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Pujol J, Lamglait B, Vanore M, Rousseau C, Vergneau-Grosset C. A Post-Operative Follow-Up of an Endangered Saltwater Fish Lensectomy for Cataract Management in a Public Aquarium: A Case Series. Vet Sci 2023; 10:611. [PMID: 37888563 PMCID: PMC10611108 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature cataracts can be a life-threatening condition in fish as it may result in anorexia. Lens extraction has been previously described in fish, but the long-term outcome of this procedure has not been evaluated. Eleven captive-bred adult fish housed in a public aquarium presented with unilateral (n = 3/11) or bilateral (n = 8/11) mature cataracts. All cases belonged to three endangered fish populations: striped bass (Morone saxatilis) originating from the Saint Lawrence River and Atlantic and spotted wolffish (Anarhichas lupus and Anarhichas minor). Pre-operatively, fish presented with anorexia, dark discoloration, abnormal position in the water column, skin abrasions, and/or decreased body condition scores. A lensectomy was performed in eleven fish, including a bilateral procedure in four fish, corresponding to fifteen eyes. Follow-up examinations were performed one to two weeks and one year post surgery. The main complication was self-resolving: corneal edema was present in 67% of eyes, persistent after a week in 47% of eyes, and resolved thereafter. Post-operatively, 73% of fish resumed feeding and regained a good body condition score. Persistent visual impairment post-surgery associated with anorexia required euthanasia in three out of eleven cases. The median time of death was 336 days post surgery (range: 27-1439 days) and three cases were still alive 1334 to 1425 days after the lensectomy. This was considered a favorable outcome for these older individuals with concurrent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pujol
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (J.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Benjamin Lamglait
- Centre Québécois sur la Santé des Animaux Sauvages, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Maria Vanore
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (J.P.); (M.V.)
| | | | - Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (J.P.); (M.V.)
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Lewin AC, Hu J, Liu CC, Camacho P, Carter RT. Efficacy of perioperative 2% dorzolamide ophthalmic solution for reduction of postoperative ocular hypertension in dogs following routine phacoemulsification surgery: A prospective clinical trial. Vet Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37178335 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of 2% dorzolamide ophthalmic solution for reduction of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) following routine phacoemulsification surgery in dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED Thirty one dogs (53 eyes) with naturally occurring cataracts undergoing routine phacoemulsification surgery. PROCEDURE(S) A prospective, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study design was utilized. Dogs received 2% dorzolamide ophthalmic solution or saline 1 h prior to surgery then three times daily for 21 days postoperatively in the operated eye(s). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded 1 h prior to surgery and 3 h, 7 h, 22 h, 1 week and 3 weeks postoperatively. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level of p < .05. RESULTS Postoperative ocular hypertension (IOP ≥25 mmHg, <24 h after surgery) occurred in 28/53 (52.8%) eyes. There was significant reduction in the incidence of POH for eyes receiving dorzolamide (10/26 (38.4%) eyes) versus eyes receiving placebo (18/27 (66.7%) eyes) (p = .0384). Animals were followed for a median of 163 days after surgery. Thirty-seven (37/53 (69.8%)) eyes were visual at final examination and 3/53 (5.7%) globes were enucleated postoperatively. At last follow-up, there was no difference in visual status (p = .9280), need for topical IOP lowering medication (p = .8319) or incidence of glaucoma (p = .5880) based on treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative administration of topical 2% dorzolamide reduced the incidence of POH after phacoemulsification in the dogs studied. However, this was not associated with differences in visual outcome, incidence of glaucoma or need for IOP-lowering medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Hu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Pilar Camacho
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Renee T Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Knight LN, Royal K. Training Veterinary Ophthalmology Residents on Cataract Surgery (Part A: Diplomate's Survey). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023:e20220081. [PMID: 36917612 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the teaching methods used to train residents in cataract surgery at academic and private practice institutions. A descriptive survey was distributed online to 186 active supervising diplomates of the American Board of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ABVO) listserve. The survey included items about various educational resources and techniques available to ophthalmology residents when performing cataract surgery. Thirty-seven (19.9%) supervising diplomates completed the survey. Most supervising diplomates (29, 78.4%) required supervised practice in the wet lab. Fourteen supervising diplomates (37.8%) provided mandatory cataract surgery lectures. Nine diplomates (24.3%) required their residents to attend a formal phacoemulsification wet lab course. There was no difference in the number of diplomates who allowed their residents to perform cataract surgery as the primary surgeon during their second year compared to any other year. Thirty-three surveyed diplomates supported the idea of creating an assessment tool to improve surgical competency. This article describes the current trends in veterinary ophthalmology residency education and provides support for the creation of an assessment tool to improve surgical competency. The goal is to stimulate future research on how educators can effectively train veterinary ophthalmology residents to improve surgical proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTisha N Knight
- Comparative Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Kenneth Royal
- Office of Academic Affairs, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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Kim S, Kang S, Jeong Y, Seo K. Retrospective study of postoperative intraocular pressure and complications in phacoemulsification combined with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation and phacoemulsification alone in dogs. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e16. [PMID: 36726281 PMCID: PMC9899940 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term comparative data of phacoemulsification combined with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (phaco-ECP) versus phacoemulsification (phaco) alone in dogs are rare. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of ECP on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and complications after phaco in dogs with normal IOP. METHODS Medical records of IOP, conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, aqueous flare, posterior synechia, intraocular fibrin, and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) formation in 15 canine eyes that underwent phaco-ECP and 36 eyes that underwent phaco alone were evaluated retrospectively. ECP was applied when either the iridocorneal angle or the ciliary cleft was narrow or closed. RESULTS The IOP of the phaco-ECP group persisted within the normal range postoperatively. The phaco-ECP group had a shorter period of dorzolamide use than did the phaco group. PCO was formed earlier in the phaco-ECP group than in the phaco group. The phaco-ECP group showed more severe corneal edema than the phaco group at every follow-up visit. Posterior synechia was more severe in the phaco-ECP group than in the phaco group from two weeks until the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Although ECP might cause more postoperative complications such as corneal edema and posterior synechia, it could effectively reduce the incidence of IOP increase after phaco in dogs with a high risk of postoperative glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngseok Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Bradley C, Manchip K, Sansom PG, Carter WJ. Prophylactic efficacy of intravenous paracetamol administration to reduce the incidence of post-operative ocular hypertension in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification: A pilot study. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25:350-359. [PMID: 35512023 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether intravenous administration of paracetamol can prevent postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) in dogs following routine phacoemulsification. METHODS Diabetic and non-diabetic patients (total 54 dogs) undergoing unilateral or bilateral phacoemulsification were recruited to this placebo-controlled, prospective study. The control group received 1 ml/kg saline via intravenous infusion while the treatment group received 10 mg/kg paracetamol via intravenous infusion. Infusions were administered 30 min prior to surgery and repeated 12 h following initial administration. All patients received topical latanoprost at the conclusion of surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before premedication (baseline), and at 1 h, 3 h, 5 h and 18 h following extubation. POH was defined as an IOP above 25 mmHg (POH25). In addition, the number of patients with an IOP exceeding 20 mmHg was analyzed (POH20). RESULTS POH20 occurred in 33 of 54 animals (61.1%), including 19 of 25 animals (76.0%) in the control group and 14 of 29 animals (55.2%) in the treatment group. POH25 occurred in 23 of 44 animals (52.3%), including 13 of 25 animals (52.0%) in the control group and 10 of 29 animals (34.5%) in the treatment group. Paracetamol administration showed a significant positive effect on reducing the incidence of POH20 (p = .048), but not POH25 (p = .221). CONCLUSIONS When comparing groups, treatment with paracetamol showed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of POH20, although no differences were observed in the incidence of POH25 between groups. Further studies are warranted to explore whether alternative drug regimes or routes of administration can provide enhanced efficacy in the prevention of POH25.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip G Sansom
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Bailey K, Webb T. Retrospective Study of Long-Term Outcome of Phacoemulsification in 22 Feline Eyes with Presumed Congenital/Juvenile Cataracts (2007-2020). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:121-128. [PMID: 35576397 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the complication risk and prevalence after phacoemulsification in cats with presumed congenital/inherited cataracts. Twelve client-owned cats were included in the study. This retrospective study spanned 13 yr and involved 22 eyes. The median age at the time of surgery was 15 mo (range: 4.5-168 mo of age). Recorded complications were 3 eyes developed postoperative ocular hypertension, 1 eye developed glaucoma, 7 eyes developed feline herpes virus-1 signs, and 7 eyes developed postoperative uveitis >2 wk after surgery. No eyes had developed intraocular sarcomas at the time of their last exam. All eyes remained visual at last follow-up (range: 0.5-121 mo). Success was defined as a comfortable and visual eye without intraocular neoplasia, glaucoma, a partial or complete retinal detachment, or uveitis that occurred >2 wk after surgery or persisted longer than 2 wk. Twenty-one out of 22 eyes had a successful outcome. In this study, cats with presumed congenital/juvenile cataracts who underwent phacoemulsification had an excellent outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Bailey
- From VCA Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Clackamas, Oregon (K.B.)
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Lewin GA, Dixon CJ. Post-operative outcomes in canine eyes receiving a rhexis-fixated prosthetic intra-ocular lens: 30 cases (2014-2020). J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:211-219. [PMID: 34796972 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the outcomes following the insertion of a rhexis-fixated prosthetic intraocular lens (IOL) in dogs undergoing lens removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The results are from 30 eyes of 28 dogs, undergoing lendectomy, in which the lens capsule could not accommodate a conventional prosthetic endo-capsular IOL. The reported cases had sustained either spontaneous or traumatic lens capsule rupture, or accidental intra-operative iatrogenic lens capsule disruption, or had required a planned, large, anterior or posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, all of which precluded insertion of a prosthetic IOL within the lens capsule. An acrylic IOL (XVET; Medicontur) was modified and positioned across the anterior and/or posterior capsulorhexes. RESULTS Other than haptic luxation in three cases, no complications were seen that were directly attributable to the rhexis-fixated lens. Over a follow-up period from three to 76 months (mean 20.7 months) 26/30 eyes remained visual. Blindness developed in three eyes due to retinal detachment and one eye was enucleated due to regrowth of a ciliary body adenoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Rhexis fixation provided an alternative method to implant a prosthetic IOL when the lens capsule was unable to accommodate a conventional endo-capsular IOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Lewin
- Veterinary Vision, Signal House, Gillan Way, Penrith, Cumbria, CA11 9BP, UK
| | - C J Dixon
- Veterinary Vision, Signal House, Gillan Way, Penrith, Cumbria, CA11 9BP, UK
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Kang S, Shim J, Seo K. The association of topical flurbiprofen with the incidence of postoperative glaucoma after phacoemulsification in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:460-468. [PMID: 34402562 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between topical administration of flurbiprofen plus corticosteroids versus corticosteroids alone following phacoemulsification and the development of postoperative glaucoma in dogs. ANIMAL STUDIED Thirty-eight/eighty-three (45.8%) eyes were prescribed topical flurbiprofen plus corticosteroids immediately postop while 45/83 (54.2%) eyes received topical corticosteroids alone. PROCEDURES Logistic regression models were performed to analyze the relationship between topical flurbiprofen and development of glaucoma and to predict potential risk factors for postoperative glaucoma occurrence. RESULTS Eighty-three eyes (65 dogs) were included. The mean age at surgery was 8.2 years, with even gender distribution. Increasing age at the time of surgery significantly increased the probability of postoperative glaucoma occurrence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.344, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.093-1.652; p = 0.005). Glaucoma occurred in 17/83 (20.5%) eyes; of these, 15/38 (39.5%) and 2/45 (4.4%) eyes were prescribed topical flurbiprofen plus corticosteroids and topical corticosteroids alone, respectively. Immediate postoperative use of topical flurbiprofen was significantly associated with an increased probability of postoperative glaucoma occurrence (OR = 19.183 [95% CI 3.367-109.286], p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Immediate postoperative use of topical flurbiprofen was a potential predisposing risk factor for the development of glaucoma following phacoemulsification. Restriction of postoperative use of topical flurbiprofen might decrease the possibility of postoperative glaucoma development in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeho Shim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Hirashima S, Takiyama N, Umeda Y. Outcome of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy via a lateral approach without proptosis of the globe: A retrospective study in 72 dogs (78 eyes). Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 25:23-30. [PMID: 34142759 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the postoperative visual outcome and complications of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) via a lateral approach without proptosis of the globe in dogs. PROCEDURES We reviewed the medical records of dogs diagnosed with giant rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) at Yokohama Animal Eye Clinic from 2016 to 2019 and treated by 25-gauge PPV. Medical records included signalment, follow-up time, etiology and duration of RRD, angle between the outermost trocar ports, immediate postoperative anatomic success rate, pre- and postoperative visual status, and postoperative complications. RESULTS Seventy-two dogs (78 eyes, 13 breeds) were included. The most common breed was the Toy Poodle (48.6%), and the mean follow-up time was 690.6 days. The most common etiology of RRD was cataract surgery (46.2%). The mean angle between the outermost trocar ports was 71.4º. Immediate postoperative anatomic success was noted in all eyes. Vision was regained or maintained in 87.2% of eyes, and the mean time to return of vision was 28.5 days. Maintenance of vision until the last known follow-up was noted in 73.5% of eyes. The most common postoperative complication was glaucoma (40.3%), and glaucoma was the most common etiology of postoperative vision loss (88.9%). CONCLUSION Twenty-five gauge PPV via a lateral approach without proptosis of the globe is a successful method for treating canine giant RRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Hirashima
- Yokohama Animal Eye Clinic, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan.,Chimura Animal Clinic, Iwakura-shi, Aichi, Japan
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Dowler KK, Middleton JR, Dufour S, Hood MA, Giuliano EA. Characterization of postoperative "fibrin web" formation after canine cataract surgery. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 24:37-47. [PMID: 32981182 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the occurrence and associated factors for "fibrin web" (FW) formation following phacoemulsification in dogs. METHODS A retrospective review of medical records of all dogs undergoing phacoemulsification (MU-Veterinary Health Center, 2014-2018) was conducted to associate FW formation with signalment, systemic co-morbidities, cataract stage, surgeon (resident vs faculty), phacoemulsification time, IOL, and intracameral injections including viscoelastic type. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations among variables with FW formation. RESULTS Data from 398 eyes on 201 dogs were included; 4 left eyes (4 dogs) developed presumptive endophthalmitis and were excluded from further analysis. Forty-eight eyes did not have cataract surgery. Hence, 350 eyes on 201 dogs were included in the analyses. Among these, 84 eyes (59 dogs) developed a FW. Univariate analyses showed that the odds of FW increased with age and phacoemulsification time. Additionally, FW web was associated lens type, lens brand, and viscoelastic type. Multivariate analyses showed that when comparing lens types in combination with a particular viscoelastic, viscoelastic impacted the estimated prevalence of FW formation the most. In contrast, when the data were analyzed by lens brand, lens brand impacted prevalence more than viscoelastic type. Diabetes mellitus was not associated with FW formation. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available data, intraocular lens implantation, viscoelastic type, dog age, and phacoemulsification time were associated with FW formation. Diabetes mellitus, gender, cataract stage, surgeon, intracameral injections other than viscoeleastic, and intra- and postoperative complications were not associated with FW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney K Dowler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John R Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Simon Dufour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret A Hood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Newbold GM, Chen T, Ward DA, Hendrix DVH. Efficacy of long-term topical flurbiprofen in limiting lens capsule opacities following phacoemulsification in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:714-720. [PMID: 32476246 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess lens capsule opacity (LCO) following phacoemulsification in dogs receiving long-term topical ophthalmic flurbiprofen sodium 0.03%. ANIMAL STUDIED Twenty-five client owned dogs undergoing phacoemulsification surgery for either diabetic or nondiabetic cataracts. METHODS Prospective, randomized, masked clinical study assessing two groups of dogs for twelve months following phacoemulsification. All dogs underwent a complete eye examination and were photographed at each visit, beginning three weeks post-surgery, and repeated at 2, 3, 6, and 12 months post-surgery. Post-operative treatment protocols were similar for both groups, except that Group F received topical flurbiprofen once daily for 12 months and Group A received artificial tears once daily for 12 months. Digital photographs were analyzed for LCO using a subjective grading scale (0-4). The change in capsular opacities from 3 weeks to 12 months post-surgery was evaluated for each dog, and the groups were compared. RESULTS There were 25 dogs evaluated post-phacoemulsification at each designated time point of the study. There were 12 dogs in Group A and 13 dogs in Group F. There was no significant statistical difference in LCO score between Groups A and F at baseline (3 weeks post-surgery), 6 months post-surgery, or 12 months post-surgery. Scores did not change significantly from baseline to 12 months within or between groups. CONCLUSIONS Topical ophthalmic flurbiprofen sodium 0.03% solution applied once daily for 12 months following phacoemulsification does not appear to lead to a decrease in LCO formation as compared to artificial tears control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Newbold
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Daniel A Ward
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Diane V H Hendrix
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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West MC, Sila GH, Aquino SM, Rose MD. Evaluation of vitreous degeneration as a potential risk factor for retinal detachment after phacoemulsification in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:721-729. [PMID: 32472635 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate vitreous degeneration as a potential risk factor for retinal detachment in dogs after phacoemulsification. METHODS Medical records for dogs with preoperative ocular ultrasound and phacoemulsification between September 28, 2006, and August 2, 2016, were reviewed. Ultrasound images were reviewed by two observers independently, and vitreous echogenicity was graded using an established scale. The following factors were compared between eyes with and without retinal detachment: signalment, operated eye, cataract stage at the time of surgery, and presence or absence of the following: lens-induced uveitis (LIU), glaucoma, anterior vitreous presentation, lens subluxation, history of prophylactic retinopexy, diabetes mellitus, operating surgeon, concurrent prophylactic retinopexy, posterior capsular tear, phacoemulsification duration, use of automated anterior vitrectomy, placement of an artificial intraocular lens, and intraocular lens type (polymethyl methacrylate or acrylic foldable). Total follow-up time was recorded. Presence and time from surgery to onset of complications were recorded. Retinal detachment was diagnosed based on observation via indirect ophthalmoscopy or ocular ultrasound. RESULTS Evaluation for association between vitreous degeneration and retinal detachment included 290 eyes of 180 dogs. There was no statistically significant correlation between vitreous degeneration and postoperative retinal detachment. Retinal detachment was observed in 17 of 290 eyes (5.9%). Vitreous degeneration was marked as present by at least one observer in 189 of 290 eyes (65%). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonically identifiable vitreous degeneration does not correlate with increased risk of retinal detachment following phacoemulsification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwen H Sila
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Southfield, MI, USA
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Boss C, La Croix N, Moore PA, Wilkie DA, Maggio F, Wiggans KT, Maggs DJ, Kaiser K, Sapienza JS, Kim K, Strauss R, van der Woerdt A, Schmidt G. Preliminary report of postoperative complications of phacoemulsification in Pugs: A multicenter retrospective study of 32 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:442-449. [PMID: 32162486 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare complication rates and visual outcomes following phacoemulsification in Pugs versus dogs of other breeds. ANIMALS STUDIED Thirty-two pure-bred Pugs (55 eyes) and 32 dogs of other breeds (56 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification. PROCEDURES Multi-institutional retrospective medical record review of perioperative factors, postoperative complications, and visual outcomes. The reference population of dogs of varying breeds included surgical cases following each Pug case at the same institutions. Perioperative risk factors and postoperative complication rates were compared between the two populations. RESULTS Pigmentary keratitis and diabetes mellitus were the most common preoperative comorbidities, found in 75% (P < .001) and 72% (P = .12) of Pugs, respectively. No perioperative factors were significantly associated with postoperative complications in Pugs. Postoperative complication rates were similar between groups; however, the most common complication in Pugs was corneal ulceration (15% of operated eyes), whereas glaucoma was most common in the reference population (13% of operated eyes). Three months postoperatively, vision was preserved in 91% of eyes of Pugs (50/55) and 95% of the reference population (53/56). One year postoperatively, 80% (32/40) of Pug eyes and 82% (28/34) of eyes in the reference population remained sighted. CONCLUSIONS Comorbidities and complications of cataract surgery in Pugs of this study demonstrate a predisposition for corneal disease. This highlights the importance of preoperative evaluation of factors associated with PK and corneal clarity, and postoperative monitoring for corneal ulceration in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Boss
- The Veterinary Medical Center of Long Island, West Islip, NY, USA
| | - Noelle La Croix
- The Veterinary Medical Center of Long Island, West Islip, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David J Maggs
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kay Kim
- Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY, USA
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Krishnan H, Hetzel S, McLellan GJ, Bentley E. Comparison of outcomes in cataractous eyes of dogs undergoing phacoemulsification versus eyes not undergoing surgery. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 23:286-291. [PMID: 31746126 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes of surgical intervention and nonsurgical management of canine cataracts. METHODS Records of patients examined for cataracts from January 2007 to February 2018 were divided into two groups: nonsurgical and surgical. The nonsurgical group was further subdivided based on whether the decision not to pursue surgery was elected by owners, or based on ophthalmologist's advice. Inclusion criteria included 6 months of follow-up. Success in the nonsurgical group was defined as a comfortable eye with no potentially painful complications, and success in the surgical group additionally required vision. Time-to-failure (complications) was assessed with Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A total of 72 eyes (41 dogs) were included in the nonsurgical group, and 126 eyes (67 dogs) were surgically treated. There was no difference in gender or age; however, the surgical group had significantly more diabetic eyes (56.3% vs 15.3%; P < .001) and patient eyes with longer follow-up times (median 37.6 months vs 22.1 months; P < .001) than the nonsurgical group. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates between the nonsurgical group (15/72 [20.8%]) and the surgical group (23/126 [18.3%]; HR: 2.22 [0.97, 5.0]; P = .060). However, the complication rate in the ophthalmologist-led nonsurgical group was significantly greater than in the owner-led nonsurgical group (P = .019) and the surgical group (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS When using relevant outcomes, whether or not a cataractous eye has surgery does not affect long-term complications; additionally, nonsurgical eyes that are poor surgical candidates have a higher complication rate than eyes deemed suitable for phacoemulsification for which owners elected not to pursue cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harathi Krishnan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott Hetzel
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ellison Bentley
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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15
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Ledbetter EC, Spertus CB, Kurtzman RZ. Incidence and characteristics of acute-onset postoperative bacterial and sterile endophthalmitis in dogs following elective phacoemulsification: 1,447 cases (1995-2015). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:201-208. [PMID: 29963957 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and determine the incidence of acute-onset (ie, developing ≤ 6 weeks after surgery) postoperative infectious and sterile endophthalmitis in dogs following elective cataract surgery. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 2,630 eyes of 1,447 dogs that underwent elective unilateral or bilateral cataract surgery by phacoemulsification at Cornell University from 1995 through 2015. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed to collect and summarize data regarding dog signalment, clinical findings, diagnostic test results, surgery characteristics, eye or eyes affected, concurrent major systemic diseases, treatments, and clinical outcome. RESULTS Infectious endophthalmitis developed in 4 eyes of 4 dogs during the follow-up period, representing 0.15% of eyes and 0.28% of dogs that underwent surgery. Unilateral sterile endophthalmitis developed in 3 (0.11%) eyes of 3 (0.21%) dogs. All cases of infectious endophthalmitis were unilateral and in pseudophakic eyes and followed bilateral cataract surgeries. Clinical signs consistent with infectious endophthalmitis developed a median of 18 days after surgery and included marked and progressive hypopyon; Staphylococcus or Streptococcus spp were recovered from aqueous and vitreous humor samples. All eyes with infectious endophthalmitis responded poorly to medical treatment and were enucleated. In 2 eyes with infectious endophthalmitis, corneal incision nonunion with epithelial downgrowth was identified histologically and postulated as the route of bacterial entry into the globe. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bacterial endophthalmitis following elective phacoemulsification was uncommon in the dogs of this study. Introduction of bacteria into the eye may occur during surgery or in the postoperative period from corneal incisions that fail to heal normally.
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16
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Hamzianpour N, Smith K, Dawson C, Rhodes M. Bilateral enucleation in dogs: A review of owner perceptions and satisfaction. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22:566-576. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinley Smith
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service West Midlands UK
| | - Charlotte Dawson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services Royal Veterinary College University of London Hatfield UK
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Guerra R, Cabeças R, Diaz J, Knott T, Freitas I, Vilhena H, Duarte S. Cataracts in Labrador Retriever and Jack Russell Terrier From the United Kingdom: A Two-Year Retrospective Study. Top Companion Anim Med 2018; 33:109-113. [PMID: 30502859 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cataracts are among the most common ocular diseases, and are a leading cause of vision loss in humans and dogs. Jack Russell Terriers (JRT) and Labrador Retrievers (LR) are among the most popular canine breeds in the United Kingdom, and also among the most affected by cataracts. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features and the surgical outcome of cataracts in JRT and LR in an ophthalmologic reference Veterinary Hospital in the United Kingdom. For that purpose, medical records from JRT and LR diagnosed with cataracts between January 2015 and December 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Data related to identification, clinical history, preoperative features, and surgical outcomes were analyzed. Forty-four dogs (81 eyes), including 26 JRT and 18 LR, were enrolled in the study. Mean ages were 10.2 ± 3.2 years in JRT and 8.5 ± 3.7 years in LR. Twenty-eight (63.6%) were females and 16 (36.4%) were males. Most dogs (84.1%) presented with bilateral cataracts. Nuclear and cortical cataracts were the most prevalent type in both breeds (JRT: n = 30, 61.2%; LR: n = 16, 50.0%), although subcapsular cataracts were also frequent in LR (n = 10, 31.3%). Significant differences in cataract location within the lens were detected between the two breeds (P = .002). Senile in JRT (n = 7) and genetic in LR (n = 7) were the most common etiologies. Concomitant ocular lesions were more frequent in dogs presented with cataracts in advanced stages, and included lens (n = 18; JRT: n = 15; LR: n = 3) and retinal alterations (n = 8; JRT: n = 2; LR: n = 6), and glaucoma (n = 6; JRT: n = 5; LR: n = 1). Thirty-three animals (75.0%, 51 eyes) were submitted to phacoemulsification with intraocular lens placement. Of these, 28 eyes (54.9%; JRT: n = 21; LR: n = 7) were visual, 19 eyes (37.3%; JRT: n = 11; LR: n = 8) presented impaired vision and four eyes (7.8%; JRT: n = 0; LR: n = 4) were blind at last clinical record. Postoperative complications were detected in 11 eyes (21.6%), and were more frequent in dogs presented with cataracts in advanced stages. These results and the multifactorial nature of cataracts call for further studies to identify and characterize the variables in a broader assessment, including other breeds and influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine/Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (DMV/CIVG), University School Vasco da Gama, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cabeças
- Department of Veterinary Medicine/Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (DMV/CIVG), University School Vasco da Gama, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jesus Diaz
- Rowe Veterinary Referrals-The Eye Clinic, Bradley Stoke, BS32 9DT Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Knott
- Rowe Veterinary Referrals-The Eye Clinic, Bradley Stoke, BS32 9DT Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Freitas
- Rowe Veterinary Referrals-The Eye Clinic, Bradley Stoke, BS32 9DT Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Vilhena
- Department of Veterinary Medicine/Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (DMV/CIVG), University School Vasco da Gama, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal; Baixo Vouga Veterinary Hospital, Estrada Nacional 1, 355, Segadães, 3750-742 Águeda, Portugal; The Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sofia Duarte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine/Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (DMV/CIVG), University School Vasco da Gama, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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Newbold GM, Kelch WJ, Chen T, Ward DA, Hendrix DVH. Phacoemulsification outcomes in Boston terriers as compared to non-Boston terriers: a retrospective study (2002-2015). Vet Ophthalmol 2018; 21:353-361. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M. Newbold
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; 2407 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - William J. Kelch
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; 2407 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Thomas Chen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; 2407 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Daniel A. Ward
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; 2407 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Diane V. H. Hendrix
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; 2407 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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19
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Foote BC, Pederson SL, Welihozkiy A, Stine JM, Carastro SM, Andrew SE, Michau TM. Retinal detachment and glaucoma in the Boston Terrier and Shih Tzu following phacoemulsification (135 patients): 2000-2014. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:240-248. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacy E. Andrew
- BluePearl Georgia Veterinary Specialists; Sandy Springs GA 30328 USA
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20
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Sandmeyer LS, Bauer BS, Mohaghegh Poor SM, Feng CX, Chirino-Trejo M. Alterations in conjunctival bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility during topical administration of ofloxacin after cataract surgery in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:207-214. [PMID: 28140645 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in conjunctival bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria after cataract surgery in dogs. ANIMALS 16 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES Samples for aerobic and anaerobic culture were obtained from the conjunctival fornices of both eyes of dogs 24 hours before (week 0) and 1, 3, and 6 weeks after cataract surgery. Topical administration of ofloxacin (every 6 hours) was initiated 12 hours before surgery and continued for 3 weeks. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and a commercially available test for ofloxacin. RESULTS Frequency of positive culture results was significantly higher at week 6 than at weeks 0 and 1. Bacterial load was more likely to be moderate or high at weeks 3 and 6 than at weeks 0 and 1. The most frequently cultured organism was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (21/78 [26.9%]), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp (19/78 [24.4%]). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the organism most frequently cultured at weeks 0 (5/12), 1 (4/12), and 6 (8/19), whereas frequency of this organism was lowest at week 3 (1/20). In contrast, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp were the most frequently cultured organisms at week 3 (10/20). There was a significant increase in the proportion of organisms resistant to ofloxacin at week 3, compared with the proportion at week 0. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The number of bacterial organisms increased and the population of conjunctival bacteria was altered and had a higher proportion resistant to ofloxacin during the 6 weeks after cataract surgery for dogs treated by use of this protocol.
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21
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Dees DD, Spahn KJ, Wagner LS, Greller A, Paglia D, Armour MD, Madsen R. Effect of prophylactic topical hypotensive medications in reducing the incidence of postoperative ocular hypertension after phacoemulsification in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 20:514-521. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Dustin Dees
- Eye Care for Animals; 12419 Metric Blvd Austin TX 78758 USA
| | - Kate J. Spahn
- South Texas Veterinary Ophthalmology; 503 E. Sonterra Blvd, Suite 102 San Antonio TX 78258 USA
| | - Lynsey Smith Wagner
- South Texas Veterinary Ophthalmology; 503 E. Sonterra Blvd, Suite 102 San Antonio TX 78258 USA
| | - Andrew Greller
- South Texas Veterinary Ophthalmology; 503 E. Sonterra Blvd, Suite 102 San Antonio TX 78258 USA
| | | | - Micki D. Armour
- Eye Care for Animals; 165 Fort Evans Road NE, Suite 107 Leesburg VA 20176 USA
| | - Richard Madsen
- University of Missouri Health System; One Hospital Drive Columbia MO 65212 USA
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22
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Gralla S, Fischer D, Olerth DV, Lierz M, Kramer M. Modified Evisceration in a Blue-Fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) as AN Ocular Treatment Option in Parrots. J Exot Pet Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hindley KE, Groth AD, King M, Graham K, Billson FM. Bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical characteristics of bacterial keratitis in dogs presenting to referral practice in Australia. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:418-26. [PMID: 26522379 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify clinical characteristics, bacterial isolates, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in a prospective study of dogs presenting with suspected bacterial keratitis to aid selection of appropriate therapy. ANIMALS Seventy-one client-owned dogs presenting to two referral hospitals in Australia. PROCEDURE Corneal swabs and clinical information were collected from dogs presenting with suspect bacterial keratitis from April 2012 to December 2014. Cytology and bacteriologic culture were performed on samples with in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility performed on bacterial isolates. RESULTS Positive cultures were obtained from 42 of the 71 ulcers sampled (59%), with 45 bacteria isolated. The most commonly isolated bacteria were β-hemolytic Streptococcus (14/45, 31%), Pseudomonas (14/45, 31%), and Staphylococcus species (8/45, 18%). β-Hemolytic Streptococcus spp. were resistant to neomycin, polymyxin B, gentamicin, framycetin and fusidic acid and >80% were resistant to ciprofloxacin but remained susceptible to chloramphenicol and cephalexin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, cephalexin, and fusidic acid; however, >90% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, polymyxin B, and gentamicin. Brachycephalic breed (34/42, 81%), previous ocular surgery (15/42, 36%), prior use of a topical corticosteroid (13/42, 31%), and concurrent ocular surface disease (10/42, 24%) were common in dogs with bacterial keratitis. CONCLUSION Our study identified β-hemolytic Streptococcus and Pseudomonas spp. as the most common bacterial pathogens in canine bacterial keratitis presenting for referral. Many cases exhibited clinical factors known to influence corneal integrity that may predispose them to ulceration and infection. Based on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and clinical outcomes, monotherapy with a fluoroquinolone may be ineffective in ulcers caused by β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Hindley
- Veterinary Ophthalmology, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Lvl 1, 1 Richardson Place, North Ryde, 2113, NSW, Australia.
| | - Allyson D Groth
- Veterinary Ophthalmology, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Lvl 1, 1 Richardson Place, North Ryde, 2113, NSW, Australia
| | - Martyn King
- Veterinary Ophthalmology, Rivergum Referral Services, Unit 1/26 Gympie Way, Willeton, 6155, WA, Australia
| | - Kathleen Graham
- Veterinary Ophthalmology, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Lvl 1, 1 Richardson Place, North Ryde, 2113, NSW, Australia
| | - F Mark Billson
- Veterinary Ophthalmology, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Lvl 1, 1 Richardson Place, North Ryde, 2113, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Sudden loss of vision is an ophthalmic emergency with numerous possible causes. Abnormalities may occur at any point within the complex vision pathway, from retina to optic nerve to the visual center in the occipital lobe. This article reviews specific prechiasm (retina and optic nerve) and cerebral cortical diseases that lead to acute blindness. Information regarding specific etiologies, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for vision is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Meekins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Health Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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25
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Colitz CMH, O'Connell K. Lens-Related Emergencies: Not Always So Clear. Top Companion Anim Med 2015; 30:81-5. [PMID: 26494499 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Emergencies involving the crystalline lens are not common; however, their clinical signs must be recognized quickly to begin treatment or referred immediately to improve the chances of retaining sight. The lens is a unique structure because of its immunologically privileged status and its imperative clarity for vision. Any insult to the lens capsule's integrity, its position within the globe, or to its clarity may result in undesirable sequelae.
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26
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Wilkie DA, Stone Hoy S, Gemensky-Metzler A, Colitz CMH. Safety study of capsular tension ring use in canine phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:409-15. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Wilkie
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43017 USA
| | | | - Anne Gemensky-Metzler
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43017 USA
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27
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Dorbandt DM, Moore PA, Myrna KE. Outcome of conjunctival flap repair for corneal defects with and without an acellular submucosa implant in 73 canine eyes. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:116-22. [PMID: 25047064 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report and compare the success rate of a conjunctival pedicle flap (CPF) alone vs. a CPF with an underlying acellular submucosa implant for the repair of deep or perforating corneal wounds in dogs. PROCEDURES Records of 69 dogs (73 eyes) receiving a CPF with or without an acellular submucosa implant between 2004 and 2012 were reviewed. Successful outcome was defined as a comfortable eye with vision at the last post-operative evaluation. Age, breed, underlying corneal disease, surgical time, lesion characteristics, topical therapies, and postoperative complications were investigated. RESULTS Groups consisted of dogs that had a CPF alone (n = 37) and dogs that had a CPF plus an acellular submucosa implant (n = 36). Age, lesion size, surgical time, and time to discontinuation of topical anti-proteolytic medications was not significant between groups. Topical antibiotic use was terminated 13 days sooner (P ≤ 0.01) in dogs with an acellular submucosa implant. The combined success rate of all corneal wounds was 93% with success rate of corneal perforations, descemetoceles, and deep stromal wounds being 89%, 95%, and 100%, respectively. There was no difference in overall success rate between groups. Increasing age was associated with a negative outcome (P ≤ 0.01). Lesion size, presence of a corneal perforation, and concurrent keratoconjunctivitis sicca was not associated with a negative outcome. CONCLUSIONS A comparable success rate is achieved for deep or perforating corneal wounds stabilized with a CPF alone vs. a CPF plus acellular submucosa. Glaucoma, persistent uveitis, and cataract formation were not reported as post-operative complications in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Dorbandt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Brookshire HL, English RV, Nadelstein B, Weigt AK, Gift BW, Gilger BC. Efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors in controlling inflammation and capsular opacification after phacoemulsification cataract removal. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:175-85. [PMID: 24636042 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of 0.9% bromfenac (Xibrom™) or a celecoxib-impregnated intraocular lens (celecoxib-IOL) compared with 1% prednisolone acetate (PA) in controlling postoperative inflammation and posterior capsule opacification (PCO). ANIMAL STUDIED Fifty-nine dogs undergoing cataract extraction by phacoemulsification. PROCEDURE Bilateral patients received bromfenac or celecoxib-IOL plus PA in one eye, and PA in the contralateral eye. Unilateral patients received bromfenac or PA. Complete ophthalmic examination including tonometry, slit-lamp grading of flare and PCO, and digital image acquisition for masked PCO evaluation was performed within 24 h and 1, 4, 12, 24, and 56 weeks following surgery. RESULTS Celecoxib-IOL/PA-treated eyes had significantly less flare than PA-treated eyes, which had significantly less flare than bromfenac-treated eyes 24 h postoperatively. There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) postoperatively, or at 1, 24, or 56 weeks. Celecoxib-IOL/PA-treated eyes had significantly lower IOP measurements than bromfenac and PA-treated eyes at 4 and 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in PCO level between groups using slit-lamp biomicroscopy at any time point. Masked evaluation of digital images revealed significantly less PCO in celecoxib-IOL/PA- vs. bromfenac-treated eyes at 4 weeks, and in bromfenac- vs. PA-treated eyes at 56 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Eyes receiving celecoxib-IOL/PA had better initial control of inflammation. Bromfenac was equally effective compared with PA in controlling inflammation. There was no association between COX-2 inhibitor administration and ocular hypertension. Celecoxib-IOL/PA-treated eyes showed better initial control of PCO (up to 12 weeks), while eyes receiving bromfenac had better long-term control of PCO (56 weeks).
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29
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Kang S, Jeong M, Ahn J, Lee E, Kim S, Park S, Yi K, Choi M, Seo K. Evaluation of fluid leakage into the canine vitreous humor during phacoemulsification using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:13-9. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Manbok Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Jaesang Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Euiri Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Sangwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Kangjae Yi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Mincheol Choi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
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Azoulay T, Dulaurent T, Isard PF, Poulain N, Goulle F. Chirurgie de la cataracte bilatérale immédiatement séquentielle chez le chien : une étude rétrospective de 128 cas (256 yeux). J Fr Ophtalmol 2013; 36:645-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Curto EM, Gemensky-Metzler AJ, Chandler HL, Wilkie DA. Equine glaucoma: a histopathologic retrospective study (1999-2012). Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:334-42. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Curto
- College of Optometry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Anne J. Gemensky-Metzler
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Heather L. Chandler
- College of Optometry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - David A. Wilkie
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
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Scott EM, Esson DW, Fritz KJ, Dubielzig RR. Major breed distribution of canine patients enucleated or eviscerated due to glaucoma following routine cataract surgery as well as common histopathologic findings within enucleated globes. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 16 Suppl 1:64-72. [PMID: 23406449 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the most significantly represented breeds that were enucleated or eviscerated due to intractable glaucoma following elective cataract surgery and to describe the major histopathologic features of enucleated globes. METHODS A retrospective review of the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin database revealed 153 canine evisceration or enucleation submissions that met inclusion criteria. The most commonly represented breeds were identified, and enucleated globes of these breeds were further evaluated histologically (n = 69). Following standard hematoxylin & eosin staining, globes were evaluated for the presence of; corneal pathology, goniodysgenesis, pigment dispersion, pre-iridal fibrovascular membranes (PIFVMs), peripheral anterior, and/or posterior synechiation, inflammatory infiltrates, lens pathology, retinal pathology, and/or endophthalmitis. RESULTS The most significantly represented breeds were the Cocker Spaniel (11.7%), Boston Terrier (10.5%), Labrador Retriever (6.5%), Bichon Frise (6.5%), Shih Tzu (5.8%), and Jack Russell Terrier (5.8%). Common histopathologic findings included inflammatory keratitis, the presence of PIFVMs, and lymphoplasmacytic uveal infiltrates. CONCLUSIONS The Cocker Spaniel, Boston Terrier, Labrador Retriever, Bichon Frise, Shih Tzu, and Jack Russell Terrier may be at increased risk of the development of glaucoma following elective cataract surgery. These findings have potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Scott
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Leiva M, Peña T, Bayón A, de León M, Morales I. Phacoemulsification considerations in nonhuman primates. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:317-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2012.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Leiva
- Servei d'Oftalmologia Veterinària; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona; Spain
| | - Teresa Peña
- Servei d'Oftalmologia Veterinària; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona; Spain
| | - Alejandro Bayón
- Servicio de Oftalmología; Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Hospital Veterinario Universidad de Murcia; Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo; Murcia; Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Morales
- Servicio de Oftalmología; Hospital Docente, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Spain
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Steele KA, Sisler S, Gerding PA. Outcome of retinal reattachment surgery in dogs: a retrospective study of 145 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 15 Suppl 2:35-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Binder DR, Herring IP, Zimmerman KL, Phillip Pickett J, Huckle WR. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and -2 in normal and diseased canine eyes. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 15:223-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sandberg CA, Herring IP, Huckle WR, LeRoith T, Pickett JP, Rossmeisl JH. Aqueous humor vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs: association with intraocular disease and the development of pre-iridal fibrovascular membrane. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 15 Suppl 1:21-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Moeller E, Blocker T, Esson D, Madsen R. Postoperative glaucoma in the Labrador Retriever: incidence, risk factors, and visual outcome following routine phacoemulsification. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 14:385-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Klein HE, Krohne SG, Moore GE, Stiles J. Postoperative complications and visual outcomes of phacoemulsification in 103 dogs (179 eyes): 2006-2008. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 14:114-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Martins BC, Rodrigues Jr EF, Souza AL, Almeida DE, Brito FL, Canola JC, Brooks D, Laus JL. A and B mode ultrasonography in preoperative evaluation of lens and posterior segment of dogs eyes with cataract. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonography of the lens and posterior segment is an indispensable step in the preoperative evaluation of dogs with cataracts, since ophthalmoscopy is not feasible when there is opacification of the lens. This study evaluated the echographic conditions of cataractous lens and fundus of the eye in dogs affected by cataracts. The study was conducted in 30 dogs (56 eyes), 10 males and 20 females, with different types of cataracts at different stages of development. Echography in A and B modes, simultaneously, was carried out for the examination of the lens and posterior segment. The examinations revealed anterior cortical, posterior cortical and nuclear cataract in 12 eyes (21.4%), anterior cortical, posterior cortical, nuclear and posterior capsular in 23 eyes (41%), anterior cortical, posterior cortical and posterior capsular cataract in one eye (1.7%), anterior cortical and nuclear cataract in one eye (1.7%), anterior cortical, nuclear and posterior capsular cataract in five eyes (8.9%), and anterior cortical cataract in seven eyes (12.5%). Abnormal ultrasonographic alterations were observed in the posterior segment in 26 eyes evaluated (46.4%). Vitreal degeneration was detected in 12 eyes (21.4%), images of vitreal exudate or hemorrhage in seven eyes (12.5%), persistence of hyaloid artery in four eyes (7.1%) and lens subluxation in three eyes (5.3%). The results obtained reiterate the importance of ultrasonography in canine patients presented for cataract surgery given that alterations of the posterior segment are difficult to identify in a clinical examination when the lens is opacified.
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Zarfoss MK, Breaux CB, Whiteley HE, Hamor RE, Flaws JA, Labelle P, Dubielzig RR. Canine pre-iridal fibrovascular membranes: morphologic and immunohistochemical investigations. Vet Ophthalmol 2010; 13:4-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2009.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is not to specifically discuss the techniques of veterinary cataract surgery, but rather to emphasize some of the differences between the veterinary and human cataract patients, procedures and outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS In general, veterinary cataract surgery has more similarities than differences when compared to its human counterpart. This is especially true when comparing pediatric cataract patients. Veterinary cataract surgery has changed dramatically in recent years with regards to surgical technique, ocular pharmacology, viscoelastic devices, phacoemulsification, and the most recent advancement, intraocular lens implantation for dogs, cats, and horses. SUMMARY It is hoped that the exchange of information between the human and veterinary specialties can be of benefit to both groups as we all work to improve outcomes and resolve complications.
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Abstract
The morphology of a duplication phenomenon of the canine Descemet's membrane (DM) is described in relation to signalment, history, and ocular disease status. Sixty-six canine eyes from the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin archives between 2000 and 2007 were examined. All cases were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), while 14 cases were additionally stained with Masson's trichrome, picrosirius red, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (CK), vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination was performed in 3 corneas and in 1 normal control eye. Alcian blue PAS staining and TEM confirmed the basement membrane nature of the abnormal secondary DM. The thickness of the first DM, referred to as the corneal layer (CL) and the second or anterior chamber layer (ACL), were nearly the same, with no significant difference seen ( P = .93). In 39% (26/66) of the eyes, a fibrous, collagenous matrix component was present between the CL and ACL, which contains vimentin-positive and α-SMA-negative spindle cells (14/14).The corneal endothelial cells in 7/14 eyes stained weakly with CK and strongly in 2 additional eyes. The most frequent histopathologically confirmed, clinical ocular histories were chronic glaucoma in 76% (50/66) of eyes, previous intraocular surgery in 36% (24/66), lens luxation in 21% (4/66), and blunt trauma in 15% (10/66) of the cases. We speculate that activation and migration of endothelial cells, in association with trauma or lens contact, play a role in the pathogenesis of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Kafarnik
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Comparative Ocular Research Laboratories of Wisconsin
| | - C. J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UW-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - R. R. Dubielzig
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Comparative Ocular Research Laboratories of Wisconsin
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Peña M, Naranjo C, Klauss G, Fondevila D, Leiva M, Roura X, Davidson M, Dubielzig R. Histopathological Features of Ocular Leishmaniosis in the Dog. J Comp Pathol 2008; 138:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Grozdanic SD, Matic M, Betts DM, Sakaguchi DS, Kardon RH. Recovery of canine retina and optic nerve function after acute elevation of intraocular pressure: implications for canine glaucoma treatment. Vet Ophthalmol 2007; 10 Suppl 1:101-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Appel SL, Maggs DJ, Hollingsworth SR, Kass PH. Evaluation of client perceptions concerning outcome of cataract surgery in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 228:870-5. [PMID: 16536695 DOI: 10.2460/javma.228.6.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare client perception of outcome of phacoemulsification in dogs with information obtained from medical records. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 108 dogs (203 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification from May 1999 through April 2004. PROCEDURE Data obtained from medical records included signalment, presence of diabetes mellitus, cataract stage, whether surgery was unilateral or bilateral, intraocular lens (IOL) placement, and postoperative complications. Owners completed a survey concerning outcome of phacoemulsification in their dog. Survey responses from owners classified as satisfied or dissatisfied with the outcome of phacoemulsification on the basis of their willingness, in retrospect, to have the surgery performed again were compared. RESULTS Data from medical records and survey responses were available for 108 dogs (203 eyes). Median follow-up was 3 months via medical record review and 12 months via owner survey responses. Most (81%) owners were satisfied with outcome. The most common reason for dissatisfaction was loss of vision after surgery; however, most dissatisfied owners did not return their dog for examinations. Owner perception of success was not associated with patient age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, cataract stage, or IOL placement in at least 1 eye but was associated with perceived improvement of their pet's vision and activity level. Dissatisfied owners were significantly more likely to report that explanation of risks and complications before surgery was inadequate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Owner perception of outcome after phacoemulsification in dogs was highly favorable. However, surgical risks and the importance of postoperative examinations, particularly in dogs undergoing visual deterioration, must be conveyed to clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry L Appel
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Sigle KJ, Nasisse MP. Long-term complications after phacoemulsification for cataract removal in dogs: 172 cases (1995–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 228:74-9. [PMID: 16426170 DOI: 10.2460/javma.228.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine common postoperative complications and risk factors for development of postoperative glaucoma or failure to preserve vision after phacoemulsification for cataract removal in dogs. Design-Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 172 dogs (290 eyes) that underwent phacoemulsification surgery for cataract removal. PROCEDURE Medical records were reviewed for postoperative complications; prevalence rates for each complication were calculated for follow-up periods of 3 months, > 3 to 6 months, > 6 months to 1 year, > 1 to 2 years, > 2 to 3 years, > 3 to 4 years, and > 4 years. Odds ratios for breed, age, sex, cataract hypermaturity, lens-induced uveitis, and diabetes mellitus were determined with respect to glaucoma and failure (ie, blindness, enucleation, or evisceration). RESULTS The most common complication was mild posterior capsule opacification. Retinal detachment was uncommon (1% to 2%) for all time periods. Prevalence of glaucoma increased with time, although it remained < 10% until after the 1-year follow-up period. Boston Terriers, Cocker Spaniels, Cocker Spaniel-Poodle crosses, and Shih Tzus had increased risk of developing glaucoma. Eyes with hypermature cataracts were more likely to develop glaucoma. Prevalence of failure increased with time, although it remained < 10% until after the 3-year follow-up period. Cocker Spaniel-Poodle cross and Shih Tzus were more likely to have failure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Evaluation of breed and cataract hypermaturity may aid in the selection of patients. The increasing prevalence of postoperative complications with time indicated that longterm monitoring is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Sigle
- Carolina Veterinary Specialists, 501 Nicholas Rd, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA
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Zeiss CJ, Dubielzig RR. A morphologic study of intravitreal membranes associated with intraocular hemorrhage in the dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2004; 7:239-43. [PMID: 15200620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2004.04033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract We aimed to characterize intravitreal membranes in dogs and determine, if possible, associated predisposing conditions. Five globes in which intravitreal membranes were identified were evaluated. These originated from four Labrador Retrievers or Labrador-cross dogs and a Springer Spaniel. The ages of the dogs ranged from 4 to 11 years. Standard histology and immunohistochemical procedures for factor VIII-related antigen, smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were performed. Intravitreal membranes varied from loosely to highly organized. The extent of organization corresponded with increasing immunoreactivity for vimentin and GFAP, indicating their predominantly glial origin. They were never immunopositive for smooth muscle actin, nor were they vascularized. In all cases, they were associated with intravitreal hemorrhage. Additional common findings included epiretinal membranes, retinal neovascularization, preiridal fibrovascular membranes and glaucoma. Intravitreal membranes may be a sequelae of intravitreal hemorrhage. This in turn, may arise from new vessels associated with epiretinal or preiridial membranes, or hemorrhage associated with optic disc cupping or retinal neovascularization. All of these phenomena may accompany glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Zeiss
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06437, USA.
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