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Haro-Reyes T, Díaz-Peralta L, Galván-Hernández A, Rodríguez-López A, Rodríguez-Fragoso L, Ortega-Blake I. Polyene Antibiotics Physical Chemistry and Their Effect on Lipid Membranes; Impacting Biological Processes and Medical Applications. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070681. [PMID: 35877884 PMCID: PMC9316096 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This review examined a collection of studies regarding the molecular properties of some polyene antibiotic molecules as well as their properties in solution and in particular environmental conditions. We also looked into the proposed mechanism of action of polyenes, where membrane properties play a crucial role. Given the interest in polyene antibiotics as therapeutic agents, we looked into alternative ways of reducing their collateral toxicity, including semi-synthesis of derivatives and new formulations. We follow with studies on the role of membrane structure and, finally, recent developments regarding the most important clinical applications of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Haro-Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Lucero Díaz-Peralta
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Arturo Galván-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Anahi Rodríguez-López
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.-L.); (L.R.-F.)
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez-Fragoso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.-L.); (L.R.-F.)
| | - Iván Ortega-Blake
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-77-7329-1762
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Eiden M, Gedvilaite A, Leidel F, Ulrich RG, Groschup MH. Vaccination with Prion Peptide-Displaying Polyomavirus-Like Particles Prolongs Incubation Time in Scrapie-Infected Mice. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050811. [PMID: 33946367 PMCID: PMC8147134 DOI: 10.3390/v13050811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases like scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle or Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) in humans are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the conformational conversion of the normal, mainly α-helical cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the abnormal β-sheet rich infectious isoform PrPSc. Various therapeutic or prophylactic approaches have been conducted, but no approved therapeutic treatment is available so far. Immunisation against prions is hampered by the self-tolerance to PrPC in mammalian species. One strategy to avoid this tolerance is presenting PrP variants in virus-like particles (VLPs). Therefore, we vaccinated C57/BL6 mice with nine prion peptide variants presented by hamster polyomavirus capsid protein VP1/VP2-derived VLPs. Mice were subsequently challenged intraperitoneally with the murine RML prion strain. Importantly, one group exhibited significantly increased mean survival time of 240 days post-inoculation compared with 202 days of the control group. These data show that immunisation with VLPs presenting PrP peptides may represent a promising strategy for an effective vaccination against transmissible spongiform encephalitis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (F.L.); (R.G.U.); (M.H.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alma Gedvilaite
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Fabienne Leidel
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (F.L.); (R.G.U.); (M.H.G.)
- Task Force Animal Diseases, Darmstadt Regional Administrative Council, Luisenplatz 2, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (F.L.); (R.G.U.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (F.L.); (R.G.U.); (M.H.G.)
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Holec SA, Block AJ, Bartz JC. The role of prion strain diversity in the development of successful therapeutic treatments. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 175:77-119. [PMID: 32958242 PMCID: PMC8939712 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prions are a self-propagating misfolded conformation of a cellular protein. Prions are found in several eukaryotic organisms with mammalian prion diseases encompassing a wide range of disorders. The first recognized prion disease, the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), affect several species including humans. Alzheimer's disease, synucleinopathies, and tauopathies share a similar mechanism of self-propagation of the prion form of the disease-specific protein reminiscent of the infection process of TSEs. Strain diversity in prion disease is characterized by differences in the phenotype of disease that is hypothesized to be encoded by strain-specific conformations of the prion form of the disease-specific protein. Prion therapeutics that target the prion form of the disease-specific protein can lead to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of prions, consistent with the hypothesis that prion strains exist as a dynamic mixture of a dominant strain in combination with minor substrains. To overcome this obstacle, therapies that reduce or eliminate the template of conversion are efficacious, may reverse neuropathology, and do not result in the emergence of drug resistance. Recent advancements in preclinical diagnosis of prion infection may allow for a combinational approach that treats the prion form and the precursor protein to effectively treat prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A.M. Holec
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Alyssa J. Block
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jason C. Bartz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States,Corresponding author:
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Jha NN, Kumar R, Panigrahi R, Navalkar A, Ghosh D, Sahay S, Mondal M, Kumar A, Maji SK. Comparison of α-Synuclein Fibril Inhibition by Four Different Amyloid Inhibitors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2722-2733. [PMID: 28872299 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) into toxic oligomers and fibrils leads to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Molecules that can inhibit the fibrillization and oligomerization of α-Syn have potential therapeutic value. Here, we studied four selective amyloid inhibitors: dopamine (Dopa), amphotericin-B (Amph), epigallocatechingallate (EGCG), and quinacrinedihydrochloride (Quin) for their effect on oligomerization, fibrillization, and preformed fibrils of α-Syn. The aggregation kinetics of α-Syn using ThT fluorescence and conformational transition by circular dichroism (CD) in the presence and absence of these four compounds suggest that, except Quin, the remaining three molecules inhibit α-Syn aggregation in a concentration dependent manner. Consistent with the aggregation kinetics data, the morphological study of aggregates formed in the presence of these compounds showed corresponding decrease in fibrillar size. The analysis of cell viability using MTT assay showed reduction in toxicity of α-Syn aggregates formed in the presence of these compounds, which also correlates with reduction of exposed hydrophobic surface as studied by ANS binding. Additionally, these inhibitors, except Quin, demonstrated reduction in size as well as the toxicity of oligomeric/fibrillar aggregates of α-Syn. The residue specific interaction to low molecular weight (LMW) species of α-Syn by 2D NMR study revealed that, the region and extent of binding are different for all these molecules. Furthermore, fibril-binding data using SPR suggested that there is no direct relationship between the binding affinity and fibril inhibition by these compounds. The present study suggests that sequence based interaction of small molecules with soluble α-Syn might dictate their inhibition or modulation capacity, which might be helpful in designing modulators of α-Syn aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Nath Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Rajlaxmi Panigrahi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Shruti Sahay
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Mritunjoy Mondal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Samir. K. Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
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Socias SB, González-Lizárraga F, Avila CL, Vera C, Acuña L, Sepulveda-Diaz JE, Del-Bel E, Raisman-Vozari R, Chehin RN. Exploiting the therapeutic potential of ready-to-use drugs: Repurposing antibiotics against amyloid aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 162:17-36. [PMID: 29241812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic and progressive disorders that affect specific regions of the brain, causing gradual disability and suffering that results in a complete inability of patients to perform daily functions. Amyloid aggregation of specific proteins is the most common biological event that is responsible for neuronal death and neurodegeneration in various neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic agents capable of interfering with the abnormal aggregation are required, but traditional drug discovery has fallen short. The exploration of new uses for approved drugs provides a useful alternative to fill the gap between the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and the long-term assessment of classical drug discovery technologies. Drug re-profiling is currently the quickest possible transition from bench to bedside. In this way, experimental evidence shows that some antibiotic compounds exert neuroprotective action through anti-aggregating activity on disease-associated proteins. The finding that many antibiotics can cross the blood-brain barrier and have been used for several decades without serious toxic effects makes them excellent candidates for therapeutic switching towards neurological disorders. The present review is, to our knowledge, the first extensive evaluation and analysis of the anti-amyloidogenic effect of different antibiotics on well-known disease-associated proteins. In addition, we propose a common structural signature derived from the antiaggregant antibiotic molecules that could be relevant to rational drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio B Socias
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, Argentina
| | - Florencia González-Lizárraga
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, Argentina
| | - Cesar L Avila
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vera
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Acuña
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, Argentina; Sorbonne Universite, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Julia E Sepulveda-Diaz
- Sorbonne Universite, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Stomatology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Sorbonne Universite, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.
| | - Rosana N Chehin
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, Argentina.
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6
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Ke PC, Sani MA, Ding F, Kakinen A, Javed I, Separovic F, Davis TP, Mezzenga R. Implications of peptide assemblies in amyloid diseases. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6492-6531. [PMID: 28702523 PMCID: PMC5902192 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00372b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and type 2 diabetes are global epidemics compromising the quality of life of millions worldwide, with profound social and economic implications. Despite the significant differences in pathology - much of which are poorly understood - these diseases are commonly characterized by the presence of cross-β amyloid fibrils as well as the loss of neuronal or pancreatic β-cells. In this review, we document research progress on the molecular and mesoscopic self-assembly of amyloid-beta, alpha synuclein, human islet amyloid polypeptide and prions, the peptides and proteins associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type 2 diabetes and prion diseases. In addition, we discuss the toxicities of these amyloid proteins based on their self-assembly as well as their interactions with membranes, metal ions, small molecules and engineered nanoparticles. Through this presentation we show the remarkable similarities and differences in the structural transitions of the amyloid proteins through primary and secondary nucleation, the common evolution from disordered monomers to alpha-helices and then to β-sheets when the proteins encounter the cell membrane, and, the consensus (with a few exceptions) that off-pathway oligomers, rather than amyloid fibrils, are the toxic species regardless of the pathogenic protein sequence or physicochemical properties. In addition, we highlight the crucial role of molecular self-assembly in eliciting the biological and pathological consequences of the amyloid proteins within the context of their cellular environments and their spreading between cells and organs. Exploiting such structure-function-toxicity relationship may prove pivotal for the detection and mitigation of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marc-Antonie Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Aleksandr Kakinen
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Science & Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO, E23, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of invariably fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative disorders that are associated with the misfolding of the normal cellular prion protein, with the misfolded conformers constituting an infectious unit referred to as a "prion". Prions can spread within an affected organism by directly propagating this misfolding within and between cells and can transmit disease between animals of the same and different species. Prion diseases have a range of clinical phenotypes in humans and animals, with a principle determinant of this attributed to different conformations of the misfolded protein, referred to as prion strains. This chapter will describe the different clinical manifestations of prion diseases, the evidence that these diseases can be transmitted by an infectious protein and how the misfolding of this protein causes disease.
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Abstract
Since the term protein was first coined in 1838 and protein was discovered to be the essential component of fibrin and albumin, all cellular proteins were presumed to play beneficial roles in plants and mammals. However, in 1967, Griffith proposed that proteins could be infectious pathogens and postulated their involvement in scrapie, a universally fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in goats and sheep. Nevertheless, this novel hypothesis had not been evidenced until 1982, when Prusiner and coworkers purified infectious particles from scrapie-infected hamster brains and demonstrated that they consisted of a specific protein that he called a "prion." Unprecedentedly, the infectious prion pathogen is actually derived from its endogenous cellular form in the central nervous system. Unlike other infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, prions do not contain genetic materials such as DNA or RNA. The unique traits and genetic information of prions are believed to be encoded within the conformational structure and posttranslational modifications of the proteins. Remarkably, prion-like behavior has been recently observed in other cellular proteins-not only in pathogenic roles but also serving physiological functions. The significance of these fascinating developments in prion biology is far beyond the scope of a single cellular protein and its related disease.
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Leidel F, Eiden M, Geissen M, Kretzschmar HA, Giese A, Hirschberger T, Tavan P, Schätzl HM, Groschup MH. Diphenylpyrazole-derived compounds increase survival time of mice after prion infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:4774-81. [PMID: 21746938 PMCID: PMC3186986 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00151-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) represent a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that can be transmitted by natural infection or inoculation. TSEs include scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. The emergence of a variant form of CJD (vCJD), which has been associated with BSE, produced strong pressure to search for effective treatments with new drugs. Up to now, however, TSEs have proved incurable, although many efforts have been made both in vitro and in vivo to search for potent therapeutic and prophylactic compounds. For this purpose, we analyzed a compound library consisting of 10,000 compounds with a cell-based high-throughput screening assay dealing with scrapie-infected scrapie mouse brain and ScN(2)A cells and identified a new class of inhibitors consisting of 3,5-diphenylpyrazole (DPP) derivatives. The most effective DPP derivative showed half-maximal inhibition of PrP(Sc) formation at concentrations (IC(50)) of 0.6 and 1.2 μM, respectively. This compound was subsequently subjected to a number of animal experiments using scrapie-infected wild-type C57BL/6 and transgenic Tga20 mice. The DPP derivative induced a significant increase of incubation time both in therapeutic and prophylactic experiments. The onset of the prion disease was delayed by 37 days after intraperitoneal and 42 days after oral application, respectively. In summary, we demonstrate a high in vitro efficiency of DPP derivatives against prion infections that was substantiated in vivo for one of these compounds. These results indicate that the novel class of DPP compounds should comprise excellent candidates for future therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Leidel
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Markus Geissen
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Hans A. Kretzschmar
- Institute for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- Institute for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hirschberger
- Arbeitsgruppe Theoretische Biophysik, Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Tavan
- Arbeitsgruppe Theoretische Biophysik, Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann M. Schätzl
- Department of Molecular Biology and of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Ouidja MO, Petit E, Kerros ME, Ikeda Y, Morin C, Carpentier G, Barritault D, Brugère-Picoux J, Deslys JP, Adjou K, Papy-Garcia D. Structure-activity studies of heparan mimetic polyanions for anti-prion therapies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 363:95-100. [PMID: 17826736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polysulfated molecules, as the family of heparan mimetics (HMs) and pentosan polysulfate, are considered among the more promising drugs used in experimental models of prion diseases. Regardless of their therapeutic potential, structure-function studies on these polyanions are still missing. Here, we report the syntheses of a library of HMs of different molecular sizes, containing various sulfation and carboxylation levels, and substituted or not by different hydrophobic cores. The HMs capacities to inhibit the accumulation of PrPres in chronically infected cells (ScGT1-7) and their PrPc binding abilities were examined. Our results showed that an optimal size and sulfation degree are needed for optimum activity, that incorporation of hydrophobic moieties increases compounds efficacy and that the presence of carboxymethyl moieties decreases it. These structural features should be considered on the modelling of polyanionic compounds for optimum anti-prion activities and for advancing in the understanding the mechanisms involved in their biological actions.
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Chich JF, Schaeffer B, Bouin AP, Mouthon F, Labas V, Larramendy C, Deslys JP, Grosclaude J. Prion infection-impaired functional blocks identified by proteomics enlighten the targets and the curing pathways of an anti-prion drug. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2006; 1774:154-67. [PMID: 17174161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prion-induced neurodegeneration results from multiple cellular alterations among which the accumulation of a modified form of the host protein PrP is but a hallmark. Drug treatments need understanding of underlying mechanisms. Proteomics allows getting a comprehensive view of perturbations leading to neuronal death. Heparan sulfate mimetics has proved to be efficient to clear scrapie protein in cultured cells and in animals. To investigate the mechanisms of drug attack, protein profiles of the neuronal cell line GT1 and its chronically Chandler strain infected counterpart were compared, either in steady state cultures or after a 4-day drug treatment. Differentially expressed proteins were associated into functional blocks relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. Protein structure repair and modification, proteolysis, cell shape and energy/oxidation players were affected by infection, in agreement with prion biology. Unexpectedly, novel affected blocks related to translation, nucleus structure and DNA replication were unravelled displaying commonalities with proliferative processes. The drug had a double action in infected cells by reversing protein levels back to normal in some blocks and by heightening survival functions in others. This study emphasizes the interest of a proteomic approach to unravel novel networks involved in prion infection and curing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Chich
- Biologie Physico-Chimique des Prions, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France.
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Moussa A, Coleman AW, Bencsik A, Leclere E, Perret F, Martin A, Perron H. Use of streptomycin for precipitation and detection of proteinase K resistant prion protein (PrPsc) in biological samples. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:973-5. [PMID: 16491180 DOI: 10.1039/b516965h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of streptomycin to form multimolecular aggregates with pathogenic prion proteins and their recovery by precipitation via a low-speed centrifugation step has been demonstrated; these novel properties of streptomycin make it a useful substance that increases the sensitivity of laboratory diagnostic techniques for prion infections in man and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Moussa
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Site de Lyon F69364, France.
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Loberto N, Prioni S, Bettiga A, Chigorno V, Prinetti A, Sonnino S. The membrane environment of endogenous cellular prion protein in primary rat cerebellar neurons. J Neurochem 2005; 95:771-83. [PMID: 16248888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the membrane environment of cellular prion protein in primary cultured rat cerebellar neurons differentiated in vitro. In these cells, about 45% of total cellular prion protein (corresponding to a 35-fold enrichment) is associated with a low-density, sphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched membrane fraction, that can be separated by flotation on sucrose gradient. Biotinylation experiments indicated that almost all prion protein recovered in this fraction was exposed at the cell surface. Prion protein was efficiently separated from this fraction by a monoclonal antibody immuno-separation procedure. Under conditions designed to preserve lipid-mediated membrane organization, several proteins were found in the prion protein-enriched membrane domains (i.e. the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Lyn and Fyn and the neuronal glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein Thy-1). The prion protein-rich membrane domains contained, as well, about 50% of the sphingolipids, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine present in the sphingolipid-enriched membrane fraction. All main sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin, neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides, were similarly enriched in the prion protein-rich membrane domains. Thus, prion protein plasma membrane environment in differentiated neurons resulted to be a complex entity, whose integrity requires a network of lipid-mediated non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Loberto
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
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Carmody M, Murphy B, Byrne B, Power P, Rai D, Rawlings B, Caffrey P. Biosynthesis of amphotericin derivatives lacking exocyclic carboxyl groups. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:34420-6. [PMID: 16079135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m506689200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B is a medically important antifungal antibiotic that is also active against human immunodeficiency virus, Leishmania parasites, and prion diseases. The therapeutic use of amphotericin B is restricted by severe side effects that can be moderated by liposomal formulation or structural alteration. Chemical modification has shown that suppression of charge on the exocyclic carboxyl group of amphotericin B substantially reduces toxicity. We report targeted deletions of the amphN cytochrome P450 gene from the chromosome of the amphotericin-producing bacterium Streptomyces nodosus. The mutant strains produced amphotericin analogues in which methyl groups replace the exocyclic carboxyl groups. These compounds retained antifungal activity and had reduced hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmody
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Abstract
Devising approaches to the therapy of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or prion diseases, is beset by many difficulties. For one, the nature of the infectious agent, the prion, is understood only in outline, and its composition, structure, and mode of replication are still shrouded in mystery. In addition, the mechanism of pathogenesis is not well understood. Because clinical disease affects mainly the brain parenchyme, therapeutic agents must be able to traverse the brain-blood barrier (BBB) or have to be introduced directly into the cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue. And finally, because the disease is usually recognized only after onset of severe clinical symptoms, the question arises as to whether the neurodegenerative processes can be reversed to any extent after a successful eradication of the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Weissmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease/MRC Prion Unit, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Abstract
Prion diseases are unique in that they comprise sporadic, genetic, and iatrogenically or environmentally acquired forms. When disease is acquired by peripheral route, neuroinvasion occurs via at least two different neural pathways (vague and splanchnic nerves) and is usually preceded by prion propagation in secondary lymphoid organs. Conversely, in the other etiologic forms, PrPSc formation occurs within, and is apparently limited to, the CNS. Longitudinal studies on experimental scrapie indicate that substantial neuropathologic changes (i.e., glial activation and nerve cell degeneration) already are present before the onset of symptoms and are topographically related to PrPSc deposits. Accordingly, any effective intervention should start during the preclinical stage of disease, and be aimed at preventing neuroinvasion or PrPSc propagation in the CNS. Unfortunately, no tests are available currently to detect presymptomatic individuals, except for carriers of pathogenic mutations of the PRNP gene. Inhibition of PrPSc formation can be achieved through (1) abrogation of PrPC synthesis or prevention of its transport to the cell surface; (2) stabilization of the PrPC structure to make its conformational change unfavorable; (3) sequestration of PrPSc; (4) reversion of PrPSc to a protease-sensitive form; or (5) interference with the interaction between PrPC, PrPSc, and other macromolecules that feature in the conversion process. The compounds that have some effectiveness in in vitro, cell culture, or animal models of prion disease seem to operate through one of these mechanisms (see Table 1); however, even the most effective drugs only work when administered at the time of infection or very short thereafter, and these conditions are incurable at present. The heterogeneity and complexity of the etiopathogenesis of prion diseases suggest that various strategies and a combination of several compounds with different modes of actions are likely necessary for prevention and treatment. Major efforts should be focused on the development of preclinical diagnostic tests in conjunction with immunization strategies for diseases acquired by peripheral route and identification of more effective compounds for the other etiological forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurology, Instituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Lehmann S, Béranger F, Solassol J, Ceschia A, Perrier V, De Gassart A, Vilette D, Laude H, Kellermann O, Mangé A. [Cell culture models of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies]. C R Biol 2002; 325:59-65. [PMID: 11862623 DOI: 10.1016/s1631-0691(02)01391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures represent versatile and useful experimental models of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. These models include chronically prion infected cell lines, as well as cultures expressing variable amounts of wild-type, mutated or chimeric prion proteins. These cultures have been widely used to investigate the biology of both the normal and the pathological isoform of the prion protein. They have also contributed to the comprehension of the pathogenic processes occurring in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and in the development of new therapeutic approaches of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Lehmann
- Institut de génétique humaine, CNRS UPR 1142, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France.
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Head MW, Farquhar CF, Mabbott NA, Fraser JR. The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: pathogenic mechanisms and strategies for therapeutic intervention. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2001; 5:569-585. [PMID: 12540284 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.5.5.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Primary neurodegenerative diseases tend to be intractable and largely affect the elderly. There is rarely the opportunity to identify individuals at risk and the appearance of clinical symptoms usually signifies the occurrence of irreversible neurological damage. This situation describes sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease which occurs world-wide, affecting one person per million per annum. The epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the UK in the 1980s and the subsequent causal appearance of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in young UK residents in the 1990s has refocused attention on this whole group of diseases, known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases. The potentially lengthy incubation period of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, including perhaps an obligate peripheral phase, prior to neuroinvasion, marks variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease out as different from sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The formal possibility of detecting individuals infected with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent during this asymptomatic peripheral phase provides a strong incentive for the development of therapies for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, with particular reference to in vitro and animal model systems. Such systems have proved invaluable in the identification of potential therapeutic strategies that either specifically target the prion protein or more generally target peripheral pathogenesis. Furthermore, recent experiments in animal models suggest that even after neuroinvasion there may be pharmacological avenues to explore that might retard or even halt the degenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Head
- National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit and Department of Pathology of Edinburgh University, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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Caffrey P, Lynch S, Flood E, Finnan S, Oliynyk M. Amphotericin biosynthesis in Streptomyces nodosus: deductions from analysis of polyketide synthase and late genes. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2001; 8:713-23. [PMID: 11451671 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(01)00046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polyene macrolide amphotericin B is produced by Streptomyces nodosus ATCC14899. Amphotericin B is a potent antifungal antibiotic and has activity against some viruses, protozoans and prions. Treatment of systemic fungal infections with amphotericin B is complicated by its low water-solubility and side effects which include severe nephrotoxicity. Analogues with improved properties could be generated by manipulating amphotericin biosynthetic genes in S. nodosus. RESULTS A large polyketide synthase gene cluster was cloned from total cellular DNA of S. nodosus. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 113193 bp of this region revealed six large polyketide synthase genes as well as genes for two cytochrome P450 enzymes, two ABC transporter proteins, and genes involved in biosynthesis and attachment of mycosamine. Phage KC515-mediated gene disruption was used to show that this region is involved in amphotericin production. CONCLUSIONS The availability of these genes and the development of a method for gene disruption and replacement in S. nodosus should allow production of novel amphotericins. A panel of analogues could lead to identification of derivatives with increased solubility, improved biological activity and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Caffrey
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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Chiesa R, Harris DA. Nerve growth factor-induced differentiation does not alter the biochemical properties of a mutant prion protein expressed in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2000; 75:72-80. [PMID: 10854249 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insertional and point mutations in the gene encoding the prion protein (PrP) are responsible for familial prion diseases. We have previously generated lines of Chinese hamster ovary cells that express PrP molecules carrying pathogenic mutations, and found that the mutant proteins display several biochemical properties reminiscent of PrP(Sc), the infectious isoform of PrP. To analyze the properties and effects of mutant PrP molecules expressed in cells with a neuronal phenotype, we have constructed stably transfected lines of PC12 cells that synthesize a PrP molecule carrying a nine-octapeptide insertion. We report here that this mutant PrP acquires scrapie-like properties, including detergent insolubility, protease resistance, and resistance to phospholipase cleavage of its glycolipid anchor. A detergent-insoluble and phospholipase-resistant form of the mutant protein is also released spontaneously into conditioned medium. These scrapie-like biochemical properties are quantitatively similar to those seen in Chinese hamster ovary cells and are not affected by differentiation of the PC12 cells into sympathetic neurons by nerve growth factor. Moreover, there is no detectable effect of mutant PrP expression on the morphology or viability of the cells in either the differentiated or undifferentiated state. These results indicate that conversion of mutant PrP into a PrP(Sc)-like form does not depend critically on the cellular context, and they suggest that mutant PrP expressed in cultured cells, even those having the phenotype of differentiated neurons, is not neurotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chiesa
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Mangé A, Nishida N, Milhavet O, McMahon HE, Casanova D, Lehmann S. Amphotericin B inhibits the generation of the scrapie isoform of the prion protein in infected cultures. J Virol 2000; 74:3135-40. [PMID: 10708429 PMCID: PMC111813 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.7.3135-3140.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies form a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that have the unique property of being infectious, sporadic, or genetic in origin. Although some doubts about the nature of the responsible agent of these diseases remain, it is clear that a protein called PrP(Sc) plays a central role. PrP(Sc) is a conformational variant of PrP(C), the normal host protein. Polyene antibiotics such as amphotericin B have been shown to delay the accumulation of PrP(Sc) and to increase the incubation time of the disease after experimental transmission in laboratory animals. Unlike for Congo red and sulfated polyanions, no effect of amphotericin B has been observed in infected cultures. We show here for the first time that amphotericin B can inhibit PrP(Sc) generation in scrapie-infected GT1-7 and N2a cells. Its activity seems to be related to a modification of the properties of detergent-resistant microdomains. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of action of amphotericin B and confirm the usefulness of infected cultures in the therapeutic research of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mangé
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS U.P.R. 1142, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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