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Thapa S, Nalli Y, Singh A, Singh SK, Ali A. Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabispirenone A against NMDA-Induced Excitotoxicity in Differentiated N2a Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2024; 2024:3530499. [PMID: 38855429 PMCID: PMC11161259 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3530499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is found throughout the central nervous system, and its cannabinoids receptor 1 is critical in preventing neurotoxicity caused by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation (NMDARs). The activity of NMDARs places demands on endogenous cannabinoids to regulate their calcium currents. Endocannabinoids keep NMDAR activity within safe limits, protecting neural cells from excitotoxicity. Cannabinoids are remembered to deliver this outcome by repressing presynaptic glutamate discharge or obstructing postsynaptic NMDAR-managed flagging pathways. The endocannabinoid system must exert a negative influence proportional to the strength of NMDAR signaling for such control to be effective. The goal of this paper is to draw the attention towards the neuroprotective mechanism of constituents of Cannabis sativa against NMDA-induced excitotoxic result. Phytochemical investigation of the cannabis flowers led to the isolation of nine secondary metabolites. A spiro-compound, Cannabispirenone A, which on treatment of the cells prior to NMDA exposure significantly increases cell survival while decreasing ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular calcium. Our findings showed that this compound showed neuroprotection against NMDA-induced excitotoxic insult, has antioxidative properties, and increased cannabinoid receptor 1 expression, which may be involved in the signaling pathway for this neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Thapa
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yedukondalu Nalli
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR–Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shashank Kr. Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR–Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, India
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
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Lu J, Tao X, Luo J, Zhu T, Jiao L, Jin M, Zhou Q. Dietary choline promotes growth, antioxidant capacity and immune response by modulating p38MAPK/p53 signaling pathways of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:827-837. [PMID: 36334698 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary choline levels on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity and hemocyte apoptosis of Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different choline levels: 2.91 (basal diet), 3.85, 4.67, 6.55, 10.70 and 18.90 g kg-1choline, respectively. The results indicated that shrimp fed diet with 4.67 g kg-1 choline had the highest final body weight (FBW), percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), and activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and phenoloxidase (PO) in hemolymph among all treatments. Shrimp fed diet with 18.90 g kg-1 choline exhibited significantly lower crude lipid in hepatopancreas than those fed diets with 2.91, 3.85, 4.67 and 6.55 g kg-1 choline (P < 0.05). The concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis rate in hemocytes significantly decreased with the increase of dietary choline levels (P < 0.05). Shrimp fed diets with 6.55, 10.70 and 18.90 g kg-1 choline had significantly higher scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical (SAHR) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in hemolymph than those fed diet with 2.91 g kg-1 choline (P < 0.05). Dietary choline supplementation down-regulated the expression of genes related to apoptosis such as caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, p53, and p38MAPK in hemocytes (P < 0.05), while up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptosis gene bcl2 in hemocytes (P < 0.05). Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that appropriate dietary choline could improve growth performance and feed utilization, enhance antioxidant capacity and innate immunity, and mitigate apoptosis in Litopenaeus vannamei. Moreover, the inhibition of hemocyte apoptosis by dietary choline may be regulated by the p38MAPK-p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xinyue Tao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiaxiang Luo
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Cui Y, Song M, Xiao B, Liu M, Liu P, Han Y, Shao B, Li Y. ROS-mediated mitophagy and apoptosis are involved in aluminum-induced femoral impairment in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 349:109663. [PMID: 34547296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The problem of excessive aluminum (Al) content in food is widespread. After Al enters the body, it can cause mineral metabolism imbalance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, which ultimately leads to bone impairment. ROS is mainly produced in mitochondria and acts on mitochondria. Mitochondrial damage is closely related to mitophagy and apoptosis. In order to clarify whether ROS-mediated mitophagy and apoptosis are involved in Al-induced femoral impairment, forty-eight male C57BL/6 N mice were exposed to AlCl3 (179.3 mg/kg) and/or NAC (100 mg/kg) for 90 days. Our results showed that NAC inhibited the mitophagy and apoptosis, and alleviated growth inhibition, mineral metabolism imbalance, structural damage, decreased bone mineral density and decreased bone formation factor expressions in the femora of Al-treated mice. These results suggest that ROS-mediated mitophagy and apoptosis are involved in Al-induced femoral impairment in mice, exogenous ROS clearance is a potential strategy for the treatment of Al-induced bone impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bonan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengli Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Chen WT, Lin GB, Kuo YY, Hsieh CH, Lu CH, Sun YK, Chao CY. Effect of high-frequency low-intensity pulsed electric field on protecting SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide and β-amyloid-induced cell injury via ERK pathway. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250491. [PMID: 33901243 PMCID: PMC8075192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common type of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to be caused mainly by the excessive aggregation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ). However, a growing number of studies have found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the onset and progression of AD. The present study aimed to probe the neuroprotective effect of high-frequency low-intensity pulsed electric field (H-LIPEF) for SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. By looking in a systematic way into the frequency- and amplitude-dependent neuroprotective effect of pulsed electric field (PEF), the study finds that H-LIPEF at 200 Hz produces the optimal protective effect for SH-SY5Y cells. The underlying mechanisms were confirmed to be due to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and the downstream prosurvival and antioxidant proteins. Because the electric field can be modified to focus on specific area in a non-contact manner, the study suggests that H-LIPEF holds great potential for treating NDDs, whose effect can be further augmented with the administering of drugs or natural compounds at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chen
- Department of Physics, Lab for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Bo Lin
- Department of Physics, Lab for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yi Kuo
- Department of Physics, Lab for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsieh
- Department of Physics, Lab for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Physics, Lab for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kun Sun
- Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chao
- Department of Physics, Lab for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, Biophysics Division, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Videtic Paska A, Konjevod M, Kouter K, Svob Strac D, Nedic Erjavec G, Pivac N. Epigenetics of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020195. [PMID: 33573255 PMCID: PMC7911414 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently no validated biomarkers which can be used to accurately diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or to distinguish it from other dementia-causing neuropathologies. Moreover, to date, only symptomatic treatments exist for this progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In the search for new, more reliable biomarkers and potential therapeutic options, epigenetic modifications have emerged as important players in the pathogenesis of AD. The aim of the article was to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of epigenetics (including mitoepigenetics) in AD, and the possibility of applying these advances for future AD therapy. Extensive research has suggested an important role of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation (with the emphasis on microRNAs) in the course and development of AD. Recent studies also indicated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as an interesting biomarker of AD, since dysfunctions in the mitochondria and lower mtDNA copy number have been associated with AD pathophysiology. The current evidence suggests that epigenetic changes can be successfully detected, not only in the central nervous system, but also in the cerebrospinal fluid and on the periphery, contributing further to their potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Alja Videtic Paska
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Katarina Kouter
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-514-571-207
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Yilmaz EN, Bay S, Ozturk G, Ucisik MH. Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin-Loaded Emulsomes in a Laser Axotomy-Induced CNS Injury Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9211-9229. [PMID: 33244233 PMCID: PMC7685369 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the rhizomes of turmeric, holds great potential as a neuroprotective agent in addition to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. The poor bioavailability and low stability of curcumin are the greatest barriers to its clinical use. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of curcumin on axonal injury, by delivering the lipophilic polyphenol to a primary hippocampal neuron culture by means of a lipid-based drug delivery system, named emulsomes. METHODS To study neuroregeneration ex vivo, an injury model was established through single-cell laser axotomy on hippocampal neurites. Upon treatment with curcumin-loaded emulsomes (CurcuEmulsomes), curcumin and CurcuEmulsome uptake into neurons was verified by three-dimensional Z-stack images acquired with confocal microscopy. Neuron survival after axonal injury was tracked by propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst staining. Alterations in expression levels of physiological markers, such as anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2, apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3, neuroprotective marker Wnt3a and the neuronal survival marker mTOR, were investigated by immunocytochemistry analyses. RESULTS The results indicated significant improvement in the survival rate of injured neurons upon CurcuEmulsome treatment. Bcl2 expression was significantly higher for injured neurons treated with curcumin or CurcuEmulsome. Reduction in caspase 3 expression was seen in both curcumin and CurcuEmulsome treatment, whereas there were no significant changes in Wnt3a and mTOR expression. CONCLUSION The established laser-axotomy model was proven as a reliable methodology to study neurodegenerative models ex vivo. CurcuEmulsomes delivered curcumin to primary hippocampal neurons successfully. Treated with CurcuEmulsomes, injured hippocampal neurons benefit from the neuroprotective effects of curcumin, exhibiting a higher survival rate and increased anti-apoptotic marker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nur Yilmaz
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadik Bay
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Ozturk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
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Solek P, Koszla O, Mytych J, Badura J, Chelminiak Z, Cuprys M, Fraczek J, Tabecka-Lonczynska A, Koziorowski M. Neuronal life or death linked to depression treatment: the interplay between drugs and their stress-related outcomes relate to single or combined drug therapies. Apoptosis 2020; 24:773-784. [PMID: 31278507 PMCID: PMC6711955 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a serious medical condition, typically treated by antidepressants. Conventional monotherapy can be effective only in 60–80% of patients, thus modern psychiatry deals with the challenge of new methods development. At the same moment, interactions between antidepressants and the occurrence of potential side effects raise serious concerns, which are even more exacerbated by the lack of relevant data on exact molecular mechanisms. Therefore, the aims of the study were to provide up-to-date information on the relative mechanisms of action of single antidepressants and their combinations. In this study, we evaluated the effect of single and combined antidepressants administration on mouse hippocampal neurons after 48 and 96 h in terms of cellular and biochemical features in vitro. We show for the first time that co-treatment with amitriptyline/imipramine + fluoxetine initiates in cells adaptation mechanisms which allow cells to adjust to stress and finally exerts less toxic events than in cells treated with single antidepressants. Antidepressants treatment induces in neuronal cells oxidative and nitrosative stress, which leads to micronuclei and double-strand DNA brakes formation. At this point, two different mechanistic events are initiated in cells treated with single and combined antidepressants. Single antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine or fluoxetine) activate cell cycle arrest resulting in proliferation inhibition. On the other hand, treatment with combined antidepressants (amitriptyline/imipramine + fluoxetine) initiates p16-dependent cell cycle arrest, overexpression of telomere maintenance proteins and finally restoration of proliferation. In conclusion, our findings may pave the way to better understanding of the stress-related effects on neurons associated with mono- and combined therapy with antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Solek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland.
| | - Oliwia Koszla
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland.,Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jennifer Mytych
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Joanna Badura
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Zaneta Chelminiak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cuprys
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Joanna Fraczek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Anna Tabecka-Lonczynska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
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Manzoor R, Rasool A, Ahmed M, Kaleem U, Duru LN, Ma H, Deng Y. Synergistic Neuroprotective Effect of Endogenously-Produced Hydroxytyrosol and Synaptic Vesicle Proteins on Pheochromocytoma Cell Line Against Salsolinol. Molecules 2020; 25:E1715. [PMID: 32276517 PMCID: PMC7181248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress triggers a lethal cascade, leading to Parkinson's disease by causing degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. In this study, eight antioxidants were screened for their neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells (pheochromocytoma cell line) under oxidative stress induced by salsolinol (OSibS). Hydroxytyrosol was found to be the strongest neuroprotective agent; it improved viability of PC12 cells by up to 81.69% under OSibS. Afterward, two synaptic vesicle proteins, synapsin-1 and septin-5, were screened for their neuroprotective role; the overexpression of synapsin-1 and the downregulation of septin-5 separately improved the viability of PC12 cells by up to 71.17% and 67.00%, respectively, compared to PC12 cells only treated with salsolinol (PoTwS) under OSibS. Subsequently, the PC12+syn++sep- cell line was constructed and pretreated with 100 µM hydroxytyrosol, which improved its cell viability by up to 99.03% and led to 14.71- and 6.37-fold reductions in the levels of MDA and H2O2, respectively, and 6.8-, 12.97-, 10.57-, and 7.57-fold increases in the activity of catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, respectively, compared to PoTwS under OSibS. Finally, alcohol dehydrogenase-6 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was expressed in PC12+syn++sep- cells to convert 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (an endogenous neurotoxin) into hydroxytyrosol. The PC12+syn++sep-+ADH6+ cell line also led to 22.38- and 12.33-fold decreases in the production of MDA and H2O2, respectively, and 7.15-, 13.93-, 12.08-, and 8.11-fold improvements in the activity of catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, respectively, compared to PoTwS under OSibS. Herein, we report the endogenous production of a powerful antioxidant, hydroxytyrosol, from 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, and evaluate its synergistic neuroprotective effect, along with synapsin-1 and septin-5, on PC12 cells under OSibS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robina Manzoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.M.); (L.N.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Aamir Rasool
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Maqbool Ahmed
- Department of Tuberculosis, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan;
| | - Ullah Kaleem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan;
| | - Lucienne Nneoma Duru
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.M.); (L.N.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Hong Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.M.); (L.N.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.M.); (L.N.D.); (H.M.)
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Wang CC, Ho YH, Hung CF, Kuo JR, Wang SJ. Xanthohumol, an active constituent from hope, affords protection against kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in rats. Neurochem Int 2020; 133:104629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Jabeen M, Chauhan A, Ansari MA. Therapeutic potential of functionalized siRNA nanoparticles on regression of liver cancer in experimental mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15825. [PMID: 31676815 PMCID: PMC6825139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) possesses special ability of silencing specific gene. To increase siRNA stability, transportation and its uptake by tumor cells, effective delivery to the appropriate target cells is a major challenge of siRNA-based therapy. In the present study, an effective, safe and biocompatible survivin siRNA encapsulated, GalNAc decorated PEGylated PLGA nanoconjugates (NCs) viz., GalNAc@PEG@siRNA-PLGA were engineered and their synergistic antitumor efficacy was evaluated for targeted delivery in HCC bearing experimental mice. GalNAc@PEG@siRNA-PLGA NCs were characterized for size, bioavailability, toxicity and biocompatibility. Their antitumor potential was evaluated considering gene silencing, apoptosis, histopathology and survival of treated mice. Exceptional accumulation of hepatocytes, reduction in survivin expression and prominent regression in tumor size confirmed the ASGPR-mediated uptake of ligand-anchored NCs and silencing of survivin gene in a targeted manner. Increased DNA fragmentation and potential modulation of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 factors specified the induction of apoptosis that helped in significant inhibition of HCC progression. The potential synchronous and tumor selective delivery of versatile NCs indicated the effective payloads towards the target site, increased apoptosis in cancer cells and improved survival of treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmat Ali Khan
- 0000 0004 1773 5396grid.56302.32Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- 0000 0004 1773 5396grid.56302.32Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mumtaz Jabeen
- 0000 0004 1937 0765grid.411340.3Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Arun Chauhan
- 0000 0004 1936 8163grid.266862.eDepartment of Neuroimmunology, School of Health and Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- 0000 0004 0607 035Xgrid.411975.fDepartment of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Firdaus F, Zafeer MF, Anis E, Ahmad F, Hossain MM, Ali A, Afzal M. Evaluation of phyto-medicinal efficacy of thymoquinone against Arsenic induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:224-230. [PMID: 30668372 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is evaluated that a few million individuals worldwide are experiencing Arsenic (As) harmfulness coming about because of anthropogenic discharges. There is likewise proof to propose that As can affect the peripheral, as well as, the central nervous system (CNS). On the contrary, thymoquinone (TQ), a biologically active ingredient of Nigella sativa has exhibited numerous neuro-pharmacological traits since ancient times. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE In the present study, the neuroprotective efficacy of TQ was explored by primarily studying its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic potential against Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines. STUDY DESIGN For experimentation, cells were seeded in 96 well tissue culture plates and kept undisturbed for 24 h to attain proper adhesion. After 75-80% confluence, cells were pretreated with 10 µM and 20 µM thymoquinone (TQ) for 1 h After adding 2 µM As, cells were set aside for incubation for 24 h without changing the medium. METHODS The mitigatory effects of TQ with particular reference to cell viability and cytotoxicity, the generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dynamics were studied. RESULTS Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with TQ (10 and 20 μM) for an hour and subsequent exposure to 2 μM As2O3 protected the SH-SY5Y cells against the neuro-damaging effects of the latter. Also, the SH-SY5Y cells were better preserved with increased viability, repaired DNA, less free radical generation and balanced transmembrane potential than those exposed to As2O3 alone. TQ pretreatment also inhibited As2O3-induced exacerbation in protein levels of BAX and PARP-1 and restored the loss of Bcl2 levels. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that TQ may prevent neurotoxicity and As2O3-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity. It is, therefore, worth studying further for its potential to reduce the risks of arsenic-related neurological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakiha Firdaus
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohd Faraz Zafeer
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ehraz Anis
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Mobarak Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Guo YX, Zhang GM, Yao XL, Tong R, Cheng CY, Zhang TT, Wang ST, Yang H, Wang F. Effects of nitric oxide on steroidogenesis and apoptosis in goat luteinized granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2018; 126:55-62. [PMID: 30530158 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of nitric oxide (NO) on steroidogenesis and apoptosis in goat luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs). We cultured goat LGCs from healthy follicles in culture medium supplemented with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or the NO synthase inhibitor Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME), then examined steroid synthesis, oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro. The results showed that SNP treatment significantly increased the cGMP concentration in the LGCs (P < 0.05), whereas the l-NAME treatment significantly decreased cGMP concentration (P < 0.05). Then Inhibition of NO production significantly inhibited the expression of CYP19A1, a key gene that is involved in sex steroid hormones synthesis and is responsible for the decrease of E2. Inhibition of NO production resulted in an increased percentage of apoptosis, which was accompanied by upregulating expression levels of apoptosis-related markers BAX, CASP3 and CASP9. These data indicate that NO is required for goat LGCs steroidogenesis and cell survival. Furthermore, Inhibition of NO production decreased the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis related genes and proteins (PPARGC1A, NRF-1 and TFAM) and the mtDNA copy number. Simultaneously, inhibition of NO production suppressed the transcription and translation of SOD, GPX1, and CAT, and decreased the glutathione level and increased the 8-OHdG level. However, SNP treatment increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis, and elevated the anti-oxidant stress system and steroid synthesis. Together, our results indicate that NO may up-regulate the expression of PPARGC1A and its downstream factors through the cGMP pathway, thereby decreasing granulosa cell apoptosis, and may participate in the regulation of granulocyte steroid production through the mitochondrial-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Guo
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guo-Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Yao
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ran Tong
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chun-Yu Cheng
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shu-Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Lu CW, Hsieh HL, Lin TY, Hsieh TY, Huang SK, Wang SJ. Echinacoside, an Active Constituent of Cistanche Herba, Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect in a Kainic Acid Rat Model by Inhibiting Inflammatory Processes and Activating the Akt/GSK3β Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1685-1693. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University
| | - Hsi Lung Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Tzu Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University
| | - Ting Yang Hsieh
- P.H.D. Program in Neutrition & Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University
| | - Shu Kuei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital
| | - Su Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology
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14
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Pan YL, Xin R, Wang SY, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yu CP, Wu YH. Nickel-smelting fumes induce mitochondrial damage and apoptosis, accompanied by decreases in viability, in NIH/3T3 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 660:20-28. [PMID: 30321500 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is widely present in the occupational environment and causes various adverse effects on the human body. Apoptosis induced by Ni2+ may be a key mechanism underlying its toxic effect. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Ni-smelting fumes on cell viability, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis-related proteins in NIH/3T3 cells. The effects of Ni-smelting fumes at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL were tested. Treatment with Ni-smelting fumes for 24 h and 48 h significantly decreased cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner compared with the blank control group. Exposure to Ni-smelting fumes increased mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in a dose-dependent manner and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, and IV. The fumes significantly downregulated Bcl-2, procaspase-9, and procaspase-3 and upregulated Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 (P < 0.05). Ni-smelting fumes caused significant cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway in mammalian cells. The present paper provides hypotheses and experimental support for these hypotheses that Ni-smelting fumes cause cytotoxicity through the mechanism of inducing mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in NIH/3T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Pan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Rui Xin
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Cui-Ping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yong-Hui Wu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
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Askar EM, Halloull NM. Formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in rat cerebellar cortex and possible protective effects of fatty acids from omega 3 and wheat germ oil supplement: a histopathological and biochemical study. J Histotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2018.1458176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mohamed Askar
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noha Mohamed Halloull
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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16
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Abd-Ellah HF, Abou-Zeid NRA, Nasr NM. The possible protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and folic acid in combination against aspartame-induced cerebral cortex neurotoxicity in adult male rats: a light and transmission electron microscopic study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:228-245. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1440270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hala F. Abd-Ellah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia R. A. Abou-Zeid
- Electron Microscope Lab., Ain Shams Specialized Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M. Nasr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Dai X, Xing C, Cao H, Luo J, Wang T, Liu P, Guo X, Hu G, Zhang C. Alterations of mitochondrial antioxidant indexes and apoptosis in duck livers caused by Molybdenum or/and cadmium. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:574-580. [PMID: 29169133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and high Molybdenum (Mo) can lead to adverse reactions on animals, but the co-induced toxicity of Mo and Cd to liver in ducks was not well understood. To investigate the co-induced toxic effects of Mo combined with Cd on mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis in duck livers. 240 healthy 11-day-old ducks were randomly divided into 6 groups (control, LMo group, HMo group, Cd group, LMoCd group and HMoCd group). After being treated for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, liver mitochondrial antioxidant indexes, ceruloplasmin (CP), metallothionein (MT), Bak-1 and Caspase-3 genes mRNA expression levels, and ultrastructural changes were evaluated. The results showed that total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities in experimental groups were decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were increased compared with control group, and these changes of co-treated groups were more obvious in the later period of the experiment. The mRNA expression levels of CP, Bak-1 and Caspase-3 were up-regulated in experimental groups compared with control group and showed significant difference between co-treated groups and single treated groups. The mRNA expression level of MT in Cd group was higher than that in co-treated groups. Additionally, ultrastructural changes showed karyopyknosis, mitochondrial swelling, vacuolation and disruption of mitochondrial cristae in co-treated groups. Taken together, it was suggested that dietary Mo and Cd might lead to mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis in duck livers, and it showed a possible synergistic relationship between the two elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
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18
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Luo SW, Kang H, Kong JR, Xie RC, Liu Y, Wang WN, Xie FX, Wang C, Sun ZM. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of (B-cell lymphoma-2) Bcl-2 in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:150-162. [PMID: 28606801 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 is a pro-survival member of Bcl-2 like superfamily, playing an important role in regulating the apoptotic process. In this study, the full-length Bcl-2 (EcBcl-2) was obtained, consisting of a 5'UTR of 290 bp, an ORF of 699 bp and a 3'UTR of 920 bp. EcBcl-2 gene encoded a polypeptide of 232 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 26.12 KDa and a predicted isoelectric point (pI) of 6.93. The deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed that EcBcl-2 consisted of the conserved residues and characteristic domains known to the critical functionality for Bcl-2. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that EcBcl-2 transcript was expressed in all the examined tissues, while the strongest expression level was observed in liver, followed by the expression in blood, gill, kidney, spleen, heart, intestine and muscle. The groupers challenged with V. alginolyticus showed a significant increase of EcBcl-2 mRNA in immune tissues. In addition, western blotting analysis confirmed that the up-regulation of EcBcl-2 protein expression was detected in liver. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that EcBcl-2 was localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Overexpression of EcBcl-2 can inhibit the LPS-induced apoptosis and activate the transcription activity of NF-κB and AP-1, while the deletion of BH1, BH2, BH3 or BH4 domain from EcBcl-2 can impede the signaling transduction. These results indicate that EcBcl-2 may play a regulatory role in the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China; Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Huan Kang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jing-Rong Kong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Ren-Chong Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Wei-Na Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Fu-Xing Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- Hebei Wisdom Technology Development Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Zuo-Ming Sun
- Hebei Wisdom Technology Development Co., Ltd., PR China; Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Tanshinone IIA Inhibits Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Toxicity through Prevention of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Suppression of MAPK Activation in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4517486. [PMID: 28690763 PMCID: PMC5485345 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4517486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity is associated with many neurological diseases, including cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Tanshinone IIA, a diterpenoid naphthoquinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been shown to suppress presynaptic glutamate release, but its protective mechanism against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity is lacking. Using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, we show here that excessive glutamate exposure decreases cell viability and proliferation and increases LDH release. Pretreatment with tanshinone IIA, however, prevents the decrease in cell viability and proliferation and the increase in LDH release induced by glutamate. Tanshinone IIA also attenuates glutamate-induced oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents and by enhancing activities and protein levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. We then show that tanshinone IIA prevents glutamate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content and by reducing mitochondrial protein carbonyl content. Moreover, tanshinone IIA can inhibit glutamate-induced apoptosis through regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression and MAPK activation, including elevation of Bcl-2 protein level, decrease in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels, and suppression of JNK and p38 MAPK activation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that tanshinone IIA protects SH-SY5Y cells against glutamate toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and regulating apoptosis and MAPK pathways.
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Liu X, Tang L, Chen B, Jiang W. Role of sodium nitroprusside in regulating retinal ganglion cell damage through mitochondrial transcription factor A. Neurosci Lett 2016; 635:90-96. [PMID: 27789248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has reported that nitric oxide (NO) can be cytotoxic and induce apoptosis. NO can also be genotoxic and cause DNA damage and mutations. It has been shown that NO damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to a greater extent than nuclear DNA. Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, could efficiently promote NO formation. The viability of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and the mtDNA copy numbers could also be altered by SNP conduction. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), an mtDNA transcription factor, plays an essential role in the maintenance of mtDNA and mitochondrial homeostasis. The expression of TFAM was up-regulated by low dose SNP while down-regulated by high dose SNP. TFAM overexpression attenuated the regulatory effect of SNP on RGC viability and mtDNA numbers, while TFAM inhibition even amplified the regulatory effect of SNP. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the mitochondria, Bcl-2 and Bax, were both altered by SNP treatment. These results suggested that TFAM impacted in SNP regulation of RGC viability and mtDNA numbers through the mitochondria-dependent pathway mediated by Bcl-2 and Bax subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, No. 139, Ren Min Zhong Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Luosheng Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, No. 139, Ren Min Zhong Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Baihua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, No. 139, Ren Min Zhong Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenmin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, No. 139, Ren Min Zhong Road, Changsha 410008, China.
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Yin S, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Wang X, Wu B, Guo H. Toxic effect of NiCl2 on development of the bursa of Fabricius in broiler chickens. Oncotarget 2016; 7:125-39. [PMID: 26683707 PMCID: PMC4807987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted with objective of evaluating the toxic effects of nickel chloride (NiCl2) on development of bursa of Fabricius in broilers fed on diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg of NiCl2 for 42 days by using the methods of experimental pathology, flow cytometry (FCM), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that dietary NiCl2 in 300 mg/kg and over induced toxic suppression in the bursal development, which was characterized by decreasing lymphocytes histopathologically and relative weight, increasing G0/G1 phase (a prolonged nondividing state), reducing S phase (DNA replication) and proliferating index, and increasing percentages of apoptotic cells. Concurrently, the mRNA expression levels of bax, cytochrome c (cyt c), apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-7 and caspase-9 were increased and the bcl-2 mRNA expression levels were decreased. The toxic suppression of bursal development finally impaired humoral immunity duo to the reduction of B lymphocyte population and B lymphocyte activity in the broiler chicken. This study provides new evidences for further studying the effect mechanism of Ni and Ni compoundson B-cell or bursa of Fabricius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Bangyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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22
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Liu YK, Deng XX, Yang HL. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in liver cells induced by cobalt nanoparticles and ions. Bone Joint Res 2016; 5:461-469. [PMID: 27754833 PMCID: PMC5075796 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.510.bjr-2016-0016.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The cytotoxicity induced by cobalt ions (Co2+) and cobalt nanoparticles (Co-NPs) which released following the insertion of a total hip prosthesis, has been reported. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the toxic effect of Co2+ and Co-NPs on liver cells, and explain further the potential mechanisms. Methods Co-NPs were characterised for size, shape, elemental analysis, and hydrodynamic diameter, and were assessed by Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering. BRL-3A cells were used in this study. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. In order to clarify the potential mechanisms, reactive oxygen species, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression, IL-8 mRNA expression and DNA damage were assessed on BRL-3A cells after Co2+ or Co-NPs treatment. Results Results showed cytotoxic effects of Co2+ and Co-NPs were dependent upon time and dosage, and the cytotoxicity of Co-NPs was greater than that of Co2+. In addition, Co-NPs elicited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cell viability with a concomitant increase in lactic dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species generation, IL-8 mRNA expression, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression and DNA damage after 24 hours of exposure. Conclusion Co-NPs induced greater cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in BRL-3A cells than Co2+. Cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, immune inflammation and DNA damage may play an important role in the effects of Co-NPs on liver cells. Cite this article: Y. K. Liu, X. X. Deng, H.L. Yang. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in liver cells induced by cobalt nanoparticles and ions. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:461–469. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2016-0016.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - X X Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - H L Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Jabeen M, Hassan I, Bhat MA. Targeted nano-delivery of novel omega-3 conjugate against hepatocellular carcinoma: Regulating COX-2/bcl-2 expression in an animal model. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:394-401. [PMID: 27261618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present approach enumerates the effectiveness of tuftsin tagged nano-liposome for the cytosolic transport of 2,6-di-isopropylphenol-linolenic acid conjugate against liver cancer in mice. Initially, the conjugate in its free form was examined for anticancer potential on HepG2 liver cancer cells. Induction of apoptosis and suppression of migration and adhesion of HepG2 cells confirmed the effectiveness of conjugate as an anticancer agent. After this, role of the conjugate entrapped in a nano-carrier was evaluated in animal model. The nano-formulation comprising of conjugate bearing tuftsin tagged liposome was firsly characterized and then its therapeutic effect was determined. The nano-formulation had 100-130nm size nanoparticles and showed sustained release of the conjugate in the surrounding milieu. The nano-formulation distinctly reduced the expression of COX-2, an important molecule that is vastly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. The utilization of in-house engineered nano-formulation was also successful in significantly up-regulating Bax and down-regulating bcl-2 gene expression eventually helping in better survival of treated mice. Histopathological analysis also revealed positive recovery of the general architecture and the violent death of cancer cells by apoptosis at tumor specific site. The site specific delivery of conjugate entrapped in tuftsin tagged liposomes was highly safe as well as efficaceous. Nano-formulation based approach showed a visible chemotherapeutic effect on liver cancer progression in experimental mice thereby making it a potential candidate for treatment of liver cancer in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mumtaz Jabeen
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Marques-Aleixo I, Santos-Alves E, Balça MM, Moreira PI, Oliveira PJ, Magalhães J, Ascensão A. Physical exercise mitigates doxorubicin-induced brain cortex and cerebellum mitochondrial alterations and cellular quality control signaling. Mitochondrion 2015; 26:43-57. [PMID: 26678157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective anti-neoplastic agent, whose clinical use is limited by a dose-dependent mitochondrial toxicity in non-target tissues, including the brain. Here we analyzed the effects of distinct exercise modalities (12-week endurance treadmill-TM or voluntary free-wheel activity-FW) performed before and during sub-chronic DOX treatment on brain cortex and cerebellum mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative stress, permeability transition pore (mPTP), and proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, apoptosis and auto(mito)phagy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into saline-sedentary (SAL+SED), DOX-sedentary (DOX+SED; 7-week DOX (2 mg · kg(-1)per week)), DOX+TM and DOX+FW. Animal behavior and post-sacrifice mitochondrial function were assessed. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits, oxidative stress markers or related proteins (SIRT3, p66shc, UCP2, carbonyls, MDA, -SH, aconitase, Mn-SOD), as well as proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1α and TFAM) were evaluated. Apoptotic signaling was followed through caspases 3, 8 and 9-like activities, Bax, Bcl2, CypD, ANT and cofilin expression. Mitochondrial dynamics (Mfn1, Mfn2, OPA1 and DRP1) and auto(mito)phagy (LC3II, Beclin1, Pink1, Parkin and p62)-related proteins were measured by semi-quantitative Western blotting. DOX impaired behavioral performance, mitochondrial function, including lower resistance to mPTP and increased apoptotic signaling, decreased the content in OXPHOS complex subunits and increased oxidative stress in brain cortex and cerebellum. Molecular markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and autophagy were also altered by DOX treatment in both brain subareas. Generally, TM and FW were able to mitigate DOX-related impairments in brain cortex and cerebellum mitochondrial activity, mPTP and apoptotic signaling. We conclude that the alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and autophagy markers induced by exercise performed before and during treatment may contribute to the observed protective brain cortex and cerebellum mitochondrial phenotype, which is more resistant to oxidative damage and apoptotic signaling in sub-chronically DOX treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Marques-Aleixo
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - E Santos-Alves
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Balça
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - P I Moreira
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - J Magalhães
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - A Ascensão
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
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Amin SN, Gamal SM, Esmail RSEN, Aziz TMA, Rashed LA. Cognitive effects of acute restraint stress in male albino rats and the impact of pretreatment with quetiapine versus ghrelin. J Integr Neurosci 2015; 13:669-92. [PMID: 25391717 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635214500253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is any condition that seriously affects the balance of the organism physiologically and psychologically. Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) releasing glucocorticoid hormones that produce generalized effects on different body systems including the nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute restraint stress (ARS) on cognitive performance by measuring spatial working memory in Y-maze, behavior (anxiety and exploratory behavior) in open field test, expression of synaptophysin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry, dopaminergic receptors (D2) in the basal ganglia by gene expression and comparing the effect of ghrelin and quetiapine on the previous parameters. 36 adult male albino rats constituted the animal model of this work and have been divided into six groups: control group, control group exposed to ARS, quetiapine group, quetiapine group exposed to ARS, ghrelin group and ghrelin group exposed to ARS. We demonstrated more neuroprotective effect for quetiapine compared to ghrelin on stress response, anxiety behavior and working spatial memory impairment due to ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Nasr Amin
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al Ainy St. Cairo, Egypt 11562, Egypt
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26
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Park JH, Lee MK, Yoon J. Gamma-linolenic acid inhibits hepatic PAI-1 expression by inhibiting p38 MAPK-dependent activator protein and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. Apoptosis 2014; 20:336-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Lee JH, Cho HD, Jeong IY, Lee MK, Seo KI. Sensitization of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistant primary prostate cancer cells by isoegomaketone from Perilla frutescens. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2438-43. [PMID: 25320841 DOI: 10.1021/np500452e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is currently in clinical trials as a cancer treatment due to its ability to induce apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. Nevertheless, the risk of developing resistance warrants the development of sensitizers that can overcome resistance to TRAIL. In this study, isoegomaketone (1) acted as a synergistic TRAIL sensitizer by mediating up-regulation of DR5 expression in primary prostate cancer RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells. Combined with 1, TRAIL exhibited enhanced apoptotic activity in a human prostate cancer cell line designated RC-58T/h/SA#4, as indicated by increases in annexin V-positive and sub-G1 cell populations as well as condensation of chromatin or apoptotic bodies. Combined treatment also activated caspases-8, -9, and -3; increased the protein levels of Bax, AIF, and cytosolic cytochrome c; and induced PARP cleavage while reducing Bcl-2 protein expression. Human recombinant DR5 Fc chimera efficiently attenuated 1-induced apoptosis, thereby demonstrating the critical role of DR5 in 1-mediated apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, DR5 expression induced by 1 was mediated via a ROS-independent pathway that required CHOP and p53. Overall, these findings provide evidence that 1 potentiates TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through up-regulation of DR5 via a ROS-independent pathway. This suggests that 1 has potential for increasing the effectiveness of prostate cancer therapy with TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hye Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition and ‡Research Institute of Basic Science, Sunchon National University , Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
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Zhao X, Sheng L, Wang L, Hong J, Yu X, Sang X, Sun Q, Ze Y, Hong F. Mechanisms of nanosized titanium dioxide-induced testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis in male mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:47. [PMID: 25209749 PMCID: PMC4354283 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the increased application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in the food industry and daily life, their potential toxic effects in humans and animals have been investigated. However, very few studies have focused on testicular oxidative stress and/or apoptosis. Methods In order to understand the possible molecular mechanisms of testicular lesions following exposure to TiO2 NPs, male mice were exposed to 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg body weight TiO2 NPs for 90 consecutive days. Testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis were then evaluated, and the testicular mRNA expression of several genes and their proteins involved in oxidative stress and/or apoptosis was investigated. Results TiO2 NPs entered Sertoli cells and caused severe testicular oxidative damage and/or apoptosis, accompanied by excessive production of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA as well as a significant reduction in antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, exposure to TiO2 NPs resulted in the up-regulation of caspase-3, Nrbp2, and cytochrome c expression, and caused down-regulation of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, Cyp1b1, Car3, Bcl-2, Acaa2, and Axud1 expression in mouse testis. Conclusions TiO2 NPs entered Sertoli cells via the blood-testis barrier and were deposited in mouse seminiferous cord and/or Sertoli cells, causing oxidative damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xuezi Sang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, China. .,Cultivation base of State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biomaterials built together by Ministry of Science and Technology and Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215007, China.
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Juan LW, En LM, Hao L, Kai HY, Ju H. Sorafenib regulating ERK signals pathway in gastric cancer cell. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:438-43. [PMID: 25136776 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of ERK signals in gastric carcinoma was investigated using Western blot, MTT, and flow cytometric analysis in cultured cells SGC7901. Results showed that treatment of sorafenib potently inhibited gastric SGC7901 cells proliferation, migration, invasion as well as promoted apoptosis. Treatment of sorafenib significantly decreased phosphorylation activation of ERK protein in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of sorafenib still significantly increased caspase-3, bax, cyt-c protein expression and decreased bcl-2 protein in a dose-dependent manner. Our study confirms that ERK signals pathway is closely associated with development of gastric cancer. Deactivation of phosphorylation of ERK protein is one of the mechanisms of sorafenib inhibiting gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wei Juan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Lin Ming En
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Hong Ying Kai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Huang Ju
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China.
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Moosavi M, Zarifkar AH, Farbood Y, Dianat M, Sarkaki A, Ghasemi R. Agmatine protects against intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced water maze memory deficit, hippocampal apoptosis and Akt/GSK3β signaling disruption. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 736:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Park JH, Lee WR, Kim HS, Han SM, Chang YC, Park KK. Protective effects of melittin on tumor necrosis factor-α induced hepatic damage through suppression of apoptotic pathway and nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1705-14. [PMID: 24872433 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214533880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melittin, a major polypeptide in honeybee venom, have been used to treat inflammatory disease. Various studies have demonstrated the anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of bee venom and melittin. However, the precise mechanism of melittin in liver disease is not yet known. Apoptosis contributes to liver inflammation and fibrosis. Knowledge of the apoptotic mechanisms is important to develop new and effective therapies for treatment of cirrhosis. In the present study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effect of melittin on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/actinomycin (Act) D-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes. Our results show significant protection from DNA damage by melittin treatment compared with corresponding TNF-α/Act D-treated hepatocytes without melittin. Melittin inhibited TNF-α/Act D-induced activation of the caspase, bcl-2 family of proteins and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)-1. Our results also indicate that melittin decreased nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by degradation of phosphorylation of IκB kinase (p-IKK) and NF-κB DNA binding activity in TNF-α/Act D-treated hepatocytes. These results suggest that melittin possesses a potent suppressive effect on apoptotic responses in TNF-α/Act D-treated hepatocytes via the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu, College of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ram Lee
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu, College of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University, College of Natural Science, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suwon 441-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu, College of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu, College of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
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Park MY, Jeong YJ, Kang GC, Kim MH, Kim SH, Chung HJ, Jung JY, Kim WJ. Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis of human dental pulp cells is mediated by the mitochondria-dependent pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:25-32. [PMID: 24634593 PMCID: PMC3951820 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a mediator and regulator of inflammatory responses. NO is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and NOS is abundantly expressed in the human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). NO produced by NOS can be cytotoxic at higher concentrations to HDPCs. However, the mechanism by which this cytotoxic pathway is activated in cells exposed to NO is not known. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the NO-induced cytotoxic mechanism in HDPCs. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, reduced the viability of HDPCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We investigated the in vitro effects of nitric oxide on apoptosis of cultured HDPCs. Cells showed typical apoptotic morphology after exposure to SNP. Besides, the number of Annexin V positive cells was increased among the SNP-treated HDPCs. SNP enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) ameliorated the decrement of cell viability induced by SNP. However, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) did not inhibited the decrement of cell viability induced by SNP. SNP increased cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression levels. Moreover, SNP-treated HDPCs elevated activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9. While pretreatment with inhibitors of caspase (z-VAD-fmk, z-DEVD-fmk) reversed the NO-induced apoptosis of HDPCs. From these results, it can be suggested that NO induces apoptosis of HDPCs through the mitochondria-dependent pathway mediated by ROS and Bcl-2 family, but not by the cyclic GMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Park
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jeong
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Gi Chang Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Sun Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Chung
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Jung
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Won Jae Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Wu B, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Huang J. Dietary nickel chloride induces oxidative stress, apoptosis and alters Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 mRNA expression in the cecal tonsil of broilers. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 63:18-29. [PMID: 24184595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary NiCl2 on antioxidant function, apoptosis, and the protein expression, mRNA expression and contents of the bcl-2, bax and caspase-3 in the cecal tonsil of broilers. 280 one-day-old avian broilers were divided into four groups and fed on a corn-soybean basal diet as control diet or the same basal diet supplemented with 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg of NiCl2 for 42 days. The activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, and the ability to inhibit hydroxy radical, and GSH content were significantly decreased in all experimental groups. MDA content was significantly increased. The protein expression, mRNA expression and contents of bcl-2 were decreased, and bax and caspase-3 were increased in all experimental groups. The percentages of apoptotic lymphocytes were significantly increased. In conclusion, dietary NiCl2 in excess of 300 mg/kg caused oxidative stress, and then induced decreased the protein expression, mRNA expression and the contents of bcl-2, and increased protein expression, mRNA expression and the contents of bax and caspase-3 proteins in the cecal tonsil. The local intestinal mucosal immunity could finally be impaired due to the oxidative stress and apoptosis in the cecal tonsil caused by NiCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jianying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
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Kim CH, Yoo YM. Altered APP Carboxyl-Terminal Processing Under Ferrous Iron Treatment in PC12 Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:189-95. [PMID: 23776394 PMCID: PMC3682078 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), generated by proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The key step in the generation of Aβ is cleavage of APP by beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Levels of BACE1 are increased in vulnerable regions of the AD brain, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In the present study, we reported the effects of ferrous ions at subtoxic concentrations on the mRNA levels of BACE1 and a-disintegrin-and-metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) in PC12 cells and the cell responses to ferrous ions. The cell survival in PC12 cells significantly decreased with 0 to 0.3 mM FeCl2, with 0.6 mM FeCl2 treatment resulting in significant reductions by about 75%. 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining showed that the nuclei appeared fragmented in 0.2 and 0.3 mM FeCl2. APP-α-carboxyl terminal fragment (APP-α-CTF) associations with ADAM10 and APP-β-CTF with BACE1 were increased. Levels of ADAM10 and BACE1 mRNA increased in response to the concentrations of 0.25 mM, respectively. In addition, p-ERK and p-Bad (S112, S155) expressions were increased, suggesting that APP-CTF formation is related to ADAM10/BACE1 expression. Levels of Bcl-2 protein were increased, but significant changes were not observed in the expression of Bax. These data suggest that ion-induced enhanced expression of AMDA10/BACE1 could be one of the causes for APP-α/β-CTF activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Korea
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CoCl2 induces apoptosis through the mitochondria- and death receptor-mediated pathway in the mouse embryonic stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 379:133-40. [PMID: 23568501 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic hypoxia/ischemia is a major cause of a poor fetal outcome and future neonatal and adult handicaps. However, biochemical cellular events in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells during hypoxia remains unclear. This study investigated the underlying mechanism of apoptosis in mES cells under CoCl2-induced hypoxic/ischemic conditions. CoCl2 enhanced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in mES cells. The CoCl2-treated mES cells showed a decrease in cell viability as well as typical apoptotic changes, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation and an extended G2/M phase of the cell cycle. CoCl2 augmented the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol from the mitochondria with a concomitant loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and upregulated the voltage-dependent anion channel. In addition, CoCl2-induced caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation and upregulation of p53 level, whereas downregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, a member of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family in mES cells. Furthermore, CoCl2 led to the upregulation of Fas and Fas-ligand, which are the death receptor assemblies, as well as the cleavage of Bid in mES cells. These results suggest that CoCl2 induces apoptosis through both mitochondria- and death receptor-mediated pathways that are regulated by the Bcl-2 family in mES cells.
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Liu J, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Wang H, Wu B, Deng Y, Wang K. Dietary high fluorine induces apoptosis and alters Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 protein expression in the cecal tonsil lymphocytes of broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:25-30. [PMID: 23296903 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-term excessive fluoride intake is known to be toxic and can lead to fluorosis and bone pathologies. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying sodium fluoride-induced cytotoxicity in the cecal tonsil lymphocytes are not well understood. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of high dietary fluorine on apoptosis and the expression of the Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in the cecal tonsil lymphocytes of broilers. The broilers were fed on high-fluorine diets containing 0, 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg fluorine. As measured by flow cytometry, the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes was significantly increased in the high-fluorine groups II and III when compared with those in the control group. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical tests showed that the Bcl-2 protein expression decreased, and the Bax and caspase-3 protein expression increased in the high-fluorine groups II and III. In conclusion, dietary fluorine in the range of 800-1,200 mg/kg increased lymphocyte apoptosis in the cecal tonsil of broilers, suggesting that the lymphocyte apoptosis in the cecal tonsil was mediated by direct effects of fluoride on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014 Sichuan, China
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Celastrol inhibits growth and induces apoptotic cell death in melanoma cells via the activation ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway and the suppression of PI3K/AKT signaling. Apoptosis 2012; 17:1275-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chen Q, Li F, Wu W. Risk Factors of Iatrogenic Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Surgery: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Int J Neurosci 2012; 122:606-10. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2012.700660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Azizova YV, Teplyi DL, Bazhanova ED, Pozdnyakova ON. The effect of water deprivation and α-tocopherol acetate on the expression of apoptosis marker proteins. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057012010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shi S, He Z, Cai J, Qiu J. [RNA Interference targeting GRP75 decreases cisplatin resistance in human lung adenocarcinoma cell]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2011; 14:305-10. [PMID: 21496427 PMCID: PMC5999707 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 GRP75(glucose regulated protein 75)属于热休克蛋白(hot shock protein, HSP)家族,是一种主要位于线粒体的分子伴侣,在某些耐药的肿瘤细胞中高表达。本研究通过慢病毒介导的RNA干扰技术沉默GRP75基因的表达,观察下调GRP75的表达对肿瘤细胞耐药性的影响并探讨GRP75在肿瘤细胞耐药机制中的作用。 方法 以顺铂为诱导药物,人肺腺癌细胞系A549为诱导对象,采用逐步增加剂量与大剂量冲击相结合的方法,诱导建立耐顺铂细胞株A549/CDDP。分别将包裹GRP75-shRNA和不含干扰序列的慢病毒转染A549和A549/CDDP细胞,在荧光显微镜下观察各组细胞转染率,应用MTT比色法检测干扰前后各组细胞对顺铂的敏感性,应用Western blot检测干扰前后各组细胞GRP75、p53、bcl-2的表达。 结果 各组细胞感染效率均在90%以上,转染后A549/CDDP和A549细胞中GRP75的表达均明显下调(P < 0.05)。转染前后A549/CDDP细胞对顺铂的耐药指数分别为21.52和4.14。转染后A549/CDDP细胞内p53的表达上调(P < 0.05),bcl-2表达下调(P < 0.05)。 结论 GRP75是A549细胞对顺铂耐药机制的相关蛋白之一,其在耐药机制中的作用与其对p53和bcl-2的调控有关。
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Shi
- Department of Tumor Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Javed H, Khan MM, Khan A, Vaibhav K, Ahmad A, Khuwaja G, Ahmed ME, Raza SS, Ashafaq M, Tabassum R, Siddiqui MS, El-Agnaf OM, Safhi MM, Islam F. S-allyl cysteine attenuates oxidative stress associated cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in mouse model of streptozotocin-induced experimental dementia of Alzheimer's type. Brain Res 2011; 1389:133-42. [PMID: 21376020 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
S-allyl cysteine (SAC), a sulfur containing amino acid derived from garlic, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-cancer, antihepatotoxic and neurotrophic activity. This study was designed to examine the pre-treatment effects of SAC on cognitive deficits and oxidative damage in the hippocampus of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-infused mice. Mice pre-treated with SAC (30mg/kg) and vehicle (intraperitoneal; once daily for 15days) were bilaterally injected with ICV-STZ (2.57mg/kg body weight), whereas sham rats received the same volume of vehicle. The pre-treatment of this drug to Swiss albino mice has prevented the cognitive and neurobehavioral impairments. An increased latency and path length were observed in lesion, i.e. streptozotocin (STZ) group as compared to sham group and these were protected significantly in STZ group pre-treated with SAC. Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and its dependent enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and glutathione reductase [GR]) were decreased in STZ group as compared to sham group and pre-treatment of STZ group with SAC has protected their activities significantly. Conversely, the elevated level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in STZ group was attenuated significantly in SAC pre-treated group when compared with STZ lesioned group. Apoptotic parameters like DNA fragmentation, expression of Bcl2 and p53 were protected by the pre-treatment of SAC against STZ induced cognitive impairment. This study concludes that intervention of SAC could prevent free radicals associated deterioration of cognitive functions and neurobehavioral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Javed
- Neurotoxicology laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology (Fund for the Improvement of Science and Technology sponsored by DST and Special Assistance Programme sponsored by UGC), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
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Shao JL, Wan XH, Chen Y, Bi C, Chen HM, Zhong Y, Heng XH, Qian JQ. H2S protects hippocampal neurons from anoxia-reoxygenation through cAMP-mediated PI3K/Akt/p70S6K cell-survival signaling pathways. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 43:453-60. [PMID: 20967511 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) signal transduction pathway after oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in the rat hippocampus. Newborn Wister rats were decapitated under anesthesia, and hippocampal tissue was dissected. Cells were plated at 1.0 × 10(5) cells/mL on polylysine-treated 96-well and 6-well plates. After 7 days in culture, cells were randomly assigned to six groups: control, OGD/R, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) following OGD/R, NaHS/triciribine following OGD/R, NaHS/rapamycin following OGD/R, and NaHS/triciribine/rapamycin following OGD/R. Neuronal purity and cell viability were assessed in each group, as well as apoptosis and expression of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP), PI3K, Akt, and p70S6K. NaHS enhanced cAMP concentration and expression of PI3K, Akt, and p70S6K. In addition, neuronal viability was increased and apoptotic neuronal numbers decreased (P<0.01). Triciribine inhibited Akt and p70S6K, as well as decreased cell survival and viability compared with the NaHS group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Rapamycin resulted in decreased p70S6K expression and neuronal viability, as well as increased number of apoptotic neurons compared with the NaHS group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). H(2)S acted via cAMP-mediated PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signal transduction pathways to inhibit hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and protect neurons from OGD/R-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
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Perinatal asphyxia: current status and approaches towards neuroprotective strategies, with focus on sentinel proteins. Neurotox Res 2010; 19:603-27. [PMID: 20645042 PMCID: PMC3291837 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Delivery is a stressful and risky event menacing the newborn. The mother-dependent respiration has to be replaced by autonomous pulmonary breathing immediately after delivery. If delayed, it may lead to deficient oxygen supply compromising survival and development of the central nervous system. Lack of oxygen availability gives rise to depletion of NAD+ tissue stores, decrease of ATP formation, weakening of the electron transport pump and anaerobic metabolism and acidosis, leading necessarily to death if oxygenation is not promptly re-established. Re-oxygenation triggers a cascade of compensatory biochemical events to restore function, which may be accompanied by improper homeostasis and oxidative stress. Consequences may be incomplete recovery, or excess reactions that worsen the biological outcome by disturbed metabolism and/or imbalance produced by over-expression of alternative metabolic pathways. Perinatal asphyxia has been associated with severe neurological and psychiatric sequelae with delayed clinical onset. No specific treatments have yet been established. In the clinical setting, after resuscitation of an infant with birth asphyxia, the emphasis is on supportive therapy. Several interventions have been proposed to attenuate secondary neuronal injuries elicited by asphyxia, including hypothermia. Although promising, the clinical efficacy of hypothermia has not been fully demonstrated. It is evident that new approaches are warranted. The purpose of this review is to discuss the concept of sentinel proteins as targets for neuroprotection. Several sentinel proteins have been described to protect the integrity of the genome (e.g. PARP-1; XRCC1; DNA ligase IIIα; DNA polymerase β, ERCC2, DNA-dependent protein kinases). They act by eliciting metabolic cascades leading to (i) activation of cell survival and neurotrophic pathways; (ii) early and delayed programmed cell death, and (iii) promotion of cell proliferation, differentiation, neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis. It is proposed that sentinel proteins can be used as markers for characterising long-term effects of perinatal asphyxia, and as targets for novel therapeutic development and innovative strategies for neonatal care.
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Lee JH, Jeong YJ, Lee SW, Kim D, Oh SJ, Lim HS, Oh HK, Kim SH, Kim WJ, Jung JY. EGCG induces apoptosis in human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma Hep2 cells via mitochondria with the release of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G. Cancer Lett 2009; 290:68-75. [PMID: 19781850 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major green tea polyphenol, was tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx Hep2 cells. EGCG-induced apoptotic cell death accompanied by a change in the cell cycle. However, EGCG did not result in caspase activation, nor did a caspase inhibitor block cell death. Furthermore, EGCG caused no change in the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The levels of p53 were increased in the EGCG-treated cells, with a corresponding decrease in Bcl-2 and Bid protein levels as well as an increase in the Bax level. In addition, EGCG induced the cytoplasmic release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria accompanied by a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and subsequently upregulated translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) into the nucleus during the apoptotic process. Taken together, these findings indicate that the p53-mediated mitochondrial pathway and the nuclear translocation of AIF and EndoG play a crucial role in EGCG-induced apoptosis of human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma Hep2 cells, which proceeds through a caspase-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ha Lee
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Ma G, Gao J, Fu Q, Jiang L, Wang R, Zhang Y, Liu K. Diazoxide Reverses the Enhanced Expression of KATP Subunits in Cholinergic Neurons Caused by Exposure to Aβ1-42. Neurochem Res 2009; 34:2133-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Armagan G, Kanit L, Terek CM, Sozmen EY, Yalcin A. The levels of glutathione and nitrite-nitrate and the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in ovariectomized rats treated by raloxifene against kainic acid. Int J Neurosci 2009; 119:227-39. [PMID: 19125376 DOI: 10.1080/00207450802330959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are compounds that activate the estrogen receptors with different estrogenic and antiestrogenic tissue-specific effects. The similar effects of SERMs on estrogen encourage the efforts in the research of neuroprotective effects of SERMs. In our study, the potential neuroprotective effects of raloxifene were investigated on the brain cortex of ovariectomized rats after kainic acid-induced oxidative stress. To show the neuroprotective effect of raloxifene against a neurodegenerative agent, kainic acid, expression of Bcl-2, total glutathione (GSH), and nitrite-nitrate levels were investigated in the rat brain cortex. Our results demostrate that raloxifene treatment against oxidative stress significantly increases the expression of Bcl-2 and the level of GSH in the brain cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guliz Armagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Morales P, Fiedler JL, Andrés S, Berrios C, Huaiquín P, Bustamante D, Cardenas S, Parra E, Herrera-Marschitz M. Plasticity of hippocampus following perinatal asphyxia: effects on postnatal apoptosis and neurogenesis. J Neurosci Res 2009; 86:2650-62. [PMID: 18512760 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Asphyxia during delivery produces long-term deficits in brain development, including hippocampus. We investigated hippocampal plasticity after perinatal asphyxia, measuring postnatal apoptosis and neurogenesis. Asphyxia was performed by immersing rat fetuses with uterine horns removed from ready-to-deliver rats into a water bath for 20 min. Caesarean-delivered pups were used as controls. The animals were euthanized 1 week or 1 month after birth. Apoptotic nuclear morphology and DNA breaks were assessed by Hoechst and TUNEL assays. Neurogenesis was estimated by bromodeoxyuridine/MAP-2 immunocytochemistry, and the levels and expression of proteins related to apoptosis and cell proliferation were measured by Western blots and in situ hybridization, respectively. There was an increase of apoptosis in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) and cell proliferation and neurogenesis in CA1, DG, and hilus regions of hippocampus 1 week after asphyxia. The increase of apoptosis in CA3 and cell proliferation in the suprapyramidal band of DG was still observed 1 month following asphyxia. There was an increase of BAD, BCL-2, ERK2, and bFGF levels in whole hippocampus and bFGF expression in CA1 and CA2 and hilus at P7 and P30. There was a concomitant decrease of phosphorylated-BAD (Ser112) levels. The increase of BAD levels supports the idea of delayed cell death after perinatal asphyxia, whereas the increases of BCL-2, ERK2, and bFGF levels suggest the activation of neuroprotective and repair pathways. In conclusion, perinatal asphyxia induces short- and long-term regionally specific plastic changes, including delayed cell death and neurogenesis, involving pro- and antiapoptotic as well as mitogenic proteins, favoring hippocampal functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Morales
- Programme of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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He J, Kong J, Tan QR, Li XM. Neuroprotective effect of atypical antipsychotics in cognitive and non-cognitive behavioral impairment in animal models. Cell Adh Migr 2009; 3:129-37. [PMID: 19372744 DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.1.7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are divided into two groups: typical and atypical. Recent clinical studies show atypical antipsychotics have advantages over typical antipsychotics in a wide variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, in terms of greater efficacy for positive and negative symptoms, beneficial effects on cognitive functioning, and fewer extra pyramidal side effects in treating schizophrenia. As such, atypical antipsychotics may be effective in the treatment of depressive symptoms associated with psychotic and mood disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder and psychosis in Alzheimer disease. In this paper, we describe the effects and potential neurochemical mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotics in several animal models showing memory impairments and/or non-cognitive behavioral changes. The data provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotics that may broaden their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue He
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fouth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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He J, Luo H, Yan B, Yu Y, Wang H, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Xu H, Tempier A, Li X, Li XM. Beneficial effects of quetiapine in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 30:1205-16. [PMID: 18079026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, may have beneficial effects on cognitive impairment, and be a neuroprotectant in treating neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of quetiapine on memory impairment and pathological changes in an amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS-1) double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Non-transgenic and transgenic mice were treated with quetiapine (0, 2.5, or 5mg/(kg day)) for 1, 4, and 7 months in drinking water from the age of 2 months. After 4 and 7 months of continuous quetiapine administration, memory impairment was prevented, and the number of beta-amyloid (Abeta) plaques decreased in the cortex and hippocampus of the transgenic mice. Quetiapine also decreased brain Abeta peptides, beta-secretase activity and expression, and the level of C99 (an APP C-terminal fragment following cleavage by beta-secretase) in the transgenic mice. Furthermore, quetiapine attenuated anxiety-like behavior, up-regulated cerebral Bcl-2 protein, and decreased cerebral nitrotyrosine in the transgenic mice. These findings suggest that quetiapine can alleviate cognitive impairment and pathological changes in an APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse model of AD, and further indicate that quetiapine may have preventive effects in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue He
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, PR China
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Tolosa L, Mir M, Asensio VJ, Olmos G, Lladó J. Vascular endothelial growth factor protects spinal cord motoneurons against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Neurochem 2007; 105:1080-90. [PMID: 18182045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective death of motoneurons. Recently, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as a neurotrophic factor and has been implicated in the mechanisms of pathogenesis of ALS and other neurological diseases. The potential neuroprotective effects of VEGF in a rat spinal cord organotypic culture were studied in a model of chronic glutamate excitotoxicity in which glutamate transporters are inhibited by threohydroxyaspartate (THA). Particularly, we focused on the effects of VEGF in the survival and vulnerability to excitotoxicity of spinal cord motoneurons. VEGF receptor-2 was present on spinal cord neurons, including motoneurons. Chronic (3 weeks) treatment with THA induced a significant loss of motoneurons that was inhibited by co-exposure to VEGF (50 ng/mL). VEGF activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3-K/Akt) signal transduction pathway in the spinal cord cultures, and the effect on motoneuron survival was fully reversed by the specific PI3-K inhibitor, LY294002. VEGF also prevented the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and survivin, two proteins implicated in anti-apoptotic and/or anti-excitotoxic effects, after THA exposure. Together, these findings indicate that VEGF has neuroprotective effects in rat spinal cord against chronic glutamate excitotoxicity by activating the PI3-K/Akt signal transduction pathway and also reinforce the hypothesis of the potential therapeutic effects of VEGF in the prevention of motoneuron degeneration in human ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Tolosa
- Grup de Neurobiologia Cellular, Departament de Biologia, Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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