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Singh R, Kaur N, Praba UP, Kaur G, Tanin MJ, Kumar P, Neelam K, Sandhu JS, Vikal Y. A Prospective Review on Selectable Marker-Free Genome Engineered Rice: Past, Present and Future Scientific Realm. Front Genet 2022; 13:882836. [PMID: 35754795 PMCID: PMC9219106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.882836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a staple food crop, rice has gained mainstream attention in genome engineering for its genetic improvement. Genome engineering technologies such as transgenic and genome editing have enabled the significant improvement of target traits in relation to various biotic and abiotic aspects as well as nutrition, for which genetic diversity is lacking. In comparison to conventional breeding, genome engineering techniques are more precise and less time-consuming. However, one of the major issues with biotech rice commercialization is the utilization of selectable marker genes (SMGs) in the vector construct, which when incorporated into the genome are considered to pose risks to human health, the environment, and biodiversity, and thus become a matter of regulation. Various conventional strategies (co-transformation, transposon, recombinase systems, and MAT-vector) have been used in rice to avoid or remove the SMG from the developed events. However, the major limitations of these methods are; time-consuming, leftover cryptic sequences in the genome, and there is variable frequency. In contrast to these methods, CRISPR/Cas9-based marker excision, marker-free targeted gene insertion, programmed self-elimination, and RNP-based delivery enable us to generate marker-free engineered rice plants precisely and in less time. Although the CRISPR/Cas9-based SMG-free approaches are in their early stages, further research and their utilization in rice could help to break the regulatory barrier in its commercialization. In the current review, we have discussed the limitations of traditional methods followed by advanced techniques. We have also proposed a hypothesis, “DNA-free marker-less transformation” to overcome the regulatory barriers posed by SMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajveer Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Umesh Preethi Praba
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gurwinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mohammad Jafar Tanin
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kumari Neelam
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh Sandhu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Börjesson V, Martinez-Monleon A, Fransson S, Kogner P, Johnsen JI, Milosevic J, López MD. TC-hunter: identification of the insertion site of a transgenic gene within the host genome. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:149. [PMID: 35184734 PMCID: PMC8859905 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transgenic animal models are crucial for the study of gene function and disease, and are widely utilized in basic biological research, agriculture and pharma industries. Since the current methods for generating transgenic animals result in the random integration of the transgene under study, the phenotype may be compromised due to disruption of known genes or regulatory regions. Unfortunately, most of the tools that predict transgene insertion sites from high-throughput data are not publicly available or not properly maintained. Results We implemented TC-hunter, Transgene-Construct hunter, an open tool that identifies transgene insertion sites and provides simple reports and visualization aids. It relies on common tools used in the analysis of high-throughput data and makes use of chimeric reads and discordant read pairs to identify and support the transgenic insertion site. To demonstrate its applicability, we applied TC-hunter to four transgenic mice samples harboring the human PPM1D gene, a model used in the study of malignant tumor development. We identified the transgenic insertion site in each sample and experimentally validated them with Touchdown-polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing. Conclusions TC-hunter is an accessible bioinformatics tool that can automatically identify transgene insertion sites from DNA sequencing data with high sensitivity (98%) and precision (92.45%). TC-hunter is a valuable tool that can aid in evaluating any potential phenotypic complications due to the random integration of the transgene and can be accessed at https://github.com/bcfgothenburg/SSF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08376-0.
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Han C, Liu B, Zhong W. Effects of transgenic Bt rice on the active rhizospheric methanogenic archaeal community as revealed by DNA-based stable isotope probing. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1094-1107. [PMID: 29846995 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the influence of planting Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac gene expressing rice (Bt rice) on rhizospheric active methanogenic archaeal communities. METHODS AND RESULTS The nontransgenic parental line was used as the control (Ck rice). DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) technology traced the rhizospheric active methanogens at the tillering stage. The results revealed significantly lower CH4 emission flux from Bt soil than that from Ck soil during the whole growth period. The active methanogenic community composition remained stable. The RC-I lineage (77·9-79·8%) and Methanosaetaceae (13·9-15·1%) were the predominant active methanogens in Bt and Ck rice rhizospheres. However, the abundance of functionally active methanogens in the Bt rice rhizosphere was significantly reduced. Lower levels of root exudates (that included carbohydrate and organic acids) from Bt rice were also detected at the tillering stage. CONCLUSION This study found that the genetic modification of rice reduced the potential methanogenic substrates came from plant-derived root exudates, which represented an important factor in reducing CH4 generation and active methanogenic archaeal abundance in Bt rhizosphere soil. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The effect of genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant crops on soil micro-organisms has become an issue of public concern, especially the indirect effect of plant metabolisms caused by the insertion of foreign genes. Methanogenesis, which is regarded as a critical ecological process in paddy soil, is influenced by plant root exudates; these are mainly derived from photosynthesis. The variations in root exudates across the Bt and Ck rice suggested the indirect influence of foreign gene insertion. DNA-SIP successfully traced the active methanogenic archaeal populations assimilating 13 C-labelled photosynthetic carbon and found a strong influence of planting Bt rice on active methanogens. As a consequence, we proposed that analysis of functionally active micro-organisms is more suitable for monitoring and predicting the environmental influence of GM plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University - Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University - Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - B Liu
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - W Zhong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University - Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University - Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Majumder S, Sarkar C, Saha P, Gotyal BS, Satpathy S, Datta K, Datta SK. Bt Jute Expressing Fused δ-Endotoxin Cry1Ab/Ac for Resistance to Lepidopteran Pests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2188. [PMID: 29354143 PMCID: PMC5758602 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Jute (Corchorus sp.) is naturally occurring, biodegradable, lignocellulosic-long, silky, golden shiny fiber producing plant that has great demands globally. Paper and textile industries are interested in jute because of the easy availability, non-toxicity and high yield of cellulosic biomass produced per acre in cultivation. Jute is the major and most industrially used bast fiber-producing crop in the world and it needs protection from insect pest infestation that decreases its yield and quality. Single locus integration of the synthetically fused cry1Ab/Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in Corchorus capsularis (JRC 321) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated shoot tip transformation provided 5 potent Bt jute lines BT1, BT2, BT4, BT7 and BT8. These lines consistently expressed the Cry1Ab/Ac endotoxin ranging from 0.16 to 0.35 ng/mg of leaf, in the following generations (analyzed upto T4). The effect of Cry1Ab/Ac endotoxin was studied against 3 major Lepidopteran pests of jute- semilooper (Anomis sabulifera Guenee), hairy caterpillar (Spilarctia obliqua Walker) and indigo caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua Hubner) by detached leaf and whole plant insect bioassay on greenhouse-grown transgenic plants. Results confirm that larvae feeding on transgenic plants had lower food consumption, body size, body weight and dry weight of excreta compared to non-transgenic controls. Insect mortality range among transgenic feeders was 66-100% for semilooper and hairy caterpillar and 87.50% for indigo caterpillar. Apart from insect resistance, the transgenic plants were at par with control plants in terms of agronomic parameters and fiber quality. Hence, these Bt jutes in the field would survive Lepidopteran pest infestation, minimize harmful pesticide usage and yield good quality fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvobrata Majumder
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Chirabrata Sarkar
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Prosanta Saha
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Bheemanna S. Gotyal
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Subrata Satpathy
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Karabi Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Swapan K. Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Agriculture, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
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Song J, Niu B, Wang D, Zhang F. Quantifying the measurement uncertainty of the nopaline synthase terminator in mixed samples of genetically modified rice using a bottom-up approach. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li Y, Li J, Wu Y, Cao Y, Li J, Zhu L, Li X, Huang S, Wu G. Successful detection of foreign inserts in transgenic rice TT51-1 (BT63) by RNA-sequencing combined with PCR. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1634-1639. [PMID: 27436567 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As event-specific sequence information for most unauthorised genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is currently still unavailable, detecting unauthorised GMOs remains challenging. Here, we used insect-resistant rice TT51-1 as an example to develop a novel approach via detecting GMOs by RNA-seq (sequencing) and PCR. RNA-seq of TT51-1 generated 4.8 million (M) 21-nt cDNA tags. Alignment to the Oryza sativa subsp. japonica reference genome revealed 24 098 unmapped tags. Foreign tags from the nopaline synthetic enzyme gene (NOS) terminator and insect-resistant genes were then identified by searching against the NCBI VecScreen and NT databases. RESULTS To further isolate foreign DNA sequences, putative NOS terminator and insect-resistant gene tags were combined and used directly as primer pairs for long-range PCR, producing a 5016-bp fragment. The inserted DNA sequence of TT51-1 has been submitted to a database, and thus, similarity analysis using the database could identify a test sample. CONCLUSION The novel approach has a great potential for application to the detection and identification of unauthorised GMOs in food and feed products. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yinglong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shunmou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Chakraborty M, Sairam Reddy P, Laxmi Narasu M, Krishna G, Rana D. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of commercially elite rice restorer line using nptII gene as a plant selection marker. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 22:51-60. [PMID: 27186018 PMCID: PMC4840146 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of commercially important indica cultivars remains challenging for the scientific community even though Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for a few indica rice lines have been well established. We report successful transformation of a commercially important restorer line JK1044R of indica rice hybrid JKRH 401. While following existing protocol, we optimized several parameters for callusing, regeneration and genetic transformation of JK1044R. Calli generated from the rice scutellum tissue were used for transformation by Agrobacterium harboring pCAMBIA2201. A novel two tire selection scheme comprising of Geneticin (G418) and Paramomycin were deployed for selection of transgenic calli as well as regenerated plantlets that expressed neomycin phosphotransferase-II gene encoded by the vector. One specific combination of G418 (30 mg l(-1)) and Paramomycin (70 mg l(-1)) was very effective for calli selection. Transformed and selected calli were detected by monitoring the expression of the reporter gene uidA (GUS). Regenerated plantlets were confirmed through PCR analysis of nptII and gus genes specific primers as well as dot blot using gus gene specific as probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Chakraborty
- />Department of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), Hyderabad, Telangana 500072 India
- />Biotechnology Division, J.K Agri. Genetics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana 500016 India
| | - P. Sairam Reddy
- />Biotechnology Division, J.K Agri. Genetics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana 500016 India
| | - M. Laxmi Narasu
- />Department of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), Hyderabad, Telangana 500072 India
| | - Gaurav Krishna
- />Biotechnology Division, J.K Agri. Genetics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana 500016 India
- />Jacob School of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (Formerly Allahabad Agricultural Institute), Deemed University, Allahabad, 211007 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Debashis Rana
- />Biotechnology Division, J.K Agri. Genetics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana 500016 India
- />Bayer CropScience-Seeds, Bayer (South East Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
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Ganguly M, Molla KA, Karmakar S, Datta K, Datta SK. Development of pod borer-resistant transgenic chickpea using a pod-specific and a constitutive promoter-driven fused cry1Ab/Ac gene. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:2555-65. [PMID: 25252910 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We studied pod-specific msg promoter from soybean and developed different transgenic lines of chickpea expressing fused cry1Ab/Ac constitutively and pod specifically for resistance against the destructive pest Helicoverpa armigera. Crystal (Cry) proteins derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) play an important role in controlling infestation of Helicoverpa armigera, which has been considered a serious problem in chickpea productivity. This study was undertaken to overcome the problem by introducing fused cry1Ab/Ac insecticidal gene under the control of pod-specific soybean msg promoter as well as rice actin1 promoter into chickpea var. DCP 92-3 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic chickpea lines were characterized by real-time PCR, ELISA and insect bioassay. Expression of fused cry gene under constitutive and pod-specific promoter results in increase of 77- and 110-fold, respectively, compared to non-transgenic control plants. Levels of Cry toxins produced under the control of actin1 and soybean msg promoter were also estimated by ELISA in the leaves and pods, respectively. The higher expression of fused cry gene caused a lethal effect in larvae. The results of insect bioassay study revealed significant reduction in the survival rate of H. armigera reared on transgenic chickpea twigs as well as on pods. Pod-specific promoter-driven fused cry gene provides better and significant management strategy of pest control of chickpea without phenotypic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ganguly
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
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9
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Wang X, Chen X, Xu J, Wang P, Shen W. Multiplex event-specific qualitative polymerase chain reaction for detecting three transgenic rice lines and application of a standard plasmid as a quantitative reference molecule. Anal Biochem 2014; 464:1-8. [PMID: 25026190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The three most well-known genetically modified (GM) rice lines in China are TT51-1, KMD1, and KF6. The purposes of this study were to establish a multiplex event-specific qualitative polymerase chain reaction (meqPCR) system for simultaneous detection of the three transgenic rice events and to construct a plasmid as the reference molecule for quantitative analysis. Event-specific primers for each event were selected or designed by focusing on the transgene borders between the inserted DNA and the flanking rice DNA. The developed meqPCR was anticipated to detect distinct amplicons as 454, 398, 301, and 250bp from KF6, KMD1, TT51-1, and the rice endogenous reference gene, respectively. The robustness of the meqPCR was tested with different levels of the three transgenic rice genomic DNAs, and the sensitivity threshold of the meqPCR was at least 50ng of 0.1% rice DNA for each event when the three transgenic rice events present and with other GM materials together. The constructed plasmid was evaluated using mixed samples with known GM contents in real-time quantitative PCR. The results indicated that the constructed plasmid was acceptable and suitable for GM rice quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhang G, Sun H, Li F, Yang S, Xu XH, Gao R, Zhao L, Lu X. The construction of a fluorescent nano-probe and its application in detecting transgenic Bt rice TT51-1. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06590e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent nano-probe that simultaneously detects the rice endogenous housekeeping gene SPS and the exogenous Bt gene (Cry1Ab/Ac).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Shuke Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Hui Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan, China
| | - Xingbo Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
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Wakasa Y, Takaiwa F. The use of rice seeds to produce human pharmaceuticals for oral therapy. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1133-43. [PMID: 24092672 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the major staple food consumed by half of the world's population. Rice seeds have gained recent attention as bioreactors for the production of human pharmaceuticals such as therapeutic proteins or peptides. Rice seed production platforms have many advantages over animal cell or microbe systems in terms of cost-effectiveness, scalability, safety, product stability and productivity. Rice seed-based human pharmaceuticals are expected to become innovative therapies as edible drugs. Therapeutic proteins can be sequestered within natural cellular compartments in rice seeds and protected from harsh gastrointestinal environments. This review presents the state-of-the-art on the construction of gene cassettes for accumulation of pharmaceutical proteins or peptides in rice seeds, the generation of transgenic rice plants, and challenges involved in the use of rice seeds to produce human pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhya Wakasa
- Functional Transgenic Crops Research Unit, Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
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Wu Y, Yang L, Cao Y, Song G, Shen P, Zhang D, Wu G. Collaborative validation of an event-specific quantitative real-time PCR method for genetically modified rice event TT51-1 detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5953-5960. [PMID: 23731165 DOI: 10.1021/jf401339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a collaborative trial of validating a real-time PCR method for the TT51-1 rice event was organized, including six participating laboratories. In this validation, serially diluted solutions from homogeneous genomic DNA of the TT51-1 event were used to construct standard curves of the TT51-1 event and phospholipase D (PLD) assays. The PCR efficiency was 95%, and the R(2) coefficient was 0.99 for the TT51-1 system. The mean quantitative values for blind samples containing 0.1%, 0.5% 1%, 5%, and 10% (w/w) TT51-1 corresponded to 0.1%, 0.51%, 1.06%, 4.83%, and 9.62%, respectively, with a bias (%) ranging from -3.77% to 5.87%. The repeatability and reproducibility were all below 25% across the entire dynamic range. Furthermore, the measurement uncertainties of the quantitative results were estimated to be 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.40%, 1.76%, and 3.52% (w/w) for the tested samples. Both the LOD and LOQ were calculated to be 0.22%. This collaborative trial demonstrated that the TT51-1 method produces reliable, comparable, and reproducible results for a given sample set and can be adopted as a detection standard for testing laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
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Yau YY, Stewart CN. Less is more: strategies to remove marker genes from transgenic plants. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:36. [PMID: 23617583 PMCID: PMC3689633 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selectable marker genes (SMGs) and selection agents are useful tools in the production of transgenic plants by selecting transformed cells from a matrix consisting of mostly untransformed cells. Most SMGs express protein products that confer antibiotic- or herbicide resistance traits, and typically reside in the end product of genetically-modified (GM) plants. The presence of these genes in GM plants, and subsequently in food, feed and the environment, are of concern and subject to special government regulation in many countries. The presence of SMGs in GM plants might also, in some cases, result in a metabolic burden for the host plants. Their use also prevents the re-use of the same SMG when a second transformation scheme is needed to be performed on the transgenic host. In recent years, several strategies have been developed to remove SMGs from GM products while retaining the transgenes of interest. This review describes the existing strategies for SMG removal, including the implementation of site specific recombination systems, TALENs and ZFNs. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of existing SMG-removal strategies and explores possible future research directions for SMG removal including emerging technologies for increased precision for genome modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yeu Yau
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Broken Arrow, OK 74014, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Chen X, Wang X, Jin N, Zhou Y, Huang S, Miao Q, Zhu Q, Xu J. Endpoint visual detection of three genetically modified rice events by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203072 PMCID: PMC3509588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) rice KMD1, TT51-1, and KF6 are three of the most well known transgenic Bt rice lines in China. A rapid and sensitive molecular assay for risk assessment of GM rice is needed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), currently the most common method for detecting genetically modified organisms, requires temperature cycling and relatively complex procedures. Here we developed a visual and rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to amplify three GM rice event-specific junction sequences. Target DNA was amplified and visualized by two indicators (SYBR green or hydroxy naphthol blue [HNB]) within 60 min at an isothermal temperature of 63 °C. Different kinds of plants were selected to ensure the specificity of detection and the results of the non-target samples were negative, indicating that the primer sets for the three GM rice varieties had good levels of specificity. The sensitivity of LAMP, with detection limits at low concentration levels (0.01%–0.005% GM), was 10- to 100-fold greater than that of conventional PCR. Additionally, the LAMP assay coupled with an indicator (SYBR green or HNB) facilitated analysis. These findings revealed that the rapid detection method was suitable as a simple field-based test to determine the status of GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Chen
- Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mails: (X.C.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.M.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiaofu Wang
- Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mails: (X.C.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.M.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Nuo Jin
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; E-Mail:
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mails: (X.C.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.M.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Sainan Huang
- Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mails: (X.C.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.M.); (Q.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Qingmei Miao
- Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mails: (X.C.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.M.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mails: (X.C.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.M.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Junfeng Xu
- Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mails: (X.C.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.M.); (Q.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-571-8641-5202; Fax: +86-571-8640-1834
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Wakasa Y, Ozawa K, Takaiwa F. Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation of rice using two selectable marker genes derived from rice genome components. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:2075-2084. [PMID: 22843026 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A method for Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was developed using rice-derived selection markers. Two T-DNAs were efficiently introduced into separate loci using selectable marker gene cassettes consisting of the mutated acetolactate synthase gene (mALS) under the control of the callus-specific promoter (CSP) (CSP:mALS) and the ferredoxin nitrite reductase gene (NiR) under the control of its own promoter (NiR P:NiR). The CSP:mALS gene cassette confers sulfonylurea herbicide resistance to transgenic rice callus. The NiR P:NiR construct complements NiR-deficient mutant cultivars such as 'Koshihikari', which are defective in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism. In the present study, the CaMV35S:GUS and CaMV35S:GFP gene cassettes were co-introduced into the 'Koshihikari' genome using our system. Approximately 5-10 independent transgenic lines expressing both the GUS and GFP reporters were obtained from 100 Agrobacterium co-inoculated calli. Furthermore, transgenic 'Koshihikari' rice lines with reduced content of two major seed allergen proteins, the 33 and 14-16 kDa allergens, were generated by this co-transformation system. The present results indicate that the generation of selectable antibiotic resistance marker gene-free transgenic rice is possible using our rice-derived selection marker co-transformation system. Key message An improved rice transformation method was developed based on Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation using two rice genome-derived selectable marker gene cassettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhya Wakasa
- Functional Transgenic Crops Research Unit, Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
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Liu Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang W, Jian G, Peng Y, Qi F. Non-uniform distribution pattern for differentially expressed genes of transgenic rice Huahui 1 at different developmental stages and environments. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37078. [PMID: 22606331 PMCID: PMC3350509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA microarray analysis is an effective method to detect unintended effects by detecting differentially expressed genes (DEG) in safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops. With the aim to reveal the distribution of DEG of GM crops under different conditions, we performed DNA microarray analysis using transgenic rice Huahui 1 (HH1) and its non-transgenic parent Minghui 63 (MH63) at different developmental stages and environmental conditions. Considerable DEG were selected in each group of HH1 under different conditions. For each group of HH1, the number of DEG was different; however, considerable common DEG were shared between different groups of HH1. These findings suggested that both DEG and common DEG were adequate for investigation of unintended effects. Furthermore, a number of significantly changed pathways were found in all groups of HH1, indicating genetic modification caused everlasting changes to plants. To our knowledge, our study for the first time provided the non-uniformly distributed pattern for DEG of GM crops at different developmental stages and environments. Our result also suggested that DEG selected in GM plants at specific developmental stage and environment could act as useful clues for further evaluation of unintended effects of GM plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiliang Jian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FQ); (YP)
| | - Fangjun Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FQ); (YP)
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Tuteja N, Verma S, Sahoo RK, Raveendar S, Reddy INBL. Recent advances in development of marker-free transgenic plants: Regulation and biosafety concern. J Biosci 2012; 37:167-97. [PMID: 22357214 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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Michaud D. In consideration of GMOs: a virtual special issue of the Plant Biotechnology Journal. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:933-935. [PMID: 22066549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Cao Y, Wu G, Wu Y, Nie S, Zhang L, Lu C. Characterization of the transgenic rice event TT51-1 and construction of a reference plasmid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8550-8559. [PMID: 21749035 DOI: 10.1021/jf201699s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic rice TT51-1 (BT63) is an insect resistant strain that was granted for safety certificate in China in 2009. This study characterizes the transgenic event TT51-1 using a GenomeWalker strategy. The organization of the transgenes indicated that the transgenes on two plasmids, pFHBT1 and pGL2RC7, had been integrated at the same locus. The sequence of the event TT51-1 spanned 8725 bp, including a truncated Cry1Ab/Ac cassette, an intact Cry1Ab/Ac cassette, two Amp gene segments, and an Hph gene segment. The 5' and 3' plant flanking sequences were isolated and used to locate the transgenes to chromosome 10 in TT51-1. The isolated TT51-1 fragment and a fragment of the rice PLD gene were integrated into a plasmid vector, to create plasmid pK-TT51 as a calibrator for detecting rice containing TT51-1. Analysis of unknown samples indicated that the reference plasmid was a reliable alternative to TT51-1 genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oilcrops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Rice is the most important food crops in maintaining food security in China. The loss of China's annual rice production caused by pests is over ten million tons. Present studies showed that the transgenic insect-resistant rice can substantially reduce the application amount of chemical pesticides. In the case of no pesticide use, the pest density in transgenic rice field is significantly lower than that in non-transgenic field, and the neutral insects and natural enemies of pests increased significantly, indicating that the ecological environment and biodiversity toward the positive direction. The gene flow frequency from transgenic rice is dramatically reduced with the distance increases, reaching less than 0.01% at the distance of 6.2 m. Application of transgenic insect-resistant rice in China has an important significance for ensuring food security, maintaining sustainable agricultural development, and protecting the ecological environment and biodiversity. This review summarized the research progress in transgenic insect-resistant rice and its effect on biodiversity. The research directions and development trends of crop pest controlling in future are discussed. These help to promote better use of transgenic insect-resistant rice.
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Sripriya R, Sangeetha M, Parameswari C, Veluthambi B, Veluthambi K. Improved Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation and selectable marker elimination in transgenic rice by using a high copy number pBin19-derived binary vector. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:766-74. [PMID: 21497712 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A high copy number, selectable marker gene (SMG)-free Agrobacterium binary vector pBin19ΔnptII was constructed by deleting the nptII gene from pBin19. The binary vectors with the RK2 and pVS replication origins exist in 12 and 3 copies, respectively, in Agrobacterium. The tobacco osmotin gene (ap24) was cloned in pBin19ΔnptII and the resultant plasmid pBin19ΔnptII-ap24 was mobilized into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 Rif(r) harbouring the single-copy cointegrate vector pGV2260::pSSJ1. The T-DNA of the cointegrate vector harboured the hph (SMG) and gus genes. Transformation of Oryza sativa L. var. Pusa Basmati1 with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (pGV2260::pSSJ1, pBin19ΔnptII-ap24) yielded 14 independent hyg+/GUS+ transgenic plants. Southern blot analysis with hph and ap24 probes revealed that 12 out of the 14 transgenic plants were co-transformed and harboured hph, gus and ap24 genes. The new multi-copy binary vector yielded 86% co-transformation efficiency. SMG elimination by genetic separation of the cointegrate T-DNA with the hph/gus genes and binary vector T-DNA with the ap24 gene was accomplished in four out of ten primary co-transformants that were forwarded to the T₁ generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Sripriya
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liu D, Shen J, Yang L, Zhang D. Evaluation of the impacts of different nuclear DNA content in the hull, endosperm, and embryo of rice seeds on GM rice quantification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4582-4587. [PMID: 20222712 DOI: 10.1021/jf9044233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a main staple food in the world, and several genetically modified (GM) rice events have been approved for commercialization. To accurately quantify GM contents in rice derived products, we have evaluated the variation of seed DNA density and nuclear DNA content in the hull, endosperm, and embryo of rice seeds from 19 cultivars, as well as their impacts on GM rice quantification. Rice endosperm DNA accounts for 73.71% of total seed DNA, whereas the hull and embryo DNAs account for 3.98% and 22.31%, respectively. Two formulas were established to describe the relationship between GM content on the basis of weight ratio (GM(wt)%) and that on the basis of haploid genome copy number ratio (GM(hg)%) for the samples containing heterozygous GM rice seeds. These two equations were well confirmed in quantification of the heterozygous GM rice TT51-1 seeds containing the GM allele from a female parent or that from a male parent. This work is useful for accurate quantification of GM rice using reference materials containing the heterozygous GM rice seed powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donger Liu
- GMO Detection Laboratory, SJTU-Bor Luh Food Safety Center, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Shiva Prakash N, Bhojaraja R, Shivbachan SK, Hari Priya GG, Nagraj TK, Prasad V, Srikanth Babu V, Jayaprakash TL, Dasgupta S, Spencer TM, Boddupalli RS. Marker-free transgenic corn plant production through co-bombardment. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2009; 28:1655-1668. [PMID: 19701639 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-009-0765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of particle gun for the production of marker-free plants is scant in published literature. Perhaps this is a reflection of the widely held notion that the events generated through bombardment tend to have multiple copies of transgenes, usually integrated at a single locus, features which precludes segregating away the selectable marker gene. However, our previous studies have shown that single-copy integrants are obtained at a high frequency if limited quantity of DNA is used for bombardment. Also, the concatemerized insertion of transgenes has been demonstrated to be greatly reduced if "cassette DNA" is employed in place of whole plasmid DNA for bombardment. Based on the above findings, in the present study the feasibility of co-bombardment was evaluated for the production of marker-free plants in corn, employing a combination of limited quantity DNA and cassette DNA approaches for bombardment. Transgenic events were generated after co-bombardment of a selectable marker cassette containing the nptII gene (2.5 ng per shot) and a GUS gene cassette (15 ng per shot). Among these events single-copy integrants for nptII gene occurred at an average frequency of 68% within which the co-expression frequency of GUS and nptII genes ranged from 41% to 80%. Marker-free corn plants could be identified from the progeny of 28 out of the 103 R0 co-expressing events screened. The results demonstrate that by using cassette DNA and low quantities of DNA for bombardment, marker-free plants are produced at efficiencies comparable to that of Agrobacterium-based co-transformation methods.
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26
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Sripriya R, Raghupathy V, Veluthambi K. Generation of selectable marker-free sheath blight resistant transgenic rice plants by efficient co-transformation of a cointegrate vector T-DNA and a binary vector T-DNA in one Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:1635-1644. [PMID: 18663452 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Co-transformation of Oryza sativa L. var. Pusa Basmati1 was done using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harbouring a single-copy cointegrate vector and a multi-copy binary vector in the same cell. The T-DNA of the cointegrate vector pGV2260::pSSJ1 carried the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) and beta-glucuronidase (gus) genes. The binary vector pCam-chi11, without a plant selectable marker gene, harboured the rice chitinase (chi11) gene under maize ubiquitin promoter. Co-transformation of the gene of interest (chi11) with the selectable marker gene (hph) occurred in 4 out of 20 T(0) plants (20%). Segregation of hph from chi11 was accomplished in two (CoT6 and CoT23) of the four co-transformed plants in the T(1) generation. The selectable marker-free (SMF) lines CoT6 and CoT23 harboured single copies of chi11. Homozygous SMF T(2) plants were established in the lines CoT6 and CoT23. Northern and Western blot analysis of the homozygous SMF lines showed high level of transgene expression. In comparison to untransformed controls, chitinase specific activity was 66- and 22-fold higher in the homozygous SMF T(2) plants of lines CoT6 and CoT23, respectively. The lines CoT6 and CoT23 exhibited 38 and 40% reduction in sheath blight disease, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Sripriya
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Chakraborti D, Sarkar A, Mondal HA, Schuermann D, Hohn B, Sarmah BK, Das S. Cre/lox system to develop selectable marker free transgenic tobacco plants conferring resistance against sap sucking homopteran insect. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:1623-33. [PMID: 18663453 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A binary expression vector was constructed containing the insecticidal gene Allium sativum leaf agglutinin (ASAL), and a selectable nptII marker gene cassette, flanked by lox sites. Similarly, another binary vector was developed with the chimeric cre gene construct. Transformed tobacco plants were generated with these two independent vectors. Each of the T(0) lox plants was crossed with T(0) Cre plants. PCR analyses followed by the sequencing of the target T-DNA part of the hybrid T(1) plants demonstrated the excision of the nptII gene in highly precised manner in certain percentage of the T(1) hybrid lines. The frequency of such marker gene excision was calculated to be 19.2% in the hybrids. Marker free plants were able to express ASAL efficiently and reduce the survivability of Myzus persiceae, the deadly pest of tobacco significantly, compared to the control tobacco plants. Results of PCR and Southern blot analyses of some of the T(2) plants detected the absence of cre as well as nptII genes. Thus, the crossing strategy involving Cre/lox system for the excision of marker genes appears to be very effective and easy to execute. Documentation of such marker excision phenomenon in the transgenic plants expressing the important insecticidal protein for the first time has a great significance from agricultural and biotechnological points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Chakraborti
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
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Bai X, Wang Q, Chu C. Excision of a selective marker in transgenic rice using a novel Cre/loxP system controlled by a floral specific promoter. Transgenic Res 2008; 17:1035-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-008-9182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mäde D, Degner C, Grohmann L. Detection of genetically modified rice: a construct-specific real-time PCR method based on DNA sequences from transgenic Bt rice. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-006-0467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Baisakh N, Rehana S, Rai M, Oliva N, Tan J, Mackill DJ, Khush GS, Datta K, Datta SK. Marker-free transgenic (MFT) near-isogenic introgression lines (NIILs) of 'golden' indica rice (cv. IR64) with accumulation of provitamin A in the endosperm tissue. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2006; 4:467-75. [PMID: 17177811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2006.00196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have developed near-isogenic introgression lines (NIILs) of an elite indica rice cultivar (IR64) with the genes for beta-carotene biosynthesis from dihaploid (DH) derivatives of golden japonica rice (cv. T309). A careful analysis of the DH lines indicated the integration of the genes of interest [phytoene synthase (psy) and phytoene desaturase (crtI)] and the selectable marker gene (hygromycin phosphotransferase, hph) in two unlinked loci. During subsequent crossing, progenies could be obtained carrying only the locus with psy and crtI, which was segregated independently from the locus containing the hph gene during meiotic segregation. The NIILs (BC(2)F(2)) showed maximum similarity with the recurrent parent cultivar IR64. Further, progenies of two NIILs were devoid of any fragments beyond the left or right border, including the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) antibiotic resistance gene of the transformation vector. Spectrophotometric readings showed the accumulation of up to 1.06 microg total carotenoids, including beta-carotene, in 1 g of the endosperm. The accumulation of beta-carotene was also evident from the clearly visible yellow colour of the polished seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Baisakh
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
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31
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Parkhi V, Rai M, Tan J, Oliva N, Rehana S, Bandyopadhyay A, Torrizo L, Ghole V, Datta K, Datta SK. Molecular characterization of marker-free transgenic lines of indica rice that accumulate carotenoids in seed endosperm. Mol Genet Genomics 2005; 274:325-36. [PMID: 16179991 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 07/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A single Agrobacterium strain harbouring two binary plasmids was successfully used for the first time to develop a marker-free transgenic rice of improved nutritional value. Sixty-eight T0 co-transformants were obtained in three indica rice cultivars--two popular high-yielding Bangladeshi varieties (BR28 and BR29), and one high-iron rice cultivar (IR68144). Marker-free lines were obtained from 14 out of 24 selected co-transformants screened in the T1 generation. The accumulation of total carotenoids in polished T2 rice seeds of the primary transgenic VPBR29-17-37 reached levels of up to 3.0 microg/g, with the level of beta-carotene reaching 1.8 microg/g. In the cultivars BR28 and IR68144, total carotenoid levels in the transformants reached 2.0 microg/g of polished rice seeds. The levels of lutein and other carotenoids in the seeds were also significantly enhanced. T1 plants obtained from primary transgenics with simple gene-integration patterns tended to have a lower carotenoid content than the original parental lines. This study describes the development of marker-free transgenic rice lines containing high levels of carotenoids, and addresses the relationship between the rearrangement of transgenes and the presence of metabolic end products in transgenic rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Parkhi
- International Rice Research Institute, Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Nishimura A, Ashikari M, Lin S, Takashi T, Angeles ER, Yamamoto T, Matsuoka M. Isolation of a rice regeneration quantitative trait loci gene and its application to transformation systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11940-4. [PMID: 16091467 PMCID: PMC1187985 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0504220102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of plant organs is often the essential step in genetic transformation; however, the regeneration ability of a plant varies depending on the genetic background. By conventional crosses of low-regeneration rice strain Koshihikari with high-regeneration rice strain Kasalath, we identified some quantitative trait loci, which control the regeneration ability in rice. Using a map-based cloning strategy, we isolated a main quantitative trait loci gene encoding ferredoxin-nitrite reductase (NiR) that determines regeneration ability in rice. Molecular analyses revealed that the poor regeneration ability of Koshihikari is caused by lower expression than in Kasalath and the specific activity of NiR. Using the NiR gene as a selection marker, we succeeded in selectively transforming a foreign gene into rice without exogenous marker genes. Our results demonstrate that nitrate assimilation is an important process in rice regeneration and also provide an additional selectable marker for rice transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nishimura
- Honda Research Institute Japan, 2-1-4 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
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Bajaj S, Mohanty A. Recent advances in rice biotechnology--towards genetically superior transgenic rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2005; 3:275-307. [PMID: 17129312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice biotechnology has made rapid advances since the first transgenic rice plants were produced 15 years ago. Over the past decade, this progress has resulted in the development of high frequency, routine and reproducible genetic transformation protocols for rice. This technology has been applied to produce rice plants that withstand several abiotic stresses, as well as to gain tolerance against various pests and diseases. In addition, quality improving and increased nutritional value traits have also been introduced into rice. Most of these gains were not possible through conventional breeding technologies. Transgenic rice system has been used to understand the process of transformation itself, the integration pattern of transgene as well as to modulate gene expression. Field trials of transgenic rice, especially insect-resistant rice, have recently been performed and several other studies that are prerequisite for safe release of transgenic crops have been initiated. New molecular improvisations such as inducible expression of transgene and selectable marker-free technology will help in producing superior transgenic product. It is also a step towards alleviating public concerns relating to issues of transgenic technology and to gain regulatory approval. Knowledge gained from rice can also be applied to improve other cereals. The completion of the rice genome sequencing together with a rich collection of full-length cDNA resources has opened up a plethora of opportunities, paving the way to integrate data from the large-scale projects to solve specific biological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavindra Bajaj
- Gene Technology, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited (HortResearch) 120 Mt. Albert Road, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan K Datta
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
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