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Salas-Coronas J, Bargues MD, Fernández-Soto P, Soriano-Pérez MJ, Artigas P, Vázquez-Villegas J, Villarejo-Ordoñez A, Sánchez-Sánchez JC, Cabeza-Barrera MI, Febrer-Sendra B, De Elías-Escribano A, Crego-Vicente B, Fantozzi MC, Diego JGB, Castillo-Fernández N, Borrego-Jiménez J, Muro A, Luzón-García MP. Impact of species hybridization on the clinical management of schistosomiasis: A prospective study. Travel Med Infect Dis 2024; 61:102744. [PMID: 39053674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species hybridization represents a real concern in terms of parasite transmission, epidemiology and morbidity of schistosomiasis. It is greatly important to better understand the impact of species hybridization for the clinical management. METHODS A prospective observational study was carried out in sub-Saharan migrants who were diagnosed with confirmed genitourinary schistosomiasis. A tailored protocol was applied, including Schistosoma serology, a specific urine LAMP tests for schistosomiasis and an ultrasound examination before treatment with praziquantel. A scheduled follow-up was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months to monitor treatment response, comparing patients carriers of Schistosoma hybrids with carriers of only genetically pure forms. RESULTS A total of 31 male patients from West Africa were included in the study with a mean age of 26.5 years. Twelve (38.7 %) of the patients were carriers of Schistosoma hybrids. As compared with patients infected with S. haematobium alone, hybrid carriers had lower haemoglobin levels (13.8 g/dL [SD 1.8] vs 14.8 g/dL [SD 1.4], p = 0.04), a greater frequency of hematuria (100 % vs 52.6 %, p = 0.005), a higher ultrasound score (2.64, SD 2.20 vs 0.89, SD 0.99; p = 0.02). However, the presence of hybrids did not result in differences in clinical and analytical responses after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The presence of Schistosoma hybrids seems to cause increased morbidity in infected individuals. However, it does not appear to result in differences in diagnostic tests or in clinical and analytical responses after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Salas-Coronas
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Poniente, 04700, El Ejido, Almería, Spain; Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento, S/n 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Dolores Bargues
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel J Soriano-Pérez
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Poniente, 04700, El Ejido, Almería, Spain
| | - Patricio Artigas
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - José C Sánchez-Sánchez
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Poniente, 04700, El Ejido, Almería, Spain
| | - María I Cabeza-Barrera
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Poniente, 04700, El Ejido, Almería, Spain
| | - Begoña Febrer-Sendra
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alejandra De Elías-Escribano
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Crego-Vicente
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María C Fantozzi
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan García-Bernalt Diego
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Borrego-Jiménez
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Poniente, 04700, El Ejido, Almería, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María P Luzón-García
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Poniente, 04700, El Ejido, Almería, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Perera DJ, Koger-Pease C, Paulini K, Daoudi M, Ndao M. Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0009823. [PMID: 38319102 PMCID: PMC10938899 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00098-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the helminth Schistosoma spp. and has the second highest global impact of all parasites. Schistosoma are transmitted through contact with contaminated fresh water predominantly in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Due to the widespread prevalence of Schistosoma, co-infection with other infectious agents is common but often poorly described. Herein, we review recent literature describing the impact of Schistosoma co-infection between species and Schistosoma co-infection with blood-borne protozoa, soil-transmitted helminths, various intestinal protozoa, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, various urinary tract infection-causing agents, and viral pathogens. In each case, disease severity and, of particular interest, the immune landscape, are altered as a consequence of co-infection. Understanding the impact of schistosomiasis co-infections will be important when considering treatment strategies and vaccine development moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilhan J. Perera
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cal Koger-Pease
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kayla Paulini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohamed Daoudi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Momar Ndao
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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3
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Yoo N, Yoon JD, Yoo J, Kim KY, Heo JS, Kim KS. Development of molecular identification methods for Dryophytes suweonensis and D. japonicus, and their hybrids. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16728. [PMID: 38259669 PMCID: PMC10802155 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As hybridization can reduce biodiversity or cause extinction, it is important to identify both purebred parental species and their hybrids prior to conserving them. The Suwon tree frog, Dryophytes suweonensis, is an endangered wildlife species in Korea that shares its habitat and often hybridizes with the Japanese tree frog, D. japonicus. In particular, D. suweonensis, D. japonicus, and their hybrids often have abnormal ovaries and gonads, which are known causes that could threaten their existence. Methods We collected 57 individuals from six localities where D. suweonensis is known to be present. High-resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene was performed to determine the maternal species. Thereafter, the DNA sequences of five nuclear genes (SIAH, TYR, POMC, RAG1, and C-MYC) were analyzed to determine their parental species and hybrid status. Results The HRM analysis showed that the melting temperature of D. suweonensis was in the range of 79.0-79.3 °C, and that of D. japonicus was 77.7-78.0 °C, which clearly distinguished the two tree frog species. DNA sequencing of the five nuclear genes revealed 37 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites, and STRUCTURE analysis showed a two-group structure as the most likely grouping solution. No heterozygous position in the purebred parental sequences with Q values ≥ 0.995 were found, which clearly distinguished the two treefrog species from their hybrids; 11 individuals were found to be D. suweonensis, eight were found to be D. japonicus, and the remaining 38 individuals were found to be hybrids. Conclusion Thus, it was possible to unambiguously identify the parental species and their hybrids using HRM analysis and DNA sequencing methods. This study provided fundamental information for D. suweonensis conservation and restoration research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakyung Yoo
- Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology, Yeongyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Duk Yoon
- Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology, Yeongyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Yoo
- Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology, Yeongyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Yong Kim
- Department of Genetic Analysis, AquaGenTech Co., Ltd, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Heo
- Department of Genetic Analysis, AquaGenTech Co., Ltd, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Kim
- Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology, Yeongyang, Republic of Korea
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Inceboz T. One Health Concept against Schistosomiasis: An Overview. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.106912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) is a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma spp. that belongs to trematode worms. These worms are known as “blood parasites”. This disease is included in “neglected tropical diseases” and “water-borne diseases”. The main species are Schistosoma (S.) haematobium, S. japonicum, S. mansoni, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi, S. guineensis and S. intercalatum, though there are more than 20 different species. The parasite in the definitive host may affect many organs and systems. The disease may become chronic and lasts 3–8 years and even up to 20–30 years. The definitive host is primarily human; however, in endemic areas animals such as monkeys, cattle, horses, rodents, cats, dogs are reservoirs. According to World Health Organization (WHO), schistosomiasis affects 250 million people, and causes 1.9 million deaths yearly in endemic areas. Moreover, due to global warming, the spread of the disease may increase. The effective way to fight against schistosomiasis is following the “one-health system”. Indeed, to overcome or “eradicate” this disease, we have to strive against different forms at different evolutionary stages of the worm such as, forms in humans, domestic or wild animals, and freshwater snails. If we combine the knowledge of professionals, we may achieve this goal.
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Angora EK, Vangraefschepe A, Allienne JF, Menan H, Coulibaly JT, Meïté A, Raso G, Winkler MS, Yavo W, Touré AO, N'Goran EK, Zinsstag J, Utzinger J, Balmer O, Boissier J. Population genetic structure of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma haematobium × Schistosoma bovis hybrids among school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire. Parasite 2022; 29:23. [PMID: 35522066 PMCID: PMC9074780 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While population genetics of Schistosoma haematobium have been investigated in West Africa, only scant data are available from Côte d’Ivoire. The purpose of this study was to analyze both genetic variability and genetic structure among S. haematobium populations and to quantify the frequency of S. haematobium × S. bovis hybrids in school-aged children in different parts of Côte d’Ivoire. Urine samples were subjected to a filtration method and examined microscopically for Schistosoma eggs in four sites in the western and southern parts of Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 2692 miracidia were collected individually and stored on Whatman® FTA cards. Of these, 2561 miracidia were successfully genotyped for species and hybrid identification using rapid diagnostic multiplex mitochondrial cox1 PCR and PCR Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the nuclear ITS2 region. From 2164 miracidia, 1966 (90.9%) were successfully genotyped using at least 10 nuclear microsatellite loci to investigate genetic diversity and population structure. Significant differences were found between sites in all genetic diversity indices and genotypic differentiation was observed between the site in the West and the three sites in the East. Analysis at the infrapopulation level revealed clustering of parasite genotypes within individual children, particularly in Duekoué (West) and Sikensi (East). Of the six possible cox1-ITS2 genetic profiles obtained from miracidia, S. bovis cox1 × S. haematobium ITS2 (42.0%) was the most commonly observed in the populations. We identified only 15 miracidia (0.7%) with an S. bovis cox1 × S. bovis ITS2 genotype. Our study provides new insights into the population genetics of S. haematobium and S. haematobium × S. bovis hybrids in humans in Côte d’Ivoire and we advocate for researching hybrid schistosomes in animals such as rodents and cattle in Côte d’Ivoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne K Angora
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland - University of Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland - Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, BPV 34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Alexane Vangraefschepe
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Jean-François Allienne
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Hervé Menan
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, BPV 34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jean T Coulibaly
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland - University of Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland - Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 770, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire - Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Aboulaye Meïté
- Programme National de Lutte contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées à Chimiothérapie Préventive, 06 BP 6394, Abidjan 06, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Giovanna Raso
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland - University of Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Mirko S Winkler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland - University of Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - William Yavo
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, BPV 34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - André O Touré
- Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, BPV 490 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Eliézer K N'Goran
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 770, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire - Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland - University of Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland - University of Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Balmer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland - University of Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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6
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Onyekwere AM, Rey O, Allienne JF, Nwanchor MC, Alo M, Uwa C, Boissier J. Population Genetic Structure and Hybridization of Schistosoma haematobium in Nigeria. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040425. [PMID: 35456103 PMCID: PMC9026724 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schistosomiasis is a major poverty-related disease caused by dioecious parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma with a health impact on both humans and animals. Hybrids of human urogenital schistosome and bovine intestinal schistosome have been reported in humans in several of Nigeria’s neighboring West African countries. No empirical studies have been carried out on the genomic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium in Nigeria. Here, we present novel data on the presence and prevalence of hybrids and the population genetic structure of S. haematobium. Methods: 165 Schistosoma-positive urine samples were obtained from 12 sampling sites in Nigeria. Schistosoma haematobium eggs from each sample were hatched and each individual miracidium was picked and preserved in Whatman® FTA cards for genomic analysis. Approximately 1364 parasites were molecularly characterized by rapid diagnostic multiplex polymerase chain reaction (RD-PCR) for mitochondrial DNA gene (Cox1 mtDNA) and a subset of 1136 miracidia were genotyped using a panel of 18 microsatellite markers. Results: No significant difference was observed in the population genetic diversity (p > 0.05), though a significant difference was observed in the allelic richness of the sites except sites 7, 8, and 9 (p < 0.05). Moreover, we observed two clusters of populations: west (populations 1−4) and east (populations 7−12). Of the 1364 miracidia genotyped, 1212 (89%) showed an S. bovis Cox1 profile and 152 (11%) showed an S. haematobium cox1 profile. All parasites showed an S. bovis Cox1 profile except for some at sites 3 and 4. Schistosoma miracidia full genotyping showed 59.3% of the S. bovis ITS2 allele. Conclusions: This study provides novel insight into hybridization and population genetic structure of S. haematobium in Nigeria. Our findings suggest that S. haematobium x S. bovis hybrids are common in Nigeria. More genomic studies on both human- and animal-infecting parasites are needed to ascertain the role of animals in schistosome transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Mathias Onyekwere
- Department of Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki PMB 1010, Nigeria; (A.M.O.); (C.U.)
- IHPE, University Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66000 Perpignan, France; (O.R.); (J.-F.A.)
| | - Olivier Rey
- IHPE, University Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66000 Perpignan, France; (O.R.); (J.-F.A.)
| | - Jean-François Allienne
- IHPE, University Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66000 Perpignan, France; (O.R.); (J.-F.A.)
| | | | - Moses Alo
- Department of Microbiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki PMB 1010, Nigeria;
| | - Clementina Uwa
- Department of Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki PMB 1010, Nigeria; (A.M.O.); (C.U.)
| | - Jerome Boissier
- IHPE, University Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66000 Perpignan, France; (O.R.); (J.-F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-430-192-312
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7
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Reguera-Gomez M, Valero MA, Oliver-Chiva MC, de Elias-Escribano A, Artigas P, Cabeza-Barrera MI, Salas-Coronas J, Boissier J, Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD. First morphogenetic analysis of parasite eggs from Schistosomiasis haematobium infected sub-Saharan migrants in Spain and proposal for a new standardised study methodology. Acta Trop 2021; 223:106075. [PMID: 34358512 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a Neglected Tropical Disease caused by trematode species of the genus Schistosoma. Both, autochthonous and imported cases of urogenital schistosomiasis have been described in Europe. The present study focuses on eggs, considered pure S. haematobium by genetic characterisation (intergenic ITS region of the rDNA and cox1 mtDNA). A phenotypic characterisation of S. haematobium eggs was made by morphometric comparison with experimental populations of S. bovis and S. mansoni, to help in the diagnosis of S. haematobium populations infecting sub-Saharan migrants in Spain. Analyses were made by Computer Image Analysis System (CIAS) applied on the basis of new standardised measurements and geometric morphometric tools. The principal component analysis (PCA), including seventeen non-redundant measurements, showed three phenotypic patterns in eggs of S. haematobium, S. bovis and S. mansoni. PCA showed that the S. bovis population presented a large egg size range with a pronouncedly larger maximum size. Similarly, S. bovis shows bigger spine values than S. haematobium. Mahalanobis distances between each pair of groups were calculated for each discriminant analysis performed. In general, S. mansoni and S. bovis present larger distances between them than with S. haematobium, i.e. they present the greatest differences. Regarding the spine, S. haematobium and S. mansoni are the most distant species. Results show the usefulness of this methodology for the phenotypic differentiation between eggs from these Schistosoma species, capable of discerning morphologically close eggs, as is the case of the haematobium group. Schistosoma egg phenotyping approaches may be applied to assess not only hybrid forms but also potential influences of a variety of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reguera-Gomez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Adela Valero
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Oliver-Chiva
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandra de Elias-Escribano
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Patricio Artigas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | - Jérôme Boissier
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Ojo JA, Adedokun SA, Akindele AA, Olorunfemi AB, Otutu OA, Ojurongbe TA, Thomas BN, Velavan TP, Ojurongbe O. Prevalence of urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis among school children in South-west Nigeria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009628. [PMID: 34314428 PMCID: PMC8345861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of co-infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni and the potential harmful effect on morbidity and control is enhanced by the overlapping distribution of both species in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the reported high endemicity of both species in Nigeria, studies on the spread and effect of their mixed infection are limited. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among school children in two communities in South-west Nigeria to investigate the prevalence of mixed human schistosome infection, intensity, and possible ectopic egg elimination. Methods Urine and stool samples were collected from consenting school children in Ilie and Ore communities of Osun State, Nigeria. Schistosoma haematobium eggs were detected in urine using the urine filtration technique, while S. mansoni eggs were detected in stool using the Kato–Katz thick smear technique. Results The study enrolled 466 primary and secondary school children (211; 45.3% males vs. 255; 54.7% females; mean age 11.6 ± 3.16 years). The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 40% (185/466), with 19% (89/466) recording single S. haematobium infection while 9% (41/465) had a single S. mansoni infection. The geometric mean egg count for S. haematobium was 189.4 egg/10ml urine; 95% CI: range 115.9–262.9, while for S. mansoni, it was 115.7 epg; 95% CI: range 78.4–152.9. The prevalence of ectopic S mansoni (S. mansoni eggs in urine) was 4.7%, while no ectopic S. haematobium (S. haematobium eggs in stool) was recorded. Mixed infection of S. haematobium/S. mansoni had a prevalence of 9.5% (44/466). More females (54.5%) presented with S. haematobium/S. mansoni co-infection. For both parasites, males had higher infection intensity, with a significant difference observed with S. haematobium (p = 0.0004). Hematuria was significant in individuals with single S. haematobium infection (p = 0.002), mixed ectopic S. haematobium/S. mansoni (p = 0.009) and mixed S. haematobium/S. mansoni/ectopic S. mansoni (p = 0.0003). Conclusions These findings suggest the probability of interspecific interactions between S. haematobium and S. mansoni. Scaling up of mass administration of praziquantel and control measures in the study areas is highly desirable. In sub-Saharan Africa, human schistosomiasis is a neglected disease of public health concern caused mostly by Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni. The overlapping range of both species in Africa considerably increases the chance of co-infection. School-aged children are the most vulnerable, as they participate in water contact activities that expose them to free-swimming cercariae released by infected snail species in freshwater. This study examined the probable mixed human Schistosoma infections and associated disease variables in school children in the communities of Ilie and Ore in southwest Nigeria. This study reveals a high prevalence of mixed S. haematobium and S. mansoni, and ectopic S. mansoni eggs (S. mansoni eggs in urine) elimination, highlighting the possible ongoing control challenges in this area. Furthermore, this study indicates that some form of inter-specific interaction exists between S. haematobium and S. mansoni, and may produce potentially significant consequences for developing morbidity in the study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson A. Ojo
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Samuel A. Adedokun
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Akeem A. Akindele
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Adedolapo B. Olorunfemi
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Olawumi A. Otutu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo A. Ojurongbe
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Bolaji N. Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Olusola Ojurongbe
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
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9
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Panzner U, Boissier J. Natural Intra- and Interclade Human Hybrid Schistosomes in Africa with Considerations on Prevention through Vaccination. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071465. [PMID: 34361901 PMCID: PMC8305539 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Causal agents of schistosomiasis are dioecious, digenean schistosomes affecting mankind in 76 countries. Preventive measures are manifold but need to be complemented by vaccination for long-term protection; vaccine candidates in advanced pre-clinical/clinical stages include Sm14, Sm-TSP-2/Sm-TSP-2Al®, Smp80/SchistoShield®, and Sh28GST/Bilhvax®. Natural and anthropogenic changes impact on breaking species isolation barriers favoring introgressive hybridization, i.e., allelic exchange among gene pools of sympatric, interbreeding species leading to instant large genetic diversity. Phylogenetic distance matters, thus the less species differ phylogenetically the more likely they hybridize. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for publications limited to hybridale confirmation by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and/or nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Human schistosomal hybrids are predominantly reported from West Africa with clustering in the Senegal River Basin, and scattering to Europe, Central and Eastern Africa. Noteworthy is the dominance of Schistosoma haematobium interbreeding with human and veterinary species leading due to hybrid vigor to extinction and homogenization as seen for S. guineensis in Cameroon and S. haematobium in Niger, respectively. Heterosis seems to advantage S. haematobium/S. bovis interbreeds with dominant S. haematobium-ITS/S. bovis-COX1 profile to spread from West to East Africa and reoccur in France. S. haematobium/S. mansoni interactions seen among Senegalese and Côte d’Ivoirian children are unexpected due to their high phylogenetic distance. Detecting pure S. bovis and S. bovis/S. curassoni crosses capable of infecting humans observed in Corsica and Côte d’Ivoire, and Niger, respectively, is worrisome. Taken together, species hybridization urges control and preventive measures targeting human and veterinary sectors in line with the One-Health concept to be complemented by vaccination protecting against transmission, infection, and disease recurrence. Functional and structural diversity of naturally occurring human schistosomal hybrids may impact current vaccine candidates requiring further research including natural history studies in endemic areas targeted for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Panzner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-176-6657-2910
| | - Jerome Boissier
- IHPE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University of Perpignan, 66860 Perpignan, France;
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10
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Huguenin A, Depaquit J, Villena I, Ferté H. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: a new tool for rapid identification of cercariae (Trematoda, Digenea). Parasite 2019; 26:11. [PMID: 30838972 PMCID: PMC6402365 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of cercariae was long based on morphological and morphometric features, but these approaches remain difficult to implement and require skills that have now become rare. Molecular tools have become the reference even though they remain relatively time-consuming and expensive. We propose a new approach for the identification of cercariae using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Snails of different genera (Radix, Lymnaea, Stagnicola, Planorbis, and Anisus) were collected in the field to perform emitting tests in the laboratory. The cercariae they emitted (Trichobilharzia anseri, Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, Alaria alata, Echinostoma revolutum, Petasiger phalacrocoracis, Tylodelphys sp., Australapatemon sp., Cotylurus sp., Posthodiplostomum sp., Parastrigea sp., Echinoparyphium sp. and Plagiorchis sp.) were characterized by sequencing the D2, ITS2 and ITS1 domains of rDNA, and by amplification using specific Alaria alata primers. A sample of each specimen, either fresh or stored in ethanol, was subjected to a simple preparation protocol for MALDI-TOF analysis. The main spectral profiles were analyzed by Hierarchical Clustering Analysis. Likewise, the haplotypes were analyzed using the maximum likelihood method. Analytical performance and the log-score value (LSV) cut-off for species identification were then assessed by blind testing. The clusters obtained by both techniques were congruent, allowing identification at a species level. MALDI-TOF enables identification at an LSV cut-off of 1.7 without false-positives; however, it requires more data on closely related species. The development of a "high throughput" identification system for all types of cercariae would be of considerable interest in epidemiological surveys of trematode infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Huguenin
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EA 7510, ESCAPE, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne 51 rue Cognacq Jay 51092
Reims CEDEX France
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Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche 45 rue Cognacq Jay 51092
Reims CEDEX France
| | - Jérôme Depaquit
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EA 7510, ESCAPE, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne 51 rue Cognacq Jay 51092
Reims CEDEX France
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Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche 45 rue Cognacq Jay 51092
Reims CEDEX France
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USC ANSES Transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR) Reims France
| | - Isabelle Villena
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EA 7510, ESCAPE, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne 51 rue Cognacq Jay 51092
Reims CEDEX France
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Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche 45 rue Cognacq Jay 51092
Reims CEDEX France
| | - Hubert Ferté
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EA 7510, ESCAPE, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne 51 rue Cognacq Jay 51092
Reims CEDEX France
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Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche 45 rue Cognacq Jay 51092
Reims CEDEX France
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USC ANSES Transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR) Reims France
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