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Zou L, Mao S, Liu S, Zhang L, Yang T, Hu Y, Ding Q, Jiang H. Ureteral reconstruction using a tapered non-vascularized bladder graft: an experimental study in a canine animal model. BMC Urol 2017; 17:97. [PMID: 29058592 PMCID: PMC5651644 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reconstruction of ureteral defects and strictures remains problematic for urologists. We aimed to investigate the possibility of a tapered non-vascularized bladder graft as a novel substitute for ureteral reconstruction. Methods This experimental study was conducted on nine beagles. Under general anesthesia, a full-thickness graft with 5–6 cm in length was disassociated from the anterior upper wall of the bladder, and tapered into 1/3 to 1/2 thickness, remaining the urothelial surface. After removal of 5 cm of right-sided mid-ureter, the tapered bladder graft was tubularized along the long axis and then respectively anastomosed to the upper and lower stumps of the ureter. A retrograde urography through a cystostomy was performed 8 weeks after the ureteral reconstruction. The animals were euthanized, and histopathologic examinations of the neoureters were performed. Results There were no severe complications during postoperative follow-up. The urography indicated patent urine excretion and no fistula or stenosis. Histopathologic examinations of the neoureters showed open lumen with urothelial lining. Nutrient vessels were observed in healthy submucosa, lamina muscularis and peripheral connective tissue. Conclusions Our study implied that ureteral reconstruction by a tapered non-vascularized bladder graft was anatomically possible in our animal model. Further studies are expected to confirm long-term and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Zou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhua Mao
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Liu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Kuzaka B, Borkowski T, Kuzaka P, Szostek G. Lack of usefulness of ureteral reconstruction with free bladder mucosa flap in dogs confirmed by microangiography. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1117-20. [PMID: 24980521 PMCID: PMC4089778 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data addressing the blood supply in the surgically reconstructed ureter, and complete lack of microangiographic studies of the reconstructed ureter with the use of a free bladder mucosa flap. The present study evaluated the blood supply in the reconstructed dog ureter after a 5-centimeter segment resection, supplemented by a tube constructed from a free bladder mucosa flap. MATERIAL AND METHODS Female mongrel dogs (n=29) were used in this study. Under general anaesthesia, a 5-centimeter autologous free bladder mucosa flap was used to construct a tube, which was afterwards grafted to replace a 5-centimeter ureter resection. After a period of 3 months (n=2) and after 1 year (n=2), microangiography was performed to assess the revascularization of the grafted ureter. RESULTS In our study, we observed the continuity of the ureter, but the grafted reconstruction was narrowed by the cicatrization in about 86% (n=25) of cases. This resulted in the development of hydronephrosis, as described in previous publications. The ureteral wall was covered by a normal urothelium, but consisted of fibrous connective tissue, which failed to restore a regular (normal) coat. The reconstructed segment showed no smooth muscle cells. A few smooth monocytes were found only at the border with intact portions of the ureter. The microangiography performed at the end of the experiments showed no vascularization of the restored segment of the ureter. CONCLUSIONS The experiments showed a whole regeneration of urothelium in the transected and reanastomosed ureters. However, there was no regeneration of the muscular coat and a complete lack of revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolesław Kuzaka
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Borkowski
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuzaka
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Teaching Hospital (CMKP), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szostek
- Department of Surgery, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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Fu WJ, Wang ZX, Li G, Cui FZ, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Comparison of a biodegradable ureteral stent versus the traditional double-J stent for the treatment of ureteral injury: an experimental study. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:065002. [PMID: 23047290 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/6/065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ureteral injury remains a major clinical problem; here we developed a biodegradable ureteral stent and compared its effectiveness with a double-J stent for treating ureteral injury. Eighteen dogs with injured ureters were subdivided into two groups. In group A, one injured ureter was treated with a biodegradable stent, whereas only end-to-end anastomosis was performed on the other side. In group B, one injured ureter was treated with a biodegradable stent, while a double-J stent was used on the other side. Intravenous urography, radioactive renography, histological examinations, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental composition analysis were performed at 40, 80 and 120 days postoperatively. Results showed that the biodegradable stent could effectively prevent hydronephrosis and hydroureter secondary to ureteral injury. Moreover all biodegradable stents gradually degraded and discharged completely in 120 days. SEM and elemental composition analysis of the surface of the double-J stent confirmed calcification at 80 days and calcific plaque at 120 days, while no signs of calcification were found in the biodegradable stent group. Histological studies found no difference between the biodegradable stented ureters and double-J stented ureters. It is concluded that the biodegradable ureteral stent was more advantageous than the double-J stent for treating ureteral injury in a canine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Fu
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Military Postgraduate Medical College, No 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China.
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Ibrahim ME, Ezzat MM, Ezzat WM. The use of seromuscular tapered ileal tube in ureteral replacement: an experimental model. Int Urol Nephrol 2009; 42:697-701. [PMID: 20013053 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-009-9672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the capability of urothelium to proliferate, creep and line the inner surface of the interposed seromuscular tapered ileal tube. MATERIALS AND METHODS Under general anesthesia, 15 female dogs underwent resection of 5 cm of the mid ureter and replaced with tapered seromuscular ileal tube stented for 6 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, and cross section of the ileal ureters were examined histologically for the lining cells. RESULTS Multilayer of transitional epithelium was seen covering all the inner surface of the interposed seromuscular tube at the end of 6 weeks. Excessive inflammatory cell infiltration was a prominent finding in the submucosal layer. CONCLUSION Transitional epithelium has the capability to proliferate, grow and cover the inner surface of the interposed seromuscular ileal tube. Urothelium lining avoid the metabolic complications of the intestinal mucosa.
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Abstract
The most common cause of ureteral obstruction in dogs and cats is ureteral calculi. Common clinical signs associated with ureteral obstruction include abnormalities in urination, persistent urinary tract infection, abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss,and depression or lethargy. Medical management of ureteral obstruction includes fluid diuresis, muscle relaxants, and treatment of azotemia using nephrostomy tubes or hemodialysis. Surgical techniques used to restore patency to the ureter include ureterotomy,partial ureterectomy and ureteroneocystostomy, and ureteral resection and anastomosis. Lithotripsy has been used in dogs to remove ureteral calculi. Renal function can be preserved if complete ureteral obstruction is relieved within several days of onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Hardie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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THE MORPHOLOGICAL, IN SITU EFFECTS OF A SELF-REINFORCED BIOABSORBABLE POLYLACTIDE (SR-PLA 96) URETERIC STENT; AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. J Urol 2000. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200010000-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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LUMIAHO JUHA, HEINO ANTERO, PIETILÄINEN TIMO, ALA-OPAS MARTTI, TALJA MARTTI, VÄLIMAA TERO, TÖRMÄLÄ PERTTI. THE MORPHOLOGICAL, IN SITU EFFECTS OF A SELF-REINFORCED BIOABSORBABLE POLYLACTIDE (SR-PLA 96) URETERIC STENT; AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. J Urol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)67199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JUHA LUMIAHO
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, the Department of Surgery, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, and the Institute of Biomaterials, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - ANTERO HEINO
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, the Department of Surgery, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, and the Institute of Biomaterials, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - TIMO PIETILÄINEN
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, the Department of Surgery, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, and the Institute of Biomaterials, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - MARTTI ALA-OPAS
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, the Department of Surgery, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, and the Institute of Biomaterials, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - MARTTI TALJA
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, the Department of Surgery, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, and the Institute of Biomaterials, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - TERO VÄLIMAA
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, the Department of Surgery, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, and the Institute of Biomaterials, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - PERTTI TÖRMÄLÄ
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, the Department of Surgery, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, and the Institute of Biomaterials, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Conlin
- Department of Urology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leonard G. Gomella
- Department of Urology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Demetrius H. Bagley
- Department of Urology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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