Diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence in the older patient

Urinary Incontinence After Stroke: Does Rehabilitation Make a Difference? A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Behavioral Therapy

This study uses a comprehensive review of the literature to assess the scientific evidence for the effectiveness of behavioral therapies to treat urinary incontinence (UI) post stroke. Evidence for the different behavioral therapies was critically appraised to achieve a level of evidence based on Foley's classification of levels of evidence. Only four randomized clinical trials (RCTs), one cohort study, and recommendations from three clinical practice guidelines were found. There is limited evidence that bladder retraining with urge suppression in combination with pelvic floor exercises results in reduction of UI in male individuals with stroke. Further research is urgently needed to elucidate clinical recommendations about the efficacy of behavioral approaches.

Comorbidade entre depressão e doenças clínicas em um ambulatório de geriatria

Este estudo investiga a associação entre depressão e comorbidade clínica em idosos em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. A população estudada consistiu de uma amostra de idosos (n = 1.120) atendidos em um ambulatório de referência. Razões de prevalência brutas entre depressão e doenças clínicas foram calculadas, com subseqüente estratificação por sexo, faixa etária e estado nutricional. Noventa e cinco por cento dos indivíduos apresentavam pelo menos uma patologia crônica, sendo as principais: hipertensão arterial (62,2%), osteoartrose (40%) e incontinência urinária (35%). A depressão foi diagnosticada em 23,4%, sendo mais freqüente entre as mulheres (RP = 1,28; IC95%: 0,99-1,65) e entre os menores de 75 anos (RP = 1,24; IC95%: 1,00-1,53). O número de doenças crônicas maior que três foi associado com depressão (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 1,04-1,66). Observou-se associação, ainda, entre depressão e doença de Parkinson, sobretudo no sexo feminino (RP = 1,59; IC95%: 1,05-2,41) e na faixa etária de 70-79 anos (RP = 2,02; IC95%: 1,28-3,20). Como muitos idosos apresentam doenças crônicas e múltiplas, os profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos para a possibilidade de sintomatologia depressiva nesses pacientes.

Neurogenic bowel and bladder in the older adult

Special skills are needed in caring for an elderly patient with a neurogenic bowel and bladder. One not only has to take into account the age-related changes that occur, but also how these changes impact on a patient already struggling with bowel and bladder issues because of various neurogenic causes. Incontinence of bowel and bladder leads to a loss of quality of life and physicians should be educated on the treatment available to provide the best care for their patients.

ICF Core Set for geriatric patients in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities

PURPOSE

The aim of this consensus process was to decide on a first version of the ICF Core Set for geriatric patients in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities.

METHODS

The ICF Core Set development involved a formal decision-making and consensus process, integrating evidence gathered from preliminary studies including focus groups of health professionals, a systematic review of the literature and empiric data collection from patients.

RESULTS

Fifteen experts selected a total of 123 second-level categories. The largest number of categories was selected from the ICF component Body Functions (51 categories or 41%). 14 (11%) of the categories were selected from the component Body Structures, 30 (29%) from the component Activities and Participation, and 28 (23%) from the component Environmental Factors.

CONCLUSION

The Post-acute ICF Core Set for geriatric patients is a clinical framework to comprehensively assess patients in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities, particularly in an interdisciplinary setting. This first version of the ICF Core Set will be further tested through empiric studies in German-speaking countries and internationally.

Urinary incontinence in the nursing home: practical approach to evaluation and management

This article provides a practical, evidence-based approach to the evaluation and treatment of the older incontinent nursing home resident. The concept of targeting treatment to those individuals who have cognitive and sensorimotor impairments and who are most likely to benefit is discussed. The efficacy and feasibility of comprehensive continence care programs, the use of clinical care guidelines in the nursing home, and the need for translational research in this area are addressed briefly.

Experience of an incontinence clinic for older women: no apparent age limit for potential physical and psychological benefits

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common but undertreated condition in older women. Although a variety of noninvasive interventions is available, older women may be hesitant to seek care for UI because of misconceptions about normal aging and treatment futility. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a UI clinic specifically tailored to the needs of older women to promote a sense of empowerment and to enhance satisfaction with treatment and outcome. We describe a case series of 52 women between the ages of 65 and 98 who were evaluated at the Geriatric Incontinence Clinic at the McGill University Health Centre over a 1-year period. A standardized telephone questionnaire was administered by a nurse consultant 6 months after each subject's final visit to assess patient satisfaction and current incontinence status. Forty-five women (86%) were available for telephone follow-up and completed the questionnaire. Mean age was 80 years, with urge incontinence in 45%, mixed incontinence (stress and urge) in 33%, impaired bladder emptying with urge symptoms in 10%, and other diagnoses in 12%. Overall, a mean reduction of 1.4 incontinent episodes per day was reported. At follow-up, 30% of the subjects reported being cured of their incontinence, 30% had improved, 20% were the same, and 20% were worse. Over 85% of all women reported satisfaction with their new incontinence status. Women of all ages, independent of the type of UI, type of treatment, and cognitive status, were able to achieve reductions in incontinence symptoms. All patients who had worsened were noncompliant with treatment recommendations at follow-up. Older women can derive significant benefit from a UI assessment. Neither advanced age nor category of incontinence precludes improvements or enhanced satisfaction with treatment. Efforts to improve targeting and compliance may improve outcomes.