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Agrawal M, Biswas A. Molecular diagnostics of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:54. [PMID: 26442283 PMCID: PMC4585189 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics provide a powerful method to detect and diagnose various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The confirmation of such diagnosis allows early detection and subsequent medical counseling that help specific patients to undergo clinically important drug trials. This provides a medical pathway to have better insight of neurogenesis and eventual cure of the neurodegenerative diseases. In this short review, we present recent advances in molecular diagnostics especially biomarkers and imaging spectroscopy for neurological diseases. We describe advances made in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD), and finally present a perspective on the future directions to provide a framework for further developments and refinements of molecular diagnostics to combat neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Agrawal
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Abhijit Biswas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Nano Science and Technology, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Burgunder JM, Schöls L, Baets J, Andersen P, Gasser T, Szolnoki Z, Fontaine B, Van Broeckhoven C, Di Donato S, De Jonghe P, Lynch T, Mariotti C, Spinazzola A, Tabrizi SJ, Tallaksen C, Zeviani M, Harbo HF, Finsterer J. EFNS guidelines for the molecular diagnosis of neurogenetic disorders: motoneuron, peripheral nerve and muscle disorders. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:207-217. [PMID: 20500522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES These EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of motoneuron disorders, neuropathies and myopathies are designed to summarize the possibilities and limitations of molecular genetic techniques and to provide diagnostic criteria for deciding when a molecular diagnostic work-up is indicated. SEARCH STRATEGY To collect data about planning, conditions and performance of molecular diagnosis of these disorders, a literature search in various electronic databases was carried out and original papers, meta-analyses, review papers and guideline recommendations reviewed. RESULTS The best level of evidence for genetic testing recommendation (B) can be found for the disorders with specific presentations, including familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A, myotonic dystrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. For a number of less common disorders, a precise description of the phenotype, including the use of immunologic methods in the case of myopathies, is considered as good clinical practice to guide molecular genetic testing. CONCLUSION These guidelines are provisional and the future availability of molecular-genetic epidemiological data about the neurogenetic disorders under discussion in this article will allow improved recommendation with an increased level of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Burgunder
- Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Schöls
- Clinical Neurogenetics, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Baets
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB; Antwerpen, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - P Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Z Szolnoki
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary
| | - B Fontaine
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence des canalopathies musculaires, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - C Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB; Antwerpen, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - S Di Donato
- Fondazione-IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - P De Jonghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB; Antwerpen, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - T Lynch
- The Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae University, Beaumont & Mater Private Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Mariotti
- Unit of Genetic of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - A Spinazzola
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - S J Tabrizi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - C Tallaksen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo; Norway Faculty Division, Ullevål University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Zeviani
- Fondazione-IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - H F Harbo
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo; Norway Faculty Division, Ullevål University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Finsterer
- Department of Neurology, KA Rudolfstiftung, Vienna and Danube University Krems, Austria
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Burgunder JM, Finsterer J, Szolnoki Z, Fontaine B, Baets J, Van Broeckhoven C, Di Donato S, De Jonghe P, Lynch T, Mariotti C, Schöls L, Spinazzola A, Tabrizi SJ, Tallaksen C, Zeviani M, Harbo HF, Gasser T. EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of channelopathies, epilepsies, migraine, stroke, and dementias. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17:641-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gasser T, Finsterer J, Baets J, Van Broeckhoven C, Di Donato S, Fontaine B, De Jonghe P, Lossos A, Lynch T, Mariotti C, Schöls L, Spinazzola A, Szolnoki Z, Tabrizi SJ, Tallaksen CME, Zeviani M, Burgunder JM, Harbo HF. EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of ataxias and spastic paraplegias. Eur J Neurol 2009; 17:179-88. [PMID: 20050888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE These EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of neurogenetic disorders are designed to provide practical help for the general neurologist to make appropriate use of molecular genetics in diagnosing neurogenetic disorders. METHODS Literature searches were performed before expert members of the task force wrote proposals, which were discussed in detail until final consensus had been reached among all task force members. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This paper provides updated guidelines for molecular diagnosis of two particularly complex groups of disorders, the ataxias and spastic paraplegias. Possibilities and limitations of molecular genetic diagnosis of these disorders are evaluated and recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Finsterer J, Harbo HF, Baets J, Van Broeckhoven C, Di Donato S, Fontaine B, De Jonghe P, Lossos A, Lynch T, Mariotti C, Schöls L, Spinazzola A, Szolnoki Z, Tabrizi SJ, Tallaksen CME, Zeviani M, Burgunder JM, Gasser T. EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:1255-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Finsterer J. Cardiogenetics, neurogenetics, and pathogenetics of left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction. Pediatr Cardiol 2009; 30:659-81. [PMID: 19184181 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-008-9359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrabeculation (LVHT), also known as noncompaction or spongy myocardium, is a cardiac abnormality of unknown etiology and pathogenesis frequently associated with genetic cardiac and noncardiac disorders, particularly genetic neuromuscular disease. This study aimed to review the current knowledge about the genetic or pathogenetic background of LVHT. METHODS A literature review of all human studies dealing with the association of LVHT with genetic cardiac and noncardiac disorders, particularly neuromuscular disorders, was conducted. RESULTS Most frequently, LVHT is associated with mitochondrial disorders (mtDNA, nDNA mutations), Barth syndrome (G4.5, TAZ mutations), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (MYH7, ACTC mutations), zaspopathy (ZASP/LDB3 mutations), myotonic dystrophy 1 (DMPK mutations), and dystrobrevinopathy (DTNA mutations). More rarely, LVHT is associated with mutations in the DMD, SCNA5, MYBPC3, FNLA1, PTPN11, LMNA, ZNF9, AMPD1, PMP22, TNNT2, fibrillin2, SHP2, MMACHC, LMX1B, HCCS, or NR0B1 genes. Additionally, LVHT occurs with a number of chromosomal disorders, polymorphisms, and not yet identified genes, as well in a familial context. The broad heterogeneity of LVHT's genetic background suggests that the uniform morphology of LVHT not only is attributable to embryonic noncompaction but also may result from induction of hypertrabeculation as a compensatory reaction of an impaired myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Most frequently, LVHT is associated with mutations in genes causing muscle or cardiac disease, or with chromosomal disorders. These associations require comprehensive cardiac, neurologic, and cytogenetic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Postfach 20, 1180 Vienna, Austria, Europe.
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Harbo HF, Finsterer J, Baets J, Van Broeckhoven C, Di Donato S, Fontaine B, De Jonghe P, Lossos A, Lynch T, Mariotti C, Schöls L, Spinazzola A, Szolnoki Z, Tabrizi SJ, Tallaksen C, Zeviani M, Burgunder JM, Gasser T. EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of neurogenetic disorders: general issues, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and dystonias. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:777-85. [PMID: 19469830 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE These EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of neurogenetic disorders are designed to provide practical help for the general neurologist to make appropriate use of molecular genetics in diagnosing neurogenetic disorders. Since the publication of the first two EFNS-guideline papers on the molecular diagnosis of neurological diseases in 2001, rapid progress has been made in this field, necessitating an updated series of guidelines. METHODS Literature searches were performed before expert members of the task force wrote proposals, which were discussed in detail until final consensus had been reached among all task force members. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This paper provides updated guidelines for molecular diagnosis of Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and dystonias as well as a general introduction to the topic. Possibilities and limitations of molecular genetic diagnosis of these disorders are evaluated and recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Harbo
- Department of Neurology, Ullevål, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Gilhus NE, Federico A, Grisold W, Müller L, Lopes Lima JM. Open Facilities for Training in European Neurology (OFTEN): a European Board of Neurology initiative. Eur J Neurol 2002; 9:349-52. [PMID: 12099916 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.00424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The European Board of Neurology has established Open Facilities for Training in European Neurology (OFTEN) by creating a databank of excellent or good neurological departments from 14 European countries willing to receive trainees from abroad (http://www.uems.be/neuro.htm). Further expansion of this databank with an increased number of participating departments and countries is planned. The databank should make it easier both to find a relevant department for training abroad and to obtain funding from various sources. No financial support is available in the program itself. The ultimate aim of this cross-European training is to improve neurological skill, knowledge and attitude. It will also promote European co-operation and harmonization in quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gilhus
- Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Norway.
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