1
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Amin A, Perera ND, Tomas D, Cuic B, Radwan M, Hatters DM, Turner BJ, Shabanpoor F. Systemic administration of a novel Beclin 1-derived peptide significantly upregulates autophagy in the spinal motor neurons of autophagy reporter mice. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124198. [PMID: 38816263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system, plays a vital role in protecting cells by clearing damaged organelles, pathogens, and protein aggregates. Autophagy upregulation through pharmacological interventions has gained significant attention as a potential therapeutic avenue for proteinopathies. Here, we report the development of an autophagy-inducing peptide (BCN4) derived from the Beclin 1 protein, the master regulator of autophagy. To deliver the BCN4 into cells and the central nervous system (CNS), it was conjugated to our previously developed cell and blood-brain barrier-penetrating peptide (CPP). CPP-BCN4 significantly upregulated autophagy and reduced protein aggregates in motor neuron (MN)-like cells. Moreover, its systemic administration in a reporter mouse model of autophagy resulted in a significant increase in autophagy activity in the spinal MNs. Therefore, this novel autophagy-inducing peptide with a demonstrated ability to upregulate autophagy in the CNS has significant potential for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases with protein aggregates as a characteristic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Amin
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Nirma D Perera
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Doris Tomas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Brittany Cuic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Mona Radwan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Danny M Hatters
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Fazel Shabanpoor
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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2
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Kusama-Eguchi K, Tokui Y, Minoura A, Yanai Y, Hirose D, Furukawa M, Kosuge Y, Miura M, Ohkoshi E, Makino M, Minagawa K, Matsuzaki K, Ogawa Y, Watanabe K, Ohsaki A. 2(3H)-Dihydrofranolactone metabolites from Pleosporales sp. NUH322 as anti-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drugs. J Nat Med 2024; 78:146-159. [PMID: 37804412 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor disease with limited treatment options. A domestic fungal extract library was screened using three assays related to the pathophysiology of ALS with the aim of developing a novel ALS drug. 2(3H)-dihydrofuranolactones 1 and 2, and five known compounds 3-7 were isolated from Pleosporales sp. NUH322 culture media, and their protective activity against the excitotoxicity of β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP), an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamatergic agonist, was evaluated under low mitochondrial glutathione levels induced by ethacrynic acid (EA) and low sulfur amino acids using our developed ODAP-EA assay. Additional assays evaluated the recovery from cytotoxicity caused by transfected SOD1-G93A, an ALS-causal gene, and the inhibitory effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods. We synthesized 1 from D-ribose, and confirmed the absolute structure. Isolated and synthesized 1 displayed higher ODAP-EA activities than the extract and represented its activity. Furthermore, 1 exhibited protective activity against SOD1-G93A-induced toxicity. An ALS mouse model, SOD1-G93A, of both sexes, was treated orally with 1 at pre- and post-symptomatic stages. The latter treatment significantly extended their lifespan (p = 0.03) and delayed motor deterioration (p = 0.001-0.01). Our result suggests that 1 is a promising lead compound for the development of ALS drugs with a new spectrum of action targeting both SOD1-G93A proteopathy and excitotoxicity through its action on the AMPA-type glutamatergic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Kusama-Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuki Tokui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Ai Minoura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yuta Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Motofumi Miura
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Emika Ohkoshi
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Aomori, 030-0943, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Makino
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kimino Minagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology and Clinical Trials, Clinical Trials Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogawa
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuko Watanabe
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ohsaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
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3
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Carvelli A, Setti A, Desideri F, Galfrè SG, Biscarini S, Santini T, Colantoni A, Peruzzi G, Marzi MJ, Capauto D, Di Angelantonio S, Ballarino M, Nicassio F, Laneve P, Bozzoni I. A multifunctional locus controls motor neuron differentiation through short and long noncoding RNAs. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108918. [PMID: 35698802 PMCID: PMC9251839 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from dividing progenitors to postmitotic motor neurons (MNs) is orchestrated by a series of events, which are mainly studied at the transcriptional level by analyzing the activity of specific programming transcription factors. Here, we identify a post‐transcriptional role of a MN‐specific transcriptional unit (MN2) harboring a lncRNA (lncMN2‐203) and two miRNAs (miR‐325‐3p and miR‐384‐5p) in this transition. Through the use of in vitro mESC differentiation and single‐cell sequencing of CRISPR/Cas9 mutants, we demonstrate that lncMN2‐203 affects MN differentiation by sponging miR‐466i‐5p and upregulating its targets, including several factors involved in neuronal differentiation and function. In parallel, miR‐325‐3p and miR‐384‐5p, co‐transcribed with lncMN2‐203, act by repressing proliferation‐related factors. These findings indicate the functional relevance of the MN2 locus and exemplify additional layers of specificity regulation in MN differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carvelli
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Setti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Desideri
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Giulia Galfrè
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Biscarini
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Santini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Colantoni
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Jacopo Marzi
- Center for Genomic Science of Istituto of Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Capauto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Ballarino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicassio
- Center for Genomic Science of Istituto of Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Laneve
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Bozzoni
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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4
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Chitramuthu BP, Campos-García VR, Bateman A. Multiple Molecular Pathways Are Influenced by Progranulin in a Neuronal Cell Model-A Parallel Omics Approach. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:775391. [PMID: 35095393 PMCID: PMC8791029 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.775391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is critical in supporting a healthy CNS. Its haploinsufficiency results in frontotemporal dementia, while in experimental models of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, the targeted expression of PGRN greatly slows the onset of disease phenotypes. Nevertheless, much remains unclear about how PGRN affects its target cells. In previous studies we found that PGRN showed a remarkable ability to support the survival of NSC-34 motor neuron cells under conditions that would otherwise lead to their apoptosis. Here we used the same model to investigate other phenotypes of PGRN expression in NSC-34 cells. PGRN significantly influenced morphological differentiation, resulting in cells with enlarged cell bodies and extended projections. At a molecular level this correlated with pathways associated with the cytoskeleton and synaptic differentiation. Depletion of PGRN led to increased expression of several neurotrophic receptors, which may represent a homeostatic mechanism to compensate for loss of neurotrophic support from PGRN. The exception was RET, a neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase, which, when PGRN levels are high, shows increased expression and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation. Other receptor tyrosine kinases also showed higher tyrosine phosphorylation when PGRN was elevated, suggesting a generalized enhancement of receptor activity. PGRN was found to bind to multiple plasma membrane proteins, including RET, as well as proteins in the ER/Golgi apparatus/lysosome pathway. Understanding how these various pathways contribute to PGRN action may provide routes toward improving neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babykumari P Chitramuthu
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, and Centre for Translational Biology, Metabolic Disorders and Complications, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Víctor R Campos-García
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, and Centre for Translational Biology, Metabolic Disorders and Complications, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, and Centre for Translational Biology, Metabolic Disorders and Complications, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
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5
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Stanzione A, Polini A, La Pesa V, Quattrini A, Romano A, Gigli G, Moroni L, Gervaso F. Thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogels supporting motor neuron-like NSC-34 cell differentiation. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7492-7503. [PMID: 34642708 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases are neurodegenerative diseases that predominantly affect the neuromuscular system. To date, there are no valid therapeutic treatments for such diseases, and the classical experimental models fail in faithfully reproducing the pathological mechanisms behind them. In this regard, the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, which more closely reproduce the native in vivo environment, can be a promising approach. Hydrogel-based systems are among the most used materials to reproduce the extracellular matrix, featuring an intrinsic similarity with its physiological characteristics. In this study, we developed a thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel combined with β-glycerophosphate (βGP) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (SHC), which give the system optimal mechanical properties and injectability, inducing the hydrogel sol-gel transition at 37 °C. An ad hoc protocol for the preparation of the hydrogel was established in order to obtain a highly homogeneous system, leading to reproducible physicochemical characteristics and easy cell encapsulation. All formulations supported the viability of a neuroblastoma/spinal cord hybrid cell line (NSC-34) beyond two weeks of culture and enabled cell differentiation towards a motor neuron-like morphology, characterized by the presence of extended neurites. Based on our results, these hydrogels represent excellent candidates for establishing 3D in vitro models of motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Stanzione
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy.,CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | | | - Velia La Pesa
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Romano
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy.,CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, 73100 Lecce, Italy. .,Complex Tissue Regeneration department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Kim W, Kwon HJ, Jung HY, Hahn KR, Moon SM, Yoon YS, Hwang IK, Choi SY, Kim DW. Tat-p27 Ameliorates Neuronal Damage Reducing α-Synuclein and Inflammatory Responses in Motor Neurons After Spinal Cord Ischemia. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3123-3134. [PMID: 34403064 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
p27Kip1 (p27) regulates the cell cycle by inhibiting G1 progression in cells. Several studies have shown conflicting results on the effects of p27 against cell death in various insults. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of p27 against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in NSC34 cells and against spinal cord ischemia-induced neuronal damage in rabbits. To promote delivery into NSC34 cells and motor neurons in the spinal cord, Tat-p27 fusion protein and its control protein (Control-p27) were synthesized with or without Tat peptide, respectively. Tat-p27, but not Control-27, was efficiently introduced into NSC34 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the protein was detected in the cytoplasm. Tat-p27 showed neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 treatment and reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation, and lipid peroxidation in NSC34 cells. Tat-p27, but not Control-p27, ameliorated ischemia-induced neurological deficits and cell damage in the rabbit spinal cord. In addition, Tat-p27 treatment reduced the expression of α-synuclein, activation of microglia, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the spinal cord. Taken together, these results suggest that Tat-p27 inhibits neuronal damage by decreasing oxidative stress, α-synuclein expression, and inflammatory responses after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Myung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong, 18450, South Korea
- Research Institute for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24253, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea.
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea.
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7
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Dusan M, Jastrow C, Alyce MM, Yingkai W, Shashikanth M, Andelain E, Christine BM, Stuart BM, Oliver BG, Michael MZ, Nicolas VH, Damien KJ, Rainer HV. Differentiation of the 50B11 dorsal ganglion cells into NGF and GDNF responsive nociceptor subtypes. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920970368. [PMID: 33307981 PMCID: PMC7745567 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920970368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron-derived 50B11 cell line is a promising sensory neuron model expressing markers characteristic of NGF and GDNF-dependent C-fibre nociceptors. Whether these cells have the capacity to develop into distinct nociceptive subtypes based on NGF- or GDNF-dependence has not been investigated. Here we show that by augmenting forskolin (FSK) and growth factor supplementation with NGF or GDNF, 50B11 cultures can be driven to acquire differential functional responses to common nociceptive agonists capsaicin and ATP respectively. In addition, to previous studies, we also demonstrate that a differentiated neuronal phenotype can be maintained for up to 7 days. Western blot analysis of nociceptive marker proteins further demonstrates that the 50B11 cells partially recapitulate the functional phenotypes of classical NGF-dependent (peptidergic) and GDNF-dependent (non-peptidergic) neuronal subtypes described in DRGs. Further, 50B11 cells differentiated with NGF/FSK, but not GDNF/FSK, show sensitization to acute prostaglandin E2 treatment. Finally, RNA-Seq analysis confirms that differentiation with NGF/FSK or GDNF/FSK produces two 50B11 cell subtypes with distinct transcriptome expression profiles. Gene ontology comparison of the two subtypes of differentiated 50B11 cells to rodent DRG neurons studies shows significant overlap in matching or partially matching categories. This transcriptomic analysis will aid future suitability assessment of the 50B11 cells as a high-throughput nociceptor model for a broad range of experimental applications. In conclusion, this study shows that the 50B11 cell line is capable of partially recapitulating features of two distinct types of embryonic NGF and GDNF-dependent nociceptor-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matusica Dusan
- Anatomy and Histology, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Canlas Jastrow
- Anatomy and Histology, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin M Alyce
- Human Physiology, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wei Yingkai
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marri Shashikanth
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Erickson Andelain
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Barry M Christine
- Anatomy and Histology, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brierley M Stuart
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Best G Oliver
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Z Michael
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Voelcker H Nicolas
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Keating J Damien
- Human Physiology, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Haberberger V Rainer
- Anatomy and Histology, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Carta G, Gambarotta G, Fornasari BE, Muratori L, El Soury M, Geuna S, Raimondo S, Fregnan F. The neurodynamic treatment induces biological changes in sensory and motor neurons in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13277. [PMID: 34168249 PMCID: PMC8225768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerves are subjected to tensile forces in various paradigms such as injury and regeneration, joint movement, and rehabilitation treatments, as in the case of neurodynamic treatment (NDT). The NDT induces selective uniaxial repeated tension on the nerve and was described to be an effective treatment to reduce pain in patients. Nevertheless, the biological mechanisms activated by the NDT promoting the healing processes of the nerve are yet still unknown. Moreover, a dose-response analysis to define a standard protocol of treatment is unavailable. In this study, we aimed to define in vitro whether NDT protocols could induce selective biological effects on sensory and motor neurons, also investigating the possible involved molecular mechanisms taking a role behind this change. The obtained results demonstrate that NDT induced significant dose-dependent changes promoting cell differentiation, neurite outgrowth, and neuron survival, especially in nociceptive neurons. Notably, NDT significantly upregulated PIEZO1 gene expression. A gene that is coding for an ion channel that is expressed both in murine and human sensory neurons and is related to mechanical stimuli transduction and pain suppression. Other genes involved in mechanical allodynia related to neuroinflammation were not modified by NDT. The results of the present study contribute to increase the knowledge behind the biological mechanisms activated in response to NDT and to understand its efficacy in improving nerve regenerational physiological processes and pain reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Carta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- ASST Nord Milano, Sesto San Giovanni Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Elena Fornasari
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marwa El Soury
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Federica Fregnan
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
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9
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Pfeiffer-Guglielmi B, Jansen RP. The Motor Neuron-Like Cell Line NSC-34 and Its Parent Cell Line N18TG2 Have Glycogen that is Degraded Under Cellular Stress. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1567-1576. [PMID: 33786720 PMCID: PMC8084819 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain glycogen has a long and versatile history: Primarily regarded as an evolutionary remnant, it was then thought of as an unspecific emergency fuel store. A dynamic role for glycogen in normal brain function has been proposed later but exclusively attributed to astrocytes, its main storage site. Neuronal glycogen had long been neglected, but came into focus when sensitive technical methods allowed quantification of glycogen at low concentration range and the detection of glycogen metabolizing enzymes in cells and cell lysates. Recently, an active role of neuronal glycogen and even its contribution to neuronal survival could be demonstrated. We used the neuronal cell lines NSC-34 and N18TG2 and could demonstrate that they express the key-enzymes of glycogen metabolism, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase and contain glycogen which is mobilized on glucose deprivation and elevated potassium concentrations, but not by hormones stimulating cAMP formation. Conditions of metabolic stress, namely hypoxia, oxidative stress and pH lowering, induce glycogen degradation. Our studies revealed that glycogen can contribute to the energy supply of neuronal cell lines in situations of metabolic stress. These findings shed new light on the so far neglected role of neuronal glycogen. The key-enzyme in glycogen degradation is glycogen phosphorylase. Neurons express only the brain isoform of the enzyme that is supposed to be activated primarily by the allosteric activator AMP and less by covalent phosphorylation via the cAMP cascade. Our results indicate that neuronal glycogen is not degraded upon hormone action but by factors lowering the energy charge of the cells directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Pfeiffer-Guglielmi
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ralf-Peter Jansen
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Solomon EA, Rooney AM, Rodriguez AM, Micheva-Viteva S, Bashir R, Iyer R, Harris JF. Neuromuscular Junction Model Optimized for Electrical Platforms. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:242-252. [PMID: 33599165 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), specialized synapses between motor neurons and muscle fibers, are essential for muscle activity. A simple and reproducible cell-based in vitro NMJ platform is needed to test the impact of chemicals on the neuron-muscle communication. Our platform utilizes genetically modified neurons and muscle cells, optimized culture conditions, and commercially available multielectrode array system for recording action potentials. Neuronal cells (NSC34) were optogenetically modified with channelrhodopsin chimera to allow for simultaneous, light-mediated, millisecond-precise activation of neuronal population. This signal is propagated through functional synapses to the muscle fibers. Muscle cells (C2C12) were modified by incorporating gap junction protein (Connexin-43) to improve intracellular communication without affecting muscle differentiation. This communication between muscle fibers resulted in better signal propagation and signal strength. Optimized culture medium facilitated the growth and differentiation of both cell types together. Our system was validated using vecuronium, a muscle relaxant, which abolished the muscle response. This in vitro model provides a unique tool for establishing a NMJ platform that is easy to record and analyze. Potential applications include nondestructive long-term screening of drugs affecting the NMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia A Solomon
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Allison M Rooney
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Arasely M Rodriguez
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, Nick J. Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Rashi Iyer
- Information System and Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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11
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Thelen MP, Wirth B, Kye MJ. Mitochondrial defects in the respiratory complex I contribute to impaired translational initiation via ROS and energy homeostasis in SMA motor neurons. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:223. [PMID: 33353564 PMCID: PMC7754598 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by loss of lower motor neurons, which leads to proximal muscle weakness and atrophy. SMA is caused by reduced survival motor neuron (SMN) protein levels due to biallelic deletions or mutations in the SMN1 gene. When SMN levels fall under a certain threshold, a plethora of cellular pathways are disturbed, including RNA processing, protein synthesis, metabolic defects, and mitochondrial function. Dysfunctional mitochondria can harm cells by decreased ATP production and increased oxidative stress due to elevated cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since neurons mainly produce energy via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, restoring metabolic/oxidative homeostasis might rescue SMA pathology. Here, we report, based on proteome analysis, that SMA motor neurons show disturbed energy homeostasis due to dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I. This results in a lower basal ATP concentration and higher ROS production that causes an increase of protein carbonylation and impaired protein synthesis in SMA motor neurons. Counteracting these cellular impairments with pyruvate reduces elevated ROS levels, increases ATP and SMN protein levels in SMA motor neurons. Furthermore, we found that pyruvate-mediated SMN protein synthesis is mTOR-dependent. Most importantly, we showed that ROS regulates protein synthesis at the translational initiation step, which is impaired in SMA. As many neuropathies share pathological phenotypes such as dysfunctional mitochondria, excessive ROS, and impaired protein synthesis, our findings suggest new molecular interactions among these pathways. Additionally, counteracting these impairments by reducing ROS and increasing ATP might be beneficial for motor neuron survival in SMA patients.
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12
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Lee PT, Liévens JC, Wang SM, Chuang JY, Khalil B, Wu HE, Chang WC, Maurice T, Su TP. Sigma-1 receptor chaperones rescue nucleocytoplasmic transport deficit seen in cellular and Drosophila ALS/FTD models. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5580. [PMID: 33149115 PMCID: PMC7642387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a subgroup of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the (G4C2)-RNA repeat expansion from C9orf72 chromosome binds to the Ran-activating protein (RanGAP) at the nuclear pore, resulting in nucleocytoplasmic transport deficit and accumulation of Ran in the cytosol. Here, we found that the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), a molecular chaperone, reverses the pathological effects of (G4C2)-RNA repeats in cell lines and in Drosophila. The Sig-1R colocalizes with RanGAP and nuclear pore proteins (Nups) and stabilizes the latter. Interestingly, Sig-1Rs directly bind (G4C2)-RNA repeats. Overexpression of Sig-1Rs rescues, whereas the Sig-1R knockout exacerbates, the (G4C2)-RNA repeats-induced aberrant cytoplasmic accumulation of Ran. In Drosophila, Sig-1R (but not the Sig-1R-E102Q mutant) overexpression reverses eye necrosis, climbing deficit, and firing discharge caused by (G4C2)-RNA repeats. These results on a molecular chaperone at the nuclear pore suggest that Sig-1Rs may benefit patients with C9orf72 ALS/FTD by chaperoning the nuclear pore assembly and sponging away deleterious (G4C2)-RNA repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Tse Lee
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- The Ph.D Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biomaterial Company, 6F, No. 26-1, Sec. 2, Shengyi Rd., Zhubei City, Hsin-Chu County, 30261, Taiwan
| | | | - Shao-Ming Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Bilal Khalil
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- The Ph.D Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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13
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Lee S, Kim S, Kang HY, Lim HR, Kwon Y, Jo M, Jeon YM, Kim SR, Kim K, Ha CM, Lee S, Kim HJ. The overexpression of TDP-43 in astrocytes causes neurodegeneration via a PTP1B-mediated inflammatory response. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:299. [PMID: 33054766 PMCID: PMC7556969 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic inclusions of transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) in neurons and astrocytes are a feature of some neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the role of TDP-43 in astrocyte pathology remains largely unknown. METHODS To investigate whether TDP-43 overexpression in primary astrocytes could induce inflammation, we transfected primary astrocytes with plasmids encoding Gfp or TDP-43-Gfp. The inflammatory response and upregulation of PTP1B in transfected cells were examined using quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. Neurotoxicity was analysed in a transwell coculture system of primary cortical neurons with astrocytes and cultured neurons treated with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM). We also examined the lifespan, performed climbing assays and analysed immunohistochemical data in pan-glial TDP-43-expressing flies in the presence or absence of a Ptp61f RNAi transgene. RESULTS PTP1B inhibition suppressed TDP-43-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) in primary astrocytes. Using a neuron-astrocyte coculture system and astrocyte-conditioned media treatment, we demonstrated that PTP1B inhibition attenuated neuronal death and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by overexpression of TDP-43 in astrocytes. In addition, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) defects, a shortened lifespan, inflammation and climbing defects caused by pan-glial overexpression of TDP-43 were significantly rescued by downregulation of ptp61f (the Drosophila homologue of PTP1B) in flies. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PTP1B inhibition mitigates the neuronal toxicity caused by TDP-43-induced inflammation in mammalian astrocytes and Drosophila glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kang
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, 61886, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Lim
- Research Division and Brain Research Core Facilities, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Younghwi Kwon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Myungjin Jo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Chang Man Ha
- Research Division and Brain Research Core Facilities, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, 61886, South Korea.
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
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14
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Colón-Rodríguez A, Colón-Carrión NM, Atchison WD. AMPA receptor contribution to methylmercury-mediated alteration of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in human induced pluripotent stem cell motor neurons. Neurotoxicology 2020; 81:116-126. [PMID: 32991939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
α motor neurons (MNs) are a target of the environmental neurotoxicant methylmercury (MeHg), accumulating MeHg and subsequently degenerating. In mouse spinal cord MN cultures, MeHg increased intracellular Ca2+ [Ca2+]i; the AMPA receptor (AMPAR) antagonist CNQX delayed the increase in [Ca2+]i, implicating the role of AMPARs in this response. Here we used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MNs (hiPSC-MNs), to characterize the role of MN AMPARs in MeHg neurotoxicity. Acute exposure to MeHg (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 μM), fura-2 microfluorimetry, and a standard cytotoxicity assay, were used to examine MN regulation of [Ca2+]i, and cytotoxicity, respectively. Contribution of Ca2+-permeable and impermeable AMPARs was compared using either CNQX, or the Ca2+-permeable AMPAR antagonist N-acetyl spermine (NAS). MeHg-induced cytotoxicity was evaluated following a 24 h delay subsequent to 1 h exposure of hiPSC-MNs. MeHg caused a characteristic biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i, the onset of which was concentration-dependent; higher MeHg concentrations hastened onset of both phases. CNQX significantly delayed MeHg's effect on onset time of both phases. In contrast, NAS significantly delayed only the 2nd phase increase in fura-2 fluorescence. Exposure to MeHg for 1 h followed by a 24 h recovery period caused a concentration-dependent incidence of cell death. These results demonstrate for the first time that hiPSC-derived MNs are highly sensitive to effects of MeHg on [Ca2+]i, and cytotoxicity, and that both Ca2+-permeable and impermeable AMPARs contribute the elevations in [Ca2+]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Colón-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St., B338 Life Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St., B338 Life Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St., B331 Life Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Nicole M Colón-Carrión
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St., B338 Life Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - William D Atchison
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St., B338 Life Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St., B338 Life Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St., B331 Life Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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15
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Keilhoff G, Mbou RP, Lucas B. Differentiation of NSC-34 cells is characterized by expression of NGF receptor p75, glutaminase and NCAM L1, activation of mitochondria, and sensitivity to fatty acid intervention. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151574. [PMID: 32622426 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Motor neuronal damage due to diseases, traumatic insults or de-afferentation of the spinal cord is often incurable because of poor intrinsic regenerative capacity. Hence, medical basic research has to provide a better understanding of development-/regeneration-related cellular processes as only way to develop new and successful therapeutic strategies. Here, we investigated the neuronal differentiation of the NSC-34 hybrid cell line, which is an accepted model for spinal cord motor neurons. Their differentiation was stimulated by switching from normal to differentiation medium and by supplementation with palmitic and oleic acid. To characterize neuro-differentiation of NSC-34 cells, expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4, NGF p75 receptor, IGF I alpha receptor, glutaminase, NCAM L1, ADAM10 and myelin basic protein as well as activation of mitochondria were analyzed. Both switch from normal to differentiation medium and fatty acid application stimulated NSC-34 differentiation. Differentiation was characterized by diminishing expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 and enhancing expression of the NGF receptor p75, of glutaminase, of NCAM L1 and it's partially transformation from the cell surface into the cell. Fatty acid intervention stabilized the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4, diminished the expression of the NGF receptor p75, consolidated the expression profile of NCAM L1, and intensified the expression of the relevant for NCAM L1 cleavage ADAM10. However, NCAM L1 cleavage itself was unaffected by fatty acid intervention, as was the differentiation-relevant activation of mitochondria and their transformation into neuronal filopodia.
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16
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D’Amico AG, Maugeri G, Saccone S, Federico C, Cavallaro S, Reglodi D, D’Agata V. PACAP Modulates the Autophagy Process in an In Vitro Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082943. [PMID: 32331311 PMCID: PMC7216177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of complex etiology leading to motor neuron degeneration. Many gene alterations cause this pathology, including mutation in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which leads to its gain of function. Mutant SOD1 proteins are prone to aberrant misfolding and create aggregates that impair autophagy. The hypoxic stress is strictly linked to the disease progression since it induces uncontrolled autophagy activation and the consequent high rates of cell death. Previously, we showed that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) exerts neurotrophic activity in cultured mSOD1 motor neurons exposed to serum deprivation. To date, no studies have examined whether the protective effect of PACAP on mSOD1 cells exposed to hypoxic insult is mediated through the regulation of the autophagy process. In the present study, we used the neuroblastoma-spinal cord-34 (NSC-34) cell line, stably expressing human wild type or mutant SOD1 G93A, to represent a well characterized in vitro model of a familial form of ALS. These cells were exposed to 100-µM desferrioxamine mesylate salt for 24h, to mimic the hypoxic stress affecting motor neurons during the disease progression. Our results showed that PACAP treatment significantly reduced cell death and hypoxia-induced mSOD1 accumulation by modulating the autophagy process in G93A motor neurons, as revealed by the decreased LC3II and the increased p62 levels, two autophagy indicators. These results were also confirmed by evaluating the vacuole formation detected through light chain 3 (LC3) immunofluorescence. Furthermore, the PACAP effects on autophagy seem to be mediated through the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Overall, our data demonstrated that PACAP exerts an ameliorative effect on the mSOD1 motor neuron viability by modulating a hypoxia-induced autophagy process through activation of MAPK/ERK signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Grazia D’Amico
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University of Rome, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Roma, Italy;
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Concetta Federico
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Italian National Research Council, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Group, University of Pecs Medical School, 7622 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-378-2039; Fax: +39-095-378-2046
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17
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Nango H, Kosuge Y, Yoshimura N, Miyagishi H, Kanazawa T, Hashizaki K, Suzuki T, Ishige K. The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Prostaglandin D 2-Induced Neuritogenesis in Motor Neuron-Like NSC-34 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E934. [PMID: 32290308 PMCID: PMC7226968 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds derived from arachidonic acid. Our previous study has found that prostaglandin E2 promotes neurite outgrowth in NSC-34 cells, which are a model for motor neuron development. However, the effects of other prostaglandins on neuronal differentiation are poorly understood. The present study investigated the effect of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) on neuritogenesis in NSC-34 cells. Exposure to PGD2 resulted in increased percentages of neurite-bearing cells and neurite length. Although D-prostanoid receptor (DP) 1 and DP2 were dominantly expressed in the cells, BW245C (a DP1 agonist) and 15(R)-15-methyl PGD2 (a DP2 agonist) had no effect on neurite outgrowth. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that PGD2 was converted to 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) under cell-free conditions. Exogenously applied 15d-PGJ2 mimicked the effect of PGD2 on neurite outgrowth. GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) antagonist, suppressed PGD2-induced neurite outgrowth. Moreover, PGD2 and 15d-PGJ2 increased the protein expression of Islet-1 (the earliest marker of developing motor neurons), and these increases were suppressed by co-treatment with GW9662. These results suggest that PGD2 induces neuritogenesis in NSC-34 cells and that PGD2-induced neurite outgrowth was mediated by the activation of PPARγ through the metabolite 15d-PGJ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nango
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Nana Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyagishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanazawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kaname Hashizaki
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Toyofumi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishige
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
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18
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Chen S, Tian R, Luo D, Xiao Z, Li H, Lin D. Time-Course Changes and Role of Autophagy in Primary Spinal Motor Neurons Subjected to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation: Insights Into Autophagy Changes in a Cellular Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:38. [PMID: 32265654 PMCID: PMC7098962 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia is a severe clinical complication induced by thoracoabdominal aortic surgery, severe trauma, or compression to the spinal column. As one of the most important functional cells in the spinal cord, spinal motor neurons (SMNs) suffer most during the process since they are vulnerable to ischemic injury due to high demands of energy. Previous researches have tried various animal models or organotypic tissue experiments to mimic the process and get to know the pathogenesis and mechanism. However, little work has been performed on the cellular model of spinal cord ischemia, which has been hampered by the inability to obtain a sufficient number of pure primary SMNs for in vitro study. By optimizing the isolation and culture of SMNs, our laboratory has developed an improved culture system of primary SMNs, which allows cellular models and thus mechanism studies. In the present study, by establishing an in vitro model of spinal cord ischemia, we intended to observe the dynamic time-course changes of SMNs and investigate the role of autophagy in SMNs during the process. It was found that oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) resulted in destruction of neural networks and decreased cell viability of primary SMNs, and the severity increased with the prolonging of the OGD time. The OGD treatment enhanced autophagy, which reached a peak at 5 h. Further investigation demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy exacerbated the injury, evidencing that autophagy plays a protective role during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingkun Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signalling Induces Casein Kinase 1-Dependent Formation of Cytosolic TDP-43 Inclusions in Motor Neuron-Like Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1354-1364. [PMID: 31280399 PMCID: PMC7260270 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron disease (MND) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment. One of the principal pathological hallmarks is the deposition of TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in cytoplasmic inclusions. TDP-43 aggregation occurs in both familial and sporadic MND; however, the mechanism of endogenous TDP-43 aggregation in disease is incompletely understood. This study focused on the induction of cytoplasmic accumulation of endogenous TDP-43 in the motor neuronal cell line NSC-34. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor tunicamycin induced casein kinase 1 (CK1)-dependent cytoplasmic accumulation of endogenous TDP-43 in differentiated NSC-34 cells, as seen by immunocytochemistry. Immunoblotting showed that induction of ER stress had no effect on abundance of TDP-43 or phosphorylated TDP-43 in the NP-40/RIPA soluble fraction. However, there were significant increases in abundance of TDP-43 and phosphorylated TDP-43 in the NP-40/RIPA-insoluble, urea-soluble fraction, including high molecular weight species. In all cases, these increases were lowered by CK1 inhibition. Thus ER stress signalling, as induced by tunicamycin, causes CK1-dependent phosphorylation of TDP-43 and its consequent cytosolic accumulation.
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20
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Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Protein 1 Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Inflammation and Neuronal Damage in the Rabbit Spinal Cord. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111370. [PMID: 31683736 PMCID: PMC6912576 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we utilized a proteomic approach and found a significant reduction in phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1) protein level in the spinal cord at 3 h after ischemia. In the present study, we investigated the role of PEBP1 against oxidative stress in NSC34 cells in vitro, and ischemic damage in the rabbit spinal cord in vivo. We generated a PEP-1-PEBP1 fusion protein to facilitate the penetration of blood-brain barrier and intracellular delivery of PEBP1 protein. Treatment with PEP-1-PEBP1 significantly decreased cell death and the induction of oxidative stress in NSC34 cells. Furthermore, administering PEP-1-PEBP1 did not show any significant side effects immediately before and after ischemia/reperfusion. Administration of PEP-PEBP1 improved the Tarlov’s neurological score at 24 and 72 h after ischemia, and significantly improved neuronal survival at 72 h after ischemia based on neuronal nuclei (NeuN) immunohistochemistry, Flouro-Jade B staining, and western blot study for cleaved caspase 3. PEP-1-PEBP1 administration decreased oxidative stress based on malondialdehyde level, advanced oxidation protein products, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α in the spinal cord. In addition, inflammation based on myeloperoxidase level, tumor necrosis factor-α level, and high mobility group box 1 level was decreased by PEP-1-PEBP1 treatment at 72 h after ischemia. Thus, PEP-1-PEBP1 treatment, which decreases oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and neuronal death, may be an effective therapeutic strategy for spinal cord ischemia.
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21
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Foster A, Scott D, Layfield R, Rea S. An FTLD-associated SQSTM1 variant impacts Nrf2 and NF-κB signalling and is associated with reduced phosphorylation of p62. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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22
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Kim W, Kwon HJ, Jung HY, Yoo DY, Moon SM, Kim DW, Hwang IK. Tat-HSP70 protects neurons from oxidative damage in the NSC34 cells and ischemic damage in the ventral horn of rabbit spinal cord. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104477. [PMID: 31145969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone, and it has been shown that its levels increase after exposure to various types of stress, including ischemia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of HSP70 against H2O2-induced neuronal stress in NSC34 cells and against spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. Tat-HSP70 proteins facilitated the intracellular delivery of HSP70 into the NSC34 cells and enabled them to cross the blood-brain barrier in the rabbit spinal cord. Tat-HSP70 was effectively transduced into NSC34 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, while control-HSP70 protein could not be delivered intracellularly at any concentration or time after treatment. Treatment with Tat-HSP70 reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species and cell death induced by H2O2, while the control-HSP70 did not show any significant effect on the NSC34 cells exposed to H2O2. In rabbit spinal cord, the administration of Tat-HSP70 showed significant amelioration of neurological defects and neuronal death in the ventral horn of spinal cord. In addition, Tat-HSP70 treatment significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activities in the spinal cord, but glutathione peroxidase and Mn-superoxide dismutase activities remained unchanged. These results suggest that Tat-HSP70, not control-HSP70, decreases cell damage by reducing oxidative stress in NSC34 cells and rabbit spinal cord, and it can be employed for the reduction of neuronal damage caused after spinal cord ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam, 31151, South Korea
| | - Seung Myung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong, 18450, South Korea; Research Institute for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24253, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea.
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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23
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Martinez AM, Mirkovic J, Stanisz ZA, Patwari FS, Yang WS. NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells are sensitized to ferroptosis upon differentiation. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:582-593. [PMID: 30984534 PMCID: PMC6443867 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is driven by lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides upon inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4). Deletion of the Gpx4 gene in mice revealed that neurons are sensitive to ferroptosis in vivo. However, few studies have been conducted on ferroptosis regulation in neurons. Here, we report that cells of a motor neuron‐like cell line, NSC‐34, became more sensitive to ferroptosis upon differentiation into a more motor neuron‐like condition. We identified three factors that influence ferroptosis sensitivity under differentiation conditions: low serum antioxidants, decreased GPx4 protein amount, and inhibition of the transsulfuration pathway. Our results support the hypothesis that neurons, especially motor neurons, are sensitive to ferroptosis, and suggest that ferroptosis in a neuronal context should be investigated further to develop strategies for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jovan Mirkovic
- Department of Biological Sciences St John's University Queens NY USA
| | - Zofia A Stanisz
- Department of Biological Sciences St John's University Queens NY USA
| | - Fahmida S Patwari
- Department of Biological Sciences St John's University Queens NY USA
| | - Wan Seok Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences St John's University Queens NY USA
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24
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Zhang C, Yang Y, Liang W, Wang T, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Jiang H, Feng H. Neuroprotection by urate on the mutant hSOD1-related cellular and Drosophila models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Implication for GSH synthesis via activating Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2/GCLC pathways. Brain Res Bull 2019; 146:287-301. [PMID: 30690059 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been considered as a principal mechanism of motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease which could be caused by dominant mutations in an antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of urate, an important endogenous antioxidant and a biomarker of favorable ALS progression rates, in the mutant human SOD1-related cellular and Drosophila models of ALS. Our results showed that urate treatment provided neuroprotective effects as confirmed by enhanced survival, attenuated motor impairments, reduced oxidative damage and increased antioxidant defense in hSOD1-G85R-expressing Drosophila models of ALS. In vitro studies, we demonstrated that urate protected motor neurons (NSC-34 cells) against hSOD1-G93A-induced cell damage and apoptosis by decreasing reactive oxygen specials (ROS) production and oxidative damage. Moreover, urate markedly increased the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), stimulated Nrf2-targeted antioxidant gene glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) expression and glutathione (GSH) synthesis by upregulating Akt/GSK3β pathway. Furthermore, the inhibition of Akt pathway with LY294002 abolished urate-mediated elevation of GSH synthesis and neuroprotective effects both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, these results suggested that, in addition to its direct scavenging of ROS, urate markedly enhanced GSH expression by activating Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2/GCLC pathway, and thus offering neuroprotective effects on motor neurons against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Yueqing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Tianhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Hongquan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Honglin Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China.
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25
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Wang T, Cheng J, Wang S, Wang X, Jiang H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Liang W, Feng H. α-Lipoic acid attenuates oxidative stress and neurotoxicity via the ERK/Akt-dependent pathway in the mutant hSOD1 related Drosophila model and the NSC34 cell line of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:299-310. [PMID: 29842900 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease with a progressive loss of motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). However, there are unsolved problems with the therapies for this disease. α-Lipoic acid (LA) is a natural, universal antioxidant capable of scavenging hydroxyl radicals as well as regenerating a series of antioxidant enzymes that has been widely used in clinical settings. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of LA in ALS cell and Drosophila models with mutant G85R and G93A hSOD1 genes. The biological effects of LA and the protein levels of several antioxidant factors were examined, as were those of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways were used to analyze their effects on LA-induced antioxidant expression in vivo and in vitro. Evidences showed that the mutant hSOD1 resulted in the increased oxidative stress, abnormal antioxidant signaling and pathological behaviors in motor performance and survival compared with non-mutant hSOD1 models, treatment with LA improved motor activity and survival in transgenic flies, prevented NSC34 cells from mutant hSOD1 or H2O2 induced decreased antioxidant enzymes as well as increased ROS levels. In addition, LA regulated the expression levels of antioxidant proteins in a dose- and periodical time-dependent manner, which might be mediated by ERK/Akt pathway activation and independent from the mutant hSOD1 gene. Our observations suggest that LA exerts strong and positive antioxidant and neuroprotective effects through the activation of the ERK-Akt pathway in hSOD1 ALS models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jiling Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Hongquan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yueqing Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Chunting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Honglin Feng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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26
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Takaku S, Yako H, Niimi N, Akamine T, Kawanami D, Utsunomiya K, Sango K. Establishment of a myelinating co-culture system with a motor neuron-like cell line NSC-34 and an adult rat Schwann cell line IFRS1. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:537-543. [PMID: 29435762 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Co-culture models of neurons and Schwann cells have been utilized for the study of myelination and demyelination in the peripheral nervous system; in most of the previous studies, however, these cells were obtained by primary culture with embryonic or neonatal animals. A spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell line IFRS1 from long-term cultures of adult Fischer rat peripheral nerves has been shown to retain fundamental ability to myelinate neurites in co-cultures with adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and nerve growth factor-primed PC12 cells. Our current investigation focuses on the establishment of stable co-culture system with IFRS1 cells and NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells. NSC-34 cells were seeded at a low density (2 × 103/cm2) and maintained for 5-7 days in serum-containing medium supplemented with non-essential amino acids and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; 10 ng/mL). Upon observation of neurite outgrowth under a phase-contrast microscope, the NSC-34 cells were exposed to an anti-mitotic agent mitomycin C (1 µg/mL) for 12-16 h, then co-cultured with IFRS1 cells (2 × 104/cm2), and maintained in serum-containing medium supplemented with ascorbic acid (50 µg/mL), BDNF (10 ng/mL), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (10 ng/mL). Double immunofluorescence staining carried out at day 28 of the co-culture showed myelin protein (P0 or PMP22)-immunoreactive IFRS1 cells surrounding the βIII tubulin-immunoreactive neurites. This co-culture system can be a beneficial tool to study the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases, and immune-mediated demyelinating neuropathies) and novel therapeutic approaches against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Takaku
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hideji Yako
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Naoko Niimi
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Akamine
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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27
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Yoo DY, Cho SB, Jung HY, Kim W, Choi GM, Won MH, Kim DW, Hwang IK, Choi SY, Moon SM. Tat-protein disulfide-isomerase A3: a possible candidate for preventing ischemic damage in the spinal cord. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3075. [PMID: 28981094 PMCID: PMC5680594 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we searched for possible candidates that can prevent ischemic damage in the rabbit spinal cord. For this study, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, in sham- and ischemia-operated animals. As the level of protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) significantly decreased 3 h after ischemia/reperfusion, we further investigated its possible role against ischemic damage using an in vitro spinal cord cell line and in vivo spinal cord ischemic model. The administration of Tat-PDIA3 significantly reduced the hydrogen peroxide-induced formation of reactive oxygen species and cell death, based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated dUTP nick end labeling and a colorimetric WST-1 assay. Further, Tat-PDIA3 significantly ameliorated the ischemia-induced deficits in motor function, based on Tarlov's criteria, 24-72 h after ischemia/reperfusion, as well as the degeneration of motor neurons in the ventral horn 72 h after ischemia/reperfusion. Tat-PDIA3 administration also reduced the ischemia-induced activation of microglia and lipid peroxidation in the motor neurons 72 h after ischemia/reperfusion. PDIA3 also potentially ameliorated the ischemia-induced increase in oxidative markers in serum and decreased the activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in spinal cord homogenates, 24 h and 72 h after ischemia/reperfusion. These results suggest that Tat-PDIA3 could be used to protect spinal cord neurons from ischemic damage, due to its modulatory action on the oxidative/anti-oxidative balance. Tat-PDIA3 could be applicable to protects neurons from the ischemic damage induced by thoracoabdominal aorta obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Goang-Min Choi
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Myung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong, South Korea
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28
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25-Hydroxycholesterol is involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11855-11867. [PMID: 28060747 PMCID: PMC5355309 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the levels of three major hydroxycholesterols (24-, 25-, and 27-hydroxycholesterols) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as to show their role in the pathogenesis of ALS experimental models. The level of 25-hydroxycholesterol were higher in untreated ALS patients (n = 30) than in controls without ALS (n = 33) and ALS patients treated with riluzole (n = 9) both in their serum and CSF. The level of 25-hydroxycholesterol in the serum of ALS patients were significantly associated with their disease severity and rate of progression. In the motor neuron-like cell line (NSC34) with the human mutant G93A superoxide dismutase 1 gene (mSOD1-G93A), 25-hydroxycholesterol induced motor neuronal death/ apoptosis via glycogen synthase kinase-3β and liver X receptor pathways; riluzole treatment attenuated these effects. The expressions of enzymes that synthesize 25-hydroxycholesterol were significantly increased in the brains of early symptomatic mSOD1G93A mice. Our data, obtained from patients with ALS, a cellular model of ALS, and an animal model of ALS, suggests that 25-hydroxycholesterol could be actively involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, mostly in the early symptomatic disease stage, by mediating neuronal apoptosis.
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29
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Hensel N, Baskal S, Walter LM, Brinkmann H, Gernert M, Claus P. ERK and ROCK functionally interact in a signaling network that is compensationally upregulated in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 108:352-361. [PMID: 28916199 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a motoneuron disease caused by low levels of functional survival of motoneuron protein (SMN). Molecular disease mechanisms downstream of functional SMN loss are still largely unknown. Previous studies suggested an involvement of Rho kinase (ROCK) as well as the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathways in the pathomechanism. Both pathways are bi-directionally linked and inhibit each other. Thus, we hypothesize that both pathways regulate SMA pathophysiology in vivo in a combined manner rather than acting separately. Here, we applied the repurposed drugs, selumetinib, an ERK inhibitor, and the ROCK inhibitor fasudil to severe SMA mice. Thereby, separately applied inhibitors as well as a combination enabled us to explore the impact of the ROCK-ERK signaling network on SMA pathophysiology. ROCK inhibition specifically ameliorated the phenotype of selumetinib-treated SMA mice demonstrating an efficient ROCK to ERK crosstalk relevant for the SMA pathophysiology. However, ERK inhibition alone aggravated the condition of SMA mice and reduced the number of motoneurons indicating a compensatory hyper-activation of ERK in motoneurons. Taken together, we identified a regulatory network acting downstream of SMN depletion and upstream of the SMA pathophysiology thus being a future treatment target in combination with SMN dependent strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hensel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svetlana Baskal
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Marie Walter
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hella Brinkmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Gernert
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany.
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Arumugam S, Garcera A, Soler RM, Tabares L. Smn-Deficiency Increases the Intrinsic Excitability of Motoneurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:269. [PMID: 28928636 PMCID: PMC5591959 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, motoneurons experience significant changes in their size and in the number and strength of connections that they receive, which requires adaptive changes in their passive and active electrical properties. Even after reaching maturity, motoneurons continue to adjust their intrinsic excitability and synaptic activity for proper functioning of the sensorimotor circuit in accordance with physiological demands. Likewise, if some elements of the circuit become dysfunctional, the system tries to compensate for the alterations to maintain appropriate function. In Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), a severe motor disease, spinal motoneurons receive less excitation from glutamatergic sensory fibers and interneurons and are electrically hyperexcitable. Currently, the origin and relationship among these alterations are not completely established. In this study, we investigated whether Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN), the ubiquitous protein defective in SMA, regulates the excitability of motoneurons before and after the establishment of the synaptic contacts. To this end, we performed patch-clamp recordings in embryonic spinal motoneurons forming complex synaptic networks in primary cultures, and in differentiated NSC-34 motoneuron-like cells in the absence of synaptic contacts. Our results show that in both conditions, Smn-deficient cells displayed lower action potential threshold, greater action potential amplitudes, and larger density of voltage-dependent sodium currents than cells with normal Smn-levels. These results indicate that Smn participates in the regulation of the cell-autonomous excitability of motoneurons at an early stage of development. This finding may contribute to a better understanding of motoneuron excitability in SMA during the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Arumugam
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine University of SevilleSeville, Spain
| | - Ana Garcera
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDALleida, Spain
| | - Rosa M Soler
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDALleida, Spain
| | - Lucía Tabares
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine University of SevilleSeville, Spain
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A Cystine-Rich Whey Supplement (Immunocal®) Provides Neuroprotection from Diverse Oxidative Stress-Inducing Agents In Vitro by Preserving Cellular Glutathione. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3103272. [PMID: 28894506 PMCID: PMC5574309 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3103272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a principal mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Therefore, nutritional enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses may represent a viable treatment option. We investigated the neuroprotective properties of a unique whey protein supplement (Immunocal®) that provides an essential precursor (cystine) for synthesis of the endogenous antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). Primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), NSC34 motor neuronal cells, or HT22 hippocampal cells were preincubated in medium containing Immunocal and then subsequently treated with agents known to induce oxidative stress. Immunocal protected CGNs against neurotoxicity induced by the Bcl-2 inhibitor, HA14-1, the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside, CuCl2, and AlCl3. Immunocal also significantly reduced NSC34 cell death due to either H2O2 or glutamate and mitigated toxicity in HT22 cells overexpressing β-amyloid1-42. The neuroprotective effects of Immunocal were blocked by inhibition of γ-glutamyl-cysteine ligase, demonstrating dependence on de novo GSH synthesis. These findings indicate that sustaining GSH with Immunocal significantly protects neurons against diverse inducers of oxidative stress. Thus, Immunocal is a nutritional supplement worthy of testing in preclinical animal models of neurodegeneration and in future clinical trials of patients afflicted by these diseases.
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32
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Norante RP, Massimino ML, Lorenzon P, De Mario A, Peggion C, Vicario M, Albiero M, Sorgato MC, Lopreiato R, Bertoli A. Generation and validation of novel adeno-associated viral vectors for the analysis of Ca 2+ homeostasis in motor neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6521. [PMID: 28747684 PMCID: PMC5529510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A finely tuned Ca2+ homeostasis in restricted cell domains is of fundamental importance for neurons, where transient Ca2+ oscillations direct the proper coordination of electro-chemical signals and overall neuronal metabolism. Once such a precise regulation is unbalanced, however, neuronal functions and viability are severely compromised. Accordingly, disturbed Ca2+ metabolism has often been claimed as a major contributor to different neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that is characterised by selective motor neuron (MN) damage. This notion highlights the need for probes for the specific and precise analysis of local Ca2+ dynamics in MNs. Here, we generated and functionally validated adeno-associated viral vectors for the expression of gene-encoded fluorescent Ca2+ indicators targeted to different cell domains, under the transcriptional control of a MN-specific promoter. We demonstrated that the probes are specifically expressed, and allow reliable local Ca2+ measurements, in MNs from murine primary spinal cord cultures, and can also be expressed in spinal cord MNs in vivo, upon systemic administration to newborn mice. Preliminary analyses using these novel vectors have shown larger cytosolic Ca2+ responses following stimulation of AMPA receptors in the cytosol of primary cultured MNs from a murine genetic model of ALS compared to the healthy counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Pia Norante
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Lorenzon
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå Universitet, 901 87, Umeå, SE, Sweden
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Peggion
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Vicario
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Catia Sorgato
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
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Li C, Chen Y, Chen X, Wei Q, Cao B, Shang H. Downregulation of MicroRNA-193b-3p Promotes Autophagy and Cell Survival by Targeting TSC1/mTOR Signaling in NSC-34 Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:160. [PMID: 28611587 PMCID: PMC5447700 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of upper and lower motor neurons. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to be closely related to the development of ALS. However, the precise functions of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ALS remain largely unknown. In previous studies, we determined that miRNA-193b-3p was significantly downregulated in patients with sporadic ALS (sALS). Here, we observed that miRNA-193b-3p was downregulated in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS and promoted cell death in NSC-34 cells. We further found that miR-193b-3p directly targeted tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1) to regulate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. Downregulation of miR-193b-3p led to TSC1 increase accompanied with mTORC1 inactivation, and vice versa. Moreover, downregulation of miR-193b-3p promoted protective autophagy and cell survival in NSC-34 cells. In contrast, upregulation of miR-193b-3p activated mTORC1 signaling, leading to inhibition of autophagy and promotion of cell death. Taken together, our study suggests that downregulation of miR-193b-3p is required for cell survival by targeting TSC1/mTOR signaling in NSC-34 cells and provides a novel target for improving the clinical therapy of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunYu Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - YongPing Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - XuePing Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - QianQian Wei
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - HuiFang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
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34
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Hsu HT, Lo YC, Huang YM, Tseng YT, Wu SN. Important modifications by sugammadex, a modified γ-cyclodextrin, of ion currents in differentiated NSC-34 neuronal cells. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:6. [PMID: 28049438 PMCID: PMC5210182 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugammadex (SGX) is a modified γ-cyclodextrin used for reversal of steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents during general anesthesia. Despite its application in clinical use, whether SGX treatment exerts any effects on membrane ion currents in neurons remains largely unclear. In this study, effects of SGX treatment on ion currents, particularly on delayed-rectifier K+ current [I K(DR)], were extensively investigated in differentiated NSC-34 neuronal cells. RESULTS After cells were exposed to SGX (30 μM), there was a reduction in the amplitude of I K(DR) followed by an apparent slowing in current activation in response to membrane depolarization. The challenge of cells with SGX produced a depolarized shift by 15 mV in the activation curve of I K(DR) accompanied by increased gating charge of this current. However, the inactivation curve of I K(DR) remained unchanged following SGX treatment, as compared with that in untreated cells. According to a minimal reaction scheme, the lengthening of activation time constant of I K(DR) caused by cell treatment with different SGX concentrations was quantitatively estimated with a dissociation constant of 17.5 μM, a value that is clinically achievable. Accumulative slowing in I K(DR) activation elicited by repetitive stimuli was enhanced in SGX-treated cells. SGX treatment did not alter the amplitude of voltage-gated Na+ currents. In SGX-treated cells, dexamethasone (30 μM), a synthetic glucocorticoid, produced little or no effect on L-type Ca2+ currents, although it effectively suppressed the amplitude of this current in untreated cells. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of SGX may influence the amplitude and gating of I K(DR) and its actions could potentially contribute to functional activities of motor neurons if similar results were found in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Te Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesia, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 80145, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-Ming Huang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
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Sabitha KR, Sanjay D, Savita B, Raju TR, Laxmi TR. Electrophysiological characterization of Nsc-34 cell line using Microelectrode Array. J Neurol Sci 2016; 370:134-139. [PMID: 27772743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurons communicate with each other through intricate network to evolve higher brain functions. The electrical activity of the neurons plays a crucial role in shaping the connectivity. With motor neurons being vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases, understanding the electrophysiological properties of motor neurons is the need of the hour, in order to comprehend the impairment of connectivity in these diseases. NSC-34 cell line serves as an excellent model to study the properties of motor neurons as they express Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Although NSC-34 cell lines have been used to study the effect of various toxicological, neurotrophic and neuroprotective agents, the electrical activity of these cells has not been elucidated. In the current study, we have characterized the electrophysiological properties of NSC-34 cell lines using Micro-Electrode Array (MEA) as a tool. Based on the spike waveform, firing frequency, auto- and cross-correlogram analysis, we demonstrate that NSC-34 cell culture has >2 distinct types of neuronal population: principal excitatory neurons, putative interneurons and unclassified neurons. The presence of interneurons in the NSC-34 culture was characterized by increased expression of GAD-67 markers. Thus, finding an understanding of the electrophysiological properties of different population of neurons in NSC-34 cell line, will have multiple applications in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Sabitha
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - D Sanjay
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - B Savita
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - T R Raju
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - T R Laxmi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India.
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A novel approach for targeted delivery to motoneurons using cholera toxin-B modified protocells. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 273:160-174. [PMID: 27641118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trophic interactions between muscle fibers and motoneurons at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) play a critical role in determining motor function throughout development, ageing, injury, or disease. Treatment of neuromuscular disorders is hindered by the inability to selectively target motoneurons with pharmacological and genetic interventions. NEW METHOD We describe a novel delivery system to motoneurons using mesoporous silica nanoparticles encapsulated within a lipid bilayer (protocells) and modified with the atoxic subunit B of the cholera toxin (CTB) that binds to gangliosides present on neuronal membranes. RESULTS CTB modified protocells showed significantly greater motoneuron uptake compared to unmodified protocells after 24h of treatment (60% vs. 15%, respectively). CTB-protocells showed specific uptake by motoneurons compared to muscle cells and demonstrated cargo release of a surrogate drug. Protocells showed a lack of cytotoxicity and unimpaired cellular proliferation. In isolated diaphragm muscle-phrenic nerve preparations, preferential axon terminal uptake of CTB-modified protocells was observed compared to uptake in surrounding muscle tissue. A larger proportion of axon terminals displayed uptake following treatment with CTB-protocells compared to unmodified protocells (40% vs. 6%, respectively). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Current motoneuron targeting strategies lack the functionality to load and deliver multiple cargos. CTB-protocells capitalizes on the advantages of liposomes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles allowing a large loading capacity and cargo release. The ability of CTB-protocells to target motoneurons at the NMJ confers a great advantage over existing methods. CONCLUSIONS CTB-protocells constitute a viable targeted motoneuron delivery system for drugs and genes facilitating various therapies for neuromuscular diseases.
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Madji Hounoum B, Vourc'h P, Felix R, Corcia P, Patin F, Guéguinou M, Potier-Cartereau M, Vandier C, Raoul C, Andres CR, Mavel S, Blasco H. NSC-34 Motor Neuron-Like Cells Are Unsuitable as Experimental Model for Glutamate-Mediated Excitotoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:118. [PMID: 27242431 PMCID: PMC4860417 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is a major contributor to motor neuron degeneration in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The spinal cord × Neuroblastoma hybrid cell line (NSC-34) is often used as a bona fide cellular model to investigate the physiopathological mechanisms of ALS. However, the physiological response of NSC-34 to glutamate remains insufficiently described. In this study, we evaluated the relevance of differentiated NSC-34 (NSC-34D) as an in vitro model for glutamate excitotoxicity studies. NSC-34D showed morphological and physiological properties of motor neuron-like cells and expressed glutamate receptor subunits GluA1-4, GluN1 and GluN2A/D. Despite these diverse characteristics, no specific effect of glutamate was observed on cultured NSC-34D survival and morphology, in contrast to what has been described in primary culture of motor neurons (MN). Moreover, a small non sustained increase in the concentration of intracellular calcium was observed in NSC-34D after exposure to glutamate compared to primary MN. Our findings, together with the inability to obtain cultures containing only differentiated cells, suggest that the motor neuron-like NSC-34 cell line is not a suitable in vitro model to study glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. We suggest that the use of primary cultures of MN is more suitable than NSC-34 cell line to explore the pathogenesis of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity at the cellular level in ALS and other motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Madji Hounoum
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U930) "Imagerie et Cerveau", CHRU de Tours, Université François-Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U930) "Imagerie et Cerveau", CHRU de Tours, Université François-RabelaisTours, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de ToursTours, France
| | - Romain Felix
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1069) "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U930) "Imagerie et Cerveau", CHRU de Tours, Université François-RabelaisTours, France; Centre SLA, Service de Neurologie, CHRU de ToursTours, France
| | - Franck Patin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U930) "Imagerie et Cerveau", CHRU de Tours, Université François-RabelaisTours, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de ToursTours, France
| | - Maxime Guéguinou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1069) "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France
| | - Marie Potier-Cartereau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1069) "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1069) "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France
| | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM UMR1051), Saint Eloi Hospital Montpellier, France
| | - Christian R Andres
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U930) "Imagerie et Cerveau", CHRU de Tours, Université François-RabelaisTours, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de ToursTours, France
| | - Sylvie Mavel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U930) "Imagerie et Cerveau", CHRU de Tours, Université François-Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U930) "Imagerie et Cerveau", CHRU de Tours, Université François-RabelaisTours, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de ToursTours, France
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Benkler C, Barhum Y, Ben-Zur T, Offen D. Multifactorial Gene Therapy Enhancing the Glutamate Uptake System and Reducing Oxidative Stress Delays Symptom Onset and Prolongs Survival in the SOD1-G93A ALS Mouse Model. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:46-58. [PMID: 26691332 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 150-year-long search for treatments of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still fueled by frustration over the shortcomings of available therapeutics. Contributing to the therapeutic limitations might be the targeting of a single aspect of this multifactorial-multisystemic disease. In an attempt to overcome this, we devised a novel multifactorial-cocktail treatment, using lentiviruses encoding: EAAT2, GDH2, and NRF2, that act synergistically to address the band and width of the effected excito-oxidative axis, reducing extracellular-glutamate and glutamate availability while improving the metabolic state and the anti-oxidant response. This strategy yielded particularly impressive results, as all three genes together but not separately prolonged survival in ALS mice by an average of 19-22 days. This was accompanied by improvement in every parameter evaluated, including body-weight loss, reflex score, neurologic score, and motor performance. We hope to provide a novel strategy to slow down disease progression and alleviate symptoms of patients suffering from ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Benkler
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Barhum
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Ben-Zur
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, 49100, Israel.
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39
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Veyrat-Durebex C, Corcia P, Piver E, Devos D, Dangoumau A, Gouel F, Vourc'h P, Emond P, Laumonnier F, Nadal-Desbarats L, Gordon PH, Andres CR, Blasco H. Disruption of TCA Cycle and Glutamate Metabolism Identified by Metabolomics in an In Vitro Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6910-6924. [PMID: 26666663 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a cellular metabolomics model that reproduces the pathophysiological conditions found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in order to improve knowledge of disease physiology. We used a co-culture model combining the motor neuron-like cell line NSC-34 and the astrocyte clone C8-D1A, with each over-expressing wild-type or G93C mutant human SOD1, to examine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) physiology. We focused on the effects of mutant human SOD1 as well as oxidative stress induced by menadione on intracellular metabolism using a metabolomics approach through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Preliminary non-supervised analysis by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that cell type, genetic environment, and time of culture influenced the metabolomics profiles. Supervised analysis using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on data from intracellular metabolomics profiles of SOD1G93C co-cultures produced metabolites involved in glutamate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle. This study revealed the feasibility of using a metabolomics approach in a cellular model of ALS. We identified potential disruption of the TCA cycle and glutamate metabolism under oxidative stress, which is consistent with prior research in the disease. Analysis of metabolic alterations in an in vitro model is a novel approach to investigation of disease physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France. .,CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de biologie moléculaire, 37044, Tours, France.
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service de Neurologie, 37044, Tours, France
| | | | - David Devos
- Département de Pharmacologie médicale, INSERM U1171, Université Lille Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Dangoumau
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France
| | - Flore Gouel
- Département de Pharmacologie médicale, INSERM U1171, Université Lille Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de biologie moléculaire, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,PPF-ASB, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France
| | - Lydie Nadal-Desbarats
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,PPF-ASB, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Christian R Andres
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de biologie moléculaire, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de biologie moléculaire, 37044, Tours, France
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Li H, Custer SK, Gilson T, Hao LT, Beattie CE, Androphy EJ. α-COP binding to the survival motor neuron protein SMN is required for neuronal process outgrowth. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:7295-307. [PMID: 26464491 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a heritable neurodegenerative disease, results from insufficient levels of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. α-COP binds to SMN, linking the COPI vesicular transport pathway to SMA. Reduced levels of α-COP restricted development of neuronal processes in NSC-34 cells and primary cortical neurons. Remarkably, heterologous expression of human α-COP restored normal neurite length and morphology in SMN-depleted NSC-34 cells in vitro and zebrafish motor neurons in vivo. We identified single amino acid mutants of α-COP that selectively abrogate SMN binding, retain COPI-mediated Golgi-ER trafficking functionality, but were unable to support neurite outgrowth in cellular and zebrafish models of SMA. Taken together, these demonstrate the functional role of COPI association with the SMN protein in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA and
| | - Sara K Custer
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA and
| | - Timra Gilson
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA and
| | - Le Thi Hao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christine E Beattie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Elliot J Androphy
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA and
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Liu X, Xu S, Wang P, Wang W. Transient mitochondrial permeability transition mediates excitotoxicity in glutamate-sensitive NSC34D motor neuron-like cells. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:122-30. [PMID: 26024861 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity plays a critical role in neurodegenerative disease. Cytosolic calcium overload and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the major mediators of high level glutamate-induced neuron death. Here, we show that the transient opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (tMPT) bridges cytosolic calcium signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction and mediates glutamate-induced neuron death. Incubation of the differentiated motor neuron-like NSC34D cells with glutamate (1mM) acutely induces cytosolic calcium transient (30% increase). Glutamate also stimulates tMPT opening, as reflected by a 2-fold increase in the frequency of superoxide flash, a bursting superoxide production event in individual mitochondria coupled to tMPT opening. The glutamate-induced tMPT opening is attenuated by suppressing cytosolic calcium influx and abolished by inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) with Ru360 (100 μM) or MCU shRNA. Further, increased cytosolic calcium is sufficient to induce tMPT in a mitochondrial calcium dependent manner. Finally, chronic glutamate incubation (24h) persistently elevates the probability of tMPT opening, promotes oxidative stress and induces neuron death. Attenuating tMPT activity or inhibiting MCU protects NSC34D cells from glutamate-induced cell death. These results indicate that high level glutamate-induced neuron toxicity is mediated by tMPT, which connects increased cytosolic calcium signal to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Chu TH, Guo A, Wu W. Down-regulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in spinal motor neurones under oxidative stress. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 40:435-51. [PMID: 23808792 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is an intermediate enzyme in base excision repair which is important for removing damaged nucleotides under normal and pathological conditions. Accumulation of damaged bases causes genome instability and jeopardizes cell survival. Our study is to examine APE1 regulation under oxidative stress in spinal motor neurones which are vulnerable to oxidative insult. METHODS We challenged the motor neurone-like cell line NSC-34 with hydrogen peroxide and delineated APE1 function by applying various inhibitors. We also examined the expression of APE1 in spinal motor neurones after spinal root avulsion in adult rats. RESULTS We showed that hydrogen peroxide induced APE1 down-regulation and cell death in a differentiated motor neurone-like cell line. Inhibiting the two functional domains of APE1, namely, DNA repair and redox domains potentiated hydrogen peroxide induced cell death. We further showed that p53 phosphorylation early after hydrogen peroxide treatment might contribute to the down-regulation of APE1. Our in vivo results similarly showed that APE1 was down-regulated after root avulsion injury in spinal motor neurones. Delay of motor neurone death suggested that APE1 might not cause immediate cell death but render motor neurones vulnerable to further oxidative insults. CONCLUSION We conclude that spinal motor neurones down-regulate APE1 upon oxidative stress. This property renders motor neurones susceptible to continuous challenge of oxidative stress in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak-Ho Chu
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Research Center of Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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43
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Lee SH, Choi NY, Yu HJ, Park J, Choi H, Lee KY, Huh YM, Lee YJ, Koh SH. Atorvastatin Protects NSC-34 Motor Neurons Against Oxidative Stress by Activating PI3K, ERK and Free Radical Scavenging. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:695-705. [PMID: 25577170 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although statins, or hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-Co A) reductase inhibitors, are generally used to decrease levels of circulating cholesterol, they have also been reported to have neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms. However, recent results have indicated that they may be harmful in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we investigate whether atorvastatin protects motor neuron-like cells (NSC-34D) from oxidative stress. To evaluate the effects of atorvastatin or hydrogen peroxide or both on NSC-34D cells, the cells were treated with various combinations of these agents. To evaluate the viability of the cells, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and trypan blue staining were performed. Levels of free radicals and intracellular signaling proteins were evaluated using the fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and Western blotting, respectively. Atorvastatin protected NSC-34D cells against oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner. This neuroprotective effect of atorvastatin was blocked by LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor and by FR180204, a selective extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) inhibitor. Atorvastatin treatment increased the expression levels of p85αPI3K, phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β, phosphorylated ERK, and Bcl-2, which are proteins related to survival. Furthermore, atorvastatin decreased the levels of cytosolic cytochrome C, Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3, which are associated with death in oxidative stress-injured NSC-34D cells. We conclude that atorvastatin has a protective effect against oxidative stress in motor neurons by activating the PI3K and ERK pathways as well as by scavenging free radicals. These findings indicate that statins could help protect motor neurons from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Ho Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 249-1 Gyomun-dong, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Choi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeung Yu
- Department of Neurology, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea
| | - Jinse Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 249-1 Gyomun-dong, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Yong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 249-1 Gyomun-dong, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 249-1 Gyomun-dong, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 249-1 Gyomun-dong, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kanjilal B, Keyser BM, Andres DK, Nealley E, Benton B, Melber AA, Andres JF, Letukas VA, Clark O, Ray R. Differentiated NSC-34 cells as anin vitrocell model for VX. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:488-94. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.943442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hornburg D, Drepper C, Butter F, Meissner F, Sendtner M, Mann M. Deep proteomic evaluation of primary and cell line motoneuron disease models delineates major differences in neuronal characteristics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3410-20. [PMID: 25193168 PMCID: PMC4256493 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.037291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatal neurodegenerative disorders amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy are, respectively, the most common motoneuron disease and genetic cause of infant death. Various in vitro model systems have been established to investigate motoneuron disease mechanisms, in particular immortalized cell lines and primary neurons. Using quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, we compared the proteomes of primary motoneurons to motoneuron-like cell lines NSC-34 and N2a, as well as to non-neuronal control cells, at a depth of 10,000 proteins. We used this resource to evaluate the suitability of murine in vitro model systems for cell biological and biochemical analysis of motoneuron disease mechanisms. Individual protein and pathway analysis indicated substantial differences between motoneuron-like cell lines and primary motoneurons, especially for proteins involved in differentiation, cytoskeleton, and receptor signaling, whereas common metabolic pathways were more similar. The proteins associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis also showed distinct differences between cell lines and primary motoneurons, providing a molecular basis for understanding fundamental alterations between cell lines and neurons with respect to neuronal pathways with relevance for disease mechanisms. Our study provides a proteomics resource for motoneuron research and presents a paradigm of how mass-spectrometry-based proteomics can be used to evaluate disease model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hornburg
- From the ‡Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Carsten Drepper
- §Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, 97078 Germany; ¶Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Falk Butter
- From the ‡Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany; ‖Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- From the ‡Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany;
| | | | - Matthias Mann
- From the ‡Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany;
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46
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Vijayalakshmi K, Ostwal P, Sumitha R, Shruthi S, Varghese AM, Mishra P, Manohari SG, Sagar BC, Sathyaprabha TN, Nalini A, Raju TR, Alladi PA. Role of VEGF and VEGFR2 Receptor in Reversal of ALS-CSF Induced Degeneration of NSC-34 Motor Neuron Cell Line. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:995-1007. [PMID: 24880751 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the well-known angiogenic factor is both neurotrophic and neuroprotective. Altered VEGF signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal degenerative disease of motor neurons. We have shown earlier that VEGF protects NSC-34 motor neuronal cell line, when exposed to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from sporadic ALS patients (ALS-CSF). Here, we have investigated the consequences of ALS-CSF and VEGF supplementation on the VEGFR2 receptor and endogenous VEGF expression. ALS-CSF caused significant down-regulation of VEGFR2 as well as the Calbindin-D28K levels, but not endogenous VEGF. Exogenous supplementation restored the depletion of VEGFR2 and Calbindin-D28K with a concomitant up-regulation of endogenous VEGF. The up-regulated caspase 3 in the ALS-CSF group was reinstated to basal levels along with a significant reduction in the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Electron photomicrographs of ALS-CSF-exposed cells divulged presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles alongside severe damage to organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. Substantial recovery of most of the damaged organelles was noted in response to VEGF supplementation. While the enhancement in endogenous VEGF levels highlights the autocrine functions, the up-regulation of VEGFR2 receptor emphasizes the paracrine functions of VEGF in modulating its neuroprotective effect against ALS-CSF. The revival of cellular organellar structure, increased calbindin expression and enhanced survival in response to VEGF supplementation consolidates the opinion that VEGF indeed has a therapeutic potential in sporadic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560 029, India
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Vaz AR, Cunha C, Gomes C, Schmucki N, Barbosa M, Brites D. Glycoursodeoxycholic acid reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 and caspase-9 activation in a cellular model of superoxide dismutase-1 neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:864-77. [PMID: 24848512 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects mainly motor neurons (MNs). NSC-34 MN-like cells carrying the G93A mutation in human superoxide dismutase-1 (hSOD1(G93A)) are a common model to study the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in ALS. Although the underlying pathways of MN failure still remain elusive, increased apoptosis and oxidative stress seem to be implicated. Riluzole, the only approved drug, only slightly delays ALS progression. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), as well as its glycine (glycoursodeoxycholic acid, GUDCA) and taurine (TUDCA) conjugated species, have shown therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative models and diseases. Pilot studies in ALS patients indicate safety and tolerability for UDCA oral administration. We explored the mechanisms associated with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) accumulation and MN degeneration in NSC-34/hSOD1(G93A) cells differentiated for 4 days in vitro (DIV). We examined GUDCA efficacy in preventing such pathological events and in restoring MN functionality by incubating cells with 50 μM GUDCA at 0 DIV and at 2 DIV, respectively. Increased cytosolic SOD1 inclusions were observed in 4 DIV NSC-34/hSOD1(G93A) cells together with decreased mitochondria viability (1.2-fold, p < 0.01), caspase-9 activation (1.8-fold, p < 0.05), and apoptosis (2.1-fold, p < 0.01). GUDCA exerted preventive effects (p < 0.05) while also reduced caspase-9 levels when added at 2 DIV (p < 0.05). ATP depletion (2-fold, p < 0.05), increased nitrites (1.6-fold, p < 0.05) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation (1.8-fold, p < 0.05), but no changes in MMP-2, were observed in the extracellular media of 4 DIV NSC-34/hSOD1(G93A) cells. GUDCA inhibited nitrite production (p < 0.05) while simultaneously prevented and reverted MMP-9 activation (p < 0.05), but not ATP depletion. Data highlight caspase-9 and MMP-9 activation as key pathomechanisms in ALS and GUDCA as a promising therapeutic strategy for slowing disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Vaz
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pathogenic effects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked mutation in D-amino acid oxidase are mediated by D-serine. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:876-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sim N, Pal R, Parker D, Engelmann J, Mishra A, Gottschalk S. Magnetic resonance and optical imaging probes for NMDA receptors on the cell surface of neurons: synthesis and evaluation in cellulo. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9389-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01848f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A second generation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-targeted MRI contrast agents has been synthesised, based on bicyclic NMDA receptor antagonists and show selective and reversible cell-surface binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Sim
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Joern Engelmann
- High Field MR Centre
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anurag Mishra
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging
- Helmholtz Center
| | - Sven Gottschalk
- High Field MR Centre
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging
- Helmholtz Center
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50
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Advances in cellular models to explore the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:966-83. [PMID: 24198229 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common adult-onset motor neuron disorder, is fatal for most patients less than 3 years from when the first symptoms appear. The aetiologies for sporadic and most familial forms of ALS are unknown, but genetic factors are increasingly recognized as causal in a subset of patients. Studies of disease physiology suggest roles for oxidative stress, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity or protein aggregation; how these pathways interact in the complex pathophysiology of ALS awaits elucidation. Cellular models are being used to examine disease mechanisms. Recent advances include the availability of expanded cell types, from neuronal or glial cell culture to motoneuron-astrocyte co-culture genetically or environmentally modified. Cell culture experiments confirmed the central role of glial cells in ALS. The recent adaptation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for ALS modeling could allow a broader perspective and is expected to generate new hypotheses, related particularly to mechanisms underlying genetic factors. Cellular models have provided meaningful advances in the understanding of ALS, but, to date, complete characterization of in vitro models is only partially described. Consensus on methodological approaches, strategies for validation and techniques that allow rapid adaptation to new genetic or environmental influences is needed. In this article, we review the principal cellular models being employed in ALS and highlight their contribution to the understanding of disease mechanisms. We conclude with recommendations on means to enhance the robustness and generalizability of the different concepts for experimental ALS.
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