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Tripathi N, Danger R, Chesneau M, Brouard S, Laurent AD. Structural insights into the catalytic mechanism granzyme B upon substrate and inhibitor binding. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 114:108167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cai S, Hou J, Fujino M, Zhang Q, Ichimaru N, Takahara S, Araki R, Lu L, Chen JM, Zhuang J, Zhu P, Li XK. iPSC-Derived Regulatory Dendritic Cells Inhibit Allograft Rejection by Generating Alloantigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1174-1189. [PMID: 28434942 PMCID: PMC5425686 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory dendritic cell (DCregs)-based immunotherapy is a potential therapeutic tool for transplant rejection. We generated DCregs from murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which could remain in a “stable immature stage” even under strong stimulation. Harnessing this characteristic, we hypothesized that iPS-DCregs worked as a negative vaccine to generate regulatory T cells (Tregs), and induced donor-specific allograft acceptance. We immunized naive CBA (H-2Kk) mice with B6 (H-2Kb) iPS-DCregs and found that Tregs (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) significantly increased in CBA splenocytes. Moreover, immunized CBA recipients permanently accepted B6 cardiac grafts in a donor-specific pattern. We demonstrated mechanistically that donor-type iPS-DCregs triggered transforming growth factor β1 secretion, under which the donor-antigen peptides directed naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into donor-specific FOXP3+ Tregs instead of into effector T cells in vivo. These findings highlight the potential of iPS-DCregs as a key cell therapy resource in clinical transplantation. iPS-DCregs keep in stable immature stage that makes them a powerful cellular vaccine Donor-type iPS-DCregs lead to permanent acceptance of allogeneic cardiac grafts iPS-DCregs reduce CTL and downregulate proinflammatory cytokine iPS-DCregs enhance Tregs transmigration capability in a TGF-β1-dependent manner
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Cai
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jiangang Hou
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Qi Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Naotsugu Ichimaru
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryoko Araki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lina Lu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ji-Mei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China.
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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Blessing or curse? Proteomics in granzyme research. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:351-81. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhu SP, Liu G, Wu XT, Chen FX, Liu JQ, Zhou ZH, Zhang JF, Fei SJ. The effect of phloretin on human γδ T cells killing colon cancer SW-1116 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 15:6-14. [PMID: 23174508 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of Phloretin on human γδ T cells killing colon cancer SW-1116 cells. METHODS γδ T cells were amplified in vitro from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells through isopentenyl pyrophosphate method (IPP). After cocultured different concentrations of Phloretin with γδ T cells or SW-1116 cells for 48h respectively, MTT assay was used to test the growth curve of these two cells; Flow cytometry to test the expression of Granzyme B (GraB), perforin (PFP), CD107a and IFN-γ of γδ T cells; Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay to test the cytotoxic activity of the γδ T cells on SW-1116 cells; and Western blot to test the Wnt3a expression of the γδ T cells. RESULTS After cultured with IPP for ten days, the percentage of γδ T cells increased from 3.31±3.00% to 78.40±10.30%. Compared to the control group, when the concentration of Phloretin increased from 2.35μg/ml to 18.75μg/ml, it could significantly proliferate the γδ T cell growth (P<0.05) and inhibit the growth of SW-1116 cells in dose-response, and the expression of GraB, PFP, CD107a and Wnt3a significantly increased (P<0.05). Significant positive relationships were observed among CD107a and PFP, GraB, cytotoxicity (P<0.05). The percentage of IFN-γ producing γδ T cells treated with Phloretin was significantly higher than control group. CONCLUSION Phloretin can enhance the killing effect of γδ T cells on SW-1116 cells; the mechanism may be that Phloretin could proliferate the γδ T cell growth, increase the expression of PFP and GraB, activate the Wnt signaling pathway, and produce higher level of IFN-γ. Indeed CD107a expression probably correlates quite well with antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Feng C, Jin J, Zou Q, Chen X, Zhou C, Wu B, Weiner DB, Wang B. Interleukin-21 Inhibits Humoral Response to an HIV DNA Vaccine by Enhancing Bcl-6 and Pax-5 Expression. Viral Immunol 2012; 25:131-40. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2011.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Feng
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Jin
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - David B. Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Liu Y, Butterfield LH, Fu X, Song Z, Zhang X, Lu C, Ding G, Wu M. Lentivirally engineered dendritic cells activate AFP-specific T cells which inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2011; 39:245-53. [PMID: 21491085 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor-associated antigen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is an established biomarker for HCC. In this study, we created a lentivirus expressing the AFP antigen and investigated the anti-tumor activity of AFP-specific CD8+ T cells, with and without CD4+ T cells, which were activated by either AFP peptide-pulsed or Lenti-AFP-engineered Dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and in vivo. AFP-specific T cells could efficiently kill HepG2 HCC cells, and produced IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin and granzyme B, with minimal production of IL-10 (a negative regulator of T cell activation). Both strategies activated AFP-specific T cells, but the lentiviral strategy was superior by several measures. Data also support an impact of CD4+ T cells in supporting anti-tumor activity. In vivo studies in a xenograft HCC tumor model also showed that AFP-specific T cells could markedly suppress HCC tumor formation and morbidity in tumor-bearing nude mice, as well as regulate serum levels of related cytokines and anti-tumor molecules. In parallel with human in vitro T cell cultures, the in vivo model demonstrated superior anti-tumor effects and Th1-skewing with Lenti-AFP-DCs. This study supports the superiority of a full-length antigen lentivirus-based DCs vaccine strategy over peptides, and provides new insight into the design of DCs-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Shanghai 10th People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China.
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Increasing a robust antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response by FMDV DNA vaccination with IL-9 expressing construct. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:562356. [PMID: 20445754 PMCID: PMC2860767 DOI: 10.1155/2010/562356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various chemokines and cytokines as adjuvants can be used to improve efficacy of DNA vaccination. In this study, we sought to investigate if a DNA construct expressing IL-9 (designed as proV-IL9) as a molecular adjuvant enhance antigen specific immune responses elicited by the pcD-VP1 DNA vaccination. Mice immunized with pcD-VP1 combined with proV-IL9 developed a strong humoral response. In addition, the coinoculation induced significant higher level of antigen-specific cell proliferation and cytotoxic response. This agreed well with higher expression level of IFN-gamma and perforin in CD8+ T cells, but not with IL-17 in these T cells. The results indicate that IL-9 induces the development of IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc1), but not the IL-17-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc17). Up-regulated expressions of BCL-2 and BCL-XL were exhibited in these Tc1 cells, suggesting that IL-9 may trigger antiapoptosis mechanism in these cells. Together, these results demonstrated that IL-9 used as molecular adjuvant could enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccination, in augmenting humoral and cellular responses and particularly promoting Tc1 activations. Thus, the IL-9 may be utilized as a potent Tc1 adjuvant for DNA vaccines.
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Zhou F. Expression of Multiple Granzymes by Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Implies that They Activate Diverse Apoptotic Pathways in Target Cells. Int Rev Immunol 2010; 29:38-55. [DOI: 10.3109/08830180903247889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Potential Role of Thymosin-alpha1 Adjuvant Therapy for Glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2009:302084. [PMID: 20111737 PMCID: PMC2810470 DOI: 10.1155/2009/302084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are high-grade, malignant CNS neoplasms that are
nearly always fatal within 12 months of diagnosis. Immunotherapy
using proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-2 or IL-12 may prolong
survival with glioblastoma. Thymosin-α1 (Talpha1) is a thymic hormone and immunemodulator
that increase IL-2 production and T-cell proliferation. We
examined potential therapeutic effects of Talpha1 in experimental
in vivo glioblastoma, and characterized Talpha1's anti-tumor
effects in vitro. Rar 9L cells (104) were implanted into the right frontal lobe of adult
Long Evans rats that were subsequently treated with vehicle, BCNU,
Talpha1, or Talpha1+BCNU from postoperative day 6. Talpha1+BCNU
significantly lowered tumor burdens, and increased cure rates. In
vitro experiments demonstrated that Talpha1 had no direct effect
on viability or mitochondrial function, and instead, it increased
expression of pro-apoptosis genes, including FasL, FasR and
TNFα-R1 (65.89%, 44.08%, and 22.18%, resp.),
and increased 9L cell sensitivity to oxidative stress. Moreover,
Talpha1 enhanced 9L cell sensitivity to both Granzyme B- and
BCNU-mediated killing. The findings suggest that Talpha1 enhances
BCNUmediated eradication of glioblastoma in vivo, and that Talpha1
mediates its effects by activating pro-apoptosis mechanisms,
rendering neoplastic cells more sensitive to oxidative stress and
immune-mediated killing by Granzyme B and chemotherapeutic agents.
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Zhang N, Sadun RE, Arias RS, Flanagan ML, Sachsman SM, Nien YC, Khawli LA, Hu P, Epstein AL. Targeted and untargeted CD137L fusion proteins for the immunotherapy of experimental solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2758-67. [PMID: 17460060 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD137L is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that provides a costimulatory signal to T cells. In this study, two novel CD137L fusion proteins were produced and compared with the CD137 agonist antibody 2A. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine CD137L was linked to the COOH terminus of either the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin (untargeted version) or TNT-3 (targeted version), an antibody that binds to necrotic regions of tumors. Groups of mice bearing established Colon 26 tumors were then treated daily x 5 with each fusion protein or 2A to determine their immunotherapeutic potential. RESULTS Both fusion proteins retained CD137L activity in vitro and TNT-3/CD137L showed tumor-binding activity by biodistribution analysis in tumor-bearing mice. The fusion proteins also produced similar responses in vivo at the 1 nmol per dose range and showed a 60% (TNT-3/CD137L) or 40% (Fc/CD137L) survival of treated mice at 150 days after tumor implantation, similar to the effects of 2A. Morphologic and immunohistochemical analyses showed massive central necrosis and infiltration of granzyme B-positive cells in necrotic areas and viable peripheral regions of treated tumors. Finally, cell depletion studies showed that CD137L-mediated tumor regression was CD8(+) T cell dependent. CONCLUSIONS From these studies, it was determined that both targeted and untargeted CD137L fusion proteins showed effective antitumor activity, but that the targeted version was more potent. Therefore, the use of the natural CD137 ligand is a promising approach to the treatment of solid tumors by virtue of its ability to produce physiologic costimulation within the tumor, limiting side effects often seen with agonist antibody therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Dong H, Xu X, Deng M, Yu X, Zhao H, Song H, Geng Y. Expression and bioactivity of recombinant segments of human perforin. Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 85:203-8. [PMID: 17534401 DOI: 10.1139/o07-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to prepare an active recombinant human perforin by comparing 5 candidate segments of human perforin. Full-length perforin, MAC1 (28-349 aa), MAC2 (166-369 aa), C-100, and N-60 of human perforin were selected as candidate active segments and designated, respectively, HP1, HP2, HP3, HP4, and HP5. The target genes were amplified by PCR and the products were individually subcloned into pGEM-T. The genes for HP1, HP2, HP3, and HP5 were subcloned into pET-DsbA, whereas pET-41a (+) was used as the expression vector of HP4. The fusion proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21pLysS(DE3) and purified using nickel nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) agarose affinity chromatography. The hemolysis microassay was used as an activity assay of fusion protein. From this study, we obtained the recombinant plasmids pGEM-T-HP1, -HP2, -HP3, -HP4 and -HP5, consisting of 1600, 960, 600, 300bp, and 180, respectively. From these recombinant plasmids, expression plasmids were successfully constructed and expressed in E. coli BL21pLysS(DE3). The resultant fusion proteins, affinity purified using Ni-NTA, were approximately 80, 58, 45, 44, and 30 kDa, respectively. The recombinant proteins were assayed for activity on hemolysis. HP2 and HP5 were the only recombinant proteins that were active in hemolysis, and the hemolytic function was concentration dependent. These results demonstrate that active recombinant forms of perforin can be synthesized in a prokaryote model. The recombinant N-60 and MAC1 (28-349 aa) of human perforin have the function of forming pores. Our study provides the experimental basis for further investigation on the application of perforin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 0754, Guangdong province, China.
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