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Kagi T, Inoue A, Noguchi T, Suzuki W, Takano S, Otani K, Naganuma R, Sekiguchi Y, Hirata Y, Shindo S, Hwang GW, Matsuzawa A. The NLRP3 Inflammasome Is a Major Cause of Acute Renal Failure Induced by Polypeptide Antibiotics. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1807-1818. [PMID: 38639584 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced acute renal failure (ARF) is a public health concern that hinders optimal drug therapy. However, pathological mechanisms of drug-induced ARF remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that a pathological process of drug-induced ARF is mediated by proinflammatory cross-talk between kidney tubular cells and macrophages. Both polymyxin B and colistin, polypeptide antibiotics, frequently cause ARF, stimulated the ERK and NF-κB pathways in kidney tubular cells, and thereby upregulated M-CSF and MCP-1, leading to infiltration of macrophages into the kidneys. Thereafter, the kidney-infiltrated macrophages were exposed to polypeptide antibiotics, which initiated activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Interestingly, blockade of the NLRP3 activation clearly ameliorated the pathology of ARF induced by polypeptide antibiotics, suggesting that a combination of the distinct cellular responses to polypeptide antibiotics in kidney tubular cells and macrophages plays a key role in the pathogenesis of colistin-induced ARF. Thus, our results provide a concrete example of how drugs initiate ARF, which may give insight into the underlying pathological process of drug-induced ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kagi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aya Inoue
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wakana Suzuki
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saya Takano
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Otani
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rio Naganuma
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuto Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sawako Shindo
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gi-Wook Hwang
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Sarakpi T, Mesic A, Speer T. Leukocyte-endothelial interaction in CKD. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1845-1860. [PMID: 37915921 PMCID: PMC10616504 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Accordingly, CKD patients show a substantial increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Inflammation represents an important link between CKD and CVD. The interaction between endothelial cells and effector cells of the innate immune system plays a central role in the development and progression of inflammation. Vascular injury causes endothelial dysfunction, leading to augmented oxidative stress, increased expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and chronic inflammation. CKD induces numerous metabolic changes, creating a uremic milieu resulting in the accumulation of various uremic toxins. These toxins lead to vascular injury, endothelial dysfunction and activation of the innate immune system. Recent studies describe CKD-dependent changes in monocytes that promote endothelial dysfunction and thus CKD progression and CKD-associated CVD. The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3-interleukin-1β-interleukin-6 (NLRP3-IL-1β-IL-6) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of CVD and CKD alike. Several clinical trials are investigating targeted inhibition of this pathway indicating that anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies may emerge as novel approaches in patients at high cardiovascular risk and nonresolving inflammation. CKD patients in particular would benefit from targeted anti-inflammatory therapy, since conventional therapeutic regimens have limited efficacy in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Sarakpi
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 – Nephrology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum for Nephrological Research, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Armir Mesic
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 – Nephrology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum for Nephrological Research, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 – Nephrology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum for Nephrological Research, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Zhu W, Wu C, Zhou Z, Zhang G, Luo L, Liu Y, Huang Z, Ai G, Zhao Z, Zhong W, Liu Y, Zeng G. Acetate attenuates hyperoxaluria-induced kidney injury by inhibiting macrophage infiltration via the miR-493-3p/MIF axis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:270. [PMID: 36922584 PMCID: PMC10017675 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria is well known to cause renal injury and end-stage kidney disease. Previous studies suggested that acetate treatment may improve the renal function in hyperoxaluria rat model. However, its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using an ethylene glycol (EG)-induced hyperoxaluria rat model, we find the oral administration of 5% acetate reduced the elevated serum creatinine, urea, and protected against hyperoxaluria-induced renal injury and fibrosis with less infiltrated macrophages in the kidney. Treatment of acetate in renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro decrease the macrophages recruitment which might have reduced the oxalate-induced renal tubular cells injury. Mechanism dissection suggests that acetate enhanced acetylation of Histone H3 in renal tubular cells and promoted expression of miR-493-3p by increasing H3K9 and H3K27 acetylation at its promoter region. The miR-493-3p can suppress the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), thus inhibiting the macrophages recruitment and reduced oxalate-induced renal tubular cells injury. Importantly, results from the in vivo rat model also demonstrate that the effects of acetate against renal injury were weakened after blocking the miR-493-3p by antagomir treatment. Together, these results suggest that acetate treatment ameliorates the hyperoxaluria-induced renal injury via inhibiting macrophages infiltration with change of the miR-493-3p/MIF signals. Acetate could be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of oxalate nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengjie Wu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicong Huang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoyao Ai
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongda Liu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Englisch CN, Paulsen F, Tschernig T. TRPC Channels in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Renal Tubular System: What Do We Know? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010181. [PMID: 36613622 PMCID: PMC9820145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has dramatically increased during the past few years. TRP channels function as sensors and effectors in the cellular adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we review literature investigating the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TRPC channels in the renal tubular system with a focus on TRPC3 and TRPC6. TRPC3 plays a key role in Ca2+ homeostasis and is involved in transcellular Ca2+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule and the collecting duct. TRPC3 also conveys the osmosensitivity of principal cells of the collecting duct and is implicated in vasopressin-induced membrane translocation of AQP-2. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) can often be attributed to mutations of the PKD2 gene. TRPC3 is supposed to have a detrimental role in ADPKD-like conditions. The tubule-specific physiological functions of TRPC6 have not yet been entirely elucidated. Its pathophysiological role in ischemia-reperfusion injuries is a subject of debate. However, TRPC6 seems to be involved in tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinoma. In summary, TRPC channels are relevant in multiples conditions of the renal tubular system. There is a need to further elucidate their pathophysiology to better understand certain renal disorders and ultimately create new therapeutic targets to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colya N. Englisch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841-1626-100
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5
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Renal Fibrosis in Lupus Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214317. [PMID: 36430794 PMCID: PMC9699516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis can be defined as a pathological process in which deposition of connective tissue replaces normal parenchyma. The kidney, like any organ or tissue, can be impacted by this maladaptive reaction, resulting in persistent inflammation or long-lasting injury. While glomerular injury has traditionally been regarded as the primary focus for classification and prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN), increasing attention has been placed on interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy as markers of injury severity, predictors of therapeutic response, and prognostic factors of renal outcome in recent years. This review will discuss the fibrogenesis in LN and known mechanisms of renal fibrosis. The importance of the chronicity index, which was recently added to the histological categorization of LN, and its role in predicting treatment response and renal prognosis for patients with LN, will be explored. A better understanding of cellular and molecular pathways involved in fibrosis in LN could enable the identification of individuals at higher risk of progression to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, and the development of new therapeutic strategies for lupus patients.
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Bouchet C, Cardouat G, Douard M, Coste F, Robillard P, Delcambre F, Ducret T, Quignard JF, Vacher P, Baudrimont I, Marthan R, Berger P, Guibert C, Freund-Michel V. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induce NGF Secretion by Pulmonary Arterial Cells through a TGF-β1-Dependent Mechanism. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182795. [PMID: 36139373 PMCID: PMC9496672 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the nerve growth factor NGF is increased in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We have here studied whether oxidative stress and inflammation, two pathological conditions associated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in PH, may trigger NGF secretion by pulmonary arterial (PA) cells. Effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were investigated ex vivo on rat pulmonary arteries, as well as in vitro on human PA smooth muscle (hPASMC) or endothelial cells (hPAEC). TβRI expression was assessed by Western blotting. NGF PA secretion was assessed by ELISA after TGF-β1 blockade (anti-TGF-β1 siRNA, TGF-β1 blocking antibodies, TβRI kinase, p38 or Smad3 inhibitors). TβRI PA expression was evidenced by Western blotting both ex vivo and in vitro. H2O2 or IL-1β significantly increased NGF secretion by hPASMC and hPAEC, and this effect was significantly reduced when blocking TGF-β1 expression, binding to TβRI, TβRI activity, or signaling pathways. In conclusion, oxidative stress and inflammation may trigger TGF-β1 secretion by hPASMC and hPAEC. TGF-β1 may then act as an autocrine factor on these cells, increasing NGF secretion via TβRI activation. Since NGF and TGF-β1 are relevant growth factors involved in PA remodeling, such mechanisms may therefore be relevant to PH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Bouchet
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Cardouat
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Matthieu Douard
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- IHU Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque (LIRYC), 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Florence Coste
- Laboratoire de Pharm-Écologie Cardiovasculaire (LaPEC-EA 4278), Université d’Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Paul Robillard
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Thomas Ducret
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean-François Quignard
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Vacher
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Baudrimont
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Roger Marthan
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Guibert
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Véronique Freund-Michel
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33600 Pessac, France
- Correspondence:
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Shin S, Ibeh CL, Awuah Boadi E, Choi BE, Roy SK, Bandyopadhyay BC. Hypercalciuria switches Ca 2+ signaling in proximal tubular cells, induces oxidative damage to promote calcium nephrolithiasis. Genes Dis 2022; 9:531-548. [PMID: 35224165 PMCID: PMC8843860 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubule (PT) transports most of the renal Ca2+, which was usually described as paracellular (passive). We found a regulated Ca2+ entry pathway in PT cells via the apical transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channel, which initiates transcellular Ca2+ transport. Although TRPC3 knockout (-/-) mice were mildly hypercalciuric and displayed luminal calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals at Loop of Henle (LOH), no CaP + calcium oxalate (CaOx) mixed urine crystals were spotted, which are mostly found in calcium nephrolithiasis (CaNL). Thus, we used oral calcium gluconate (CaG; 2%) to raise the PT luminal [Ca2+]o further in TRPC3 -/- mice for developing such mixed stones to understand the mechanistic role of PT-Ca2+ signaling in CaNL. Expectedly, CaG-treated mice urine samples presented with numerous mixed crystals with remains of PT cells, which were pronounced in TRPC3 -/- mice, indicating PT cell damage. Notably, PT cells from CaG-treated groups switched their mode of Ca2+ entry from receptor-operated to store-operated pathway with a sustained rise in intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i), indicating the stagnation in PT Ca2+ transport. Moreover, those PT cells from CaG-treated groups demonstrated an upregulation of calcification, inflammation, fibrotic, oxidative stress, and apoptotic genes; effects of which were more robust in TRPC3 ablated condition. Furthermore, kidneys from CaG-treated groups exhibited fibrosis, tubular injury and calcifications with significant reactive oxygen species generation in the urine, thus, indicating in vivo CaNL. Taken together, excess PT luminal Ca2+ due to escalation of hypercalciuria in TRPC3 ablated mice induced surplus CaP crystal formation and caused stagnation of PT [Ca2+]i, invoking PT cell injury, hence mixed stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eugenia Awuah Boadi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Bok-Eum Choi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Sanjit K. Roy
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
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8
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ElAttar Y, Mourad B, Alngomy HA, Deen ASE, Ismail M. Study of Interleukin-1Beta Expression in Acne Vulgaris and Acne Scars. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4864-4870. [PMID: 35174608 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease that mostly heals by scarring. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine, suggested to play a key role in acne pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To study the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of IL1β in acne vulgaris and acne scars to evaluate its possible role in their pathogenesis and to study the relation between expression of IL1β and the clinicopathological parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was conducted on sixty subjects (twenty patients with acne vulgaris and twenty patients with acne scars), and twenty healthy volunteers as controls. Skin biopsies were taken from patients and controls for routine histopathological examination with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and IHC staining of IL-1β. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in expression of IL-1β in acne vulgaris compared to post-acne scars and controls, (p<0.001) for both. IL-1β expression was significantly positively correlated with both clinical severity of acne vulgaris (p=0.022) and severity of histopathological inflammation (p=0.011). CONCLUSION IL-1β expression was associated with acne vulgaris and post acne scars with significant positive correlation to clinical and histopathological severity of acne vulgaris. Thus IL-1β could be a key player cytokine in acne pathogenesis, its severity and development of post acne scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina ElAttar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Basma Mourad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Aliaa Shams El Deen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mayada Ismail
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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9
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PGC-1α inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome via preserving mitochondrial viability to protect kidney fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:31. [PMID: 35013155 PMCID: PMC8748677 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by mitochondrial damage and contributes to kidney fibrosis. However, it is unknown whether PGC-1α, a key mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, modulates NLRP3 inflammasome in kidney injury. Primary renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) were isolated from C57BL/6 mice. The NLRP3 inflammasome, mitochondrial dynamics and morphology, oxidative stress, and cell injury markers were examined in RTECs treated by TGF-β1 with or without Ppargc1a plasmid, PGC-1α activator (metformin), and siPGC-1α. In vivo, adenine-fed and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice were treated with metformin. In vitro, TGF-β1 treatment to RTECs suppressed the expressions of PGC-1α and mitochondrial dynamic-related genes. The NLRP3 inflammasome was also activated and the expression of fibrotic and cell injury markers was increased. PGC-1α induction with the plasmid and metformin improved mitochondrial dynamics and morphology and attenuated the NLRP3 inflammasome and cell injury. The opposite changes were observed by siPGC-1α. The oxidative stress levels, which are inducers of the NLRP3 inflammasome, were increased and the expression of TNFAIP3, a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome regulated by PGC-1α, was decreased by TGF-β1 and siPGC-1α. However, PGC-1α restoration reversed these alterations. In vivo, adenine-fed and UUO mice models showed suppression of PGC-1α and TNFAIP3 and dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, the activation of oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome, and kidney fibrosis were increased in these mice. However, these changes were significantly reversed by metformin. This study demonstrated that kidney injury was ameliorated by PGC-1α-induced inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via modulation of mitochondrial viability and dynamics.
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10
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Chen JH, Wu CH, Chiang CK. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Proteostasis in Kidney Disease and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168674. [PMID: 34445377 PMCID: PMC8395452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological insults usually disturb the folding capacity of cellular proteins and lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which leads to so-called “ER stress”. Increasing evidence indicates that ER stress acts as a trigger factor for the development and progression of many kidney diseases. The unfolded protein responses (UPRs), a set of molecular signals that resume proteostasis under ER stress, are thought to restore the adaptive process in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal fibrosis. Furthermore, the idea of targeting UPRs for CKD treatment has been well discussed in the past decade. This review summarizes the up-to-date literature regarding studies on the relationship between the UPRs, systemic fibrosis, and renal diseases. We also address the potential therapeutic possibilities of renal diseases based on the modulation of UPRs and ER proteostasis. Finally, we list some of the current UPR modulators and their therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (C.-H.W.)
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (C.-H.W.)
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (C.-H.W.)
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics & Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 88347)
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11
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Soni H, Kumar R, Kanthakumar P, Adebiyi A. Interleukin 1 beta-induced calcium signaling via TRPA1 channels promotes mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mesangial cell proliferation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21729. [PMID: 34143493 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100367r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell (GMC)-derived pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), contributes to hypercellularity in human and experimental proliferative glomerulonephritis. IL-1 promotes mesangial proliferation and may stimulate extracellular matrix accumulation, mechanisms of which are unclear. The present study shows that the beta isoform of IL-1 (IL-1β) is a potent inducer of IL-1 type I receptor-dependent Ca2+ entry in mouse GMCs. We also demonstrate that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an intracellular store-independent diacylglycerol-sensitive Ca2+ channel in the cells. IL-1β-induced Ca2+ and Ba2+ influxes in the cells were negated by pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of TRPA1 channels. IL-1β did not stimulate fibronectin production in cultured mouse GMCs and glomerular explants but promoted Ca2+ -dependent cell proliferation. IL-1β also stimulated TRPA1-dependent ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in the cells. Concomitantly, IL-1β-induced GMC proliferation was attenuated by TRPA1 and RAF1/ MEK/ERK inhibitors. These findings suggest that IL-1β-induced Ca2+ entry via TRPA1 channels engenders MAPK-dependent mesangial cell proliferation. Hence, TRPA1-mediated Ca2+ signaling could be of pathological significance in proliferative glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Soni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Praghalathan Kanthakumar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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12
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Abstract
Significance: Kidney diseases remain a worldwide public health problem resulting in millions of deaths each year; they are characterized by progressive destruction of renal function by sustained inflammation. Pyroptosis is a lytic type of programmed cell death involved in inflammation, as well as a key fibrotic mechanism that is critical in the development of kidney pathology. Pyroptosis is induced by the cleavage of Gasdermins by various caspases and is executed by the insertion of the N-terminal fragment of cleaved Gasdermins into the plasma membrane, creating oligomeric pores and allowing the release of diverse proinflammatory products into the extracellular space. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes leading to the activation of caspase-1, which will cleave Gasdermin D, releasing several proinflammatory cytokines; this results in the initiation and amplification of the inflammatory response. Recent Advances: The efficacy of Gasdermin D cleavage is reduced by a change in the redox balance. Recently, several studies have shown that the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by antioxidant pathways results in a reduction of renal pyroptosis. In this review, we discuss the role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney disease; summarize the clinical outcomes and different molecular mechanisms leading to Gasdermin activation; and examine studies about the capacity of antioxidants, particularly Nrf2 activators, to ameliorate Gasdermin activity. Future Directions: We illustrate the potential influence of the deregulation of redox balance on inflammasome activity and pyroptosis as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of kidney diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 40-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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13
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Jiang K, Zhang Y, He F, Zhang M, Li T, Tu Z, Xu D, Zhang M, Han L, Guo L, Zhou H, Wang D. A negative feedback loop involving NF-κB/TIR8 regulates IL-1β-induced epithelial- myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human tubular cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:393-403. [PMID: 33945104 PMCID: PMC8222463 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (EMT) plays a central role in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). The profibrotic cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 and the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) also participate in RIF development, and Toll/IL-1R 8 (TIR8), a member of the Toll-like receptor superfamily, has been identified as a negative regulator of IL-1R signaling. However, the functions of TIR8 in IL-1-induced RIF remain unknown. Here, human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HKC) and unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO)-induced RIF models on SD rats were used to investigate the functions of TIR8 involving IL-1β-induced EMT. We showed that IL-1β primarily triggers TIR8 expression by activating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in HKC cells. Conversely, high levels of TIR8 in HKC cells repress IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation and inhibit IL-1β-induced EMT. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo findings revealed that TIR8 downregulation facilitated IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation and contributed to TGF-β1-mediated EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells. These results suggested that TIR8 exerts a protective role in IL-1β-mediated EMT and potentially represents a new target for RIF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keguo Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), No. 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 390, Huai He Road, Hefei, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), No. 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, AHMU, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, AHMU, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), No. 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), No. 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, AHMU, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Deping Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hefei Hospital, AHMU, No. 246 Hepin Rd., Hefei, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, AHMU, No. 81 Meishan Rd., Hefei, China
| | - Linzi Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), No. 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, AHMU, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Liyu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, AHMU, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Haisheng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, AHMU, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China.
- Center for Scientific Research, AHMU, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China.
| | - Deguang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), No. 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, China.
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14
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Ponticelli C, Campise MR. The inflammatory state is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and graft fibrosis in kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 2021; 100:536-545. [PMID: 33932457 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several factors, such as donor brain death, ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection, infection, and chronic allograft dysfunction, may induce an inflammatory state in kidney transplantation. Furthermore, inflammatory cells, cytokines, growth factors, complement and coagulation cascade create an unbalanced interaction with innate and adaptive immunity, which are both heavily involved in atherogenesis. The crosstalk between inflammation and thrombosis may lead to a prothrombotic state and impaired fibrinolysis in kidney transplant recipients increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Inflammation is also associated with elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 and low levels of Klotho, which contribute to major adverse cardiovascular events. Hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and physical inactivity may create a condition called metaflammation that concurs in atherogenesis. Another major consequence of the inflammatory state is the development of chronic hypoxia that through the mediation of interleukins 1 and 6, angiotensin II, and transforming growth factor beta can result in excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which can disrupt and replace functional parenchyma, leading to interstitial fibrosis and chronic allograft dysfunction. Lifestyle and regular physical activity may reduce inflammation. Several drugs have been proposed to control the graft inflammatory state, including low-dose aspirin, statins, renin-angiotensin inhibitors, xanthine-oxidase inhibitors, vitamin D supplements, and interleukin-6 blockade. However, no prospective controlled trial with these measures has been conducted in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ponticelli
- Division of Nephrology, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy (retired).
| | - Maria Rosaria Campise
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ca' Granda Foundation, Scientific Institute Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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15
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Hammoud SH, AlZaim I, Mougharbil N, Koubar S, Eid AH, Eid AA, El-Yazbi AF. Peri-renal adipose inflammation contributes to renal dysfunction in a non-obese prediabetic rat model: Role of anti-diabetic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114491. [PMID: 33647265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major health challenge with considerable economic burden and significant impact on patients' quality of life. Despite recent advances in diabetic patient care, current clinical practice guidelines fall short of halting the progression of diabetic nephropathy to end-stage renal disease. Moreover, prior literature reported manifestations of renal dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment prior to the development of hyperglycemia indicating the involvement of alternative pathological mechanisms apart from those typically triggered by high blood glucose. Here, we extend our prior research work implicating localized inflammation in specific adipose depots in initiating cardiovascular dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment. Non-obese prediabetic rats showed elevated glomerular filtration rates and mild proteinuria in absence of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and signs of systemic inflammation. Isolated perfused kidneys from these rats showed impaired renovascular endothelial feedback in response to vasopressors and increased flow. While endothelium dependent dilation remained functional, renovascular relaxation in prediabetic rats was not mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandins as in control tissues, but rather an upregulation of the function of epoxy eicosatrienoic acids was observed. This was coupled with signs of peri-renal adipose tissue (PRAT) inflammation and renal structural damage. A two-week treatment with non-hypoglycemic doses of metformin or pioglitazone, shown previously to ameliorate adipose inflammation, not only reversed PRAT inflammation in prediabetic rats, but also reversed the observed functional, renovascular, and structural renal abnormalities. The present results suggest that peri-renal adipose inflammation triggers renal dysfunction early in the course of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Koubar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt.
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16
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Nouri A, Heibati F, Heidarian E. Gallic acid exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and nephroprotective effects against paraquat-induced renal injury in male rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:1-9. [PMID: 32734364 PMCID: PMC7917173 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PRQ) is a toxic chemical compound that is very noxious to animals and humans. Gallic acid is a phenolic compound that has antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated the ameliorative effect of gallic acid against PRQ-induced renal injury and oxidative stress. In this research, the rats were segregated into six groups. Group 1 is the control group; group 2 received paraquat only; group 3 received gallic acid only; and groups 4, 5, and 6 received paraquat plus gallic acid at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg bw respectively. Findings of this work displayed that the renal contents of the vitamin C, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) significantly reduced and the levels of the serum protein carbonyl, creatinine, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (sGPT), urea, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (sGOT), uric acid, MDA, serum IL-1β, and the kidney IL-1β gene expression were remarkably increased in the group receiving PRQ only compared with that in the control group. On the other hand, treatment with gallic acid after exposure to PRQ led to a significant elevation in renal vitamin C, SOD, and CAT levels plus a remarkable decrease in the serum protein carbonyl, creatinine, sGPT, urea, sGOT, uric acid, MDA, IL-1β, and renal gene expression of IL-1β in comparison with the PRQ-only-treated rats. Histological changes were also ameliorated by gallic acid administration. The data approve that gallic acid diminished the deleterious effects of PRQ exposure. In this regard, our results indicated that the administration of gallic acid could alleviate the noxious effects of PRQ on the antioxidant defense system and renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heibati
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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17
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New Insights into the Mechanisms of Pyroptosis and Implications for Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197057. [PMID: 32992874 PMCID: PMC7583981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is one special type of lytic programmed cell death, featured in cell swelling, rupture, secretion of cell contents and remarkable proinflammation effect. In the process of pyroptosis, danger signalling and cellular events are detected by inflammasome, activating caspases and cleaving Gasdermin D (GSDMD), along with the secretion of IL-18 and IL-1β. Pyroptosis can be divided into canonical pathway and non-canonical pathway, and NLRP3 inflammasome is the most important initiator. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications in diabetes. Current evidence reported the stimulatory role of hyperglycaemia-induced cellular stress in renal cell pyroptosis, and different signalling pathways have been shown to regulate pyroptosis initiation. Additionally, the inflammation and cellular injury caused by pyroptosis are tightly implicated in DKD progression, aggravating renal fibrosis, glomerular sclerosis and tubular injury. Some registered hypoglycaemia agents exert suppressive activity in pyroptosis regulation pathway. Latest studies also reported some potential approaches to target the pyroptosis pathway, which effectively inhibits renal cell pyroptosis and alleviates DKD in in vivo or in vitro models. Therefore, comprehensively compiling the information associated with pyroptosis regulation in DKD is the main aim of this review, and we try to provide new insights for researchers to dig out more potential therapies of DKD.
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18
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Arcangeletti MC, D’Accolti M, Maccari C, Soffritti I, Conto FD, Chezzi C, Calderaro A, Ferri C, Caselli E. Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection on the Expression of Factors Associated with Cell Fibrosis and Apoptosis: Clues for Implication in Systemic Sclerosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6397. [PMID: 32899126 PMCID: PMC7504027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe autoimmune disorder characterized by vasculopathy and multi-organ fibrosis; its etiology and pathogenesis are still largely unknown. Herpesvirus infections, particularly by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), have been suggested among triggers of the disease based on virological and immunological observations. However, the direct impact of HCMV and/or HHV-6 infection on cell fibrosis and apoptosis at the cell microenvironment level has not yet been clarified. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of HCMV and HHV-6 infection on the induction of pro-fibrosis or pro-apoptosis conditions in primary human dermal fibroblasts, one of the relevant SSc target cells. The analysis, performed by microarray in in vitro HCMV- or HHV-6-infected vs. uninfected cells, using specific panels for the detection of the main cellular factors associated with fibrosis or apoptosis, showed that both viruses significantly modified the expression of at least 30 pro-fibrotic and 20 pro-apoptotic factors. Notably, several recognized pro-fibrotic factors were highly induced, and most of them were reported to be involved in vivo in the multifactorial and multistep pathogenic process of SSc, thus suggesting a potential role of both HCMV and HHV-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Cristina Arcangeletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Virology, University-Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.M.); (F.D.C.); (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria D’Accolti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Clara Maccari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Virology, University-Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.M.); (F.D.C.); (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Flora De Conto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Virology, University-Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.M.); (F.D.C.); (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Carlo Chezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Virology, University-Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.M.); (F.D.C.); (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriana Calderaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Virology, University-Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.M.); (F.D.C.); (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Rheumatology Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (E.C.)
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Micheliolide Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation by Modulating the mROS/NF- κB/NLRP3 Axis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3934769. [PMID: 32879619 PMCID: PMC7448212 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3934769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a common disease closely related to renal tubular inflammation and oxidative stress, and no effective treatment is available. Activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an important factor in renal inflammation, but the mechanism remains unclear. Micheliolide (MCL), which is derived from parthenolide, is a new compound with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and has multiple roles in tumors and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of MCL on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced inflammation in renal tubular cells and the related mechanism. We found that MCL significantly suppressed the LPS-induced NF-κB signaling and inflammatory expression of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a rat renal proximal tubular cell line (NRK-52E). MCL also prevented LPS- and adenosine triphosphate-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro, as evidenced by the inhibition of NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 cleavage, and interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 maturation and secretion. Additionally, MCL inhibited the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and decreases the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, MCL can prevent NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by rotenone, a well-known mitochondrial ROS (mROS) agonist, indicating that the mechanism of MCL's anti-inflammatory effect may be closely related to the mROS. In conclusion, our study indicates that MCL can inhibit LPS-induced renal inflammation through suppressing the mROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis in tubular epithelial cells.
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20
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Fang Y, Li F, Qi C, Mao X, Wang F, Zhao Z, Chen JK, Zhang Z, Wu H. Metformin effectively treats Tsc1 deletion-caused kidney pathology by upregulating AMPK phosphorylation. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:52. [PMID: 32566257 PMCID: PMC7295815 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by hamartomatous lesions in multiple organs, with most patients developing polycystic kidney disease and leading to a decline of renal function. TSC is caused by loss-of-function mutations in either Tsc1 or Tsc2 gene, but currently, there is no effective treatment for aberrant kidney growth in TSC patients. By generating a renal proximal tubule-specific Tsc1 gene-knockout (Tsc1 ptKO) mouse model, we observed that Tsc1 ptKO mice developed aberrantly enlarged kidneys primarily due to hypertrophy and proliferation of proximal tubule cells, along with some cystogenesis, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. Mechanistic studies revealed inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation at Thr-172 and activation of Akt phosphorylation at Ser-473 and Thr-308. We therefore treated Tsc1 ptKO mice with the AMPK activator, metformin, by daily intraperitoneal injection. Our results indicated that metformin increased the AMPK phosphorylation, but decreased the Akt phosphorylation. These signaling modulations resulted in inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in the renal proximal tubule cells of Tsc1 ptKO mice. Importantly, metformin treatment effectively prevented aberrant kidney enlargement and cyst growth, inhibited inflammatory response, attenuated interstitial fibrosis, and protected renal function. The effects of metformin were further confirmed by in vitro experiments. In conclusion, this study indicates a potential therapeutic effect of metformin on Tsc1 deletion-induced kidney pathology, although currently metformin is primarily prescribed to treat patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Chenyang Qi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Xing Mao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai 6th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Jian-Kang Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
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21
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Kidney allograft fibrosis: what we learned from latest translational research studies. J Nephrol 2020; 33:1201-1211. [PMID: 32193834 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To add new molecular and pathogenetic insights into the biological machinery associated to kidney allograft fibrosis is a major research target in nephrology and organ transplant translational medicine. Interstitial fibrosis associated to tubular atrophy (IF/TA) is, in fact, an inevitable and progressive process that occurs in almost every type of chronic allograft injury (particularly in grafts from expanded criteria donors) characterized by profound remodeling and excessive production/deposition of fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) with a great clinical impact. IF/TA is detectable in more than 50% of kidney allografts at 2 years. However, although well studied, the complete cellular/biological network associated with IF/TA is only partially evaluated. In the last few years, then, thanks to the introduction of new biomolecular technologies, inflammation in scarred/fibrotic parenchyma areas (recently acknowledged by the BANFF classification) has been recognized as a pivotal element able to accelerate the onset and development of the allograft chronic damage. Therefore, in this review, we focused on some new pathogenetic elements involved in graft fibrosis (including epithelial/endothelial to mesenchymal transition, oxidative stress, activation of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways, fatty acids oxidation and cellular senescence) that, in our opinion, could become in future good candidates as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Yamamoto Y, Iyoda M, Tachibana S, Matsumoto K, Wada Y, Suzuki T, Iseri K, Saito T, Fukuda-Hihara K, Shibata T. Erlotinib attenuates the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats with remnant kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:598-606. [PMID: 28992288 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has a pathogenic role in renal fibrosis. Currently no effective treatment can completely halt the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study was undertaken to investigate the renoprotective effects of erlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can block EGFR activity in the progression of CKD and the mechanisms involved. Methods Sprague Dawley rats with 5/6 nephrectomy were administered either erlotinib or vehicle from 2 weeks after surgery and for a period of 8 weeks. Blood pressure, proteinuria and serum creatinine were measured periodically. Renal morphological investigations were performed at sacrifice. In vitro, we used normal human mesangial cells (NHMCs) and human proximal tubular cells to investigate the inhibitory effects of erlotinib on renal fibrosis-associated signaling pathways by western blotting. Results Erlotinib treatment significantly blunted the progression of CKD as evidenced by reduced levels of serum creatinine, proteinuria and renal cortical profibrogenic genes and scores of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage. Tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration and multiple pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression levels were also attenuated by erlotinib treatment. In vitro, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor-induced Akt and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation in normal human mesangial cells and human proximal tubular cells was inhibited by pretreatment with erlotinib. Conclusions EGFR blocking by erlotinib protected against renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats via inhibition of Akt and ERK 1/2 signaling pathways, which are associated with renal fibrosis. Erlotinib also has anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to its renoprotective effects. Erlotinib represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tachibana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taihei Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Iseri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Saito
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Fukuda-Hihara
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wu M, Wang SS, Cao JY, Tang TT, Gao M, Ma KL, Liu BC. Calcium-sensing receptor mediates interleukin-1β-induced collagen expression in mouse collecting duct cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7353-7362. [PMID: 30525213 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie the profibrotic effect of interleukin (IL)-1β are complicated and not fully understood. Recent evidence has suggested the involvement of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in tubular injury. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate whether CaSR mediates IL-1β-induced collagen expression in cultured mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells (mIMCD3) and to determine the possible downstream signaling effector. The results showed that IL-1β significantly upregulated the expression of type I and III collagens in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, CaSR was expressed in mIMCD3 cells, and its expression was increased by increasing the concentrations and times of IL-1β treatment. Selective inhibitors (Calhex231 or NPS2143) or the siRNA of CaSR attenuated the enhanced expression of type I and III collagens. Furthermore, IL-1β increased nuclear β-catenin protein levels and decreased cytoplasmic β-catenin expression in cells. In contrast, blockage of CaSR by the pharmacological antagonists or siRNA could partially attenuate such changes in the IL-1β-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin. DKK1, an inhibitor of β-catenin nuclear translocation, further inhibited the expression of type I and III collagens in cells treated with IL-1β plus CaSR antagonist. In summary, these data demonstrated that IL-1β-induced collagen I and III expressions in collecting duct cells might be partially mediated by CaSR and the downstream nuclear translocation of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Si Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao-Tao Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun-Ling Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Masola V, Carraro A, Granata S, Signorini L, Bellin G, Violi P, Lupo A, Tedeschi U, Onisto M, Gambaro G, Zaza G. In vitro effects of interleukin (IL)-1 beta inhibition on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular and hepatic stellate cells. J Transl Med 2019; 17:12. [PMID: 30616602 PMCID: PMC6323803 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multi-factorial biological mechanism involved in renal and hepatic fibrosis and the IL-1 beta has been assumed as a mediator of this process although data are not exhaustive. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the role of this cytokine in the EMT of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and stellate cells (LX-2) and the protective/anti-fibrotic effect of its inhibition by Canakinumab (a specific human monoclonal antibody targeted against IL-1beta). Methods Both cell types were treated with IL-1 beta (10 ng/ml) for 6 and 24 h with and without Canakinumab (5 μg/ml). As control we used TGF-beta (10 ng/ml). Expression of EMT markers (vimentin, alpha-SMA, fibronectin) were evaluated through western blotting and immunofluorescence. Genes expression for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 was measured by Real-Time PCR and enzymatic activity by zymography. Cellular motility was assessed by scratch assay. Results IL-1 beta induced a significant up-regulation of EMT markers in both cell types and increased the MMP-2 protein expression and enzymatic activity, similarly to TGF-beta. Moreover, IL-1 beta induced a higher rate of motility in HK-2. Canakinumab prevented all these modifications in both cell types. Conclusions Our results clearly demonstrate the role of IL-1 beta in the EMT of renal/stellate cells and it underlines, for the first time, the therapeutic potential of its specific inhibition on the prevention/minimization of organ fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1770-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masola
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Amedeo Carraro
- Department of General Surgery and Odontoiatrics, Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Signorini
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Gloria Bellin
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Paola Violi
- Department of General Surgery and Odontoiatrics, Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Umberto Tedeschi
- Department of General Surgery and Odontoiatrics, Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, School of Medicine, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital Catholic University, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy.
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Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein Containing a CARD Deletion Ameliorates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Induced Renal Fibrosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6909035. [PMID: 30057487 PMCID: PMC6051069 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6909035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation might be one of the essential underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis, which is considered a key pathological feature of end-stage renal disease and is closely associated with proteinuria and decreased renal function. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), identified as the central structure of inflammasome, is involved in the progression of interstitial fibrosis; however, its signal transduction pathways remain unclear. In the present study, we performed unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) in both wild-type and ASC deletion mice to determine the contribution of ASC to renal fibrosis. Compared with control groups, UUO significantly induced renal fibrosis and collagen deposition, as evidenced by photomicrographs. ASC deletion attenuated renal injury, reduced cell infiltration and the release of inflammatory cytokines, protected against apoptosis, and downregulated the PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our data identify a novel role of ASC in the regulation of renal fibrosis and ER stress after UUO, strongly indicating that ASC could serve as an attractive target in the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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Huang L, Wang A, Hao Y, Li W, Liu C, Yang Z, Zheng F, Zhou MS. Macrophage Depletion Lowered Blood Pressure and Attenuated Hypertensive Renal Injury and Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:473. [PMID: 29867533 PMCID: PMC5949360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte/macrophage recruitment is closely associated with the degree of hypertensive renal injury. We investigated the direct role of macrophages using liposome-encapsulated clodronate (LEC) to deplete monocytes/macrophages in hypertensive renal injury. C57BL/6 mice were treated with a pressor dose of angiotensin (Ang, 1.4 mg/kg/day) II plus LEC or the PBS-liposome for 2 weeks. Ang II mice developed hypertension, albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and renal fibrosis. LEC treatment reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), albuminuria, and protected against renal structural injury in Ang II mice. Ang II significantly increased renal macrophage infiltration (MOMA2+ cells) and the expression of renal tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin β1, which were significantly reduced in Ang II/LEC mice. Ang II increased renal oxidative stress and the expression of profibrotic factors transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and fibronectin. Ang II also inhibited the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase [phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS), ser1177]. LEC treatment reduced renal oxidative stress and TGFβ1 and fibronectin expressions, and increased phospho-eNOS expression in the Ang II mice. In Dahl rats of salt-sensitive hypertension, LEC treatment for 4 weeks significantly attenuated the elevation of SBP induced by high salt intake and protected against renal injury and fibrosis. Our results demonstrate that renal macrophages play a critical role in the development of hypertension and hypertensive renal injury and fibrosis; the underlying mechanisms may be involved in the reduction in macrophage-driven renal inflammation and restoration of the balance between renal oxidative stress and eNOS. Therefore, macrophages should be considered as a potential therapeutic target to reduce the adverse consequences of hypertensive renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Aimei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yun Hao
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhihang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Chenodeoxycholic acid activates NLRP3 inflammasome and contributes to cholestatic liver fibrosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83951-83963. [PMID: 27924062 PMCID: PMC5356637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids in the liver contributes to cholestatic liver injury. Inflammation induced by excessive bile acids is believed to play a crucial role, however, the mechanisms of bile acids triggered inflammatory response remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating liver inflammation and fibrosis. In this study, we for the first time showed that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), the major hydrophobic primary bile acid involved in cholestatic liver injury, could dose-dependently induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine-IL-1β in macrophages by promoting ROS production and K+ efflux. Mechanistically, CDCA triggered ROS formation in part through TGR5/EGFR downstream signaling, including protein kinase B, extracellular regulated protein kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways. Meanwhile, CDCA also induced ATP release from macrophages which subsequently causes K+ efflux via P2X7 receptor. Furthermore, in vivo inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with caspase-1 inhibitor dramatically decreased mature IL-1β level of liver tissue and ameliorated liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model. In conclusion, excessive CDCA may represent an endogenous danger signal to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and initiate liver inflammation during cholestasis. Our finding offers a mechanistic basis to ameliorate cholestatic liver fibrosis by targeting inflammasome activation.
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28
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Masola V, Zaza G, Bellin G, Dall'Olmo L, Granata S, Vischini G, Secchi MF, Lupo A, Gambaro G, Onisto M. Heparanase regulates the M1 polarization of renal macrophages and their crosstalk with renal epithelial tubular cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2018; 32:742-756. [PMID: 28970256 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700597r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is part of the biologic network triggered by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a complication of renal transplantation and acute kidney injury. During this period, the kidney or graft undergoes a process of macrophages recruitment and activation. HPSE may therefore control these biologic effects. We measured the ability of HPSE and its inhibitor, SST0001, to regulate macrophage polarization and the crosstalk between macrophages and HK-2 renal tubular cells during in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Furthermore, we evaluated in vivo renal inflammation, macrophage polarization, and histologic changes in mice subjected to monolateral I/R and treated with SST0001 for 2 or 7 d. The in vitro experiments showed that HPSE sustained M1 macrophage polarization and modulated apoptosis, the release of damage associated molecular patterns in post-H/R tubular cells, the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, and the up-regulation of TLRs on both epithelial cells and macrophages. HPSE also regulated M1 polarization induced by H/R-injured tubular cells and the partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition of these epithelial cells by M1 macrophages. All these effects were prevented by inhibiting HPSE. Furthermore, the inhibition of HPSE in vivo reduced inflammation and M1 polarization in mice undergoing I/R injury, partially restored renal function and normal histology, and reduced apoptosis. These results show for the first time that HPSE regulates macrophage polarization as well as renal damage and repair after I/R. HPSE inhibitors could therefore provide a new pharmacologic approach to minimize acute kidney injury and to prevent the chronic profibrotic damages induced by I/R.-Masola, V., Zaza, G., Bellin, G., Dall'Olmo, L., Granata, S., Vischini, G., Secchi, M. F., Lupo, A., Gambaro, G., Onisto, M. Heparanase regulates the M1 polarization of renal macrophages and their crosstalk with renal epithelial tubular cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masola
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Bellin
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Dall'Olmo
- Azienda Ulss 3 Serenissima, Ospedale San Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, Italy
| | - Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gisella Vischini
- Renal Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; and
| | | | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Renal Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Padova, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Dhana E, Ludwig-Portugall I, Kurts C. Role of immune cells in crystal-induced kidney fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2017; 68-69:280-292. [PMID: 29221812 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases can lead to kidney fibrosis, which can be considered a futile attempt of tissue healing to replaces functional kidney tissue with connective tissue, basically forming a scar. Chronic inflammation is a frequent cause of kidney fibrosis. Classical as well as recently discovered immune cell subsets and their molecular mediators have been intensively investigated for their contribution to kidney fibrosis and their potential as therapeutic targets. Here we review the current knowledge about the role of immune cells in crystal-induced renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanila Dhana
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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30
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Yung S, Chan TM. Molecular and Immunological Basis of Tubulo-Interstitial Injury in Lupus Nephritis: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 52:149-163. [PMID: 26961386 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is an important cause of kidney failure in patients of Asian, African, or Hispanic descent. Its etiology and pathogenesis are multifactorial and remain to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies play a critical role in the pathogenesis, through its direct binding to cross-reactive antigens on resident renal cells or indirect binding through chromatin material to extracellular matrix components, resulting in complement activation, cell activation and proliferation, and induction of inflammatory and fibrotic processes. While tubulo-interstitial damage portends poor long-term renal prognosis, the mechanisms leading to tubulo-interstitial injury in lupus nephritis has received relatively less attention to date. Immune deposition along the tubular basement membrane is often observed in lupus nephritis and correlates with tubulo-interstitial infiltration of immune cells and interstitial fibrosis. Anti-dsDNA antibodies bind to resident renal cells, including proximal renal tubular epithelial cells, and contribute to renal inflammation and fibrosis. There is emerging evidence that epigenetic influence such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs (miRs) also contribute to kidney fibrosis. Overexpression of miR-150 is observed in renal biopsies from patients with lupus nephritis and correlates with kidney fibrosis and chronicity score. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an established and effective standard-of-care therapy for patients with lupus nephritis. Accumulating data suggest that in addition to its immunosuppressive actions on lymphocyte proliferation, mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of MMF, can exert a direct effect on nonimmune cells. Mediators of inflammation and fibrosis induced by anti-dsDNA antibodies in cultured proximal renal tubular epithelial cells are ameliorated by the addition of MPA, suggesting that in addition to its immunosuppressive actions, MPA may also have a beneficial effect in improving tubulo-interstitial inflammation and fibrosis through its direct action on proximal renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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31
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Khurana R, Ranches G, Schafferer S, Lukasser M, Rudnicki M, Mayer G, Hüttenhofer A. Identification of urinary exosomal noncoding RNAs as novel biomarkers in chronic kidney disease. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 23:142-152. [PMID: 27872161 PMCID: PMC5238789 DOI: 10.1261/rna.058834.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the decline in the glomerular filtration rate is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and thus poses a major challenge for healthcare systems. While the contribution of tissue-derived miRNAs and mRNAs to CKD progression has been extensively studied, little is known about the role of urinary exosomes and their association with CKD. Exosomes are small, membrane-derived endocytic vesicles that contribute to cell-to-cell communication and are present in various body fluids, such as blood or urine. Next-generation sequencing approaches have revealed that exosomes are enriched in noncoding RNAs and thus exhibit great potential for sensitive nucleic acid biomarkers in various human diseases. Therefore, in this study we aimed to identify urinary exosomal ncRNAs as novel biomarkers for diagnosis of CKD. Since up to now most approaches have focused on the class of miRNAs, we extended our analysis to several other noncoding RNA classes, such as tRNAs, tRNA fragments (tRFs), mitochondrial tRNAs, or lincRNAs. For their computational identification from RNA-seq data, we developed a novel computational pipeline, designated as ncRNASeqScan. By these analyses, in CKD patients we identified 30 differentially expressed ncRNAs, derived from urinary exosomes, as suitable biomarkers for early diagnosis. Thereby, miRNA-181a appeared as the most robust and stable potential biomarker, being significantly decreased by about 200-fold in exosomes of CKD patients compared to healthy controls. Using a cell culture system for CKD indicated that urinary exosomes might indeed originate from renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers/urine
- Case-Control Studies
- Early Diagnosis
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Exosomes/chemistry
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Female
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Male
- MicroRNAs/urine
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- RNA/urine
- RNA, Long Noncoding/urine
- RNA, Mitochondrial
- RNA, Transfer/urine
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/urine
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Severity of Illness Index
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpi Khurana
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Glory Ranches
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Schafferer
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melanie Lukasser
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Rudnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Hüttenhofer
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- i-med GenomeSeq Core, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Danggui Buxue Tang Attenuates Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis via Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome in a Rat Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9368483. [PMID: 27872860 PMCID: PMC5107862 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9368483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation significantly contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to characterize Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) renoprotection and relationship with NOD-like receptors family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to UUO and randomly assigned to untreated UUO, enalapril-treated (10 mg/kg/day), and DBT-treated (9 g/kg/day) groups. Sham-operated rats served as controls, with 8 rats in each group. All rats were sacrificed for blood and renal specimen collection at 14 days after UUO. Untreated UUO rats exhibited azotemia, intense tubulointerstitial collagen deposition, upregulations of tubulointerstitial injury index, augmentation levels of collagen I (Col I), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, IL-1β, and pro-IL-1β. DBT treatment significantly attenuated interstitial collagen deposition and tubulointerstitial injury, lowering Col I and α-SMA levels. Synchronous expressions of NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, and IL-1β decreased in renal tissue. In comparison to enalapril, DBT significantly reduced tubulointerstitial injury, interstitial collagen deposition, and expressions of Col I and IL-1β. Thus, DBT offers renoprotection in UUO rats, which was associated with suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome expression and following reduction of the secretion of cytokine IL-1β. The mechanisms of multitargets of traditional Chinese medicine can be better used for antifibrotic treatment.
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Khan S, Ahirwar K, Jena G. Anti-fibrotic effects of valproic acid: role of HDAC inhibition and associated mechanisms. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1087-101. [PMID: 27411759 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injuries and pathological insults produce oxidative stress, genetic and epigenetic alterations, which lead to an imbalance between pro- and anti-fibrotic molecules, and subsequent accumulation of extracellular matrix, thereby fibrosis. Various molecular pathways play a critical role in fibroblasts activation, which promotes the extracellular matrix production and accumulation. Recent reports highlighted that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are upregulated in various fibrotic disorders and play a central role in fibrosis, while HDAC inhibitors exert antifibrotic effects. Valproic acid is a first-line anti-epileptic drug and a proven HDAC inhibitor. This review provides the current research and novel insights on antifibrotic effects of valproic acid in various fibrotic conditions with an emphasis on the possible strategies for treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kailash Ahirwar
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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Xia M, Abais JM, Koka S, Meng N, Gehr TW, Boini KM, Li PL. Characterization and Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasomes in the Renal Medulla in Mice. Kidney Blood Press Res 2016; 41:208-21. [PMID: 27010539 DOI: 10.1159/000443424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent studies have indicated that local inflammatory mediators are importantly involved in the regulation of renal function. However, it remains unknown how such local inflammation is triggered intracellularly in the kidney. The present study was designed to characterize the inflammasome centered by Nlrp3 in the kidney and also test the effect of its activation in the renal medulla. METHODS AND RESULTS By immunohistochemistry analysis, we found that inflammasome components, Nlrp3, Asc and caspase-1, were ubiquitously distributed in different kidney areas. The caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production were particularly high in the renal outer medulla compared to other kidney regions. Further confocal microscopy and RT-PCR analysis showed that Nlrp3, Asc and caspase-1 were particularly enriched in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. In anesthetized mice, medullary infusion of Nlrp3 inflammasome activator, monosodium urate (MSU), induced significant decreases in sodium excretion and medullary blood flow without changes in mean arterial blood pressure and renal cortical blood flow. Caspase-1 inhibitor, Ac-YVAD-CMK and deletion of Nlrp3 or Asc gene abolished MSU-induced decreases in renal sodium excretion and MBF. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that renal medullary Nlrp3 inflammasomes represent a new regulatory mechanism of renal MBF and sodium excretion which may not depend on classical inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Carneiro MFH, Morais C, Small DM, Vesey DA, Barbosa F, Gobe GC. Thimerosal induces apoptotic and fibrotic changes to kidney epithelial cells in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1423-1433. [PMID: 24942245 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thimerosal is an ethyl mercury-containing compound used mainly in vaccines as a bactericide. Although the kidney is a key target for mercury toxicity, thimerosal nephrotoxicity has not received the same attention as other mercury species. The aim of this study was to determine the potential cytotoxic mechanisms of thimerosal on human kidney cells. Human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK2) cells were exposed for 24 h to thimerosal (0-2 µM), and assessed for cell viability, apoptosis, and cell proliferation; expression of proteins Bax, nuclear factor-κB subunits, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1); mitochondrial health (JC-1, MitoTracker Red CMXRos); and fibronectin levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Thimerosal diminished HK2 cell viability and mitosis, promoted apoptosis, impaired the mitochondrial permeability transition, enhanced Bax and TGFβ1 expression, and augmented fibronectin secretion. This is the first report about kidney cell death and pro-fibrotic mechanisms promoted by thimerosal. Collectively, these in vitro results demonstrate that (1) thimerosal induces kidney epithelial cell apoptosis via upregulating Bax and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and (2) thimerosal is a potential pro-fibrotic agent in human kidney cells. We suggest that new evidence on toxicity as well as continuous surveillance in terms of fibrogenesis is required concerning thimerosal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David M Small
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Vesey
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bersani-Amado LE, Dantas JA, Damião MJ, Rocha BA, Besson JCF, Bastos RL, Silva LN, Bersani-Amado CA, Cuman RKN. Involvement of cytokines in the modulation and progression of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in C57BL/6 mice: effects of thalidomide and dexamethasone. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 30:35-46. [PMID: 26501392 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the kinetics of cytokines that are involved in the development of interstitial fibrosis in mice that were subjected to UUO, the interstitial type I and III collagen deposition, and the effects of Thalido and Dexa treatment on these parameters. Inbred C57BL/6 mice were divided into the groups: Normal (not submitted surgery), Sham (sham surgery), Control (UUO treated with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose), Thalido (UUO treated with 5 mg/kg thalidomide), and Dexa (UUO treated with 1 mg/kg dexamethasone). The treatments began the day before surgery and were administered once daily by gavage for 1, 7, or 14 days. At the end of each treatment period, blood samples were collected for the determination of creatinine, urea, cytokines. The Control group exhibited a increase in creatinine concentration compared with the Normal and Sham groups within the first 24 h after UUO, which remained high until days 7 and 14. The urea concentration was higher on days 7 and 14 in the Control group compared with the Sham group. In the Thalido and Dexa groups, a reduction of serum creatinine concentration was seen on day 14. Treatment with Dexa reduced the serum concentration of urea on day 7. The serum concentrations of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17) and chemokines (KC, MIG, bFGF) increased in UUO mice at all of the sampling times. The Dexa and Thalido groups exhibited alterations in the concentrations of these cytokines, suggesting the involvement of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms that may have modified the fibrosis framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaílson Araujo Dantas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic-State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcio José Damião
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic-State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ambrósio Rocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic-State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Fernando Besson
- Department of Morphological Sciences-State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lucena Bastos
- Fellowship (Medicine), State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Letícia Nicoletti Silva
- Fellowship (medicine) Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic-State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Dixon D, Coates J, del Carpio Pons A, Horabin J, Walker A, Abdul N, Kalson NS, Brewster NT, Weir DJ, Deehan DJ, Mann DA, Borthwick LA. A potential mode of action for Anakinra in patients with arthrofibrosis following total knee arthroplasty. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16466. [PMID: 26553966 PMCID: PMC4639732 DOI: 10.1038/srep16466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrofibrosis is a fibroproliferative disease characterised by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components intra-articularly leading to pain and restricted range of movement. Although frequently observed following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) no therapeutic options exist. A pilot study demonstrated that intra-articular injection of Anakinra, an IL-1R antagonist, improved range of movement and pain in patients with arthrofibrosis however the mechanism of action is unknown. We hypothesise that IL-1α/β will drive an inflammatory phenotype in fibroblasts isolated from the knee, therefore identifying a potential mechanism of action for Anakinra in arthrofibrosis following TKA. Fibroblasts isolated from synovial membranes and infra-patellar fat pad of patients undergoing TKA express high levels of IL-1R1. Stimulation with IL-1α/β induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype characterised by increased secretion of GMCSF, IL-6 and IL-8. No significant difference in the inflammatory response was observed between fibroblasts isolated from synovial membrane or infra-patellar fat pad. IL-1α/β treatments induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype in fibroblasts from both synovial membrane and infra-patellar fat pad and therefore Anakinra can likely have an inhibitory effect on fibroblasts present in both tissues in vivo. It is also likely that fibroblast responses in the tissues are controlled by IL-1α/β availability and not their ability to respond to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dixon
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jonathon Coates
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alicia del Carpio Pons
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Joanna Horabin
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Andrew Walker
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nicole Abdul
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Trust, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Nicholas S Kalson
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Trust, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Nigel T Brewster
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Trust, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - David J Weir
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Trust, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - David J Deehan
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Trust, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Derek A Mann
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Fluorofenidone inhibits macrophage IL-1β production by suppressing inflammasome activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 27:148-53. [PMID: 25983199 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine that plays an important role in renal fibrosis. Fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) is a novel pyridone agent that exerts a strong renal anti-fibrotic effect. We previously found that administration of AKF-PD could significantly attenuate IL-1β production in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here we show that AKF-PD has no effect on the expression of pro-IL-1β in activated mouse macrophages in vitro. Instead, AKF-PD inhibits the inflammasome, lowering caspase-1 levels and thereby decreasing cleavage of pro-IL-1β into IL-1β. AKF-PD was found to block inflammasome activity induced by various signals, including ATP, alum crystals, and Salmonella typhimurium. These results provide a novel mechanistic insight into how AKF-PD exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities, and suggest that AKF-PD might block IL-1β production via suppression of inflammasomes in renal fibrosis. In addition, the results suggest that AKF-PD may be of therapeutic potential in other inflammasome-related diseases.
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Zhang L, Xu X, Yang R, Chen J, Wang S, Yang J, Xiang X, He Z, Zhao Y, Dong Z, Zhang D. Paclitaxel attenuates renal interstitial fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting STAT3 signaling. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2139-48. [PMID: 25931810 PMCID: PMC4404961 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s81390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that paclitaxel might inhibit renal fibrosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that low-dose paclitaxel may block the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling to attenuate fibrosis in a mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Both NRK-49F cells and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction were treated with paclitaxel. The results showed that paclitaxel treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3, and inhibited the expression of fibronectin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I in cultured NRK-49F cells. S3I-201, an STAT3 inhibitor, also suppressed the expression of fibronectin, α-SMA, and collagen I in cultured NRK-49F cells. Mechanistically, paclitaxel treatment blocked the STAT3 activity by disrupting the association of STAT3 with tubulin and inhibiting STAT3 nucleus translocation. Furthermore, paclitaxel also ameliorated renal fibrosis by down-regulating the expression of fibronectin, α-SMA, and collagen I, and suppressed the infiltration of macrophages and production of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) by inhibition of STAT3 activity in obstructive nephropathy. These results suggest that paclitaxel may block the STAT3 activity by disrupting the association of STAT3 with tubulin and inhibiting STAT3 nucleus translocation, consequently leading to the suppression of renal interstitial fibroblast activation and the development of renal fibrosis, and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruhao Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Junqin Yang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Macrophage adhesion on fibronectin evokes an increase in the elastic property of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton: an atomic force microscopy study. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2014; 43:573-9. [PMID: 25326725 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-014-0988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between cells and microenvironments are essential to cellular functions such as survival, exocytosis and differentiation. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) evokes a variety of biophysical changes in cellular organization, including modification of the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. In fact, the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane are structures that mediate adherent contacts with the ECM; therefore, they are closely correlated. Considering that the mechanical properties of the cell could be affected by cell adhesion-induced changes in the cytoskeleton, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the ECM on the elastic properties of fixed macrophage cells using atomic force microscopy. The results showed that there was an increase (~50%) in the Young's modulus of macrophages adhered to an ECM-coated substrate as compared with an uncoated glass substrate. In addition, cytochalasin D-treated cells had a 1.8-fold reduction of the Young's modulus of the cells, indicating the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton to the elastic properties of the cell. Our findings show that cell adhesion influences the mechanical properties of the plasma membrane, providing new information toward understanding the influence of the ECM on elastic alterations of macrophage cell membranes.
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Anders HJ, Schaefer L. Beyond tissue injury-damage-associated molecular patterns, toll-like receptors, and inflammasomes also drive regeneration and fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1387-400. [PMID: 24762401 PMCID: PMC4073442 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury initiates an inflammatory response through the actions of immunostimulatory molecules referred to as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs encompass a group of heterogenous molecules, including intracellular molecules released during cell necrosis and molecules involved in extracellular matrix remodeling such as hyaluronan, biglycan, and fibronectin. Kidney-specific DAMPs include crystals and uromodulin released by renal tubular damage. DAMPs trigger innate immunity by activating Toll-like receptors, purinergic receptors, or the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, recent evidence revealed that DAMPs also trigger re-epithelialization upon kidney injury and contribute to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and, potentially, to myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation. Thus, these discoveries suggest that DAMPs drive not only immune injury but also kidney regeneration and renal scarring. Here, we review the data from these studies and discuss the increasingly complex connection between DAMPs and kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Anders
- Nephrological Center, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Mia MM, Boersema M, Bank RA. Interleukin-1β attenuates myofibroblast formation and extracellular matrix production in dermal and lung fibroblasts exposed to transforming growth factor-β1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91559. [PMID: 24622053 PMCID: PMC3951452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most potent pro-fibrotic cytokines is transforming growth factor (TGFβ). TGFβ is involved in the activation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, resulting in the hallmark of fibrosis: the pathological accumulation of collagen. Interleukin-1β (IL1β) can influence the severity of fibrosis, however much less is known about the direct effects on fibroblasts. Using lung and dermal fibroblasts, we have investigated the effects of IL1β, TGFβ1, and IL1β in combination with TGFβ1 on myofibroblast formation, collagen synthesis and collagen modification (including prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We found that IL1β alone has no obvious pro-fibrotic effect on fibroblasts. However, IL1β is able to inhibit the TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast formation as well as collagen synthesis. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), the Hedgehog transcription factor that is involved in the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is upregulated by TGFβ1. The addition of IL1β reduced the expression of GLI1 and thereby also indirectly inhibits myofibroblast formation. Other potentially anti-fibrotic effects of IL1β that were observed are the increased levels of MMP1, −2, −9 and −14 produced by fibroblasts exposed to TGFβ1/IL1β in comparison with fibroblasts exposed to TGFβ1 alone. In addition, IL1β decreased the TGFβ1-induced upregulation of lysyl oxidase, an enzyme involved in collagen cross-linking. Furthermore, we found that lung and dermal fibroblasts do not always behave identically towards IL1β. Suppression of COL1A1 by IL1β in the presence of TGFβ1 is more pronounced in lung fibroblasts compared to dermal fibroblasts, whereas a higher upregulation of MMP1 is seen in dermal fibroblasts. The role of IL1β in fibrosis should be reconsidered, and the differences in phenotypical properties of fibroblasts derived from different organs should be taken into account in future anti-fibrotic treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masum M. Mia
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,
| | - Miriam Boersema
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,
| | - Ruud A. Bank
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,
- * E-mail:
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Interleukin-1β attenuates myofibroblast formation and extracellular matrix production in dermal and lung fibroblasts exposed to transforming growth factor-β1. PLoS One 2014. [PMID: 24622053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091559.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most potent pro-fibrotic cytokines is transforming growth factor (TGFβ). TGFβ is involved in the activation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, resulting in the hallmark of fibrosis: the pathological accumulation of collagen. Interleukin-1β (IL1β) can influence the severity of fibrosis, however much less is known about the direct effects on fibroblasts. Using lung and dermal fibroblasts, we have investigated the effects of IL1β, TGFβ1, and IL1β in combination with TGFβ1 on myofibroblast formation, collagen synthesis and collagen modification (including prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We found that IL1β alone has no obvious pro-fibrotic effect on fibroblasts. However, IL1β is able to inhibit the TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast formation as well as collagen synthesis. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), the Hedgehog transcription factor that is involved in the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is upregulated by TGFβ1. The addition of IL1β reduced the expression of GLI1 and thereby also indirectly inhibits myofibroblast formation. Other potentially anti-fibrotic effects of IL1β that were observed are the increased levels of MMP1, -2, -9 and -14 produced by fibroblasts exposed to TGFβ1/IL1β in comparison with fibroblasts exposed to TGFβ1 alone. In addition, IL1β decreased the TGFβ1-induced upregulation of lysyl oxidase, an enzyme involved in collagen cross-linking. Furthermore, we found that lung and dermal fibroblasts do not always behave identically towards IL1β. Suppression of COL1A1 by IL1β in the presence of TGFβ1 is more pronounced in lung fibroblasts compared to dermal fibroblasts, whereas a higher upregulation of MMP1 is seen in dermal fibroblasts. The role of IL1β in fibrosis should be reconsidered, and the differences in phenotypical properties of fibroblasts derived from different organs should be taken into account in future anti-fibrotic treatment regimes.
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Kassianos AJ, Wang X, Sampangi S, Muczynski K, Healy H, Wilkinson R. Increased tubulointerstitial recruitment of human CD141(hi) CLEC9A(+) and CD1c(+) myeloid dendritic cell subsets in renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1391-401. [PMID: 24049150 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00318.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in immune-mediated kidney diseases. Little is known, however, about DC subsets in human chronic kidney disease, with previous studies restricted to a limited set of pathologies and to using immunohistochemical methods. In this study, we developed novel protocols for extracting renal DC subsets from diseased human kidneys and identified, enumerated, and phenotyped them by multicolor flow cytometry. We detected significantly greater numbers of total DCs as well as CD141(hi) and CD1c(+) myeloid DC (mDCs) subsets in diseased biopsies with interstitial fibrosis than diseased biopsies without fibrosis or healthy kidney tissue. In contrast, plasmacytoid DC numbers were significantly higher in the fibrotic group compared with healthy tissue only. Numbers of all DC subsets correlated with loss of kidney function, recorded as estimated glomerular filtration rate. CD141(hi) DCs expressed C-type lectin domain family 9 member A (CLEC9A), whereas the majority of CD1c(+) DCs lacked the expression of CD1a and DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), suggesting these mDC subsets may be circulating CD141(hi) and CD1c(+) blood DCs infiltrating kidney tissue. Our analysis revealed CLEC9A(+) and CD1c(+) cells were restricted to the tubulointerstitium. Notably, DC expression of the costimulatory and maturation molecule CD86 was significantly increased in both diseased cohorts compared with healthy tissue. Transforming growth factor-β levels in dissociated tissue supernatants were significantly elevated in diseased biopsies with fibrosis compared with nonfibrotic biopsies, with mDCs identified as a major source of this profibrotic cytokine. Collectively, our data indicate that activated mDC subsets, likely recruited into the tubulointerstitium, are positioned to play a role in the development of fibrosis and, thus, progression to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Level 9, Bancroft Centre, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia.
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Nakamura K, Komagiri Y, Kubokawa M. Interleukin-1β suppresses activity of an inwardly rectifying K+ channel in human renal proximal tubule cells. J Physiol Sci 2013; 63:377-87. [PMID: 23797607 PMCID: PMC10717820 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on activity of an inwardly rectifying K+ channel in cultured human proximal tubule cells (RPTECs), using the patch-clamp technique and Fura-2 Ca2+ imaging. IL-1β (15 pg/ml) acutely reduced K+ channel activity in cell-attached patches. This effect was blocked by the IL-1 receptor antagonist (20 ng/ml), an inhibitor of phospholipase C, neomycin (300 μM), and an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), GF109203X (500 nM). The Fura-2 Ca2+ imaging revealed that IL-1β increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration even after removal of extracellular Ca2+, which was blocked by an inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB, 1 μM). Moreover, IL-1β suppressed channel activity in the presence of 2-APB without extracellular Ca2+. These results suggest that IL-1β suppresses K+ channel activity in RPTECs through binding to its specific receptor and activation of the PKC pathway even though intracellular Ca2+ does not increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, 028-3694 Japan
| | - You Komagiri
- Department of Physiology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, 028-3694 Japan
| | - Manabu Kubokawa
- Department of Physiology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, 028-3694 Japan
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Boesen EI. Chronic elevation of IL-1β induces diuresis via a cyclooxygenase 2-mediated mechanism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F189-98. [PMID: 23657858 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00075.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal inflammation is an increasingly recognized phenomenon in multiple disease states, but the impact of specific cytokines on renal function is unclear. Previously, we found that 14-day interleukin-1β (IL-1β) infusion increased urine flow in mice. To determine the mechanism by which this occurs, the current study tested the possible involvement of three classical prodiuretic pathways. Chronic IL-1β infusion significantly increased urine flow (6.5 ± 1 ml/day at day 14 vs. 2.3 ± 0.3 ml/day in vehicle group; P < 0.05) and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, all three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, and endothelin (ET)-1 in the kidney (P < 0.05 in all cases). Urinary prostaglandin E metabolite (PGEM) excretion was also significantly increased at day 14 of IL-1β infusion (1.21 ± 0.26 vs. 0.29 ± 0.06 ng/day in vehicle-infused mice; P = 0.001). The selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib markedly attenuated urinary PGEM excretion and abolished the diuretic response to chronic IL-1β infusion. In contrast, deletion of NOS3, or inhibition of NOS1 with L-VNIO, did not blunt the diuretic effect of IL-1β, nor did pharmacological blockade of endothelin ETA and ETB receptors with A-182086. Consistent with a primary effect on water transport, IL-1β infusion markedly reduced inner medullary aquaporin-2 expression (P < 0.05) and did not alter urinary Na⁺ or K⁺ excretion. These data indicate a critical role for COX-2 in mediating the effects of chronic IL-1β elevation on the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Boesen
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Interleukin-1β induces hyaluronan and CD44-dependent cell protrusions that facilitate fibroblast-monocyte binding. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:2223-40. [PMID: 23583650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation is a well-known determinant of progressive tissue fibrosis; however, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. There is growing evidence indicating a role of the cytokine IL-1β in profibrotic responses. We previously demonstrated that fibroblasts stimulated with IL-1β increased their generation of the polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) and increased their expression of the HA synthase enzyme (HAS-2). The aim of this study was to determine the significance of IL-1β-induced changes in HA and HAS-2 generation. In this study, we found that stimulation of fibroblasts with IL-1β results in the relocalization of HA associated with the cell to the outer cell membrane, where it forms HAS2- and CD44-dependent cell membrane protrusions. CD44 is concentrated within the membrane protrusions, where it co-localizes with the intracellular adhesion molecule 1. Furthermore, we have identified that these cell protrusions enhance IL-1β-dependent fibroblast-monocyte binding through MAPK/ERK signaling. Although previous data have indicated the importance of the HA-binding protein TSG-6 in maintaining the transforming growth factor β1-dependent HA coat, TSG-6 was not essential for the formation of the IL-1β-dependent HA protrusions, thus identifying it as a key difference between IL-1β- and transforming growth factor β1-dependent HA matrices. In summary, these data suggest that IL-1β-dependent HA generation plays a role in fibroblast immune activation, leading to sequestration of monocytes within inflamed tissue and providing a possible mechanism for perpetual inflammation.
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Guan Q, Li S, Gao S, Chen H, Nguan CYC, Du C. Reduction of chronic rejection of renal allografts by anti-transforming growth factor-β antibody therapy in a rat model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F199-207. [PMID: 23552866 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00665.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no effective treatment for chronic rejection (CR) that largely limits long-term survival of kidney transplants. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a fibrogenic factor for tissue fibrosis. This study was to test the efficacy of an anti-TGF-β antibody in preventing the CR of renal allografts in a preclinical model. Male Lewis rats (RT1¹) were orthotopically transplanted with donor kidneys from male Fischer 344 (RT11v1) rats and were treated with either anti-TGF-β or a control antibody. The CR of renal allografts was assessed by semiquantitative histological analyses, and intragraft cytokines and fibrosis-related genes ware examined by PCR arrays. Compared with the control antibody, anti-TGF-β antibody treatment significantly reduced recipients' proteinuria (P = 0.0002), and CR in renal transplants, which was indicated by the fewer injured renal tubules, glomeruli, and interlobular arterioles or arteries, and by less mononuclear cell infiltration and interstitial fibrosis in the anti-TGF-β antibody-treated group (P < 0.05), but not significantly attenuate the ratios of different infiltrating leukocytes. These pathological changes were associated with downregulation of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and proinflammatory cytokines, or with upregulation of anti-fibrotic HGF, BMP5, and BMP7. The therapeutic effect of the anti-TGF-β antibody was further confirmed by its prevention of graft dysfunction, indicated by lower levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen or higher creatinine clearance in anti-TGF-β antibody-treated recipients compared with those in control recipients (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the anti-TGF-β antibody (1D11) treatment significantly reduces CR of renal allografts in rats, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this antibody therapy for treating CR of kidney transplants in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiunong Guan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Boini KM, Xia M, Xiong J, Li C, Payne LP, Li PL. Implication of CD38 gene in podocyte epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and glomerular sclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1674-85. [PMID: 21992601 PMCID: PMC3270217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a multifunctional protein involving in a number of signalling pathways. Given that the lack of CD38 is considered as a dedifferentiation marker of lymphocytes and other cells, we hypothesized that CD38 and its signalling pathway may participate in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of podocytes and thereby regulates the integrity of glomerular structure and function. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR demonstrated that renal tissue CD38 expression was lacking in CD38(-/-) mice or substantially reduced in renal CD38 shRNA-transfected WT (CD38-shRNA) mice compared to CD38(+/+) littermates. Confocal fluorescent microscopy demonstrated the reduced expression of epithelial markers (P-Cadherin, ZO-1 and podocin) and increased expression of mesenchymal markers (FSP-1, α-SMA and desmin) in the glomeruli of CD38(-/-) and CD38-shRNA mice compared to CD38(+/+) mice. Morphological examinations showed profound injury in the glomeruli of CD38(-/-) or CD38-shRNA mice compared to CD38(+/+) mice. This enhanced glomerular injury in CD38(-/-) or CD38-shRNA mice was accompanied by increased albuminuria and proteinuria. DOCA/high salt treatment further decreased the expression of epithelial markers and increased the abundance of mesenchymal markers, which were accompanied by more increased glomerular damage index and mean arterial pressure in CD38(-/-) and CD38-shRNA mice than CD38(+/+) mice. In vitro studies showed that inhibition of CD38 enhances the EMT in podocytes. In conclusion, our observations reveal that the normal expression of CD38 importantly contributes to the differentiation and function of podocytes and the defect of this gene expression may be a critical mechanism inducing EMT and consequently resulting in glomerular injury and sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Boini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Duffield JS, Lupher M, Thannickal VJ, Wynn TA. Host responses in tissue repair and fibrosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2012; 8:241-76. [PMID: 23092186 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020712-163930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts accumulate in the spaces between organ structures and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including collagen I. They are the primary "effector" cells in tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Previously, leukocyte progenitors termed fibrocytes and myofibroblasts generated from epithelial cells through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were considered the primary sources of ECM-producing myofibroblasts in injured tissues. However, genetic fate mapping experiments suggest that mesenchyme-derived cells, known as resident fibroblasts, and pericytes are the primary precursors of scar-forming myofibroblasts, whereas epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and myeloid leukocytes contribute to fibrogenesis predominantly by producing key fibrogenic cytokines and by promoting cell-to-cell communication. Numerous cytokines derived from T cells, macrophages, and other myeloid cell populations are important drivers of myofibroblast differentiation. Monocyte-derived cell populations are key regulators of the fibrotic process: They act as a brake on the processes driving fibrogenesis, and they dismantle and degrade established fibrosis. We discuss the origins, modes of activation, and fate of myofibroblasts in various important fibrotic diseases and describe how manipulation of macrophage activation could help ameliorate fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Duffield
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Lung Biology, and the Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98019, USA
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