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Todorovic D, Stojanovic M, Medic A, Gopcevic K, Mutavdzin S, Stankovic S, Djuric D. Four Weeks of Aerobic Training Affects Cardiac Tissue Matrix Metalloproteinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Malate Dehydrogenase Enzymes Activities, and Hepatorenal Biomarkers in Experimental Hyperhomocysteinemia in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136792. [PMID: 34202757 PMCID: PMC8268082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the application of homocysteine as well as its effect under the condition of aerobic physical activity on the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in cardiac tissue and on hepato-renal biochemical parameters in sera of rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 10, per group): C: 0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL/day subcutaneous injection (s.c.); H: homocysteine 0.45 µmol/g b.w./day s.c.; CPA saline (0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL/day s.c.) and a program of physical activity on a treadmill; and HPA homocysteine (0.45 µmol/g b.w./day s.c.) and a program of physical activity on a treadmill. Subcutaneous injection of substances was applied 2 times a day at intervals of 8 h during the first two weeks of experimental protocol. Hcy level in serum was significantly higher in the HPA group compared to the CPA group (p < 0.05). Levels of glucose, proteins, albumin, and hepatorenal biomarkers were higher in active groups compared with the sedentary group. It was demonstrated that the increased activities of LDH (mainly caused by higher activity of isoform LDH2) and mMDH were found under the condition of homocysteine-treated rats plus aerobic physical activity. Independent application of homocysteine did not lead to these changes. Physical activity leads to activation of MMP-2 isoform and to increased activity of MMP-9 isoform in both homocysteine-treated and control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Todorovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Marija Stojanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Ana Medic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Chemistry in Medicine “Prof. Dr. Petar Matavulj”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Kristina Gopcevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Chemistry in Medicine “Prof. Dr. Petar Matavulj”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Slavica Mutavdzin
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Centre of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dragan Djuric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Abuawad A, Bozack AK, Saxena R, Gamble MV. Nutrition, one-carbon metabolism and arsenic methylation. Toxicology 2021; 457:152803. [PMID: 33905762 PMCID: PMC8349595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) is a major public health concern globally. Inorganic As (InAs) undergoes hepatic methylation to form monomethyl (MMAs)- and dimethyl (DMAs)-arsenical species, facilitating urinary As elimination. MMAsIII is considerably more toxic than either InAsIII or DMAsV, and a higher proportion of MMAs in urine has been associated with risk for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Efficiency of As methylation differs substantially between species, between individuals, and across populations. One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a biochemical pathway that provides methyl groups for the methylation of As, and is influenced by folate and other micronutrients, such as vitamin B12, choline, betaine and creatine. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that OCM-related micronutrients play a critical role in As methylation. This review will summarize observational epidemiological studies, interventions, and relevant experimental evidence examining the role that OCM-related micronutrients have on As methylation, toxicity of As, and risk for associated adverse health-related outcomes. There is fairly robust evidence supporting the impact of folate on As methylation, and some evidence from case-control studies indicating that folate nutritional status influences risk for As-induced skin lesions and bladder cancer. However, the potential for folate to be protective for other As-related health outcomes, and the potential beneficial effects of other OCM-related micronutrients on As methylation and risk for health outcomes are less well studied and warrant additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Abuawad
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne K Bozack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roheeni Saxena
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Clarke H, Kim DH, Meza CA, Ormsbee MJ, Hickner RC. The Evolving Applications of Creatine Supplementation: Could Creatine Improve Vascular Health? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092834. [PMID: 32947909 PMCID: PMC7551337 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine is a naturally occurring compound, functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase to play a quintessential role in both cellular energy provision and intracellular energy shuttling. An extensive body of literature solidifies the plethora of ergogenic benefits gained following dietary creatine supplementation; however, recent findings have further indicated a potential therapeutic role for creatine in several pathologies such as myopathies, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disturbances, chronic kidney disease and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, creatine has been found to exhibit non-energy-related properties, such as serving as a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Despite the therapeutic success of creatine supplementation in varying clinical populations, there is scarce information regarding the potential application of creatine for combatting the current leading cause of mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Taking into consideration the broad ergogenic and non-energy-related actions of creatine, we hypothesize that creatine supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for improving vascular health in at-risk populations such as older adults or those with CVD. With an extensive literature search, we have found only four clinical studies that have investigated the direct effect of creatine on vascular health and function. In this review, we aim to give a short background on the pleiotropic applications of creatine, and to then summarize the current literature surrounding creatine and vascular health. Furthermore, we discuss the varying mechanisms by which creatine could benefit vascular health and function, such as the impact of creatine supplementation upon inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Clarke
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (H.C.); (D.-H.K.); (C.A.M.); (M.J.O.)
| | - Do-Houn Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (H.C.); (D.-H.K.); (C.A.M.); (M.J.O.)
| | - Cesar A. Meza
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (H.C.); (D.-H.K.); (C.A.M.); (M.J.O.)
| | - Michael J. Ormsbee
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (H.C.); (D.-H.K.); (C.A.M.); (M.J.O.)
- Department of Biokenetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 4041, South Africa
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, 1104 Spirit Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Robert C. Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (H.C.); (D.-H.K.); (C.A.M.); (M.J.O.)
- Department of Biokenetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 4041, South Africa
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, 1104 Spirit Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zanandrea R, Wiprich MT, Altenhofen S, Rubensam G, Dos Santos TM, Wyse ATS, Bonan CD. Withdrawal Effects Following Methionine Exposure in Adult Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3485-3497. [PMID: 32533465 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) has important functions for homeostasis of various species, including zebrafish. However, the increased levels of this amino acid in plasma, a condition known as hypermethioninemia, can lead to cell alterations. Met is crucial for the methylation process and its excesses interfere with the cell cycle, an effect that persists even after the removal of this amino acid. Some conditions may lead to a transient increase of this amino acid with unexplored persistent effects of Met exposure. In the present study, we investigated the behavioral and neurochemical effects after the withdrawal of Met exposure. Zebrafish were divided into two groups: control and Met-treated group (3 mM) for 7 days and after maintained for 8 days in tanks containing only water. In the eighth day post-exposure, we evaluated locomotion, anxiety, aggression, social interaction, and memory, as well as oxidative stress parameters, amino acid, and neurotransmitter levels in the zebrafish brain. Our results showed that 8 days after Met exposure, the treated group showed decreased locomotion and aggressive responses, as well as impaired aversive memory. The Met withdrawal did not change thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reactive oxygen species, and nitrite levels; however, we observed a decrease in antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total thiols. Epinephrine and cysteine levels were decreased after the Met withdrawal whereas carnitine and creatine levels were elevated. Our findings indicate that a transient increase in Met causes persistent neurotoxicity, observed by behavioral and cognitive changes after Met withdrawal and that the mechanisms underlying these effects are related to changes in antioxidant system, amino acid, and neurotransmitter levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Talita Wiprich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rubensam
- Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
Several conditions in the peritoneal membrane of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients promote the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), that is, the uremic state, exposure to high glucose concentrations, and exposure to glucose degradation products (GDPs). AGEs exert some of their biologic actions through binding with a cell surface receptor, termed RAGE. Interaction of AGEs with RAGE induces sustained cellular activation, including the production of the fibrogenic growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). TGF-β is pivotal in the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, through which cells of epithelial origin acquire myofibroblastic characteristics. Myofibroblasts are involved in virtually all conditions of pathological fibrosis. Submesothelial fibrosis is an important feature in peritoneal biopsies of PD patients, especially of those with clinical problems. We therefore examined the role of RAGE in peritoneal fibrosis, in an animal model of uremia, of high glucose exposure, and of peritoneal dialysate exposure. All three models were characterized by accumulation of AGEs, upregulation of RAGE, and fibrosis. Antagonism of RAGE prevented the upregulation of TGF-β and fibrosis in the peritoneal membrane. We further examined the underlying mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis in the uremic model. Prominent myofibroblast transdifferentiation of mesothelial cells was identified by co-localization of cytokeratin and α-smooth muscle actin in submesothelial and interstitial fibrotic tissue. Antagonism of RAGE prevented conversion of mesothelial cells to myofibroblasts in uremia. In conclusion, we hypothesize that accumulation of AGEs in the peritoneal membrane, as a consequence of the uremic environment, chronic exposure to high glucose, and exposure to GDPs, results in an increased expression of RAGE. The interaction of AGEs with RAGE induces peritoneal fibrosis by virtue of upregulation of TGF-β and subsequent conversion of mesothelial cells into myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- An S. De Vriese
- Renal Unit, University Hospital Gent, and AZ Sint-Jan AV Brugge, Belgium
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6
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de Souza e Silva A, Pertille A, Reis Barbosa CG, Aparecida de Oliveira Silva J, de Jesus DV, Ribeiro AGSV, Baganha RJ, de Oliveira JJ. Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Renal Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Ren Nutr 2019; 29:480-489. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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7
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Sun N, Wu Y, Zhao L, He H, Mei D, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wang X. A rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of endogenous creatine biosynthesis precursors in plasma of children with viral myocarditis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:148-156. [PMID: 31039544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 4 of amino acids, guanidinoacetic acid, S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in human plasma was developed and validated. The method requires no tedious sample preparation, derivatization reagents or ion-pairing reagents. Samples were prepared by combining plasma with a chilled mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and water, followed by centrifugation and diluting the supernatant with 2 volumes of water. Analytes were detected with multiple reaction monitoring using a positive scan mode with electrospray ionization (ESI). In the assay, all the analytes showed good linearity over the investigated concentration range (r > 0.99). The accuracy expressed in relative error (RE) was between -5.0% and 13.2%, and the precision expressed in coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 0.6% to 14.7%. In the two spiked levels (low and high), the averaged recoveries of analytes were between 45.0% and 110.9% and the recovery of internal standard was 92.0%. This method was successfully applied to studying the concentration changes of endogenous creatine (Cr) synthesis precursors in the plasma of children with viral myocarditis after intravenous administration of phosphocreatine (PCr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Yunjiao Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Huan He
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Dong Mei
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Shuyv Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China.
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Evidence of Blood and Muscle Redox Status Imbalance in Experimentally Induced Renal Insufficiency in a Rabbit Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8219283. [PMID: 31089418 PMCID: PMC6476063 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8219283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by a disturbed redox homeostasis, especially in end-stage patients, which is associated with pathological complications such as anemia, atherosclerosis, and muscle atrophy. However, limited evidence exists about redox disturbances before the end stage of CKD. Moreover, the available redox literature has not yet provided clear associations between circulating and tissue-specific (muscle) oxidative stress levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate commonly used redox status indices in the blood and in two different types of skeletal muscle (psoas, soleus) in the predialysis stages of CKD, using an animal model of renal insufficiency, and to investigate whether blood redox status indices could be reflecting the skeletal muscle redox status. Indices evaluated included reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyls (PC), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results showed that blood GSH was higher in the uremic group compared to the control (17.50 ± 1.73 vs. 12.43 ± 1.01, p = 0.033). In both muscle types, PC levels were higher in the uremic group compared to the control (psoas: 1.086 ± 0.294 vs. 0.596 ± 0.372, soleus: 2.52 ± 0.29 vs. 0.929 ± 0.41, p < 0.05). The soleus had higher levels of TBARS, PC, GSH, CAT, and GR and lower TAC compared to the psoas in both groups. No significant correlations in redox status indices between the blood and skeletal muscles were found. However, in the uremic group, significant correlations between the psoas and soleus muscles in PC, GSSG, and CAT levels emerged, not present in the control. Even in the early stages of CKD, a disturbance in redox homeostasis was observed, which seemed to be muscle type-specific, while blood levels of redox indices did not seem to reflect the intramuscular condition. The above results highlight the need for further research in order to identify the key mechanisms driving the onset and progression of oxidative stress and its detrimental effects on CKD patients.
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Van Bavel D, de Moraes R, Tibirica E. Effects of dietary supplementation with creatine on homocysteinemia and systemic microvascular endothelial function in individuals adhering to vegan diets. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:428-440. [PMID: 30506745 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular diseases in vegetarian individuals is lower than that in the general population. Nevertheless, individuals who adhere to vegan diets have a higher prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia with eventual adverse effects on vascular reactivity. Creatine supplementation (CrS) reduces plasma homocysteine levels and enhances vascular reactivity in the microcirculation. Thus, we investigated the effects of CrS on systemic microcirculation and homocysteine blood levels in strict vegan subjects. Forty-nine strict vegan subjects were allocated to the oral CrS (5 g micronized creatine monohydrate daily for three weeks; n = 31) and placebo (n = 18) groups. Laser speckle contrast imaging coupled with acetylcholine skin iontophoresis was used to evaluate cutaneous microvascular reactivity, and intravital video-microscopy was used to evaluate skin capillary density and reactivity before and after CrS. We demonstrated that CrS reduces the plasma levels of homocysteine and increases those of folic acid. After the CrS period, the homocysteine levels of all of the vegan subjects normalized. CrS also induced increases in baseline skin functional capillary density and endothelium-dependent capillary recruitment in both normo- (N-Hcy) and hyperhomocysteinemic (H-Hcy) individuals. CrS increased endothelium-dependent skin microvascular vasodilation in the H-Hcy vegan subjects but not in the N-Hcy vegan subjects. In conclusion, three weeks of oral CrS was sufficient to increase skin capillary density and recruitment and endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity. CrS also resulted in plasma increases in folic acid levels and reductions in homocysteine levels among only the H-Hcy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Van Bavel
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rua das Laranjeiras 374, Rio de Janeiro, 22240-006, Brazil
| | - Roger de Moraes
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rua das Laranjeiras 374, Rio de Janeiro, 22240-006, Brazil.,Research and Productivity Program, Estacio de Sá University, Rua do Bispo 83, Rio de Janeiro, 20261-064, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibirica
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rua das Laranjeiras 374, Rio de Janeiro, 22240-006, Brazil
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Li L, Hasegawa H, Inaba N, Yoshioka W, Chang D, Liu J, Ichida K. Diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia impairs vasodilation in 5/6-nephrectomized rats. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1485-1494. [PMID: 30062489 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasma homocysteine is elevated in patients with impaired renal function, and markedly so at end-stage renal disease. As chronic kidney disease and hyperhomocysteinemia are also independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the latter is hypothesized to accelerate vascular abnormalities following renal failure. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of impaired renal function and hyperhomocysteinemia on vascular function. We show that in 5/6-nephrectomized rats, a model of chronic kidney disease, a methionine-rich diet for 8 weeks induces moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, exacerbates hypertension, and attenuates the vascular response to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, 8-bromo-cGMP, and isoprenaline. However, plasma nitrate/nitrite and total NOS activity in the thoracic aorta were not affected. Collectively, the data imply that hyperhomocysteinemia and end-stage renal disease synergistically impair endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation by blocking the cGMP/protein kinase G and/or cAMP/protein kinase A pathways. 5/6-Nephrectomized rat with hyperhomocysteinemia induced by a methionine-rich diet would be a useful model for elucidating the pathogenesis of vascular impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niro Inaba
- Center for Fundamental Laboratory Education, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshioka
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, The Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - JianXun Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Bozack AK, Saxena R, Gamble MV. Nutritional Influences on One-Carbon Metabolism: Effects on Arsenic Methylation and Toxicity. Annu Rev Nutr 2018; 38:401-429. [PMID: 29799766 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic (InAs) via drinking water and/or food is a considerable worldwide problem. Methylation of InAs generates monomethyl (MMAsIII+V)- and dimethyl (DMAsIII+V)-arsenical species in a process that facilitates urinary As elimination; however, MMAs is considerably more toxic than either InAs or DMAs. Emerging evidence suggests that incomplete methylation of As to DMAs, resulting in increased MMAs, is associated with increased risk for a host of As-related health outcomes. The biochemical pathway that provides methyl groups for As methylation, one-carbon metabolism (OCM), is influenced by folate and other micronutrients, including choline and betaine. Individuals and species differ widely in their ability to methylate As. A growing body of research, including cell-culture, animal-model, and epidemiological studies, has demonstrated the role of OCM-related micronutrients in As methylation. This review examines the evidence that nutritional status and nutritional interventions can influence the metabolism and toxicity of As, with a primary focus on folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Bozack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Roheeni Saxena
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
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12
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Wallimann T, Riek U, Möddel M. Intradialytic creatine supplementation: A scientific rationale for improving the health and quality of life of dialysis patients. Med Hypotheses 2017; 99:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Chen R, Wang J, Liao C, Ma N, Zhang L, Wang X. 1H NMR studies on serum metabonomic changes over time in a kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome model. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The central aim of this study was to investigate metabolite changes in metabolic pathwaysviametabonomic approaches in rats suffering from Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome (KYDS) induced by hydrocortisone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqun Chen
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Liao
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Na Ma
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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Li Z, Li A, Gao J, Li H, Qin X. Kidney Tissue Targeted Metabolic Profiling of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Rats by NMR. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:307. [PMID: 27695416 PMCID: PMC5023943 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is a common pathological process in the progression of kidney disease. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomic approach was used to analyze the kidney tissues of rats with renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF), induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The combination of a variety of statistical methods were used to screen out 14 significantly changed potential metabolites, which are related with multiple biochemical processes including amino acid metabolism, adenine metabolism, energy metabolism, osmolyte change and induced oxidative stress. The exploration of the contralateral kidneys enhanced the understanding of the disease, which was also supported by serum biochemistry and kidney histopathology results. In addition, the pathological parameters (clinical chemistry, histological and immunohistochemistry results) were correlated with the significantly changed differential metabolites related with RIF. This study showed that targeted tissue metabolomic analysis can be used as a useful tool to understand the mechanism of the disease and provide a novel insight in the pathogenesis of RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University Taiyuan, China
| | - Aiping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University Taiyuan, China
| | - Jining Gao
- Shanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University Taiyuan, China
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Deminice R, Rosa FT. Creatine supplementation decreased homocysteine plasma levels in rats but not humans: A critical review with meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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16
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Peters BA, Hall MN, Liu X, Parvez F, Siddique AB, Shahriar H, Uddin MN, Islam T, Ilievski V, Graziano JH, Gamble MV. Low-Dose Creatine Supplementation Lowers Plasma Guanidinoacetate, but Not Plasma Homocysteine, in a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2015; 145:2245-52. [PMID: 26311810 PMCID: PMC4580963 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.216739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creatine synthesis from guanidinoacetate consumes ~50% of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-derived methyl groups, accounting for an equivalent proportion of s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and total homocysteine (tHcys) synthesis. Dietary creatine inhibits the synthesis of guanidinoacetate, thereby lowering plasma tHcys in rats. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypotheses that creatine supplementation lowers plasma guanidinoacetate, increases blood SAM, lowers blood SAH, and lowers plasma tHcys. METHODS Bangladeshi adults were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 treatments for 12 wk: placebo (n = 101), 3 g/d creatine (Cr; n = 101), 400 μg/d folic acid (FA; n = 153), or 3 g/d creatine plus 400 μg/d folic acid (Cr+FA; n = 103). The outcomes of plasma guanidinoacetate and tHcys, as well as whole blood SAM and SAH, were analyzed at baseline and week 12 by HPLC. Treatment effects of creatine supplementation were examined with the use of the group comparisons of Cr vs. placebo and Cr+FA vs. FA. RESULTS Plasma guanidinoacetate declined by 10.6% (95% CI: 4.9, 15.9) in the Cr group while increasing nonsignificantly in the placebo group (3.7%; 95% CI: -0.8, 8.5) (Pgroup difference = 0.0002). Similarly, plasma guanidinoacetate declined by 9.0% (95% CI: 3.4, 14.2) in the Cr+FA group while increasing in the FA group (7.0%; 95% CI: 2.0, 12.2) (Pgroup difference < 0.0001). Plasma tHcys declined by 23.4% (95% CI: 19.5, 27.1) and 21.0% (95% CI: 16.4, 25.2) in the FA and Cr+FA groups, respectively (Pgroup difference = 0.41), with no significant changes in the placebo or Cr groups (Pgroup difference = 0.35). A decrease in guanidinoacetate over time was associated with a decrease in tHcys over time in the Cr+FA group (β = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.43; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that whereas creatine supplementation downregulates endogenous creatine synthesis, this may not on average lower plasma tHcys in humans. However, tHcys did decrease in those participants who experienced a decline in plasma guanidinoacetate while receiving creatine plus folic acid supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01050556.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and
| | | | - Abu B Siddique
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Shahriar
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Tariqul Islam
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Kolling J, Scherer EB, Siebert C, Marques EP, dos Santos TM, Wyse AT. Creatine prevents the imbalance of redox homeostasis caused by homocysteine in skeletal muscle of rats. Gene 2014; 545:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Deminice R, Rosa FT, Franco GS, da Cunha SFC, de Freitas EC, Jordao AA. Short-term creatine supplementation does not reduce increased homocysteine concentration induced by acute exercise in humans. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1355-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kolling J, Scherer EBS, Siebert C, Hansen F, Torres FV, Scaini G, Ferreira G, de Andrade RB, Gonçalves CAS, Streck EL, Wannmacher CMD, Wyse ATS. Homocysteine induces energy imbalance in rat skeletal muscle: is creatine a protector? Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:575-84. [PMID: 23225327 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Homocystinuria is a neurometabolic disease caused by a severe deficiency of cystathionine beta-synthase activity, resulting in severe hyperhomocysteinemia. Affected patients present several symptoms including a variable degree of motor dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic hyperhomocysteinemia on the cell viability of the mitochondrion, as well as on some parameters of energy metabolism, such as glucose oxidation and activities of pyruvate kinase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, respiratory chain complexes and creatine kinase in gastrocnemius rat skeletal muscle. We also evaluated the effect of creatine on biochemical alterations elicited by hyperhomocysteinemia. Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of homocysteine (0.3-0.6 µmol/g body weight) and/or creatine (50 mg/kg body weight) from the 6th to the 28th days of age. The animals were decapitated 12 h after the last injection. Homocysteine decreased the cell viability of the mitochondrion and the activities of pyruvate kinase and creatine kinase. Succinate dehydrogenase was increased other evaluated parameters were not changed by this amino acid. Creatine, when combined with homocysteine, prevented or caused a synergistic effect on some changes provoked by this amino acid. Creatine per se or creatine plus homocysteine altered glucose oxidation. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which homocysteine exerts its effects on skeletal muscle function, more studies are needed to elucidate them. Although creatine prevents some alterations caused by homocysteine, it should be used with caution, mainly in healthy individuals because it could change the homeostasis of normal physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Kolling
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Deminice R, Vannucchi H, Simões-Ambrosio LM, Jordao AA. Creatine supplementation reduces increased homocysteine concentration induced by acute exercise in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:2663-70. [PMID: 21394640 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of creatine supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism after acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise. A total of 112 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: aerobic exercise (A), aerobic exercise plus creatine supplementation (ACr), anaerobic exercise (An), and anaerobic exercise plus creatine-supplemented (AnCr). Creatine supplementation consisted of the addition of 2% creatine monohydrate to the diet. After 28 days, the rats performed an acute moderate aerobic exercise bout (1 h swimming with 4% of total body weight load) or an acute intense anaerobic exercise bout (6 × 30-s vertical jumps into the water with a 30-s rest between jumps, with 50% of total body weight load). The animals were killed before (pre) and at 0, 2, and 6 h (n = 8) after acute exercise. Plasma Hcy concentration increased significantly (P < 0.05) up to 2 h after anaerobic exercise (An group: pre 8.7 ± 1.2, 0 h 13.2 ± 2.3, 2 h 13.5 ± 4.2, and 6 h 12.1 ± 2.2, μmol/l). The same did not occur in acute aerobic exercised animals. Nevertheless, creatine supplementation significant decreased (P < 0.05) homocysteine concentration independent of exercise intensity (AnCr group: pre 17%, 0 h 80%, 2 h 107%, and 6 h 48%; ACr group: pre 17%, 0 h 19%, 2 h 28%, and 6 h 27%). Increased S-adenosylhomocysteine was also found in the An group. In conclusion, acute intense anaerobic exercise increased plasma Hcy concentration. On the other hand, creatine supplementation decreased plasma Hcy independent of exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Deminice
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, SP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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21
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Metabonomic study of biochemical changes in the urine of Morning Glory Seed treated rat. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:559-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ma C, Bi K, Zhang M, Su D, Fan X, Ji W, Wang C, Chen X. Toxicology effects of morning glory seed in rat: a metabonomic method for profiling of urine metabolic changes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:134-142. [PMID: 20435118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morning Glory Seed (MGS) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine which is widely used for the treatment of edema, ascites, hydroncus, simple obesity, lung fever and ardent fever. In recent years, long-term exposure to Morning Glory Seed (MGS) has shown to pose progressive renal damage in clinical practice. We hypothesize that changes in metabolic profile could have occurred before symptoms were observed, which may allow early treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the metabolic changes caused by Morning Glory Seed-induced renal damage. METHOD Metabonomics method was used for chronic toxicology study of MGS in Wistar rats. With a therapeutic dose, the model rats were orally administered the extract of MGS for 10 weeks continuously. The urine samples of model and control rats were collected in various time-points and the endogenous metabolites were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The identification of all the potential biomarkers was performed using reference standard by comparing their mass spectra, MS/MS fragmentation and retention time. Furthermore, histopathology and clinical chemistry studies were carried out to ensure the success of MGS-induced nephrotoxicity model. RESULTS The difference in metabolic profiles between the control and the dosed rats was well observed by the principal component analysis (PCA) of the MS spectra. Significant changes of 12 metabolite biomarkers were detected in the rat urine samples. Metabonomics method could discriminate the model rats from the control rats in 2nd, 6th and 10th week respectively before serious organic damage of kidney was found in 10th week by histopathology method. CONCLUSION We believe that metabolic profiling may act as a preclinical protocol for MGS exposure before symptoms are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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Jahangir E, Vita JA, Handy D, Holbrook M, Palmisano J, Beal R, Loscalzo J, Eberhardt RT. The effect of L-arginine and creatine on vascular function and homocysteine metabolism. Vasc Med 2009; 14:239-48. [PMID: 19651674 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x08100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies with L-arginine supplementation have shown inconsistent effects on endothelial function. The generation of guanidinoacetate (GAA) from L-arginine with subsequent formation of creatine and homocysteine and consumption of methionine may reduce the pool of L-arginine available for nitric oxide generation. Experimental studies suggest that creatine supplementation might block this pathway. We sought to determine the effects of L-arginine, creatine, or the combination on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and homocysteine metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease. Patients with coronary artery disease were randomized to L-arginine (9 g/day), creatine (21 g/day), L-arginine plus creatine, or placebo for 4 days (n = 26-29/group). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and plasma levels of L-arginine, creatine, homocysteine, methionine, and GAA were measured at baseline and follow-up. L-arginine and creatine supplementation had no effects on vascular function. L-arginine alone increased GAA (p < 0.01) and the ratio of homocysteine to methionine (p < 0.01), suggesting increased methylation demand. The combination of creatinine and L-arginine did not suppress GAA production or prevent the increase in homocysteine-to-methionine ratio. Unexpectedly, creatine supplementation (alone or in combination with L-arginine) was associated with an 11-20% increase in homocysteine concentration (p < 0.05), which was not attributable to worsened renal function, providing evidence against an effect of creatine on decreasing methylation demand. In conclusion, the present study provides no evidence that L-arginine supplementation improves endothelial function and suggests that l-arginine may increase methylation demand. Creatine supplementation failed to alter the actions of L-arginine on vascular function or suppress methylation demand. The unexpected increase in homocysteine levels following creatine supplementation could have adverse effects and merits further study, since creatine is a commonly used dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Jahangir
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Hall MN, Liu X, Slavkovich V, Ilievski V, Pilsner JR, Alam S, Factor-Litvak P, Graziano JH, Gamble MV. Folate, Cobalamin, Cysteine, Homocysteine, and Arsenic Metabolism among Children in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:825-31. [PMID: 19479028 PMCID: PMC2685848 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 35 million people in Bangladesh are chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic (InAs) in drinking water. Methylation of InAs to monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acids (DMA) relies on folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism and facilitates urinary arsenic (uAs) elimination. OBJECTIVES We examined the relationships between folate, cobalamin, cysteine, total homocysteine (tHcys), and uAs metabolites in a sample of 6-year-old Bangladeshi children (n = 165). METHODS Children provided blood samples for measurement of tHcys, folate, cobalamin, and cysteine, and urine specimens for the measurement of total uAs and As metabolites. RESULTS Consistent with our studies in adults, mean tHcys concentrations (7.9 micromol/L) were higher than those reported among children of similar ages in other populations. Nineteen percent of the children had plasma folate concentrations < 9.0 nmol/L. The proportion of total uAs excreted as InAs (%InAs) was inversely correlated with folate (r = -0.20, p = 0.01) and cysteine (r = -0.23, p = 0.003), whereas the correlations between %DMA and both folate (r = 0.12, p = 0.14) and cysteine (r = 0.11, p = 0.15) were positive. Homocysteine was inversely correlated (r = -0.27, p = 0.009) with %MMA in males, and the correlation with %DMA was positive (r = 0.13, p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, similar to adults, folate and cysteine facilitate As methylation in children. However, the inverse correlation between tHcys and %MMA, and positive correlation with %DMA, are both opposite to our previous findings in adults. We propose that upregulation of one-carbon metabolism, presumably necessary to meet the considerable demands for DNA and protein biosynthesis during periods of rapid growth, results in both increased tHcys biosynthesis and increased As methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vesna Slavkovich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vesna Ilievski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - J. Richard Pilsner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shafiul Alam
- Columbia University Arsenic Project, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Joseph H. Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary V. Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor for CVD. Recent data show a relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) and free radical formation. Since creatine synthesis is responsible for most of the methyl group transfers that result in Hcy formation, creatine supplementation might inhibit Hcy production and reduce free radical formation. The present study investigated the effects of creatine supplementation on Hcy levels and lipid peroxidation biomarkers. Thirty rats were divided into three groups: control group; diet with creatine group (DCr; 2 % creatine in the diet for 28 d); creatine overload plus diet with creatine group (CrO + D; 5 g creatine/kg by oral administration for 5 d+2 % in the diet for 23 d). Plasma Hcy was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in DCr (7.5 (sd 1.2) micromol/l) and CrO + D (7.2 (sd 1.7) micromol/l) groups compared with the control group (12.4 (sd 2.2) micromol/l). Both plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) (control, 10 (sd 3.4); DCr, 4.9 (sd 0.7); CrO + D, 2.4 (sd 1) micromol/l) and plasma total glutathione (control, 4.3 (sd 1.9); DCr, 2.5 (sd 0.8); CrO + D, 1.8 (sd 0.5) micromol/l) were lower in the groups that received creatine (P < 0.05). In addition, Hcy showed significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) with plasma creatine (r - 0.61) and positive correlation with plasma TBARS (r 0.74). Plasma creatine was negatively correlated with plasma TBARS (r - 0.75) and total peroxide (r - 0.40). We conclude that creatine supplementation reduces plasma Hcy levels and lipid peroxidation biomarkers, suggesting a protective role against oxidative damage. Modulating Hcy formation may, however, influence glutathione synthesis and thereby affect the redox state of the cells.
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Ni Y, Su M, Qiu Y, Chen M, Liu Y, Zhao A, Jia W. Metabolic profiling using combined GC-MS and LC-MS provides a systems understanding of aristolochic acid-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:707-11. [PMID: 17274990 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 12/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a combined GC-MS and LC-MS metabolic profiling approach to unraveling the pathological outcomes of aristolochic acid (AA)-induced nephrotoxicity. Urine samples were analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS in combination with pattern recognition techniques, e.g. principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis. The work indicates that AA-induced acute renal toxicity as evidenced by histopathological examinations could be characterized by systemic disturbance of metabolic network involving free fatty acids generation, energy and amino acids metabolism, and alteration in the structure of gut microbiota. Therefore, this method is potentially applicable to the toxicological study, providing a comprehensive understanding of systems response to xenobiotic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ni
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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De Vriese AS, Tilton RG, Mortier S, Lameire NH. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation of mesothelial cells is mediated by RAGE and contributes to peritoneal fibrosis in uraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:2549-55. [PMID: 16757496 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfl271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uraemia is associated with fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane, even prior to the start of peritoneal dialysis. Increased carbonyl stress and the resultant formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are potentially involved. The interaction of AGEs with their cell surface receptor for AGE (RAGE) induces sustained cellular activation, including the production of the fibrogenic growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). TGF-beta is pivotal in the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with the acquisition of myofibroblast characteristics. We investigated whether antagonism of RAGE prevents uraemia-induced peritoneal fibrosis. In addition, we examined whether myofibroblast transdifferentiation of mesothelial cells contributes to peritoneal fibrosis in uraemia. METHODS Uraemia was induced in rats by subtotal nephrectomy. Uraemic and age-matched sham-operated rats were treated for 6 weeks with neutralizing monoclonal anti-RAGE antibodies or placebo. Expression of AGE, RAGE, cytokeratin and alpha-smooth muscle actin was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. TGF-beta expression was examined with immunostaining and western blotting, and Snail expression with western blotting. Fibrosis was quantified with a picro-sirius red staining and measurement of the hydroxyproline content of the tissue. RESULTS Uraemia resulted in the accumulation of AGE, up-regulation of RAGE and TGF-beta and the development of interstitial fibrosis and vascular sclerosis in the peritoneal membrane. Prominent myofibroblast transdifferentiation of mesothelial cells was identified by colocalization of cytokeratin and alpha-smooth muscle actin in submesothelial and interstitial fibrotic tissue. The antagonism of RAGE prevented the up-regulation of TGF-beta, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells and fibrosis in uraemia. CONCLUSION The ligand engagement of RAGE and the subsequent up-regulation of TGF-beta induces peritoneal fibrosis in chronic uraemia. The process may be mediated by the conversion of mesothelial cells into myofibroblasts.
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Ferreira LG, De Toledo Bergamaschi C, Lazaretti-Castro M, Heilberg IP. Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition and renal function in rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 37:1525-9. [PMID: 16177604 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000177555.94271.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of oral creatine supplementation on renal function and body composition (fat and lean mass) in an experimental model. METHODS Male Wistar rats were supplemented with creatine (2 g.kg(-1) of food) for 10 wk in combination with treadmill exercise, 12 m.min(-1), 1 h.d(-1) (CREAT + EX, N = 12) or not (CREAT, N = 10), and compared with exercised animals without creatine supplementation (EX, N = 7) and CONTROL animals, N = 7. Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were measured by inulin and paraaminohippurate clearance, respectively. RESULTS At the end of the study (post), CREAT+EX presented higher lean mass and lower fat mass than CREAT, EX or CONTROL (349.7 +/- 19.7 vs 313.3 +/- 20.3, 311.9 +/- 30.8, 312.4 +/- 21.0 g and 5.7 +/- 2.3 vs 10.0 +/- 3.3, 9.8 +/- 1.5, 10.0 +/- 3.5%, P < 0.05, respectively). Post lean/fat mass ratio was higher than baseline only in CREAT + EX (18.9 +/- 7.2 vs 8.6 +/- 1.8, P < 0.05). Post BMD was significantly higher than baseline in all groups. GFR and RPF were lower in CREAT versus CONTROL (0.5 +/- 0.1 vs 1.0 +/- 0.1 and 1.5 +/- 0.2 vs 2.4 +/- 0.5 mL.min(-1), P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Creatine supplement in combination with exercise increased the proportion of lean mass more than EX or CREAT alone. The use of creatine alone induced an important and significant reduction of both RPF and GFR.
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Schrijvers BF, Flyvbjerg A, Tilton RG, Rasch R, Lameire NH, De Vriese AS. Pathophysiological Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Remnant Kidney. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 101:e9-15. [PMID: 15925906 DOI: 10.1159/000086034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subtotal renal ablation is characterized by initial glomerular hypertrophy, followed by progressive development of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in glomerular hypertrophy and dysfunction in several pathophysiological conditions. On the other hand, progressive glomerulosclerosis and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in the remnant kidney have been associated with loss of VEGF expression. METHODS To explore the pathophysiological role of VEGF in the development of glomerular hypertrophy and renal damage in the remnant kidney model, we examined the effect of a neutralizing VEGF antibody on glomerular volume and kidney function in rats after subtotal nephrectomy or sham operation. Erythropoietin was administered to exclude a confounding effect of anaemia. RESULTS Six weeks after subtotal nephrectomy, plasma urea and creatinine concentrations, urinary albumin excretion, and mean glomerular volume were elevated in the placebo-treated uraemic rats as compared with the sham-operated rats. Inhibition of VEGF partially prevented the glomerular hypertrophy and largely prevented the rise in urinary albumin excretion, but did not affect creatinine clearance in uraemic rats. CONCLUSIONS VEGF is a mediator of glomerular hypertrophy after subtotal renal ablation. In view of glomerular hypertrophy as the initial deleterious event ultimately leading to progressive glomerulosclerosis, agents that block this glomerular growth could be useful in preventing scarring in progressive renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieke F Schrijvers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
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van Guldener C, Stam F, Stehouwer CDA. Hyperhomocysteinaemia in chronic kidney disease: focus on transmethylation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005; 43:1026-31. [PMID: 16197293 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2005.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHyperhomocysteinaemia almost invariably occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but there is debate whether, within the group of ESRD patients, higher or lower plasma homocysteine concentrations are related to an increased risk of vascular disease. Homocysteine is thought to be vasculotoxic in high concentrations, but it may also lead to elevated levels of its precursor, S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), which is a potent inhibitor of the transmethylation pathway, in which S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) donates its methyl group to a variety of acceptors. Impairment of this transmethylation pathway in ESRD patients has been suggested by high AdoHcy levels, decreased AdoMet/AdoHcy ratios, decreased protein repair requiring methyltransferases, and by DNA hypomethylation. Stable isotope techniques using labelled methionine have indeed demonstrated a decreased whole body transmethylation flux in ESRD patients. These studies have also shown that folic acid treatment is capable of restoring transmethylation rates to normal values. The remaining hyperhomocysteinaemia after folic acid treatment in ESRD is probably due to a persistent impairment of homocysteine clearance through transsulphuration. DNA hypomethylation with its concurrent alterations in gene expression is largely improved by folate treatment. The adverse effects of hyperhomocysteinaemia in ESRD may thus be related to impaired transmethylation. Normalisation of plasma homocysteine does not seem to be required to restore transmethylation to normal levels in ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen van Guldener
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.
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Taes YEC, De Vriese AS. Analytical and biochemical aspects associated with supraphysiological creatine intake. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 351:217-9. [PMID: 15563893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Taes YEC, Delanghe JR, De Bacquer D, Langlois M, Stevens L, Geerolf I, Lameire NH, De Vriese AS. Creatine supplementation does not decrease total plasma homocysteine in chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2004; 66:2422-8. [PMID: 15569335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.66019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia is present in the majority of chronic hemodialysis patients. Treatment with folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 cannot fully normalize plasma homocysteine concentrations (tHcy). Previously we have demonstrated the tHcy-lowering effect of creatine supplementation in an animal model of uremia (Kidney Int 64:1331-1337, 2003). The present study investigates the effects of creatine supplementation on tHcy in a vitamin-repleted chronic hemodialysis population. METHODS Forty-five hemodialysis patients receiving folic acid and vitamin B6 and B12 were included. Patients were treated with creatine (2 g/day) or placebo during 2 treatment periods of 4 weeks, separated by a washout of 4 weeks. Plasma tHcy, creatine, Kt/V(urea), folic acid, vitamin B12, and routine biochemistry were determined, as well as the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index. RESULTS All patients had elevated tHcy concentrations (21.2 +/- 5.6 micromol/L). Creatine treatment resulted in increased plasma and red blood cell creatine levels, documenting uptake of creatine. Creatine did not affect tHcy concentrations. There was no relationship between plasma creatine concentrations and tHcy concentrations. No changes in body weight, routine biochemistry, nutritional status, folic acid, or vitamin B12 were observed during the study. CONCLUSION Creatine supplementation at a rate of 2 g/day does not further decrease tHcy concentrations in chronic dialysis patients already treated with high dose folic acid, vitamin B6, and B12 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri E C Taes
- Laboratory Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium.
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Fukagawa NK, Galbraith RA. Advancing age and other factors influencing the balance between amino acid requirements and toxicity. J Nutr 2004; 134:1569S-1574S. [PMID: 15173432 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.6.1569s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As the average human lifespan increases, so does the recognition that advancing age is associated with changes in nutrient intake and requirements as a consequence of biological, social, and pathological factors. Studies show that whereas protein requirements may not differ significantly between younger and older adults, the adaptive mechanisms and responses to nutritional or pathological stressors may differ and alter the balance between requirement and toxicity of specific amino acids (AAs). As an individual gets older, cardiovascular disease and cancer become the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Advancing age is also associated with changes in appetite, food intake, and physical activity, all of which can influence protein and AA metabolism. The sulfur amino acids (SAAs) methionine and cysteine recently attracted attention because of their pivotal roles in methyl group metabolism and maintenance of the cellular redox state. Methionine, an indispensable AA, is important for methylation reactions and as a precursor for cysteine, which is the rate-limiting AA for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. On one hand, high intake levels or blood concentrations of methionine are associated with adverse consequences such as hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, methionine deficiency is reported to lower the threshold of chemical-induced toxicity and play a role in carcinogenesis. Therefore, it is evident that understanding the biological significance of the interrelationship between SAAs, GSH, and methyl group metabolism is key to determining optimal dietary intakes of SAAs in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi K Fukagawa
- Department of Medicine, General Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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