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Xie TQ, Yan X, Yan JH, Yu YJ, Liu XH, Feng J, Liu CJ, Zhang XZ. Construction of Iron-Scavenging Hydrogel via Thiol-Ene Click Chemistry for Antibiotic-Free Treatment of Bacterial Wound Infection. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401118. [PMID: 38979865 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria, especially drug-resistant strains, can quickly cause wound infections, leading to delayed healing and fatal risk in clinics. With the growing need for alternative antibacterial approaches that rely less on antibiotics or eliminate their use altogether, a novel antibacterial hydrogel named Ovtgel is developed. Ovtgel is formulated by chemically crosslinking thiol-modified ovotransferrin (Ovt), a member of the transferrin family found in egg white, with olefin-modified agarose through thiol-ene click chemistry. Ovt is designed to sequester ferric ions essential for bacterial survival and protect wound tissues from damages caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in Fenton reactions. Experimental data have shown that Ovtgel significantly enhances wound healing by inhibiting bacterial growth and shielding tissues from ROS-induced harms. Unlike traditional antibiotics, Ovtgel targets essential trace elements required for bacterial survival in the host environment, preventing the development of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Ovtgel exhibits excellent biocompatibility due to the homology of Ovt to mammalian transferrin. This hydrogel has the potential to serve as an effective antibiotic-free solution for combating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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2
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Kim JH, Dong J, Le BH, Lonergan ZR, Gu W, Girke T, Zhang W, Newman DK, Martins-Green M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activates Quorum Sensing, Antioxidant Enzymes and Type VI Secretion in Response to Oxidative Stress to Initiate Biofilm Formation and Wound Chronicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:655. [PMID: 38929094 PMCID: PMC11200925 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen frequently isolated from cutaneous chronic wounds. How PA, in the presence of oxidative stress (OS), colonizes chronic wounds and forms a biofilm is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in gene expression seen when PA is challenged with the high levels of OS present in chronic wounds. We used a biofilm-forming PA strain isolated from the chronic wounds of our murine model (RPA) and performed a qPCR to obtain gene expression patterns as RPA developed a biofilm in vitro in the presence of high levels of OS, and then compared the findings in vivo, in our mouse model of chronic wounds. We found that the planktonic bacteria under OS conditions overexpressed quorum sensing genes that are important for the bacteria to communicate with each other, antioxidant stress genes important to reduce OS in the microenvironment for survival, biofilm formation genes and virulence genes. Additionally, we performed RNAseq in vivo and identified the activation of novel genes/pathways of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) involved in RPA pathogenicity. In conclusion, RPA appears to survive the high OS microenvironment in chronic wounds and colonizes these wounds by turning on virulence, biofilm-forming and survival genes. These findings reveal pathways that may be promising targets for new therapies aimed at disrupting PA-containing biofilms immediately after debridement to facilitate the treatment of chronic human wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane H. Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Julianna Dong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Brandon H. Le
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zachery R. Lonergan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Weifeng Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Thomas Girke
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dianne K. Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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3
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Morrison KD, Reiss MB, Tanner TD, Gollott TR, Loots GG, Collette NM. The application of synthetic antibacterial minerals to combat topical infections: exploring a mouse model of MRSA infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1762. [PMID: 38243067 PMCID: PMC10798972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new antibiotics has stalled, and novel strategies are needed as we enter the age of antibiotic resistance. Certain naturally occurring clays have been shown to be effective in killing antibiotic resistant bacteria. However, these natural clays are too variable to be used in clinical settings. Our study shows that synthetic antibacterial minerals exhibit potent antibacterial activity against topical MRSA infections and increase the rate of wound closure relative to controls. The antibacterial minerals maintain a redox cycle between Fe2+/Fe3+ and the surfaces of pyrite minerals, which act as a semiconductor and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), while smectite minerals act as a cation exchange reservoir. Acidic conditions are maintained throughout the application of the hydrated minerals and can mitigate the alkaline pH conditions observed in chronic non-healing wounds. These results provide evidence for the strategy of 'iron overload' to combat antibiotic resistant infections through the maintained release of Fe2+ and generation of ROS via distinct geochemical reactions that can break the chronic wound damage cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Morrison
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
| | - Meghan B Reiss
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Tanya D Tanner
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Travis R Gollott
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M Collette
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
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4
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Ramadoss T, Weimer DS, Mayrovitz HN. Topical Iron Chelator Therapy: Current Status and Future Prospects. Cureus 2023; 15:e47720. [PMID: 38022031 PMCID: PMC10675985 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic iron chelation therapy has long been used for iron overload, providing a role in returning iron levels to proper homeostatic concentrations. Recently, topical iron chelation therapy has emerged as a potential strategy for treating skin damage. This narrative review explores the current status and future prospects of topical iron chelation therapy for treating ultraviolet (UV) and non-UV skin damage, as well as its potential application in wound healing. The review was conducted through a literature search across PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases, spanning publications from 1990 to 2023. The selection of articles was focused on primary research studies, either experimental or clinical, that explored the implications and formulations of topical iron chelators used alone or in conjunction with another therapeutic agent. The search strategy employed a combination of terms, including "topical iron chelation", "topical deferoxamine", "UV", "wound healing", "skin inflammation", "radiation-induced fibrosis", and "skin cancer". Relevant studies, including methods, intervention strategies, measured outcomes, and findings, are summarized. The review also considered the potential challenges in translating research findings into clinical practice. Results indicate that topical iron chelators, such as deferoxamine, are effective in mitigating UV-induced skin damage, reducing tumorigenesis, and decreasing oxidative damage. In addition, the use of these agents in radiation-induced fibrosis has been shown to significantly increase skin elasticity and reduce dermal fibrosis. Several studies also highlight the use of topical iron chelators in difficult-to-treat chronic wounds, such as diabetic neuropathic ulcers and sickle cell ulcers. In conclusion, topical iron chelation therapy represents a novel and promising approach for skin protection and wound healing. Its potential makes it a promising area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Ramadoss
- Medical School, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Derek S Weimer
- Medical School, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Harvey N Mayrovitz
- Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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5
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Anceschi A, Patrucco A, Bhavsar P, Zoccola M, Tessari M, Erbazzi L, Zamboni P. Keratose Self-Cross-Linked Wound Dressing for Iron Sequestration in Chronic Wounds. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30118-30128. [PMID: 37636950 PMCID: PMC10448490 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wound diseases affect a large part of the world population, and therefore, novel treatments are becoming fundamental. People with chronic wounds show high iron and protease levels due to genetic disorders or other comorbidities. Since it was demonstrated that iron plays an important role in chronic wounds, being responsible for oxidative processes (ROS generation), while metalloproteinases prevent wound healing by literally "eating" the growing skin, it is crucial to design an appropriate wound dressing. In this paper, a novel bioactive dressing for binding iron in chronic wounds has been produced. Wool-derived keratose wound dressing in the form of films has been prepared by casting an aqueous solution of keratoses. These films are water-soluble; therefore, in order to increase their stability, they have been made insoluble through a thermal cross-link treatment. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) analyses clarified the structure and the properties of the keratose wound dressing films. The capability of this new biomaterial in iron sequestration has been investigated by testing the adsorption of Fe3+ by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results suggest that the keratose cross-linked films can adsorb a large amount of iron (about 85% of the average amount usually present in chronic wounds) following pseudo-second-order kinetics and an intraparticle diffusion model, thus opening new perspectives in chronic wound care. Furthermore, the QSAR Toolbox was applied for conducting in silico tests and for predicting the chemical behavior of the C-Ker-film. All of the data suggest that the keratose bioactive dressing can significantly contribute to wound healing by mechanisms such as iron depletion, acting as a radical scavenger, diminishing the proteolytic damage, acting as a substrate in place of skin, and, finally, promoting tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Anceschi
- CNR-STIIMA,
Italian National Research Council, Institute of Intelligent Industrial
Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Corso G. Pella 16, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Alessia Patrucco
- CNR-STIIMA,
Italian National Research Council, Institute of Intelligent Industrial
Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Corso G. Pella 16, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Parag Bhavsar
- CNR-STIIMA,
Italian National Research Council, Institute of Intelligent Industrial
Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Corso G. Pella 16, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Marina Zoccola
- CNR-STIIMA,
Italian National Research Council, Institute of Intelligent Industrial
Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Corso G. Pella 16, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Mirko Tessari
- Vascular
Diseases Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Erbazzi
- Vascular
Diseases Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Vascular
Diseases Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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6
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Pilipenko I, Murzova A, Savin A, Mohamed AA, Vladimirova E, Koshel E, Shamova O, Kumacheva E. Dual-Function Hydrogel Dressings with a Dynamic Exchange of Iron Ions and an Antibiotic Drug for Treatment of Infected Wounds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1896-1905. [PMID: 37043630 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a major problem with diabetic wounds that may result in nonhealing chronic ulcers. Here, we report an approach to antibacterial hydrogel dressings for enhanced treatment of infected skin wounds. A fibrous hydrogel was derived from cellulose nanocrystals that were modified with dopamine and cross-linked with gelatin. The hydrogel was loaded with gentamicin, an antibiotic drug. Enhanced antibacterial hydrogel performance resulted from (i) a highly specific sequestration of Fe3+ ions (much needed by bacteria) from the wound exudate and (ii) a dynamic exchange between gentamicin released from the hydrogel and Fe3+ ions withdrawn from the wound exudate. Such exchange was possible due to the high value of the binding constant of Fe3+ ions to dopamine. The hydrogel did not affect the metabolic activity of skin-related cells and showed enhanced antibacterial performance against common wound pathogens such as S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, it promoted healing of infected diabetic wounds due to a synergistic antibacterial effect providing the dynamic exchange between Fe3+ ions and gentamicin. This work provides a strategy for the design of dual-function wound dressings, with both starving and killing bacteria and enhanced wound healing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Pilipenko
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Murzova
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Artemii Savin
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Al-Abbass Mohamed
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Vladimirova
- Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Koshel
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Shamova
- Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2Y2, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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7
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Polaka S, Katare P, Pawar B, Vasdev N, Gupta T, Rajpoot K, Sengupta P, Tekade RK. Emerging ROS-Modulating Technologies for Augmentation of the Wound Healing Process. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30657-30672. [PMID: 36092613 PMCID: PMC9453976 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered a double-edged sword. The slightly elevated level of ROS helps in wound healing by inhibiting microbial infection. In contrast, excessive ROS levels in the wound site show deleterious effects on wound healing by extending the inflammation phase. Understanding the ROS-mediated molecular and biomolecular mechanisms and their effect on cellular homeostasis and inflammation thus substantially improves the possibility of exogenously augmenting and manipulating wound healing with the emerging antioxidant therapeutics. This review comprehensively delves into the relationship between ROS and critical phases of wound healing and the processes underpinning antioxidant therapies. The manuscript also discusses cutting-edge antioxidant therapeutics that act via ROS scavenging to enhance chronic wound healing.
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8
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Relevance of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Related Pathways in the Pathology of Diabetic Wound Healing and Possible Therapeutic Targets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9687925. [PMID: 35814271 PMCID: PMC9262551 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9687925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a major secondary complication in type 2 diabetes, which results in significant disability and mortality, imposing a significant clinical and social burden. Sustained activation of the Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP) inflammasome in wounds is responsible for excessive inflammatory responses and aggravates wound damage. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by a two-step process: the priming/licensing (signal 1) step involved in transcription and posttranslation and the protein complex assembly (signal 2) step triggered by danger molecules. This review focuses on the advances made in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying wound healing in the diabetic microenvironment. Simultaneously, this review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of the main regulatory pathways associated with signal 1 and signal 2, which trigger the NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly in the development of diabetic wounds (DW). Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-related pathway, involving the disturbance in Nrf2 and the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome, TLR receptor-mediated activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome, and various stimuli inducing NLRP3 inflammasome assembly play a pivotal role in DW healing. Furthermore, therapeutics targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome-related pathways may promote angiogenesis, reprogram immune cells, and improve DW healing.
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9
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Time- and Spectrally-Resolved Photoluminescence Study of Alloyed Cd xZn 1-xSe yS 1-y/ZnS Quantum Dots and Their Nanocomposites with SPIONs in Living Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074061. [PMID: 35409422 PMCID: PMC8999546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic-luminescent composites based on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can serve as a platform combining visualization and therapy. Here, we report the construction of QD-SPION nanocomposites based on synthesized SPIONs and alloyed QDs (CdxZn1−xSeyS1−y)/ZnS solubilized with L-cysteine molecules. The study of the spectral-luminescence characteristics, the kinetics of luminescence decay show the composite’s stability in a solution. After incubation with HeLa cells, QDs, SPIONs, and their composites form clusters on the cell surface and associate with endosomes inside the cells. Component-wise analysis of the photoluminescence decay of cell-associated QDs/SPIONs provides information about their localization and aggregate status.
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10
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Harvey J, Mellody KT, Cullum N, Watson REB, Dumville J. Wound fluid sampling methods for proteomic studies: A scoping review. Wound Repair Regen 2022; 30:317-333. [PMID: 35381119 PMCID: PMC9322564 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding why some wounds are hard to heal is important for improving care and developing more effective treatments. The method of sample collection used is an integral step in the research process and thus may affect the results obtained. The primary objective of this study was to summarise and map the methods currently used to sample wound fluid for protein profiling and analysis. Eligible studies were those that used a sampling method to collect wound fluid from any human wound for analysis of proteins. A search for eligible studies was performed using MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL Plus in May 2020. All references were screened for eligibility by one reviewer, followed by discussion and consensus with a second reviewer. Quantitative data were mapped and visualised using appropriate software and summarised via a narrative summary. After screening, 280 studies were included in this review. The most commonly used group of wound fluid collection methods were vacuum, drainage or use of other external devices, with surgical wounds being the most common sample source. Other frequently used collection methods were extraction from absorbent materials, collection beneath an occlusive dressing and direct collection of wound fluid. This scoping review highlights the variety of methods used for wound fluid collection. Many studies had small sample sizes and short sample collection periods; these weaknesses have hampered the discovery and validation of novel biomarkers. Future research should aim to assess the reproducibility and feasibility of sampling and analytical methods for use in larger longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Harvey
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kieran T Mellody
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Nicky Cullum
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jo Dumville
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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11
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Kim YE, Kim J. ROS-Scavenging Therapeutic Hydrogels for Modulation of the Inflammatory Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 14:23002-23021. [PMID: 34962774 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular processes, excessive ROS could be a major cause of various inflammatory diseases because of the oxidation of proteins, DNA, and membrane lipids. It has recently been suggested that the amount of ROS could thus be regulated to treat such physiological disorders. A ROS-scavenging hydrogel is a promising candidate for therapeutic applications because of its high biocompatibility, 3D matrix, and ability to be modified. Approaches to conferring antioxidant properties to normal hydrogels include embedding ROS-scavenging catalytic nanoparticles, modifying hydrogel polymer chains with ROS-adsorbing organic moieties, and incorporating ROS-labile linkers in polymer backbones. Such therapeutic hydrogels can be used for wound healing, cardiovascular diseases, bone repair, ocular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. ROS-scavenging hydrogels could eliminate oxidative stress, accelerate the regeneration process, and show synergetic effects with other drugs or therapeutic molecules. In this review, the mechanisms by which ROS are generated and scavenged in the body are outlined, and the effects of high levels of ROS and the resulting oxidative stress on inflammatory diseases are described. Next, the mechanism of ROS scavenging by hydrogels is explained depending on the ROS-scavenging agents embedded within the hydrogel. Lastly, the recent achievements in the development of ROS-scavenging hydrogels to treat various inflammation-associated diseases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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12
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Szondi DC, Wong JK, Vardy LA, Cruickshank SM. Arginase Signalling as a Key Player in Chronic Wound Pathophysiology and Healing. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:773866. [PMID: 34778380 PMCID: PMC8589187 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.773866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginase (ARG) represents an important evolutionarily conserved enzyme that is expressed by multiple cell types in the skin. Arg acts as the mediator of the last step of the urea cycle, thus providing protection against excessive ammonia under homeostatic conditions through the production of L-ornithine and urea. L-ornithine represents the intersection point between the ARG-dependent pathways and the urea cycle, therefore contributing to cell detoxification, proliferation and collagen production. The ARG pathways help balance pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in the context of wound healing. However, local and systemic dysfunctionalities of the ARG pathways have been shown to contribute to the hindrance of the healing process and the occurrence of chronic wounds. This review discusses the functions of ARG in macrophages and fibroblasts while detailing the deleterious implications of a malfunctioning ARG enzyme in chronic skin conditions such as leg ulcers. The review also highlights how ARG links with the microbiota and how this impacts on infected chronic wounds. Lastly, the review depicts chronic wound treatments targeting the ARG pathway, alongside future diagnosis and treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis C Szondi
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason K Wong
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Leah A Vardy
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena M Cruickshank
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Pulido T, Velarde MC, Alimirah F. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: Fueling a wound that never heals. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111561. [PMID: 34411604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is impaired with advanced age and certain chronic conditions, such as diabetes and obesity. Moreover, common cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, can cause unintended tissue damage and impair wound healing. Available wound care treatments are not always effective, as some wounds fail to heal or recur after treatment. Hence, a more thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic, nonhealing wounds may offer new ideas for the development of effective wound care treatments. Cancers are sometimes referred to as wounds that never heal, sharing mechanisms similar to wound healing. We describe in this review how cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contribute to chronic wounds versus cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Pulido
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Michael C Velarde
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
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14
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Ma Y, Xie J, Wijaya CS, Xu S. From wound response to repair - lessons from C. elegans. CELL REGENERATION 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 33532882 PMCID: PMC7855202 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a result of evolution, the ability to repair wounds allows organisms to combat environment insults. Although the general process of wound healing at the tissue level has been described for decades, the detailed molecular mechanisms regarding the early wound response and rapid wound repair at the cellular level remain little understood. Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism widely used in the field of development, neuroscience, programmed cell death etc. The nematode skin is composed of a large epidermis associated with a transparent extracellular cuticle, which likely has a robust capacity for epidermal repair. Yet, until the last decades, relatively few studies had directly analyzed the wound response and repair process. Here we review recent findings in how C. elegans epidermis responds to wounding and initiates early actin-polymerization-based wound closure as well as later membrane repair. We also discussed some remained outstanding questions for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Ma
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Xie
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chandra Sugiarto Wijaya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Suhong Xu
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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15
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Sex-Specific Genetically Predicted Iron Status in relation to 12 Vascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the UK Biobank. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6246041. [PMID: 33195696 PMCID: PMC7641690 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6246041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Iron overload has been implicated in the pathogenesis of varicose veins (VVs). However, the association of serum iron status with other vascular diseases (VDs) is not well understood, which might be a potential target for VD prevention. This study was aimed at investigating the causal associations between iron status and VDs using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods A two-sample MR was designed to investigate whether iron status was associated with VDs, based on iron data from a published genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 48,972 subjects of European descent and VD data obtained from the UK Biobank, including 361,194 British subjects (167,020 males and 194,174 females). We further explored whether there was sex difference in the associations between genetically predicted iron status and VDs. Results The results demonstrated that iron status had a significant causal effect on VVs of lower extremities (P < 0.001) and a potential effect on coronary atherosclerosis (P < 0.05 for serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation, respectively), but not on other VDs. Furthermore, higher iron status exerted a detrimental effect on VVs of lower extremities in both genders (P < 0.05) and a protective effect on male patients with coronary atherosclerosis (P < 0.05 for serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation, respectively). Conclusions This MR study provides robust evidence that higher iron status increases the risk of VVs of lower extremities, whereas it reduces the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis in the male population, which indicates that iron has divergent effects on vascular pathology.
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16
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Prophylactic treatment with transdermal deferoxamine mitigates radiation-induced skin fibrosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12346. [PMID: 32704071 PMCID: PMC7378074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy can result in pathological fibrosis of healthy soft tissue. The iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) has been shown to improve skin vascularization when injected into radiated tissue prior to fat grafting. Here, we evaluated whether topical DFO administration using a transdermal drug delivery system prior to and immediately following irradiation (IR) can mitigate the chronic effects of radiation damage to the skin. CD-1 nude immunodeficient mice were split into four experimental groups: (1) IR alone (IR only), (2) DFO treatment for two weeks after recovery from IR (DFO post-IR), (3) DFO prophylaxis with treatment through and post-IR (DFO ppx), or (4) no irradiation or DFO (No IR). Immediately following IR, reactive oxygen species and apoptotic markers were significantly decreased and laser doppler analysis revealed significantly improved skin perfusion in mice receiving prophylactic DFO. Six weeks following IR, mice in the DFO post-IR and DFO ppx groups had improved skin perfusion and increased vascularization. DFO-treated groups also had evidence of reduced dermal thickness and collagen fiber network organization akin to non-irradiated skin. Thus, transdermal delivery of DFO improves tissue perfusion and mitigates chronic radiation-induced skin fibrosis, highlighting a potential role for DFO in the treatment of oncological patients.
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17
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Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human keratinocytes triggered by sphingomyelinase D from Loxosceles venom. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3563-3577. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Lim Y, Lee H, Woodby B, Valacchi G. Ozonated Oils and Cutaneous Wound Healing. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2264-2278. [PMID: 31267858 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190702100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wound tissue repair is a complex and dynamic process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers. Improvement in this process is necessary to effectively treat several pathologies characterized by a chronic delayed wound closure, such as in diabetes, and the investigation of new approaches aimed to ameliorate the wound healing process is under continuous evolution. Recently, the usage of vegetable matrices in the form of ozonated oils has been proposed, and several researchers have shown positive effects on wound healing, due to the bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties of these ozonated oils. In the present review, we intend to summarize the actual state of the art of the topical usage of ozonated oil in cutaneous wounds with special emphasis to the importance of the ozonated degree of the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Heaji Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Plant for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis Research Center, North Carolina State University, 28081, NC, United States
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Plant for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis Research Center, North Carolina State University, 28081, NC, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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19
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Lyons OT, Saha P, Smith A. Redox dysregulation in the pathogenesis of chronic venous ulceration. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 149:23-29. [PMID: 31560951 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In chronic venous ulcers (CVUs), which account for up to 75% of leg ulcers, the inflammatory stage of wound healing fails to down-regulate, preventing progression to proliferation, remodeling and eventual epithelialisation. The roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the oxidative burst and pathogen killing are well known, but ROS also have important functions in extra-cellular and intra-cellular signalling. Iron deposition, resulting from venous reflux, primes macrophages towards a persistent inflammatory response, with ongoing stimulation by bacteria potentially playing a role. Generation of excessive ROS by activated inflammatory cells causes tissue destruction and disintegration of the dermis, and then at later stages, a failure to heal. Here, we review the evidence for ROS in CVU formation and in normal and delayed healing. We also discuss how ROS modulation might be used to influence the healing of these complex wounds, which cause long-term morbidity and are associated with a significant financial burden to healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ta Lyons
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, United Kingdom; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Saha
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Smith
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, United Kingdom.
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20
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Reduced Iron in Diabetic Wounds: An Oxidative Stress-Dependent Role for STEAP3 in Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Remodeling. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2368-2377.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Ferris AE, Harding KG. Does localized iron loss in venous disease lead to systemic iron deficiency? A descriptive pilot study. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 28:33-38. [PMID: 31605501 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Haemosiderin deposition in the legs of patients with venous leg ulcers is well established, and several theories suggest this stored iron has a role in disease pathophysiology. In this novel pilot study of patients with chronic venous leg ulcers, we aimed to establish the relationship between wound fluid iron levels, serum iron parameters and healing. Fifteen patients with venous ulcers were included in the study. Blood samples were taken for full blood count and iron studies, while simultaneously wound fluid was obtained from the wound surface using filter paper. Wound areas were measured at initial and 4 week (+/- 2 day) follow-up visits. We found a positive correlation between wound fluid and serum iron (correlation co-efficient 0.27) and those with the lowest wound fluid iron level were also anemic. No association was found between initial wound area and wound fluid iron level but the largest wound areas were found in patients with anemia. Only 38% of patients demonstrated a reduction in wound area during the 4 week study, and 80% of those were not anemic or iron deficient. Conversely in those patients whose wounds did not reduce in size 88% were anemic or iron deficient. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized phenomenon of systemic iron store depletion secondary to leaching out of the body in wound exudate. In addition, these results suggest a high prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic venous ulcers, though whether this is cause or effect requires further research. Our findings also suggest that patients with venous ulcers have a high prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia, which appears to be often undiagnosed, and that diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in patients with chronic wounds need to be revised to reflect the effect of chronic inflammation on iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Ferris
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
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22
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Tissue Iron Promotes Wound Repair via M2 Macrophage Polarization and the Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligands 17 and 22. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2196-2208. [PMID: 31465751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are important for effective iron recycling and erythropoiesis, but they also play a crucial role in wound healing, orchestrating tissue repair. Recently, we demonstrated a significant accumulation of iron in healing wounds and a requirement of iron for effective repair. Herein, we sought to determine the influence of iron on macrophage function in the context of wound healing. Interestingly, wound macrophages extensively sequestered iron throughout healing, associated with a prohealing M2 phenotype. In delayed healing diabetic mouse wounds, both macrophage polarization and iron sequestration were impaired. In vitro studies revealed that iron promotes differentiation, while skewing macrophages toward a hypersecretory M2-like polarization state. These macrophages produced high levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligands 17 and 22, promoting wound reepithelialization and extracellular matrix deposition in a human ex vivo wound healing model. Together, these findings reveal a novel, unappreciated role for iron in modulating macrophage behavior to promote subsequent wound repair. These findings support therapeutic evaluation of iron use to promote wound healing in the clinic.
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23
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Ferris AE, Harding KG. An overview of the relationship between anaemia, iron, and venous leg ulcers. Int Wound J 2019; 16:1323-1329. [PMID: 31418520 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors preventing healing in venous leg ulcers are still not fully understood. Iron-mediated tissue damage has been hypothesised, yet anecdotally anaemia is also thought to have a negative effect on wound healing. This article summarises the current evidence for these theories and their likely effects in the context of venous ulceration. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted. Studies suggest that a number of forms of iron including haemosiderin and ferritin are implicated in progression of venous disease, ulcer formation, and impaired healing, which is thought to be primarily free radical mediated. There is a paucity of evidence for the role of iron deficiency and anaemia on ulcer healing; however, there is likely to be a highly complex interplay between the damaging effects of iron on local tissues and the negative effects of anaemia-mediated tissue hypoxia. Studies looking at options to increase local oxygen delivery such as topical haemoglobin suggest that this may have an impact on some aspects of healing, but findings are generally inconclusive. There is growing evidence that locally elevated iron levels may have a detrimental effect on ulcer healing and formation; however, more robust research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Ferris
- Registrar in Geriatric and General Medicine, Department of Wound Healing, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Keith G Harding
- Wound Healing Research Unit, Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
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Wlaschek M, Singh K, Sindrilaru A, Crisan D, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Iron and iron-dependent reactive oxygen species in the regulation of macrophages and fibroblasts in non-healing chronic wounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:262-275. [PMID: 30261274 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds pose a stern challenge to health care systems with growing incidence especially in the aged population. In the presence of increased iron concentrations, recruitment of monocytes from the circulation and activation towards ROS and RNS releasing M1 macrophages together with the persistence of senescent fibroblasts at the wound site are significantly enhanced. This unrestrained activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages and senescent fibroblasts has increasingly been acknowledged as main driver causing non-healing wounds. In a metaphor, macrophages act like stage directors of wound healing, resident fibroblasts constitute main actors and increased iron concentrations are decisive parts of the libretto, and - if dysregulated - are responsible for the development of non-healing wounds. This review will focus on recent cellular and molecular findings from chronic venous leg ulcers and diabetic non-healing wounds both constituting the most common pathologies often resulting in limb amputations of patients. This not only causes tremendous suffering and loss of life quality, but is also associated with an increase in mortality and a major socio-economic burden. Despite recent advances, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Overwhelming evidence shows that reactive oxygen species and the transition metal and trace element iron at pathological concentrations are crucially involved in a complex interplay between cells of different histogenetic origin and their extracellular niche environment. This interplay depends on a variety of cellular, non-cellular biochemical and cell biological mechanisms. Here, we will highlight recent progress in the field of iron-dependent regulation of macrophages and fibroblasts and related pathologies linked to non-healing chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anca Sindrilaru
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Diana Crisan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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25
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Fernandez ML, Stupar D, Croll T, Leavesley D, Upton Z. Xanthine Oxidoreductase: A Novel Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds? Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2018; 7:95-104. [PMID: 29644146 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2016.0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Chronic wounds are a major burden to patients and to healthcare systems worldwide. These wounds are difficult to heal and treatment is often lengthy and expensive. This has led to research efforts focussed on the wound environment attempting to understand the underlying pathological mechanisms of impaired wound healing. While some of this research has translated to advancements in wound therapies and implementation of new treatment options, chronic wounds remain a significant challenge to treat. Thus, identification of effective, low-cost, advanced wound therapies that enhance healing rates of these problematic wounds is still essential. Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a molybdoflavin enzyme, is emerging as an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various pathologies, including diabetes and chronic wounds. XOR has recently been shown to be upregulated in chronic wounds, stimulating the overproduction of ROS during dysfunctional wound healing. XOR-induced ROS can amplify and potentiate inflammation in the wound environment further delaying wound closure. Future Directions: The detrimental role of XOR in impaired healing indicates it may be a therapeutic target. Targeted inhibition of XOR has been shown to reduce the expression and activity of this enzyme in diabetic wound models. In turn, this resulted in a significant decrease in ROS levels in the wound environment and improved wound healing. Therefore, repurposing existing XOR inhibitors that are approved for human use may be able to restore homeostasis at the wound site and enable damaged tissue to return to normal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Fernandez
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dario Stupar
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tristan Croll
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Leavesley
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zee Upton
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Zamboni P. The Big Idea: Iron-Dependent Inflammation in Venous Disease and Proposed Parallels in Multiple Sclerosis. J R Soc Med 2017; 99:589-93. [PMID: 17082306 PMCID: PMC1633548 DOI: 10.1177/014107680609901122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zamboni
- Vascular Diseases Center, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Chen X, Wo F, Jin Y, Tan J, Lai Y, Wu J. Drug-Porous Silicon Dual Luminescent System for Monitoring and Inhibition of Wound Infection. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7938-7949. [PMID: 28700206 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Wound monitoring and curing is of great importance in biomedical research. This work created a smart bandage that can simultaneously monitor and inhibit wound infection. The main components of the smart bandage are luminescent porous silicon (LuPSi) particles loaded with ciprofloxacin (CIP). This dual luminescent system can undergo accelerated fluorescent color change from red to blue upon the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated pH, which are main biomarkers in the infected wound. The mechanism behind the chemical-triggered fluorescent color change was studied in detail. In vitro experiment showed that the ratiometric fluorescent intensity (IRed/IBlue) of CIP-LuPSi particles decreased from 10 to 0.03 at pH 7.5 after 24 h, while the value deceased from 10 to 2.15 at pH 7.0. Strong correlation can be also found between the IRed/IBlue value and ROS concentration ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM. In addition, the oxidation of LuPSi also simultaneously triggered the release of CIP molecules, which exhibited bacterial inhibition activity. Therefore, the ratiometric fluorescent intensity change at red and blue channels can indicate not only the wound infection status but also the release of antibiotics. In vivo test proved that the smart bandage could distinguish infected wounds from acute wounds, just relying on the naked eyes or a cell phone camera. On the basis of the Si nanotechnology established in this work, theranostic wound care will be realized in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Chen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangjie Wo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao Jin
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Lai
- Hangzhou GSPMED Medical Appliances Co. Ltd. , Hangzhou 311401, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
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28
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Leung KS, Chan HF, Leung HH, Galano JM, Oger C, Durand T, Lee JCY. Short-time UVA exposure to human keratinocytes instigated polyunsaturated fatty acid without inducing lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:269-280. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1300885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kin Sum Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hok Fung Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ho Hang Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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29
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Cichoń N, Olejnik AK, Miller E, Saluk J. The multipotent action of electromagnetic field. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Fiester SE, Arivett BA, Schmidt RE, Beckett AC, Ticak T, Carrier MV, Ghosh R, Ohneck EJ, Metz ML, Sellin Jeffries MK, Actis LA. Iron-Regulated Phospholipase C Activity Contributes to the Cytolytic Activity and Virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167068. [PMID: 27875572 PMCID: PMC5119829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen that causes a wide range of infections including pneumonia, septicemia, necrotizing fasciitis and severe wound and urinary tract infections. Analysis of A. baumannii representative strains grown in Chelex 100-treated medium for hemolytic activity demonstrated that this pathogen is increasingly hemolytic to sheep, human and horse erythrocytes, which interestingly contain increasing amounts of phosphatidylcholine in their membranes. Bioinformatic, genetic and functional analyses of 19 A. baumannii isolates showed that the genomes of each strain contained two phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) genes, which were named plc1 and plc2. Accordingly, all of these strains were significantly hemolytic to horse erythrocytes and their culture supernatants tested positive for PC-PLC activity. Further analyses showed that the transcriptional expression of plc1 and plc2 and the production of phospholipase and thus hemolytic activity increased when bacteria were cultured under iron-chelation as compared to iron-rich conditions. Testing of the A. baumannii ATCC 19606Tplc1::aph-FRT and plc2::aph isogenic insertion derivatives showed that these mutants had a significantly reduced PC-PLC activity as compared to the parental strain, while testing of plc1::ermAM/plc2::aph demonstrated that this double PC-PLC isogenic mutant expressed significantly reduced cytolytic and hemolytic activity. Interestingly, only plc1 was shown to contribute significantly to A. baumannii virulence using the Galleria mellonella infection model. Taken together, our data demonstrate that both PLC1 and PLC2, which have diverged from a common ancestor, play a concerted role in hemolytic and cytolytic activities; although PLC1 seems to play a more critical role in the virulence of A. baumannii when tested in an invertebrate model. These activities would provide access to intracellular iron stores this pathogen could use during growth in the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Fiester
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brock A. Arivett
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amber C. Beckett
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tomislav Ticak
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mary V. Carrier
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rajarshi Ghosh
- Biology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Emily J. Ohneck
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Maeva L. Metz
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Luis A. Actis
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nery RA, Kahlow BS, Skare TL, Tabushi FI, do Amaral e Castro A. URIC ACID AND TISSUE REPAIR. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2016; 28:290-2. [PMID: 26734804 PMCID: PMC4755186 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-6720201500040018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid, a metabolic product of purines, may exert a role in tissue healing. In
this review we will explore its role as an alarm initiating the inflammatory process
that is necessary for tissue repair, as a scavenger of oxygen free radicals, as a
mobilizer of progenitor endothelial cells and as supporter of adaptive immune
system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Araldi Nery
- Evangelic Faculty of Paraná, University Evangelic Hospital of Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Barbara Stadler Kahlow
- Evangelic Faculty of Paraná, University Evangelic Hospital of Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Thelma L Skare
- Evangelic Faculty of Paraná, University Evangelic Hospital of Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando Issamu Tabushi
- Evangelic Faculty of Paraná, University Evangelic Hospital of Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Nouvong A, Ambrus AM, Zhang ER, Hultman L, Coller HA. Reactive oxygen species and bacterial biofilms in diabetic wound healing. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:889-896. [PMID: 27764766 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00066.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are a common and debilitating complication for the diabetic population. It is challenging to study the development of chronic wounds in human patients; by the time it is clear that a wound is chronic, the early phases of wound healing have passed and can no longer be studied. Because of this limitation, mouse models have been employed to better understand the early phases of chronic wound formation. In the past few years, a series of reports have highlighted the importance of reactive oxygen species and bacterial biofilms in the development of chronic wounds in diabetics. We review these recent findings and discuss mouse models that are being utilized to enhance our understanding of these potentially important contributors to chronic wound formation in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksone Nouvong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Department of Veteran Affairs of Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron M Ambrus
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ellen R Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lucas Hultman
- Department of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Department of Veteran Affairs of Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and .,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Diabetic wound regeneration using peptide-modified hydrogels to target re-epithelialization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5792-E5801. [PMID: 27647919 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612277113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a clinical need for new, more effective treatments for chronic wounds in diabetic patients. Lack of epithelial cell migration is a hallmark of nonhealing wounds, and diabetes often involves endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, targeting re-epithelialization, which mainly involves keratinocytes, may improve therapeutic outcomes of current treatments. In this study, we present an integrin-binding prosurvival peptide derived from angiopoietin-1, QHREDGS (glutamine-histidine-arginine-glutamic acid-aspartic acid-glycine-serine), as a therapeutic candidate for diabetic wound treatments by demonstrating its efficacy in promoting the attachment, survival, and collective migration of human primary keratinocytes and the activation of protein kinase B Akt and MAPKp42/44 The QHREDGS peptide, both as a soluble supplement and when immobilized in a substrate, protected keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide stress in a dose-dependent manner. Collective migration of both normal and diabetic human keratinocytes was promoted on chitosan-collagen films with the immobilized QHREDGS peptide. The clinical relevance was demonstrated further by assessing the chitosan-collagen hydrogel with immobilized QHREDGS in full-thickness excisional wounds in a db/db diabetic mouse model; QHREDGS showed significantly accelerated and enhanced wound closure compared with a clinically approved collagen wound dressing, peptide-free hydrogel, or blank wound controls. The accelerated wound closure resulted primarily from faster re-epithelialization and increased formation of granulation tissue. There were no observable differences in blood vessel density or size within the wound; however, the total number of blood vessels was greater in the peptide-hydrogel-treated wounds. Together, these findings indicate that QHREDGS is a promising candidate for wound-healing interventions that enhance re-epithelialization and the formation of granulation tissue.
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Yager DR, Kulina RA, Gilman LA. Wound Fluids: A Window Into the Wound Environment? INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2016; 6:262-72. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734607307035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing of the skin is a complex biologic process involving temporal interactions between numerous types of cells, extracellular matrix molecules, and soluble factors. The process of repair can be viewed as involving 3 or 4 phases: homeostasis, inflammation, synthesis, and remodeling. These phases occur at different times and differ in their cellular, biochemical, and physiologic requirements. Disruption of one or more of these interactions can significantly interfere with the repair process. Such comorbidities as age, nutrition, immune status, and underlying disease status (eg, diabetes or venous stasis) contribute additional intricacy to the repair process. Because of this complexity, care of chronic wounds remains highly individualized, and it should not come as a surprise that treatment of these wounds as a group with single target therapies have met with only modest success. A major hurdle in the progression toward improved treatment regimens has been the lack of objective biochemical and physiological landmarks that can be used to assess wound status. Collection and biochemical characterization of wound fluids presents the opportunity to noninvasively obtain information reflecting the status of the wound and of specific biomarkers. This review discusses the collection of wound fluid and highlights biomarkers that may be useful to this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorne R. Yager
- Department of Surgery, Viginia Commonwealth University
Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, Department of Physiology, Virginia Commonweath University
Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University
Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia,
| | - Robert A. Kulina
- Department of Surgery, Viginia Commonwealth University
Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Laura A. Gilman
- Department of Surgery, Viginia Commonwealth University
Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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Romana-Souza B, Santos JSD, Bandeira LG, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Selective inhibition of COX-2 improves cutaneous wound healing of pressure ulcers in mice through reduction of iNOS expression. Life Sci 2016; 153:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Olive oil-induced reduction of oxidative damage and inflammation promotes wound healing of pressure ulcers in mice. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:60-9. [PMID: 27091748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbated inflammatory response are the main events that impair healing of pressure ulcers. Therefore, olive oil may be a good alternative to improve the healing of these chronic lesions due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of olive oil administration on wound healing of pressure ulcers in mice. METHODS Male Swiss mice were daily treated with olive oil or water until euthanasia. One day after the beginning of treatment, two cycles of ischemia-reperfusion by external application of two magnetic plates were performed in skin to induced pressure ulcer formation. RESULTS The olive oil administration accelerated ROS and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and reduced oxidative damage in proteins and lipids when compared to water group. The inflammatory cell infiltration, gene tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression and protein neutrophil elastase expression were reduced by olive oil administration when compared to water group. The re-epithelialization and blood vessel number were higher in the olive oil group than in the water group. The olive oil administration accelerated protein expression of TNF-α, active transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A when compared to water group. The collagen deposition, myofibroblastic differentiation and wound contraction were accelerated by olive oil administration when compared to water group. CONCLUSION Olive oil administration improves cutaneous wound healing of pressure ulcers in mice through the acceleration of the ROS and NO synthesis, which reduces oxidative damage and inflammation and promotes dermal reconstruction and wound closure.
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Raffetto JD. Pathophysiology of wound healing and alterations in venous leg ulcers-review. Phlebology 2016; 31:56-62. [DOI: 10.1177/0268355516632998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Venous leg ulcer (VLU) is one of the most common lower extremity ulcerated wound, and is a significant healthcare problem with implications that affect social, economic, and the well-being of a patient. VLU can have debilitating related problems which require weekly medical care and may take months to years to heal. The pathophysiology of VLU is complex, and healing is delayed in many patients due to a persistent inflammatory condition. Patient genetic and environmental factors predispose individuals to chronic venous diseases including VLU. Changes in shear stress affecting the glycocalyx are likely initiating events, leading to activation of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, and leukocyte activation with attachment and migration into vein wall, microcirculation, and in the interstitial space. Multiple chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, proteases and matrix metalloproteinases are produced. The pathology of VLU involves an imbalance of inflammation, inflammatory modulators, oxidative stress, and proteinase activity. Understanding the cellular and biochemical events that lead to the progression of VLU is critical. With further understanding of inflammatory pathways and potential mechanisms, certain biomarkers could be revealed and studied as both involvement in the pathophysiology of VLU but also as therapeutic targets for VLU healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Raffetto
- Boston VA Health Care System, Vascular Surgery, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sokolova EA, Shadrina AS, Sevost'ianova KS, Shevela AI, Soldatsky EY, Seliverstov EI, Demekhova MY, Shonov OA, Ilyukhin EA, Smetanina MA, Voronina EN, Zolotukhin IA, Filipenko ML. HFE p.C282Y gene variant is associated with varicose veins in Russian population. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:463-70. [PMID: 26416403 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the association of polymorphism rs1800562 (p.C282Y) in the hemochromatosis (HFE) gene with the increased risk of venous ulceration was shown. We hypothesized that HFE gene polymorphism might be involved not only in ulceration process, but also in susceptibility to primary varicose veins. We genotyped HFE p.C282Y (rs1800562) and p.H63D (rs1799945) variants in patients with primary varicose veins (n = 463) and in the control group (n = 754). In our study, p.282Y variant (rs1800562 A allele) was significantly associated with the risk of varicose veins (OR 1.79, 95 % CI = 1.11-2.89, P = 0.02). A borderline significant reverse association of p.63D variant (rs1799945 G allele) with venous leg ulcer development was revealed in Russians (OR 0.25, 95 % CI = 0.06-1.00, P = 0.05), but not in the meta-analysis (P = 0.56). We conclude that the HFE gene polymorphism can affect the risk of developing primary varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Sokolova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Shadrina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya S Sevost'ianova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey I Shevela
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Evgenii Yu Soldatsky
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianova Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Evgenii I Seliverstov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianova Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Marina Yu Demekhova
- Private Surgery Center «Medalp», 54 Leningradskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Oleg A Shonov
- Private Surgery Center «Medalp», 54 Leningradskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Evgenii A Ilyukhin
- Private Surgery Center «Medalp», 54 Leningradskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Mariya A Smetanina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena N Voronina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor A Zolotukhin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianova Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Maxim L Filipenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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Kell DB, Pretorius E. Serum ferritin is an important inflammatory disease marker, as it is mainly a leakage product from damaged cells. Metallomics 2014; 6:748-73. [PMID: 24549403 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
"Serum ferritin" presents a paradox, as the iron storage protein ferritin is not synthesised in serum yet is to be found there. Serum ferritin is also a well known inflammatory marker, but it is unclear whether serum ferritin reflects or causes inflammation, or whether it is involved in an inflammatory cycle. We argue here that serum ferritin arises from damaged cells, and is thus a marker of cellular damage. The protein in serum ferritin is considered benign, but it has lost (i.e. dumped) most of its normal complement of iron which when unliganded is highly toxic. The facts that serum ferritin levels can correlate with both disease and with body iron stores are thus expected on simple chemical kinetic grounds. Serum ferritin levels also correlate with other phenotypic readouts such as erythrocyte morphology. Overall, this systems approach serves to explain a number of apparent paradoxes of serum ferritin, including (i) why it correlates with biomarkers of cell damage, (ii) why it correlates with biomarkers of hydroxyl radical formation (and oxidative stress) and (iii) therefore why it correlates with the presence and/or severity of numerous diseases. This leads to suggestions for how one might exploit the corollaries of the recognition that serum ferritin levels mainly represent a consequence of cell stress and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131, Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, UK.
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40
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Dhall S, Do D, Garcia M, Wijesinghe DS, Brandon A, Kim J, Sanchez A, Lyubovitsky J, Gallagher S, Nothnagel EA, Chalfant CE, Patel RP, Schiller N, Martins-Green M. A novel model of chronic wounds: importance of redox imbalance and biofilm-forming bacteria for establishment of chronicity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109848. [PMID: 25313558 PMCID: PMC4196950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds have a large impact on health, affecting ∼6.5 M people and costing ∼$25B/year in the US alone. We previously discovered that a genetically modified mouse model displays impaired healing similar to problematic wounds in humans and that sometimes the wounds become chronic. Here we show how and why these impaired wounds become chronic, describe a way whereby we can drive impaired wounds to chronicity at will and propose that the same processes are involved in chronic wound development in humans. We hypothesize that exacerbated levels of oxidative stress are critical for initiation of chronicity. We show that, very early after injury, wounds with impaired healing contain elevated levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and, much like in humans, these levels increase with age. Moreover, the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes is not elevated, leading to buildup of oxidative stress in the wound environment. To induce chronicity, we exacerbated the redox imbalance by further inhibiting the antioxidant enzymes and by infecting the wounds with biofilm-forming bacteria isolated from the chronic wounds that developed naturally in these mice. These wounds do not re-epithelialize, the granulation tissue lacks vascularization and interstitial collagen fibers, they contain an antibiotic-resistant mixed bioflora with biofilm-forming capacity, and they stay open for several weeks. These findings are highly significant because they show for the first time that chronic wounds can be generated in an animal model effectively and consistently. The availability of such a model will significantly propel the field forward because it can be used to develop strategies to regain redox balance that may result in inhibition of biofilm formation and result in restoration of healthy wound tissue. Furthermore, the model can lead to the understanding of other fundamental mechanisms of chronic wound development that can potentially lead to novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Dhall
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Bioengineering Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Danh Do
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Monika Garcia
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Dayanjan Shanaka Wijesinghe
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Virginia Commonwealth University Reanimation Engineering Science Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- The Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Angela Brandon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jane Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Antonio Sanchez
- Department of Product Technology, UVP, LLC, an Analytik Jena Company, Upland, California, United States of America
| | - Julia Lyubovitsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Gallagher
- Department of Product Technology, UVP, LLC, an Analytik Jena Company, Upland, California, United States of America
| | - Eugene A. Nothnagel
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Chalfant
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Virginia Commonwealth University Reanimation Engineering Science Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- The Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Neal Schiller
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Bioengineering Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hong S, Tian H, Lu Y, Laborde JM, Muhale FA, Wang Q, Alapure BV, Serhan CN, Bazan NG. Neuroprotectin/protectin D1: endogenous biosynthesis and actions on diabetic macrophages in promoting wound healing and innervation impaired by diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C1058-67. [PMID: 25273880 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00270.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of macrophages (MΦs) in diabetic wounds impairs the healing. MΦs produce anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving neuroprotectin/protectin D1 (NPD1/PD1, 10R,17S-dihydroxy-docosa-4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid); however, little is known about endogenous NPD1 biosynthesis by MΦs and the actions of NPD1 on diabetic MΦ functions in diabetic wound healing. We used an excisional skin wound model of diabetic mice, MΦ depletion, MΦs isolated from diabetic mice, and mass spectrometry-based targeted lipidomics to study the time course progression of NPD1 levels in wounds, the roles of MΦs in NPD1 biosynthesis, and NPD1 action on diabetic MΦ inflammatory activities. We also investigated the healing, innervation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic wounds treated with NPD1 or NPD1-modulated MΦs from diabetic mice. Injury induced endogenous NPD1 biosynthesis in wounds, but diabetes impeded NPD1 formation. NPD1 was mainly produced by MΦs. NPD1 enhanced wound healing and innervation in diabetic mice and promoted MΦs functions that accelerated these processes. The underlying mechanisms for these actions of NPD1 or NPD1-modulated MΦs involved 1) attenuating MΦ inflammatory activities and chronic inflammation and oxidative stress after acute inflammation in diabetic wound, and 2) increasing MΦ production of IL10 and hepatocyte growth factor. Taken together, NPD1 appears to be a MΦs-produced factor that accelerates diabetic wound healing and promotes MΦ pro-healing functions in diabetic wounds. Decreased NPD1 production in diabetic wound is associated with impaired healing. This study identifies a new molecular target that might be useful in development of more effective therapeutics based on NPD1 and syngeneic diabetic MΦs for treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana;
| | - Haibin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - James Monroe Laborde
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Filipe A Muhale
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Bhagwat V Alapure
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Anaesthesia (Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology), Harvard Medical School; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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42
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Leung KS, Galano JM, Durand T, Lee JCY. Current development in non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation products, isoprostanoids and isofuranoids, in novel biological samples. Free Radic Res 2014; 49:816-26. [PMID: 25184341 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.960867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Isoprostanoids and isofuranoids are lipid mediators that can be formed from omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). F2-isoprostanes formed from arachidonic acid, especially 15-F2t-isoprostane, are commonly measured in biological tissues for decades as the biomarker for oxidative stress and diseases. Recently, other forms of isoprostanoids derived from adrenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids namely F2-dihomo-isoprostanes, F3-isoprostanes, and F4-neuroprostanes respectively, and isofuranoids including isofurans, dihomo-isofurans, and neurofurans are reported as oxidative damage markers for different metabolisms. The most widely used samples in measuring lipid peroxidation products include but not limited to the blood and urine; other biological fluids, specialized tissues, and cells can also be determined. In this review, measurement of isoprostanoids and isofuranoids in novel biological samples by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), GC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and LC-MS/MS will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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Sivamani RK. Eicosanoids and Keratinocytes in Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:476-481. [PMID: 25032067 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Eicosanoids are biologically active lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid that are important in injury and inflammatory responses. Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mediate the production of prostanoids, whereas 5-lipoxygenase mediates the production of leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. These lipid mediators have traditionally been known to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of injury and inflammation. However, they also interact with various cells that are resident to the wound bed, including modulation of keratinocyte activity. Recent Advances: Recent work has identified multiple prostanoid and leukotriene receptors on keratinocytes, indicating that eicosanoids directly interact with them. Recent work also shows that keratinocytes are capable of producing prostanoids and leukotrienes. Critical Issues: Much of the critical work has been performed in cell culture and mouse in vivo models. This has greatly expanded our understanding of the eicosanoid interactions with keratinocytes and wound healing in general. However, few of these in vivo models have been able to critically evaluate keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization. Future Directions: As research continues in this exciting field, the cellular pathways stimulated by the eicosanoids will become better defined. Future research with excisional wound models in mice and pigs and ex vivo human skin models will better isolate the contribution of eicosanoid-mediated effects on keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja K. Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California
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Mannello F, Ligi D, Canale M, Raffetto JD. Omics profiles in chronic venous ulcer wound fluid: innovative applications for translational medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:737-62. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.927312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bekhit AEDA, Hopkins DL, Fahri FT, Ponnampalam EN. Oxidative Processes in Muscle Systems and Fresh Meat: Sources, Markers, and Remedies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:565-597. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David L. Hopkins
- NSW Dept. of Primary Industries; Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development; PO Box 129; Cowra; NSW; Australia
| | - Fahri T. Fahri
- Australian Meat Processor Corp. Ltd., 460 Pacific Highway; St Leonards; NSW 2065; Australia
| | - Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Future Farming Systems Research Div.; Dept. of Primary Industries; Werribee; Victoria 3030; Australia
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Fiester SE, Actis LA. Stress responses in the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:353-65. [PMID: 23464372 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii causes a wide range of severe infections among compromised and injured patients worldwide. The relevance of these infections are, in part, due to the ability of this pathogen to sense and react to environmental and host stress signals, allowing it to persist and disseminate in medical settings and the human host. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles that environmental and cellular stressors play in the ability of A. baumannii to resist nutrient deprivation, oxidative and nitrosative injury, and even the presence of the commonly used antiseptic ethanol, which could serve as a nutrient- and virulence-enhancing signal rather than just being a convenient disinfectant. Emerging experimental evidence supports the role of some of these responses in the pathogenesis of the infections A. baumannii causes in humans and its capacity to resist antibiotics and host response effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Fiester
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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Thamm OC, Theodorou P, Stuermer E, Zinser MJ, Neugebauer EA, Fuchs PC, Koenen P. Adipose-derived stem cells and keratinocytes in a chronic wound cell culture model: the role of hydroxyectoine. Int Wound J 2013; 12:387-96. [PMID: 23841674 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a major socio-economic problem in developed countries today. Wound healing is a complex biological process. It requires a well-orchestrated interaction of mediators, resident cells and infiltrating cells. In this context, mesenchymal stem cells and keratinocytes play a crucial role in tissue regeneration. In chronic wounds these processes are disturbed and cell viability is reduced. Hydroxyectoine (HyEc) is a membrane protecting osmolyte with protein and macromolecule stabilising properties. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and keratinocytes were cultured with chronic wound fluid (CWF) and treated with HyEc. Proliferation was investigated using MTT test and migration was examined with transwell-migration assay and scratch assay. Gene expression changes of basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CWF significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. Addition of HyEc did not affect these results. Proliferation capacity of ASC was not influenced by CWF whereas migration was significantly enhanced. HyEc significantly reduced ASC migration. Expression of b-FGF, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in ASC, and b-FGF, VEGF and MMP-9 in keratinocytes was strongly induced by chronic wound fluid. HyEc enhanced CWF induced gene expression of VEGF in ASC and MMP-9 in keratinocytes. CWF negatively impaired keratinocyte function, which was not influenced by HyEc. ASC migration was stimulated by CWF, whereas HyEc significantly inhibited migration of ASC. CWF induced gene expression of VEGF in ASC and MMP-9 in keratinocytes was enhanced by HyEc, which might partly be explained by an RNA stabilising effect of HyEc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Thamm
- Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Köln, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Theodorou
- Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Köln, Germany
| | - Ewa Stuermer
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University of Witten/Herdecke, Köln, Germany
| | - Max J Zinser
- Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Köln, Germany
| | - Edmund A Neugebauer
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University of Witten/Herdecke, Köln, Germany
| | - Paul C Fuchs
- Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Köln, Germany
| | - Paola Koenen
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Köln, Germany
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Löffler MW, Schuster H, Bühler S, Beckert S. Wound Fluid in Diabetic Foot Ulceration. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2013; 12:113-29. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734613489989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Valid and reproducible sampling techniques as well as processing protocols are required for the assessment of biomarkers and mediators contained in wound exudate. Moreover, the ideal technique should be easy to use even in daily clinical routine. This is challenging since wound fluid represents an inhomogeneous mixture of different exogenous and endogenous sources. Analyzing wound fluid, however, may facilitate clinical decision making. Many techniques for obtaining wound fluid have been described. There is very little validation data, and the array of different techniques appears confusing. Structuring and new standards are needed to avoid wound fluid sampling yielding an “undefined soup.” A lot of wound fluid parameters have been analyzed, although none of them have made its way into clinical practice. Nevertheless, basic principles of wound healing have been established from wound fluid analysis. With adequate techniques suitable for daily practice, basic research might foster our clinical understanding of wound healing with implications for new therapies. So far, research has mainly concentrated on analyzing available sample material with respect to either a wide variety of analytes or comparing acute with chronic wound exudate. Clinical endpoints such as healing or wound infection as well as longitudinal data may indeed be more valuable for clinical practice, enabling the discovery of meaningful biomarkers using a suitable technique.
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McDaniel JC, Roy S, Wilgus TA. Neutrophil activity in chronic venous leg ulcers--a target for therapy? Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:339-51. [PMID: 23551462 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLUs) affect approximately 600,000 people annually in the United States and accrue yearly treatment costs of US $2.5-5 billion. As the population ages, demands on health care resources for CVLU treatments are predicted to drastically increase because the incidence of CVLUs is highest in those ≥65 years of age. Furthermore, regardless of current standards of care, healing complications and high recurrence rates prevail. Thus, it is critical that factors leading to or exacerbating CVLUs be discerned and more effective, adjuvant, evidence-based treatment strategies be utilized. Previous studies have suggested that CVLUs' pathogenesis is related to the prolonged presence of high numbers of activated neutrophils secreting proteases in the wound bed that destroy growth factors, receptors, and the extracellular matrix that are essential for healing. These events are believed to contribute to a chronically inflamed wound that fails to heal. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to review studies from the past 15 years (1996-2011) that characterized neutrophil activity in the microenvironment of human CVLUs for new evidence that could explicate the proposed relationship between excessive, sustained neutrophil activity and CVLUs. We also appraised the strength of evidence for current and potential therapeutics that target excessive neutrophil activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi C McDaniel
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Mizuta M, Hirano S, Ohno S, Tateya I, Kanemaru SI, Nakamura T, Ito J. Expression of Reactive Oxygen Species during Wound Healing of Vocal Folds in a Rat Model. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2012; 121:804-10. [DOI: 10.1177/000348941212101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Previous studies have indicated that although normal wound healing requires low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), excessive amounts of ROS impair wound healing. In injured vocal folds, this excess may result in dysphonia due to scarring that is difficult to treat. However, the expression of ROS during vocal fold wound healing has yet to be investigated. In this study, we assessed the expression and localization of ROS in injured vocal folds by immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Vocal folds of Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally injured by stripping the mucosa under transoral endoscopy. The larynges were harvested at specific time points after injury and were immunohistochemically examined for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), an ROS marker, and for the presence of inflammatory cells. Results: We found that 4-HNE–immunopositive cells were significantly increased in the lamina propria of the injured vocal folds as compared to the normal vocal folds on postinjury days 1 and 3. More than half of the 4-HNE–immunopositive cells were also immunopositive for a macrophage- and granulocyte-specific antibody. Conclusions: This study suggests that a large amount of ROS is produced during early-phase wound healing, until postinjury day 3, and that this period may be crucial for regulating ROS levels. The results also suggest that inflammatory cells may contribute to ROS generation.
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