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Tripti T, Singh P, Rani N, Kumar S, Kumar K, Kumar P. Carbon dots as potential candidate for photocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6738-6765. [PMID: 38157163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Water is the utmost important element for the existence of life. In recent decades, water resources have become highly contaminated by a variety of pollutants, especially toxic dyes that are harmful to both living beings and environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop more effective methods than traditional wastewater treatment approaches for treatment of hazardous dyes. Herein, we have addressed the various aspects related to the effective and economically feasible method for photocatalytic degradation of these dyes employing carbon dots. The photocatalysts based on carbon dots including those mediated from biomass have many superiorities over conventional methods such as utilization of economically affordable, non-toxic, rapid reactions, and simple post-processing steps. The current study will also facilitate better insight into the understanding of photocatalytic treatment of dye-polluted wastewater for future wastewater treatment studies. Additionally, the possible mechanistic pathways of photocatalytic dye decontamination, several challenges, and future perspectives have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Tripti
- J. C, Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Permender Singh
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Neeru Rani
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- J. C, Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Parmod Kumar
- J. C, Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
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Tripathi RM, Ahn D, Kim YM, Chung SJ. Enzyme Mimetic Activity of ZnO-Pd Nanosheets Synthesized via a Green Route. Molecules 2020; 25:E2585. [PMID: 32498444 PMCID: PMC7321175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in the area of nanotechnology have focused on the development of nanomaterials with catalytic activities. The enzyme mimics, nanozymes, work efficiently in extreme pH and temperature conditions, and exhibit resistance to protease digestion, in contrast to enzymes. We developed an environment-friendly, cost-effective, and facile biological method for the synthesis of ZnO-Pd nanosheets. This is the first biosynthesis of ZnO-Pd nanosheets. The synthesized nanosheets were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray. The d-spacing (inter-atomic spacing) of the palladium nanoparticles in the ZnO sheets was found to be 0.22 nm, which corresponds to the (111) plane. The XRD pattern revealed that the 2θ values of 21.8°, 33.3°, 47.7°, and 56.2° corresponded with the crystal planes of (100), (002), (112), and (201), respectively. The nanosheets were validated to possess peroxidase mimetic activity, which oxidized the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate in the presence of H2O2. After 20 min of incubation time, the colorless TMB substrate oxidized into a dark-blue-colored one and a strong peak was observed at 650 nm. The initial velocities of Pd-ZnO-catalyzed TMB oxidation by H2O2 were analyzed by Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots, resulting in 64 × 10-6 M, 8.72 × 10-9 Msec-1, and 8.72 × 10-4 sec-1 of KM, Vmax, and kcat, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mani Tripathi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16419, Korea; (R.M.T.); (D.A.); (Y.M.K.)
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Dohee Ahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16419, Korea; (R.M.T.); (D.A.); (Y.M.K.)
| | - Yeong Mok Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16419, Korea; (R.M.T.); (D.A.); (Y.M.K.)
| | - Sang J. Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16419, Korea; (R.M.T.); (D.A.); (Y.M.K.)
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Tripathi RM, Hameed P, Rao RP, Shrivastava N, Mittal J, Mohapatra S. Biosynthesis of Highly Stable Fluorescent Selenium Nanoparticles and the Evaluation of Their Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tripathi RM, Chung SJ. Reclamation of hexavalent chromium using catalytic activity of highly recyclable biogenic Pd(0) nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:640. [PMID: 31959919 PMCID: PMC6970990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is extremely toxic and increasingly prevalent owing to industrialisation, thereby posing serious human health and environmental risks. Therefore, new approaches for detoxifying high concentrations of Cr (VI) using an ultralow amount of catalyst with high recyclability are increasingly being considered. The catalytic conversion of Cr (VI) into Cr (III) was previously reported; however, it required a large amount of catalyst to reduce a low concentration of Cr (VI); further, pH adjustment and catalyst separation had to be performed, causing issues with large-scale remediation. In this study, an unprecedented eco-friendly and cost-effective method was developed for the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) with a significantly narrow size distribution of 3-25 nm. PdNPs demonstrated the presence of elemental Pd with the zero oxidation state when analysed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The PdNPs could detoxify a high concentration of Cr (VI), without the need to adjust the pH or purify the nanoparticles for reusability. The reusability of the PdNPs for the catalytic conversion of Cr (VI) into Cr (III) was >90% for subsequent cycles without the further addition of formic acid. Thus, the study provides new insights into the catalytic reclamation of Cr (VI) for industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Tripathi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201303, India
| | - Sang J Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Tripathi RM, Yoon SY, Ahn D, Chung SJ. Facile Synthesis of Triangular and Hexagonal Anionic Gold Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1774. [PMID: 31842495 PMCID: PMC6956233 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Comprehension of the shape-dependent properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could benefit the advancements in cellular uptake efficiency. Spherical AuNPs have generally been used for drug delivery, and recent research has indicated that the cellular uptake of triangular AuNPs was higher than that of spherical ones. Previous reports have also revealed that chemically synthesized AuNPs were cytotoxic. Therefore, we have developed a facile, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing triangular and hexagonal anionic AuNPs. The zeta potential of the synthesized AuNPs was negative, which indicated that their surface could be easily functionalized with positively charged molecules to upload drugs or biomolecules. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images illustrated that the largest particle size of the synthesized quasi-hexagonal AuNPs was 61 nm. The TEM images also illustrated that two types of equilateral-triangular AuNPs were synthesized: One featured sharp and the other rounded corners. The sides of the smallest and largest triangular AuNPs were 23 and 178 nm, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra of the green-synthesized AuNPs indicated that they consisted entirely of elemental Au. The cytotoxicity of the green-synthesized AuNPs was evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Using cell viability data, we determined that the green-synthesized AuNPs did not exhibit any cytotoxic effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Tripathi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16419, Korea; (R.M.T.); (S.-Y.Y.); (D.A.)
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Sun-Young Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16419, Korea; (R.M.T.); (S.-Y.Y.); (D.A.)
| | - Dohee Ahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16419, Korea; (R.M.T.); (S.-Y.Y.); (D.A.)
| | - Sang J. Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16419, Korea; (R.M.T.); (S.-Y.Y.); (D.A.)
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Tripathi RM, Shrivastav BR, Shrivastav A. Antibacterial and catalytic activity of biogenic gold nanoparticles synthesised by Trichoderma harzianum. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 12:509-513. [PMID: 29768239 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals the antibacterial and catalytic activity of biogenic gold nanoparicles (AuNPs) synthesised by biomass of Trichoderma harzianum. The antibacterial activity of AuNPs was analysed by the means of growth curve, well diffusion and colony forming unit (CFU) count methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration of AuNPs was 20 µg/ml. AuNPs at 60 µg/ml show effective antibacterial activity as optical absorption was insignificant. The well diffusion and CFU methods were also applied to analyse the effect of various concentration of AuNPs. Further, the catalytic activity of AuNPs was analysed against methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant in water. MB was degraded 39% in 30 min in the presence of AuNPs and sodium borohydrate and the rate constant (k) was found to be 0.2 × 10-3 s-1. This shows that the biogenic AuNP is an effective candidate for antibacterial and catalytic degradation of toxic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mani Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Braj Raj Shrivastav
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, Gwalior 474009, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Shrivastav
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Gwalior 474009, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Bhat RS, Almusallam J, Al Daihan S, Al‐Dbass A. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves: characterisation and impact on Staphylococcus aureus growth and glutathione‐S‐transferase activity. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:498-502. [PMCID: PMC8676152 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are toxic to various microbes, but the mechanism of action is not fully understood. The present report explores Azadirachta indica leaf extract as a reducing agent for the rapid biosynthesis of AgNPs. The effects of AgNPs on the growth, glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activity, and total protein concentration in Staphylococcus aureus were investigated, as was its antibacterial activity against seven other bacterial strains. Nanoparticle synthesis was confirmed by the UV‐Vis spectrum and colour change of the solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterise the synthesised nanoparticles. The UV‐Visible spectrograph showed an absorbance peak at 420 nm. DLS analysis showed an average AgNP size of 159 nm and a Polydispersity Index of 0.373. SEM analysis showed spherical particle shapes, while TEM established an average AgNP size of 7.5 nm. The element analysis profile showed small peaks for calcium, potassium, zinc, chlorine, with the presence of oxygen and silver. AgNPs markedly affected the growth curves and GST activity in treated bacteria, and produced moderate antibacterial activity. Thus AgNPs synthesised from A. indica leaves can interrupt the growth curve and total protein concentration in bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Department of BiochemistryScience College, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Jameelah Almusallam
- Department of BiochemistryScience College, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Sooad Al Daihan
- Department of BiochemistryScience College, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al‐Dbass
- Department of BiochemistryScience College, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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Biogenic nanomaterials: Synthesis, characterization, growth mechanism, and biomedical applications. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 157:65-80. [PMID: 30552971 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of nanomaterials is a huge and intensifying field of research due to their application in various areas, in particular the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, we focused on the biosynthesis of both metallic and semiconductor nanomaterials and their application in biomedicine and pharmaceutics. In order to meet an exponentially increasing need for nanostructured materials, the biological route for the synthesis of nanomaterials will have to be explored, offering advantages over chemical and physical methods as a simpler, more cost effective, and environmentally friendly method, and for which there is no need to use high pressure and temperatures or toxic chemicals. This review discusses in detail the potential role of bioreducing and capping/stabilizing agents in biosynthesis. This review also investigates the application of various biosynthetic nanomaterials as antimicrobial materials, in clinical detection, for drug delivery and wound-healing, and as anti-diabetic materials.
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