or their modified use in combination treatments. This review also addresses advanced and recent modifications, including methodological changes, and biocide efficacy enhancing strategies. This review will provide future planners of biofilm control technologies with a broad understanding and perspective on the use of biocides in the field of green developments for a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan; Department of Geology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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45
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Cieplik F, Späth A, Regensburger J, Gollmer A, Tabenski L, Hiller KA, Bäumler W, Maisch T, Schmalz G. Photodynamic biofilm inactivation by SAPYR--an exclusive singlet oxygen photosensitizer. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:477-487. [PMID: 23891675 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and control of biofilm-growing microorganisms are serious problems in public health due to increasing resistances of some pathogens against antimicrobial drugs and the potential of these microorganisms to cause severe infections in patients. Therefore, alternative approaches that are capable of killing pathogens are needed to supplement standard treatment modalities. One alternative is the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (PIB). The lethal effect of PIB is based on the principle that visible light activates a photosensitizer, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species, e.g., singlet oxygen, which induces phototoxicity immediately during illumination. SAPYR is a new generation of photosensitizers. Based on a 7-perinaphthenone structure, it shows a singlet oxygen quantum yield ΦΔ of 99% and is water soluble and photostable. Moreover, it contains a positive charge for good adherence to cell walls of pathogens. In this study, the PIB properties of SAPYR were investigated against monospecies and polyspecies biofilms formed in vitro by oral key pathogens. SAPYR showed a dual mechanism of action against biofilms: (I) it disrupts the structure of the biofilm even without illumination; (II) when irradiated, it inactivates bacteria in a polymicrobial biofilm after one single treatment with an efficacy of ≥ 99.99%. These results encourage further investigation on the potential of PIB using SAPYR for the treatment of localized infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Späth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Regensburger
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Anita Gollmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Laura Tabenski
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Bäumler
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Giaouris E, Chorianopoulos N, Doulgeraki A, Nychas GJ. Co-culture with Listeria monocytogenes within a dual-species biofilm community strongly increases resistance of Pseudomonas putida to benzalkonium chloride. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77276. [PMID: 24130873 PMCID: PMC3795059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a phenomenon occurring almost wherever microorganisms and surfaces exist in close proximity. This study aimed to evaluate the possible influence of bacterial interactions on the ability of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas putida to develop a dual-species biofilm community on stainless steel (SS), as well as on the subsequent resistance of their sessile cells to benzalkonium chloride (BC) used in inadequate (sub-lethal) concentration (50 ppm). The possible progressive adaptability of mixed-culture biofilms to BC was also investigated. To accomplish these, 3 strains per species were left to develop mixed-culture biofilms on SS coupons, incubated in daily renewable growth medium for a total period of 10 days, under either mono- or dual-species conditions. Each day, biofilm cells were exposed to disinfection treatment. Results revealed that the simultaneous presence of L. monocytogenes strongly increased the resistance of P. putida biofilm cells to BC, while culture conditions (mono-/dual-species) did not seem to significantly influence the resistance of L. monocytogenes biofilm cells. BC mainly killed L. monocytogenes cells when this was applied against the dual-species sessile community during the whole incubation period, despite the fact that from the 2nd day this community was mainly composed (>90%) of P. putida cells. No obvious adaptation to BC was observed in either L. monocytogenes or P. putida biofilm cells. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that the different strains behaved differently with regard to biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. Such knowledge on the physiological behavior of mixed-culture biofilms could provide the information necessary to control their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos island, Greece
| | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Veterinary Research Institute of Athens, Greek Agricultural Organization “Demeter”, Aghia Paraskeui, Greece
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos island, Greece
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Athens, Greece
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Development and characterization of essential oil component-based polymer films: a potential approach to reduce bacterial biofilm. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9515-23. [PMID: 23989976 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of new polymeric materials aimed to control the bacterial biofilm appears to be an important practical approach. The goal of the present study was to prepare and characterize poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer (EVA) films containing citronellol, eugenol, and linalool and evaluate their efficiency on growth and biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in monospecies and dual species. The results showed that the addition of oil components influenced the elastic modulus (15 % decrease), the tensile stress (30 % decrease), the elongation at break (10 % increase), and the contact angle values (10-20° decrease) while leaving the homogeneity of the surface unaltered. Among the polymeric films, EVA + citronellol and EVA + eugenol at 7 wt% had the best inhibitory effect. After 24-48 h of incubation, EVA + citronellol was more effective against the growth (30-60 % reduction) than EVA + eugenol (15-30 % inhibition). However, this inhibition decreased after 240 h of incubation. On the contrary, the biofilm evaluation revealed a strong inhibition trend also after prolonged incubation time: the amount of biomass per square centimeter formed on copolymer with oil components was significantly less (40-70 % decrease) than that on pure copolymer control for L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and E. coli. When polymeric materials were simultaneously inoculated with combinations of S. aureus and E. coli, the biomass accumulated was higher for EVA + citronellol and lower for EVA + eugenol than that in monoculture biofilm. The findings were similar to the results obtained by 2,3-bis[2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide assay that measures the metabolic activity of viable cells.
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48
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Nance WC, Dowd SE, Samarian D, Chludzinski J, Delli J, Battista J, Rickard AH. A high-throughput microfluidic dental plaque biofilm system to visualize and quantify the effect of antimicrobials. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2550-60. [PMID: 23800904 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few model systems are amenable to developing multi-species biofilms in parallel under environmentally germane conditions. This is a problem when evaluating the potential real-world effectiveness of antimicrobials in the laboratory. One such antimicrobial is cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), which is used in numerous over-the-counter oral healthcare products. The aim of this work was to develop a high-throughput microfluidic system that is combined with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of CPC against oral multi-species biofilms grown in human saliva. METHODS Twenty-four-channel BioFlux microfluidic plates were inoculated with pooled human saliva and fed filter-sterilized saliva for 20 h at 37°C. The bacterial diversity of the biofilms was evaluated by bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). The antimicrobial/anti-biofilm effect of CPC (0.5%-0.001% w/v) was examined using Live/Dead stain, CLSM and 3D imaging software. RESULTS The analysis of biofilms by bTEFAP demonstrated that they contained genera typically found in human dental plaque. These included Aggregatibacter, Fusobacterium, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Streptococcus and Veillonella. Using Live/Dead stain, clear gradations in killing were observed when the biofilms were treated with CPC between 0.5% and 0.001% w/v. At 0.5% (w/v) CPC, 90% of the total signal was from dead/damaged cells. Below this concentration range, less killing was observed. In the 0.5%-0.05% (w/v) range CPC penetration/killing was greatest and biofilm thickness was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the utility of a high-throughput microfluidic-CLSM system to grow multi-species oral biofilms, which are compositionally similar to naturally occurring biofilms, to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Nance
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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Giaouris E, Heir E, Hébraud M, Chorianopoulos N, Langsrud S, Møretrø T, Habimana O, Desvaux M, Renier S, Nychas GJ. Attachment and biofilm formation by foodborne bacteria in meat processing environments: causes, implications, role of bacterial interactions and control by alternative novel methods. Meat Sci 2013; 97:298-309. [PMID: 23747091 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of potential spoilage and pathogenic bacteria to food contact surfaces and the subsequent biofilm formation represent serious challenges to the meat industry, since these may lead to cross-contamination of the products, resulting in lowered-shelf life and transmission of diseases. In meat processing environments, microorganisms are sometimes associated to surfaces in complex multispecies communities, while bacterial interactions have been shown to play a key role in cell attachment and detachment from biofilms, as well as in the resistance of biofilm community members against antimicrobial treatments. Disinfection of food contact surfaces in such environments is a challenging task, aggravated by the great antimicrobial resistance of biofilm associated bacteria. In recent years, several alternative novel methods, such as essential oils and bacteriophages, have been successfully tested as an alternative means for the disinfection of microbial-contaminated food contact surfaces. In this review, all these aspects of biofilm formation in meat processing environments are discussed from a microbial meat-quality and safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos 81400, Greece.
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima Mat AS, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Michel Hébraud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Veterinary Research Institute of Athens, Greek Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Aghia Paraskeui15310, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Sandra Renier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
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Tian Y, Zhang J, Wu D, Li Z, Cui Y. Distribution variation of a metabolic uncoupler, 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) in long-term sludge culture and their effects on sludge reduction and biological inhibition. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:279-288. [PMID: 23123050 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Distribution variation of a metabolic uncoupler, 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP), in long-term sludge culture was studied, and the effects on sludge reduction and biological inhibition of this chemical during the 90-day operation were established. The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix functioned as a protective barrier for the bacteria inside sludge flocs to 2,6-DCP, resulting in the transfer of 2,6-DCP from the liquid phase to the activated sludge fraction. Significant sludge reduction (about 40%) was observed after the addition of 2,6-DCP in the first 40 days, while the ineffective function of 2,6-DCP in sludge reduction (days 70-90) might be correlated to the EPS protection mechanism. The inhibitory effect of 2,6-DCP on the COD removal was extremely lower than on the nitrification performance due to the fact that 2,6-DCP was much more toxic to autotrophic microorganisms than heterotrophic microorganisms. Moreover, both of them recovered to a higher level again with the transfer potential of 2,6-DCP to sludge. Thus, the application of metabolic uncoupler for excess sludge reduction should be cautious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China.
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