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Tyler D, Hendargo KJ, Medrano-Soto A, Saier MH. Discovery and Characterization of the Phospholemman/SIMP/Viroporin Superfamily. Microb Physiol 2022; 32:83-94. [PMID: 35152214 PMCID: PMC9355910 DOI: 10.1159/000521947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using bioinformatic approaches, we present evidence of distant relatedness among the Ephemerovirus Viroporin family, the Rhabdoviridae Putative Viroporin U5 family, the Phospholemman family, and the Small Integral Membrane Protein family. Our approach is based on the transitivity property of homology complemented with five validation criteria: (1) significant sequence similarity and alignment coverage, (2) compatibility of topology of transmembrane segments, (3) overlap of hydropathy profiles, (4) conservation of protein domains, and (5) conservation of sequence motifs. Our results indicate that Pfam protein domains PF02038 and PF15831 can be found in or projected onto members of all four families. In addition, we identified a 26-residue motif conserved across the superfamily. This motif is characterized by hydrophobic residues that help anchor the protein to the membrane and charged residues that constitute phosphorylation sites. In addition, all members of the four families with annotated function are either responsible for or affect the transport of ions into and/or out of the cell. Taken together, these results justify the creation of the novel Phospholemman/SIMP/Viroporin superfamily. Given that transport proteins can be found not just in cells, but also in viruses, the ability to relate viroporin protein families with their eukaryotic and bacterial counterparts is an important development in this superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arturo Medrano-Soto
- Corresponding Authors: Milton H. Saier, Jr. & Arturo
Medrano-Soto, Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences.,
University of California, San Diego., 9500 Gilman Drive #0116, La Jolla,
California. 92093-0116, Tel: 858-534-4084, &
| | - Milton H. Saier
- Corresponding Authors: Milton H. Saier, Jr. & Arturo
Medrano-Soto, Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences.,
University of California, San Diego., 9500 Gilman Drive #0116, La Jolla,
California. 92093-0116, Tel: 858-534-4084, &
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Zhou K, Jiang T, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Huang L, Li G. FXYD2 mRNA expression represents a new independent factor that affects survival of glioma patients and predicts chemosensitivity of patients to temozolomide. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:438. [PMID: 34753441 PMCID: PMC8576926 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Owing to the poor prognosis associated with high-grade gliomas, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers related to prognosis and treatment sensitivity. Here, we analyze the expression of FXYD2 mRNA in gliomas, and explore its clinical prognostic value and significance in this disease. METHODS Clinical features, FXYD2 mRNA expression levels, and survival data were analyzed for 516 glioma patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Map Project, 481 from the cancer genome map datbase and 268 from the molecular braintumor database. The expression patterns for FXYD2 mRNA were compared using the chi-square test, and overall survival (OS) of glioma patients was evaluated according to FXYD2 mRNA expression levels. The factors affecting glioma survival were evaluated by Cox univariate and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS FXYD2 mRNA expression was related to the grade of gliomas. The higher the level, the lower the expression. Meanwhile related to the pathological classification of gliomas. Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted was higher than Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, higher than Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. Moreover, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy was found to be an independent factor affecting survival in patients with high FXYD2 mRNA expression, but not in patients with low expression. CONCLUSION FXYD2 mRNA expression represents a new independent factor affecting the survival of glioma patients and may serve as an independent prognostic indicator to predict the sensitivity of gliomas to TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijia Zhou
- Neuro-Oncology Surgery Department of Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
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Jin M, Zhang H, Yang J, Zheng Z, Liu K. Expression mode and prognostic value of FXYD family members in colon cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18404-18422. [PMID: 34270462 PMCID: PMC8351680 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The FXYD gene family comprises seven members that encode a class of small-membrane proteins characterized by an FXYD motif and interact with Na+/K+-ATPase. Until now, the expression patterns and prognostic roles of the FXYD family in colon cancer (CC) have not been systematically reported. Gene expression, methylation, clinicopathological features and the prognoses of CC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression feature and prognostic values of FXYD members were identified. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the potential mechanism underlying the function of the FXYD family in CC. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and CIBERSORT analysis were used to assess the correlations between FXYD family members and tumor immune infiltrating cells (TIICs). FXYD family members were differentially expressed in CC except for FXYD2. FXYD2, FXYD3 and FXYD4 were revealed as independent prognostic factors for recurrence, while FXYD3 and FXYD7 were identified as prognostic factors for survival according to univariate and multivariate analyses with Cox regression. GSEA revealed that FXYD family members were involved in complicated biological functions underlying cancer progression. TIMER and CIBERSORT analyses showed significant associations between FXYD family genes and TIICs. The present study comprehensively revealed the expression mode and prognostic value of FXYD members in CC, providing insights for further study of the FXYD family as potential clinical biomarkers in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhen Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaitai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Hu P, Li S, Zhong Y, Mu X, Gui L, Zhang J. Identification of fxyd genes from the spotted scat (Scatophagus argus): molecular cloning, tissue-specific expression, and response to acute hyposaline stress. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 174:15-22. [PMID: 24878493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
By interacting with Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA), the FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator (FXYD) is involved in teleost osmoregulation, but knowledge of FXYD in marine fish is limited. In the present study, fxyd11 and fxyd12 were identified from the spotted scat (Scatophagus argus), and the two members of the FXYD protein family were expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Fxyd11 mRNA was predominantly expressed in gills, whereas fxyd12 mRNA was mainly distributed in kidneys and intestines. Acute hyposaline stress altered the activity of NKA and the expression of fxyd11 and fxyd12 in gills, kidneys, and intestines. Branchial fxyd11 mRNA expression remained at a low level during freshwater acclimation, whereas NKA activity increased, showing a negative correlation that differed from previous reports. Similarly, renal expression of fxyd11 and fxyd12 mRNA was negatively correlated with NKA activity. Unlike in gills and kidneys, intestinal NKA activity and mRNA expression of fxyd11 and fxyd12 were comparably suppressed. Taken together, the salinity-dependent expression of fxyd11 and fxyd12, and correlation with NKA activity suggested that both fxyd11 and fxyd12 were involved in the response to acute hyposaline challenge in the spotted scat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xingjiang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Hertz L, Xu J, Song D, Du T, Yan E, Peng L. Brain glycogenolysis, adrenoceptors, pyruvate carboxylase, Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Marie E. Gibbs' pioneering learning studies. Front Integr Neurosci 2013; 7:20. [PMID: 23565080 PMCID: PMC3615183 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of glycogenolysis, occurring in astrocytes but not in neurons, in learning is undisputed (Duran et al., 2013). According to one school of thought the role of astrocytes for learning is restricted to supply of substrate for neuronal oxidative metabolism. The present "perspective" suggests a more comprehensive and complex role, made possible by lack of glycogen degradation, unless specifically induced by either (1) activation of astrocytic receptors, perhaps especially β-adrenergic or (2) even small increases in extracellular K(+) concentration above its normal resting level. It discusses (1) the known importance of glycogenolysis for glutamate formation, requiring pyruvate carboxylation; (2) the established role of K(+)-stimulated glycogenolysis for K(+) uptake in cultured astrocytes, which probably indicates that astrocytes are an integral part of cellular K(+) homeostasis in the brain in vivo; and (3) the plausible role of transmitter-induced glycogenolysis, stimulating Na(+),K(+)-ATPase/NKCC1 activity and thereby contributing both to the post-excitatory undershoot in extracellular K(+) concentration and the memory-enhancing effect of transmitter-mediated reduction of slow neuronal afterhyperpolarization (sAHP).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liang Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, People's Republic of China
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Identification of a crab gill FXYD2 protein and regulation of crab microsomal Na,K-ATPase activity by mammalian FXYD2 peptide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2588-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Expression of dysadherin in the human male reproductive tract and in spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:554-561.e2. [PMID: 21774927 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study expression of dysadherin in human testis, epididymis, and spermatozoa. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Basic research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Testis, epididymis, and testicular spermatozoa from patients under treatment and semen from volunteer donors. INTERVENTION(S) Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and Western immunoblotting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Dysadherin messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis in testis, epididymis, and ejaculated spermatozoa, immunohistochemistry of both tissues, Western immunoblotting of tissue/cell extracts, and immunocytochemistry of spermatozoa. RESULT(S) Dysadherin mRNA was found in testis, epididymis, and ejaculated spermatozoa. Whereas testis and spermatozoa exhibited a distinctive 91-kDa protein form, the epididymis showed a 50-kDa moiety, also found in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed >99% homology between testicular and somatic cell mRNA, suggesting differential protein glycosylation. Dysadherin was immunodetected in round spermatids and testicular/ejaculated spermatozoa. It localizes to the acrosomal region and flagellum and colocalized with E-cadherin in the head and with the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α4 subunit in the flagellum. CONCLUSION(S) This is the first report on expression of dysadherin in the male gonad and in spermatozoa. Its colocalization with E-cadherin and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase leads us to postulate a role for dysadherin as a modulator of sperm function.
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Karpova L, Eva A, Kirch U, Boldyrev A, Scheiner-Bobis G. Sodium pump α1 and α3 subunit isoforms mediate distinct responses to ouabain and are both essential for survival of human neuroblastoma. FEBS J 2010; 277:1853-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are a diverse family of naturally derived compounds that bind to and inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase. Members of this family have been in clinical use for many years for the treatment of heart failure and atrial arrhythmia, and the mechanism of their positive inotropic effect is well characterized. Exciting recent findings have suggested additional signalling modes of action of Na+/K+-ATPase, implicating cardiac glycosides in the regulation of several important cellular processes and highlighting potential new therapeutic roles for these compounds in various diseases. Perhaps most notably, the increased susceptibility of cancer cells to these compounds supports their potential use as cancer therapies, and the first generation of glycoside-based anticancer drugs are currently in clinical trials.
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Liu JG, Zhou NX, Xia HT, Li CG, Li YZ, Li CH. Expression of FXYD6 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its clinical significance. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:540-543. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i5.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of FXYD6 in pancreatic carcinoma and its clinical significance.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of FXYD6. The relation between the expression of FXYD6 and the clinical pathological factors was analyzed.
RESULTS: FXYD6 was expressed in 42 of 47 pancreatic carcinoma tissue samples. The positive expression rate of FXYD6 in 47 pancreatic cancer tissue samples was 89.34% (42/47). Compared to the expression of FXYD6 in normal pancreatic tissue samples, the expression of FXYD6 in pancreatic carcinoma tissue samples had a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 10.8631, P = 0.0125). According to the FXYD6 expression level, 47 patients were divided into high expression group and low expression group. There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, tumor size and distant metastasis between the two groups, while there were statistical significances in tumor-differentiation degree(χ2 = 11.562, P = 0.0031), lymphatic metastasis (χ2 = 4.1947, P = 0.0406), TNM staging (χ2 = 9.5995, P = 0.0223). The expression level of FXYD6 protein was related to tumor size (r = 0.2991), differentiation degree (r = 0.6980), lymphatic metastasis (r = 0.4971) and distant metastasis (r = 0.4967).
CONCLUSION: FXYD6 protein plays an important role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Srivastava S, Cala SE, Coetzee WA, Artman M. Phospholemman expression is high in the newborn rabbit heart and declines with postnatal maturation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 355:338-41. [PMID: 17303081 PMCID: PMC1847634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phospholemman (PLM) is a small sarcolemmal protein that modulates the activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), thus contributing to the maintenance of intracellular Na(+) and Ca(2+) homeostasis. We characterized the expression and subcellular localization of PLM, NCX, and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1-subunit during perinatal development. Western blotting demonstrates that PLM (15kDa), NCX (120kDa), and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha-1 (approximately 100kDa) proteins are all more than 2-fold higher in ventricular membrane fractions from newborn rabbit hearts (1-4-day old) compared to adult hearts. Our immunocytochemistry data demonstrate that PLM, NCX, and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase are all expressed at the sarcolemma of newborn ventricular myocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that PLM, NCX, and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha-1 proteins have similar developmental expression patterns in rabbit ventricular myocardium. Thus, PLM may have an important regulatory role in maintaining cardiac Na(+) and Ca(2+) homeostasis during perinatal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- The Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Steven E. Cala
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - William A. Coetzee
- Pediatric Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Michael Artman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Corresponding Author: Michael Artman, Children’s Hospital of Iowa, 2636 JCP, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, Phone 319-356-0469; Fax 319-384-6440, Email
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Chiampanichayakul S, Khunkaewla P, Pata S, Kasinrerk W. Na, K ATPase ?3 subunit (CD298): association with ? subunit and expression on peripheral blood cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:509-17. [PMID: 17176442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Beta3 subunit is described as one of the Na, K ATPase subunits. Recently, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb), termed P-3E10. This mAb was shown to react with the Na, K ATPase beta3 subunit or CD298. By immunofluorescence analysis using mAb P-3E10, it was found that all peripheral blood leukocytes express Na, K ATPase beta3. The presence of beta3 subunit on leukocytes is not in a quantitative polymorphic manner. Upon phytohemagglutinin or phorbol myristate acetate activation, the expression level of the Na, K ATPase beta3 subunit on activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was not altered in comparison with those of unstimulated cells. Red blood cells (RBCs) of healthy donors showed negative reactivity with mAb P-3E10. However, more than 80% of thalassemic RBCs showed positive reactivity. By immunoprecipitation, moreover, a protein band of 55-65 kDa was precipitated from normal RBC membrane using mAb P-3E10. These results evidenced that the beta3 subunit of Na, K ATPase is expressed on RBC membrane but the epitope recognized by mAb P-3E10 is hidden in normal RBCs. Furthermore, we showed the association of beta3 subunit and alpha subunit of Na, K ATPase. This information is important for further understanding of the functional roles of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chiampanichayakul
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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