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Mohamed Mekawy D, Eissa M, Adly Sadik N, Mohamed Abd-Elrahman R, Fawzy A, Fathy Amer M. Vitamin D and miRNA-155 in Behçet's Disease: Possible Association with the Disease and Disease Activity. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 12:251-258. [PMID: 38317821 PMCID: PMC10838589 DOI: 10.61186/rbmb.12.2.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D (vit D) controls inflammation and immunity. In Behçet's disease (BD), microRNA-155 is recognized as a significant immune response regulator. We aimed to investigate the role of vit D on immunomodulation and downregulation of inflammatory pathways associated with BD and detect the role of miRNA-155 in BD. Methods miRNA-155 expression by Real Time -Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and vit D, nuclear factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and Tumor necrosis fact of TNF-α) expression by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were assessed. Results BD patients had a significantly higher relative expression of microRNA-155 (P< 0.001), it was significantly related to vascular manifestations (P< 0.001). Vit D relative expression was significantly low in BD (P< 0.001). There was a significant rise in miRNA-155 in the active group compared to the inactive group (P< 0.001). A significant decrease in vit D levels (IU) was found in inactive and active individuals suffering from BD when compared to controls (P< 0.001). A significant rise was found in vit D levels in inactive BD cases (P< 0.001). A significant positive correlations were found between miRNA-155, NF-κB, TNF-α, and negative correlations with vit D relative expression in BD patients. Conclusions miRNA-155 relative expression is higher in BD is significantly related to vascular manifestations. It may have a relationship to disease activity. Vitamin D relative expression is significantly low in BD patients, which can significantly influence immunomodulatory BD therapy. Vitamin D deficiency linked to active BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mohamed Mekawy
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University, Egypt.
| | - Mervat Eissa
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Noha Adly Sadik
- Internal medicine Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed Fawzy
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Fathy Amer
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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2
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Nuan-Aliman S, Bordereaux D, Thieblemont C, Baud V. The Alternative RelB NF-kB Subunit Exerts a Critical Survival Function upon Metabolic Stress in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma-Derived Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020348. [PMID: 35203557 PMCID: PMC8961793 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults and reveals distinct genetic and metabolic signatures. NF-κB transcription factor family is involved in diverse biological processes enabling tumor development and resistance to anticancer-therapy through activation of its two main pathways, the canonical and the alternative NF-κB pathways, the main actor of the latter being the RelB NF-kB subunit. RelB DNA binding activity is frequently activated in DLBCL patients and cell lines. RelB activation defines a new DLBCL subgroup with dismal outcome upon immunochemotherapy, and RelB confers DLBCL cell resistance to DNA damage. However, whether RelB can impact on DLBCL cell metabolism and survival upon metabolic stress is unknown. Here, we reveal that RelB controls DLBCL oxidative energetic metabolism. Accordingly, RelB inhibition reduce DLBCL mitochondrial ATP production, and sensitizes DLBCL cells to apoptosis induced by Metformin and L-asparaginase (®Kidrolase), two FDA approved antimetabolic drugs targeting mitochondrial metabolism. RelB also confers DLBCL cell resistance to glutamine deprivation, an essential amino acid that feeds the TCA cycle. Taken together, our findings uncover a new role for RelB in the regulation of DLBCL cell metabolism and DLBCL cell survival upon metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Nuan-Aliman
- NF-kappaB, Différenciation et Cancer, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (S.N.-A.); (D.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Didier Bordereaux
- NF-kappaB, Différenciation et Cancer, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (S.N.-A.); (D.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- NF-kappaB, Différenciation et Cancer, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (S.N.-A.); (D.B.); (C.T.)
- Hémato-Oncologie, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Baud
- NF-kappaB, Différenciation et Cancer, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (S.N.-A.); (D.B.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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The alternative RelB NF-κB subunit is a novel critical player in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2021; 139:384-398. [PMID: 34232979 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent lymphoid malignancy affecting adults. NF-kB transcription factor family is activated by two main pathways, the canonical and the alternative NF-kB activation pathways with different functions. The alternative NF-kB pathway leads to the activation of the transcriptionally active RelB NF-kB subunit. Alternative NF-kB activation status and its role in DLBCL pathogenesis remain undefined. Here, we reveal a frequent activation of RelB in a large cohort of DLBCL patients and cell lines, independently of their ABC or GCB subtypes. RelB activity defines a new subset of DLBCL patients with a peculiar gene expression profile and mutational pattern. Importantly, RelB activation does not correlate with the MCD genetic subtype, enriched for ABC tumors carrying MYD88L265P and CD79B mutations that cooperatively activate canonical NF-kB, thus indicating that current genetic tools to evaluate NF-kB activity in DLBCL do not provide information on the alternative NF-kB activation. Further, the newly defined RelB-positive subgroup of DLBCL patients exhibits a dismal outcome following immunochemotherapy. Functional studies revealed that RelB confers DLBCL cell resistance to DNA-damage induced apoptosis in response to doxorubicin, a genotoxic agent used in front-line treatment for DLBCL. We also show that RelB positivity is associated with high expression of cIAP2. Altogether, RelB activation can be used to refine the prognostic stratification of DLBCL and may contribute to subvert the therapeutic DNA damage response in a segment of DLBCL patients.
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Wang Z, Ao X, Shen Z, Ao L, Wu X, Pu C, Guo W, Xing W, He M, Yuan H, Yu J, Li L, Xu X. TNF-α augments CXCL10/CXCR3 axis activity to induce Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in colon cancer cell. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2683-2702. [PMID: 34345201 PMCID: PMC8326125 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation-induced metastases have long been regarded as one of the significant obstacles in treating cancer. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a main inflammation mediator within tumor microenvironment, affects tumor development by inducing multiple chemokines to establish a complex network. Recent reports have revealed that CXCL10/CXCR3 axis affects cancer cells invasiveness and metastases, and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the main reason for frequent proliferation and distant organ metastases of colon cancer (CC) cells, However, it is unclear whether TNF-α- mediated chronic inflammation can synergically enhance EMT-mediated CC metastasis through promoting chemokine expression. According to this study, TNF-α activated the PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK parallel signal transduction pathways, then stimulate downstream NF-κB pathway p65 into the nucleus to activate CXCL10 transcription. CXCL10 enhanced the metastases of CC-cells by triggering small GTPases such as RhoA and cdc42. Furthermore, overexpression of CXCL10 significantly enhanced tumorigenicity and mobility of CC cells in vivo. We further clarified that CXCL10 activated the PI3K/Akt pathway through CXCR3, resulting in suppression of GSK-3β phosphorylation and leading to upregulation of Snail expression, thereby regulating EMT in CC cells. These outcomes lay the foundation for finding new targets to inhibit CC metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcheng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhilin Shen
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Luoquan Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Chengxiu Pu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hongfeng Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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Olfactory Bulb Proteomics Reveals Widespread Proteostatic Disturbances in Mixed Dementia and Guides for Potential Serum Biomarkers to Discriminate Alzheimer Disease and Mixed Dementia Phenotypes. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060503. [PMID: 34204996 PMCID: PMC8227984 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common form of mixed dementia (MixD) is constituted by abnormal protein deposits associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) that coexist with vascular disease. Although olfactory dysfunction is considered a clinical sign of AD-related dementias, little is known about the impact of this sensorial impairment in MixD at the molecular level. To address this gap in knowledge, we assessed olfactory bulb (OB) proteome-wide expression in MixD subjects (n = 6) respect to neurologically intact controls (n = 7). Around 9% of the quantified proteins were differentially expressed, pinpointing aberrant proteostasis involved in synaptic transmission, nucleoside monophosphate and carbohydrate metabolism, and neuron projection regeneration. In addition, network-driven proteomics revealed a modulation in cell-survival related pathways such as ERK, AKT, and the PDK1-PKC axis. Part of the differential OB protein set was not specific of MixD, also being deregulated across different tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and tardopathies. However, the comparative functional analysis of OB proteome data between MixD and pure AD pathologies deciphered commonalities and differences between both related phenotypes. Finally, olfactory proteomics allowed to propose serum Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) as a candidate marker to differentiate AD from MixD phenotypes.
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He H, Shao X, Li Y, Gihu R, Xie H, Zhou J, Yan H. Targeting Signaling Pathway Networks in Several Malignant Tumors: Progresses and Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675675. [PMID: 34135756 PMCID: PMC8203325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain the health problem of highest concern among people worldwide due to its high mortality and recurrence. Lung, gastric, liver, colon, and breast cancers are among the top five malignant tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality. In cancer biology, aberrant signaling pathway regulation is a prevalent theme that drives the generation, metastasis, invasion, and other processes of all malignant tumors. The Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch and NF-kB pathways are widely concerned and signal crosstalks exist in the five solid tumors. This review provides an innovative summary of the recent progress in research on these signaling pathways, the underlying mechanism of the molecules involved in these pathways, and the important role of some miRNAs in tumor-related signaling pathways. It also presents a brief review of the antitumor molecular drugs that target these signaling pathways. This review may provide a theoretical basis for the study of the molecular biological mechanism of malignant tumors and vital information for the development of new treatment strategies with a focus on efficacy and the reduction of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan He
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoni Shao
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ribu Gihu
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haochen Xie
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfu Zhou
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengxiu Yan
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Liao X, Li Y. Nuclear Factor Kappa B in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104918. [PMID: 32461184 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is composed of a series of transcription factors, which are involved in the expression of a plethora of target genes, many of these genes contributing to the regulation of inflammatory responses. Consistent with its central role in inflammatory responses, existing studies of the neurobiological basis for ASD propose the involvement of NF-κB in the etiology of this disorder. OBJECTIVES The present review aimed to systematically characterize extant literatures regarding the role of NF-κB in the etiology of ASD through data derived from both human studies and animal models. METHODS A systematic electronic search was conducted for records indexed within Pubmed, EMBASE, or Web of Science to identify potentially eligible studies. Study inclusion and data extraction was agreed by two independent authors after reviewing the abstract and full text. RESULTS Among the 371 articles identified in the initial screening, 18 articles met the eligibility criteria for this review, including 14 human case-control studies compared the expression or activation of NF-κB between ASD cases and controls as well as 4 animal studies used mouse model of ASD to examine the level of NF-κB and further evaluate its changes after different drug treatments. These included 18 studies, although relatively small in quantity, appear to support the role of NF-κB in the etiology of ASD. CONCLUSIONS Evidence generated from both human studies and animal models supported the involvement of NF-κB in the neurobiological basis of ASD, despite some concern about whether it functions as a primary contributor causes ASD onset or rather an ancillary factor regulates ASD pathogenesis. The increased understanding of NF-κB in the neurobiological basis of ASD could aid the emergence of clinically relevant diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies acting on the underlying disease pathogenesis. These results suggested that potential methodological differences between studies need to be accounted for and keep open the discussion over the existence of aberrantly NF-κB signaling in ASD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liao
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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8
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Li X, Shang D, Shen H, Song J, Hao G, Tian Y. ZSCAN16 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer via regulating NF-kB, AKT, mTOR, P38 and other genes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110066. [PMID: 32172065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most common genitourinary malignancies worldwide, bladder cancer affects about 3.4 million people globally, with 430,000 new cases a year since 2015. Despite the advances in bladder cancer diagnosis and therapy, there has been little progress in the patients' overall survival in nearly 30 years. Therefore, investigating novel molecular therapeutic targets is required to gain insight into the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer, which ultimately may be used to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. METHODS Herein, we used gene knockdown in vitro and in vivo to unveil the unknown roles of ZSCAN16 in bladder cancer. Afterward, to decipher the unknown regulatory role of ZSCAN16 in tumor progression, we verified that a bunch of genes including NF-κB, AKT, mTOR, and P38 were the key downstream regulators of ZSCAN16 by western blot and rescue experiments. RESULTS We found high expression of ZSCAN16 transcripts in bladder cancer cells and tumor samples from the TCGA database and tissue microarray bank, demonstrated in correlation with poor prognosis for bladder cancer patients. The in vitro experiments indicated that the silencing of ZSCAN16 by shRNA lentivirus promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, colony formation, as well as migration and invasion in T24 cells. By investigating the signaling pathways, we proved ZSCAN16 play a novel role as oncogenic gene in bladder cancer by regulating NF-κB, AKT, mTOR, P38 and other genes. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments identified that ZSCAN16 knockdown retarded the tumor growth in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these findings revealed that ZSCAN16 is a potential novel oncogene in the development and progression of bladder cancer. This study will shed light on developing novel therapeutic targets in the future treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhao Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Donghao Shang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Hongliang Shen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Gangyue Hao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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Scassellati C, Ciani M, Galoforo AC, Zanardini R, Bonvicini C, Geroldi C. Molecular mechanisms in cognitive frailty: potential therapeutic targets for oxygen-ozone treatment. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 186:111210. [PMID: 31982474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, cognitive frailty has gained great attention from the scientific community. It is characterized by high inflammation and oxidant state, endocrine and metabolic alterations, mitochondria dysfunctions and slowdown in regenerative processes and immune system, with a complex and multifactorial aetiology. Although several treatments are available, challenges regarding the efficacy and the costs persist. Here, we proposed an alternative non-pharmacological, non-side-effect, low cost therapy based on anti-inflammation, antioxidant, regenerative and anti-pathogens properties of ozone, through the activation of several molecular mechanisms (Nrf2-ARE, NF-κB, NFAT, AP-1, HIFα). We highlighted how these specific processes could be implicated in cognitive frailty to identify putative therapeutic targets for its treatment. The oxigen-ozone (O2-O3) therapy has never been tested for cognitive frailty. This work provides thus wide scientific background to build a consistent rationale for testing for the first time this therapy, that could modulate the immune, inflammatory, oxidant, metabolic, endocrine, microbiota and regenerative processes impaired in cognitive frailty. Although insights are needed, the O2-O3 therapy could represent a faster, easier, inexpensive monodomain intervention working in absence of side effects for cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Miriam Ciani
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Carlo Galoforo
- Oxygen-Ozone Therapy Scientific Society (SIOOT), Gorle, Italy; University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zanardini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Geroldi
- Alzheimer Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Albensi BC. What Is Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Doing in and to the Mitochondrion? Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:154. [PMID: 31448275 PMCID: PMC6692429 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature supports the idea that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling contributes to not only immunity, but also inflammation, cancer, and nervous system function. However, studies on NF-κB activity in mitochondrial function are much more limited and scattered throughout the literature. For example, in 2001 it was first published that NF-κB subunits were found in the mitochondria, including not only IkBα and NF-κB p65 subunits, but also NF-κB pathway proteins such as IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ, but not much follow-up work has been done to date. Upon further thought the lack of studies on NF-κB activity in mitochondrial function is surprising given the importance and the evolutionary history of both NF-κB and the mitochondrion. Both are ancient in their appearance in our biological record where both contribute substantially to cell survival, cell death, and the regulation of function and/or disease. Studies also show NF-κB can influence mitochondrial function from outside the mitochondria. Therefore, it is essential to understand the complexity of these roles both inside and out of this organelle. In this review, an attempt is made to understand how NF-κB activity contributes to overall mitochondrial function – both inside and out. The discussion at times is speculative and perhaps even provocative to some, since NF-κB does not yet have defined mitochondrial targeting sequences for some nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes and mechanisms of mitochondrial import for NF-κB are not yet entirely understood. Also, the data associated with the mitochondrial localization of proteins must be yet further proved with additional experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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11
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Zeng F, Wang K, Huang R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Hu H. RELB: A novel prognostic marker for glioblastoma as identified by population-based analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:386-394. [PMID: 31289510 PMCID: PMC6540354 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of glioma, with a poor prognosis for patients. The survival time of patients varies greatly due to the complexity of the human genome, which harbors diverse oncogenic drivers. In order to identify the specific driving factors, 325 glioma samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were analyzed in the present study. The level of RELB proto-oncogene, NF-κβ subunit (RELB) expression increased with the pathological grade progression of the gliomas, and higher expression levels were present in the mesenchymal subtype and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild-type gliomas. This RELB expression pattern was identified in the CGGA database and observed in three large independent databases. In patients with GBM from the CGGA database, a higher RELB expression level was associated with a shorter survival time, a mesenchymal subtype and IDH1 wild-type gliomas. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, survival nomograms and Cox analysis demonstrated an independent prognostic value for RELB expression. Moreover, biological function analysis indicated the association of RELB with the ‘immune response’, ‘cell activation’ and the ‘apoptotic process’. In addition, RELB expression levels exhibited a negative correlation with the levels of microRNA (miR)-139-5p and miR-139-3p. The present study identified the pathological and biological roles of RELB in glioma and revealed its independent prognostic effect. These results suggested that RELB may be used as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zeng
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing 100070, P.R. China
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Anjos JS, Cardozo LF, Esgalhado M, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Fouque D, Mafra D. Could Low-Protein Diet Modulate Nrf2 Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease? J Ren Nutr 2018; 28:229-234. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Yang B, Zhao J, Li X, Zhang L, Zhai Z. Proteasome Inhibitor Carbobenzoxy-L-Leucyl-L-Leucyl-L-Leucinal (MG132) Enhances Therapeutic Effect of Paclitaxel on Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:294-304. [PMID: 29332931 PMCID: PMC5779800 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carbobenzoxy-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal (MG132), a peptide aldehyde proteasome inhibitor, can inhibit tumor progression by inactivating nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling. Paclitaxel (PTX) is part of a routine regimen for the treatment of breast cancer. However, activation of the NF-κB pathway after treatment with PTX confers insensitivity to this drug. This study investigated the potential effect of MG132 as a co-treatment with PTX against breast cancer, and clarifies the underlying molecular mechanisms. Material/Methods Breast cancer cells were treated with PTX, MG132, or PTX plus MG132, and the therapeutic effects were evaluated phenotypically. A mouse model of breast cancer was used to determine the combined effect of PTX plus MG132 in vivo. Results Treatment with PTX plus MG132 suppressed aggressive phenotypes of breast cancer cells more effectively than PTX alone. Consistently, MG132 also enhanced the suppressive effect of PTX on tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice. Significantly, activation of the NF-κB pathway by PTX was attenuated by MG132. Conclusions Based on our findings, we suggest the application of MG132 in clinical practice in combination with PTX for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Zhang
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Yang
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jinping Zhao
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoli Li
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Long Zhang
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenhua Zhai
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Cancer Centre, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Baud V, Collares D. Post-Translational Modifications of RelB NF-κB Subunit and Associated Functions. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020022. [PMID: 27153093 PMCID: PMC4931671 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of NF-κB transcription factors plays a key role in diverse biological processes, such as inflammatory and immune responses, cell survival and tumor development. Beyond the classical NF-κB activation pathway, a second NF-κB pathway has more recently been uncovered, the so-called alternative NF-κB activation pathway. It has been shown that this pathway mainly controls the activity of RelB, a member of the NF-κB family. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation, have recently emerged as a strategy for the fine-tuned regulation of NF-κB. Our review discusses recent progress in the understanding of RelB regulation by post-translational modifications and the associated functions in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Baud
- NF-κB, Differentiation and Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Davi Collares
- NF-κB, Differentiation and Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
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Qin H, Zhou J, Zhou P, Xu J, Tang Z, Ma H, Guo F. Prognostic significance of RelB overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Thorac Cancer 2016; 7:415-21. [PMID: 27385983 PMCID: PMC4930960 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a major public health issue in most countries, including China. The expression of RelB is associated with poor prognosis in diverse cancers. However, whether RelB expression could be an indicator of poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. METHODS The expression of RelB in NSCLC tumor tissue and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. Chi-square or two-tailed Fisher's exact tests were used to analyze possible associations between qualitative clinicopathological variables and RelB expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis and a Cox regression model were employed to determine independent prognostic factors. RESULTS The expression of RelB was increased in tumor tissue compared with adjacent non-neoplastic tissue in NSCLC patients. High RelB expression was significantly correlated with degree of differentiation (P = 0.023), depth of tumor invasion (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.017), distant metastases (P = 0.004), and tumor node metastasis stage (P < 0.001) in patients with NSCLC. NSCLC patients with high RelB expression had significantly shorter overall survival than those with low RelB expression (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that high RelB expression is an independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High RelB expression could provide a basis for judgment of prognosis in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China; Central Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Central Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Central Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Central Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Zaixiang Tang
- Department of Biostatistics Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Feng Guo
- Central Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
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Dong QM, Ling C, Chen X, Zhao LI. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α enhances apoptosis induced by nuclear factor-κB inhibition in leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3793-3798. [PMID: 26788210 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) results in antitumor activity in leukemia cells, and may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of leukemia. However, a significant limitation of NF-κB inhibition in the treatment of leukemia is the low efficiency of this technique. NF-κB inhibitor treatment induces apoptosis in leukemia cells; however, it additionally causes inflammatory molecules to induce increased sensitivity of healthy hematopoietic cells to cell death signals, therefore limiting its clinical applications. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a key regulator of inflammation, and induces a variety of actions in leukemic and healthy hematopoietic cells. TNF-α induces NF-κB-dependent and -independent survival signals, promoting the proliferation of leukemia cells. However, in healthy hematopoietic cells, TNF-α induces death signaling, an effect which is enhanced by the inhibition of NF-κB. Based on these observations, the present study hypothesized that inhibition of TNF-α signaling may be able to protect healthy hematopoietic cells and other tissue cells, while increasing the anti-leukemia effects of NF-κB inhibition on leukemia cells. The role and underlying molecular mechanisms of TNF-α inhibition in the regulation of NF-κB inhibition-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells was therefore investigated in the present study. The results indicated that inhibition of TNF-α enhanced NF-κB inhibition-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. It was also revealed that protein kinase B was significant in the regulation of TNF-α and NF-κB inhibition-induced apoptosis. During this process, intrinsic apoptotic pathways were activated. A combination of NF-κB and TNF-α inhibition may be a potential specific and effective novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Mei Dong
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chun Ling
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - L I Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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17
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Dong QM, Ling C, Zhu JF, Chen X, Tang Y, Zhao LI. Correlation between p65 and TNF-α in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3305-3309. [PMID: 26722330 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between the expression levels of p65 and TNF-α in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and AML cell lines were investigated. The bone marrow samples of 30 AML patients and 10 non-leukemia controls were studied. The mRNA expression levels of p65 and TNF-α were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Pearson's Correlation test was used to demonstrate the correlation between TNF-α and p65 expression levels in AML specimens. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to determine whether TNF-α and p65 expression levels could be used to differentiate AML samples from non-leukemia samples. MG132 and anti-TNF-α antibody were used to inhibit the expression of p65 and TNF-α in the AML cell line, HL-60. The expression of p65 and TNF-α were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The mRNA expression levels of p65 and TNF-α were significantly increased in AML patients compared with non-leukemia control bone marrow samples by RT-qPCR, and the two molecules expression pattern's exhibited sufficient predictive power to distinguish AML patients from non-leukemia control samples. Pearson's correlation analysis demonstrated that TNF-α expression was strongly correlated with p65 expression in AML bone marrow samples. In HL-60 cells, inhibition of TNF-α reduced the expression of p65; in addition, inhibition of p65 reduced the expression of TNF-α as assessed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. p65 and TNF-α were highly expressed in AML patients, and these 2 molecules were strongly correlated. The present study indicates that p65 and TNF-α have potential as molecular markers to distinguish AML patients from non-leukemia control samples, and that these 2 molecules may be useful prognostic factor for patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Mei Dong
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chun Ling
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Fang Zhu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - L I Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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18
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Abstract
The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that control cell survival, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, inflammatory responses, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Its activation is tightly regulated, and incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to a variety of pathological diseases, including cancer initiation and progression. NF-κB is often constitutively activated in cancer cells to promote cell survival, proliferation, migration, and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although the mechanism of constitutive NF-κB activation in cancer cells is not fully understood, it has been shown that mutation or aberrant expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) contributes to this, and the NF-κB activation, in turn, contributes to cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, and drug resistance in various cancers. Recent study from our lab indicates that CARMA3, similar to the function of CARMA1 in mediating antigen receptor-mediated NF-κB activation, plays an essential role in mediating EGFR-induced NF-κB activation. However, the mechanism on how EGFR induces NF-κB activation is not clearly understood. In this chapter, we describe the methods required to test and characterize the role of a potential signaling component in EGFR-induced NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Jiang
- Division of Basic Science Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 108, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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IKK phosphorylates RelB to modulate its promoter specificity and promote fibroblast migration downstream of TNF receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14794-9. [PMID: 25267645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410124111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFα is a potent cytokine that plays a critical role in numerous cellular processes, particularly immune and inflammatory responses, programmed cell death, angiogenesis, and cell migration. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate TNFα-induced cellular responses is a crucial issue. It is generally accepted that global DNA binding activity of the NF-κB avian reticuloendotheliosis viral (v-rel) oncogene related B (RelB) subunit is not induced upon TNFα treatment in fibroblasts, despite its TNFα-induced nuclear accumulation. Here, we demonstrate that RelB plays a critical role in promoting fibroblast migration upon prolonged TNFα treatment. We identified the two kinases IκB kinase α (IKKα) and IκB kinase β (IKKβ) as RelB interacting partners whose activation by TNFα promotes RelB phosphorylation at serine 472. Once phosphorylated on serine 472, nuclear RelB dissociates from its interaction with the inhibitory protein IκBα and binds to the promoter of critical migration-associated genes, such as the matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3). Further, we show that RelB serine 472 phosphorylation status controls MMP3 expression and promigration activity downstream of TNF receptors. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of RelB activity and reveal a novel link between selective NF-κB target gene expression and cellular response in response to TNFα.
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20
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Zang LL, Wu BN, Lin Y, Wang J, Fu L, Tang ZY. Research progress of ursolic acid's anti-tumor actions. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 20:72-9. [PMID: 24374755 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a sort of pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid purified from natural plant. UA has a series of biological effects such as sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, antiulcer, etc. It is discovered that UA has a broad-spectrum anti-tumor effect in recent years, which has attracted more and more scholars' attention. This review explained anti-tumor actions of UA, including (1) the protection of cells' DNA from different damages; (2) the anti-tumor cell proliferation by the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase signal or of FoxM1 transcription factors, respectively; (3) antiangiogenesis, (4) the immunological surveillance to tumors; (5) the inhibition of tumor cell migration and invasion; (6) the effect of UA on caspase, cytochromes C, nuclear factor kappa B, cyclooxygenase, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or mammalian target of rapamycin signal to induce tumor cell apoptosis respectively, and etc. Moreover, UA has selective toxicity to tumor cells, basically no effect on normal cells. With further studies, UA would be one of the potential anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Zang
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
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21
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Abstract
RelB is one of the more unusual members of the NF-κB family. This family, arguably the best known group of transcription regulators, regulates an astonishing array of cell types and biological processes. This includes regulation of cell growth, differentiation and death by apoptosis, and the development and function of the innate and adaptive-immune system. RelB is best known for its roles in lymphoid development, DC biology, and noncanonical signaling. Within the last few years, however, surprising functions of RelB have emerged. The N-terminal leucine zipper motif of RelB, a motif unique among the NF-κB family, may associate with more diverse DNA sequences than other NF-κB members. RelB is capable of direct binding to the AhR that supports the xenobiotic-detoxifying pathway. RelB can regulate the circadian rhythm by directly binding to the BMAL partner of CLOCK. Finally, RelB also couples with bioenergy NAD(+) sensor SIRT1 to integrate acute inflammation with changes in metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics. In this review, we will explore these unique aspects of RelB, specifically with regard to its role in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Millet
- 1.Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, 1 Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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22
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Nrf2-keap1 system versus NF-κB: the good and the evil in chronic kidney disease? Biochimie 2012; 94:2461-6. [PMID: 22874821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are two major components involved in the atherogenic process generated by the innate immune response to lipoprotein peroxidation, which is accelerated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whereas the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in the coordinated expression of inflammatory genes, the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the transcription factor that is responsible for both constitutive and inducible expression of antioxidant response element (ARE)-regulated genes. Thus, Nrf2 can regulate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory cellular responses of this system, playing an important protective role on the development of the uremic phenotype. This review describes the Nrf2 system and its possible role in CKD patients.
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Cartier J, Marivin A, Berthelet J, Dubrez L. [IAPs: a central element in the NF-κB activating signaling pathway]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:69-75. [PMID: 22289833 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012281019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of IAP has long been limited to an inhibition of apoptosis through their capacity to bind some caspases. Since the expression of these proteins is altered in some tumor samples, IAPs are targets for anticancer therapy and many small molecules have been designed for their capacity to inhibit IAP-caspase interaction. Unexpectedly, these molecules appeared to significantly affect NF-κB activation. In this review, we will discuss the central role of cIAP1, cIAP2 and XIAP in the regulation of NF-κB activating signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Cartier
- Inserm UMR 866, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, 7, Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
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Lin L, Zhong K, Sun Z, Wu G, Ding G. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) partially mediates HMGB1-ERKs activation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 138:11-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vogel CFA, Li W, Wu D, Miller JK, Sweeney C, Lazennec G, Fujisawa Y, Matsumura F. Interaction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and NF-κB subunit RelB in breast cancer is associated with interleukin-8 overexpression. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 512:78-86. [PMID: 21640702 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been best known for its role in mediating the toxicity of dioxin. Here we show that AhR overexpression is found among estrogen receptor (ER)α-negative human breast tumors and that its overexpression is positively correlated to that of the NF-κB subunit RelB and Interleukin (IL)-8. Increased DNA binding activity of the AhR and RelB is coupled to IL-8 overexpression in primary breast cancer tissue, which was also supported by in situ hybridization. Activation of AhR in vitro by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced IL-8 expression in MDA-MB 436 and MCF-7 cells in an AhR and RelB dependent manner. Consistently, downregulation of RelB or AhR by small interfering RNAs (siRNA) decreased the level of IL-8 but increased expression of ERα in vitro in MCF-7 cells. Our results strongly suggest that RelB and AhR have a critical role in the regulation of IL-8 and reveal a supportive role of RelB and AhR in the anti-apoptotic response in human breast cancer cells. AhR and RelB may present a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory driven breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Overexpression of pro-survival factors AhR and RelB may explain the process of the development of environmentally-induced type of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Franz Adam Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA.
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Yang J, Splittgerber R, Yull FE, Kantrow S, Ayers GD, Karin M, Richmond A. Conditional ablation of Ikkb inhibits melanoma tumor development in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2563-74. [PMID: 20530876 DOI: 10.1172/jci42358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that tumor cells show elevated activity of the NF-kappaB transcription factor, a phenomenon often resulting from constitutive activity of IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta). However, others have found that loss of NF-kappaB activity or IKKbeta is tumor promoting. The role of NF-kappaB in tumor progression is therefore controversial and varies with tumor type. We sought to more extensively investigate the role IKKbeta in melanoma tumor development by specifically disrupting Ikkb in melanocytes in an established mouse model of spontaneous melanoma, whereby HRasV12 is expressed in a melanocyte-specific, doxycycline-inducible manner in mice null for the gene encoding the tumor suppressor inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase 4/alternative reading frame (Ink4a/Arf). Our results show that Ink4a/Arf-/- mice with melanocyte-specific deletion of Ikkb were protected from HRasV12-initiated melanoma only when p53 was expressed. This protection was accompanied by cell cycle arrest, with reduced cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2), Cdk4, Aurora kinase A, and Aurora kinase B expression. Increased p53-mediated apoptosis was also observed, with decreased expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl2 and survivin. Enhanced stabilization of p53 involved increased phosphorylation at Ser15 and reduced phosphorylation of double minute 2 (Mdm2) at Ser166. Together, our findings provide genetic and mechanistic evidence that mutant HRas initiation of tumorigenesis requires Ikkbeta-mediated NF-kappaB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bidère
- Inserm U, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, France.
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