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Yadav V, Raveendranath V, Ganesan P, Kar R, R P, Manivannan P. Immunophenotypic Characteristics and Cytogenetic Analysis of Adolescent and Young Adult B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Correlations With Clinicopathological Parameters. Cureus 2024; 16:e68735. [PMID: 39371707 PMCID: PMC11454831 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.68735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has suboptimal survival rates for adolescents and young adults (AYA) as compared to children. Very limited studies have been conducted on AYA patients in India. This study aimed to identify the cytogenetic and immunophenotype characteristics of B-cell ALL (B-ALL) in AYA patients and determine its correlation with clinicopathological parameters in the Southern India region. Method The study was a prospective study conducted for three years, from June 2019 to May 2022, in India. Newly diagnosed 90 patients with AYA (13-40 years) ALL were recruited. A B-ALL diagnosis was made based on morphology with cytochemical stains and immunophenotype by flow cytometry (FCM). Cytogenetic analysis was also performed using karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization to identify chromosomal aberrations. The cytogenetics results were correlated with immunophenotyping and clinicopathological characteristics. Variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (Released 2011; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results The mean age was 22.68 ± 8.06 years. It was observed that the most common structural chromosomal abnormality for AYA was t(9;22) in 14 (15%) cases, followed by 6q deletions in seven (8%) cases, t(1;19) in four (4%) cases, and t(12;17) and t(6;14) in two (2%) cases each. In addition, t(3;12), t(2;11), t(12;21), t(1;9), t(2;12), and t(X;10) were found in one (1%) case each. The most common numerical abnormality was hyperdiploidy (15; 17%), followed by hypodiploidy (10; 11%). Further, myeloid antigen expression of CD33 was the most common aberrantly expressed marker found in 20 (28%) cases, followed by CD15 in three cases (5%), CD13 in three (4%) cases, and CD11b in two (3%) cases. It was also observed that in Ph+ve cases, CD33 and CD13 were most commonly expressed in three (33%) and two (17%) cases, respectively. In contrast, in Ph-ve patients, their expressions were lesser at 17 (27%) and one (2%) cases, respectively. In addition, leukemia-associated immunophenotype pattern (LAIP) markers CD44 6 (86%) and CD123 5 (55%) were also found to be significantly associated with Ph+ve, whereas their values in the Ph-ve group were lesser at 25 (42%) and 9 (17%), respectively. Our data also showed that older age wassignificantly associated with Ph+ve with a median age of 30 years (p = 0.012). In comparison, the median age of Ph-ve was only 21 years. Conclusion Our study established that the incidence of cytogenetic abnormalities for AYA was consistent with previously reported data. This study reaffirms that Ph+ve cases have significant associations with MyAg (CD13), LAIP (CD123 and CD44), and older age for the South Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Yadav
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
| | | | - Prasanth Ganesan
- Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Rakhee Kar
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Priyadharshini R
- Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Prabhu Manivannan
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
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Maqsood S, Ansari SH, Mushtaq M, Abbas A, Waryah AM, Haq ZU. Molecular pathology and computational profiling of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from a Pakistani cohort. Lab Med 2024:lmae071. [PMID: 39158980 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND JAK2 mutation plays a clinically significant role in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by enhancing its oncogenicity. The study aimed to characterize the molecular pathology and computational profile of the JAK2 mutation in an ALL cohort of Pakistani origin. METHODS Ninety-three patients were enrolled in the current study. The disease diagnosis was confirmed via flow cytometry and karyotyping of bone marrow aspirate/blood. For the identification of causative gene variations and assessment of their potential impact, the JAK2 gene underwent direct sequencing and predictive computational and in silico structural analysis, respectively. RESULTS JAK2 mutations were detected in 10 (11%) patients. All mutations were missense with 1 being frameshift. Most mutations showed a similar pattern to the wild type but p.N673H+p.V674L+p.C675W (AAD699), p.V674F (AAD704), and p.V674L (AAD705) exhibited statistically significant stability loss. The triple mutation displayed reduced stability both globally and locally. CONCLUSION The pattern of gene defects in JAK2 in the studied cohort showed a disruption in proper folding behavior, evident from increased gyration values, resulting in the hypothesis that these mutations may cause structural alterations in the JAK2 protein that lead to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Maqsood
- Clinical Research Department, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Hussain Ansari
- Clinical Research Department, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mamona Mushtaq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Abbas
- HEJ, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Medical Research Centre, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul- Haq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Oikonomou A, Valsecchi L, Quadri M, Watrin T, Scharov K, Procopio S, Tu JW, Vogt M, Savino AM, Silvestri D, Valsecchi MG, Biondi A, Borkhardt A, Bhatia S, Cazzaniga G, Fazio G, Bardini M, Palmi C. High-throughput screening as a drug repurposing strategy for poor outcome subgroups of pediatric B-cell precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115809. [PMID: 37717691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Although a great cure rate has been achieved for pediatric BCP-ALL, approximately 15% of patients do not respond to conventional chemotherapy and experience disease relapse. A major effort to improve the cure rates by treatment intensification would result in an undesirable increase in treatment-related toxicity and mortality, raising the need to identify novel therapeutic approaches. High-throughput (HTP) drug screening enables the profiling of patients' responses in vitro and allows the repurposing of compounds currently used for other diseases, which can be immediately available for clinical application. The aim of this study was to apply HTP drug screening to identify potentially effective compounds for the treatment of pediatric BCP-ALL patients with poor prognosis, such as patients with Down Syndrome (DS) or carrying rearrangements involving PAX5 or KMT2A/MLL genes. Patient-derived Xenografts (PDX) samples from 34 BCP-ALL patients (9 DS CRLF2r, 15 PAX5r, 10 MLLr), 7 human BCP-ALL cell lines and 14 hematopoietic healthy donor samples were screened on a semi-automated HTP drug screening platform using a 174 compound library (FDA/EMA-approved or in preclinical studies). We identified 9 compounds active against BCP-ALL (ABT-199/venetoclax, AUY922/luminespib, dexamethasone, EC144, JQ1, NVP-HSP990, paclitaxel, PF-04929113 and vincristine), but sparing normal cells. Ex vivo validations confirmed that the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax exerts an anti-leukemic effect against all three ALL subgroups at nanomolar concentrations. Overall, this study points out the benefit of HTP screening application for drug repurposing to allow the identification of effective and clinically translatable therapeutic agents for difficult-to-treat childhood BCP-ALL subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigia Valsecchi
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Manuel Quadri
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Titus Watrin
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katerina Scharov
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simona Procopio
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Jia-Wey Tu
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melina Vogt
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Maria Savino
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Daniela Silvestri
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy; Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Michela Bardini
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Palmi
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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Moghaddasi H, Rahimi R, Kazemi A, Arjmandi Rafsanjani K, Bahoush G, Rahimi F. A Clinical Decision Support System for Increasing Compliance with Protocols in Chemotherapy of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Inform 2022; 21:11769351221084812. [PMID: 35342287 PMCID: PMC8943570 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221084812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this survey, a protocol-based Chemotherapy Prescription Decision Support
System (CPDSS) was designed and evaluated to reduce medication errors in the
chemotherapy process of children with ALL. Methods: The CPDSS algorithm was extracted by the software development team based on
the protocol used by doctors to treat children with ALL. The ASP.Net MVC
and SQL Server 2016 programming languages were used to develop the system. A
3-step evaluation (technical, retrospective, and user satisfaction) was
performed on CPDSS designed at 2 children’s hospitals in Tehran. The data
were analyzed using descriptive statistics. At the technical evaluation
step, users provided recommendations included in the system. Results: In the retrospective CPDSS evaluation step, 1281 prescribed doses of the
drugs related to 30 patients were entered into the system. CPDSS detected
735 cases of protocol deviations and 57 (95%, CI = 1.25-2.55) errors in
prescribed chemotherapy for children with ALL. In the user satisfaction
evaluation, the users approved two dimensions of the user interface and
functionality of the system. Conclusions: With the provision of alerts, the CPDSS can help increase compliance with
chemotherapy protocols and decrease the chemotherapy prescribing errors that
can improve patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Moghaddasi
- Department of Health Information Management and Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Rahimi
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Kazemi
- Department of Health Information Management and Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Arjmandi Rafsanjani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahoush
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Rahimi
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Avelino KY, Frias IA, Lucena-Silva N, Gomes RG, de Melo CP, Oliveira MD, Andrade CA. Attomolar electrochemical detection of the BCR/ABL fusion gene based on an amplifying self-signal metal nanoparticle-conducting polymer hybrid composite. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:576-584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Babovic S, Eaves CJ. Hierarchical organization of fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Savlı H, Uzülmez N, Ilkay Z, Yavuz D, Sünnetçi D, Hacıhanifioğlu A, Cine N. High Throughput FISH Analysis: A New, Sensitive Option For Evaluation of Hematological Malignancies. TURKISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF HAEMATOLOGY 2014; 30:122-8. [PMID: 24385774 PMCID: PMC3878481 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2012.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of the high throughput FISH analysis (HTFA) method for detecting genetic alterations in hematological malignancies, which is a new bacterial artificial chromosome array-based approach. Materials and Methods: We performed a HTFA study of bone marrow aspiration and peripheral blood samples of 77 cases (n=19 myelodysplastic syndrome, n=17 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, n=9 chronic myeloid leukemia, n=32 acute myeloid leukemia) with hematological malignancies during the periods of initial diagnosis, treatment, and/or follow-up. Results: Both numerical and structural abnormalities were detected by HTFA. We observed aberrations in 88% of our acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, 25% of acute myeloid leukemia patients, and 31% of myelodysplastic syndrome patients. In chronic myeloid leukemia cases, aberration was not detected by HTFA. Conclusion: Our results showed that HTFA, combined with other methods, will gradually take a place in the routine diagnosis of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Savlı
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Uzülmez
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ilkay
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Duygu Yavuz
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Deniz Sünnetçi
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Naci Cine
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Nordgren A. Hidden Aberrations Diagnosed by Interphase FluorescenceIn SituHybridisation and Spectral Karyotyping in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 44:2039-53. [PMID: 14959846 DOI: 10.1080/1042819031000083361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common oncologic disease in childhood, accounting for approximately 25% of all paediatric malignancies. Based on clinical risk criteria and modern laboratory investigations including immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular genetics, patients can be divided into prognostic groups and assigned to risk-adjusted treatment protocols. The karyotype is an independent prognostic indicator and has for some aberrations that are associated with a poor outcome a direct impact on the choice of treatment. Cytogenetic analysis in ALL is often hampered by poor chromosome morphology, few malignant metaphases, undetectable chromosomal rearrangements due to regions of a similar size and banding pattern and sometimes only normal metaphases derived from normal cells are found after cell culture. Structural as well as numerical aberrations may therefore remain undetected using conventional G-banding. The application of modern molecular cytogenetic techniques including a broad set of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) methods and recent developments in comparative genomic hybridisation to DNA microarrays, together with molecular methods such as Southern blotting and RT-PCR has greatly improved the detection rate of genetic changes in ALL. This review emphasises the value of increasing the resolving power of the cytogenetic investigation by spectral karyotyping (SKY) and interphase FISH in identifying prognostically important and novel chromosomal rearrangements as a complement to conventional banding analysis. The results of investigations performed on cases with ALL have shown that interphase FISH is valuable and in many cases even mandatory for the detection of prognostically important genetic abnormalities and should therefore consistently be employed in the routine cytogenetic investigations in ALL. Likewise, SKY is a valuable tool for the cytogenetic analysis. Thus, the results of several different investigations described in this review revealed that SKY yielded additional information in 97/157 (62%) cases with chromosomal aberrations detected by G-banding, and in 10/66 (15%) cases with normal G-banding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, L8-02, Karolinska Hospital SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cytogenetics in pre-B and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study of 208 patients diagnosed between 1981 and 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 200:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Nowak NJ, Sait SNJ, Zeidan A, Deeb G, Gaile D, Liu S, Ford L, Wallace PK, Wang ES, Wetzler M. Recurrent deletion of 9q34 in adult normal karyotype precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 199:15-20. [PMID: 20417863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of adult normal karyotype (NK) precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has not improved over the last decade, mainly because separation into distinct molecular subsets has been lacking and no targeted treatments are available. We screened the genome of blasts from 10 adult NK B-ALL patients for novel genomic alterations by array comparative genomic hybridization and verified our results with fluorescent in situ hybridization and gene expression profile with the same probes. The results demonstrate cryptic deletions of 9q34 involving SET, PKN3, NUP188, ABL1, and NUP214 in three of the samples. The smallest deletion resulted in the likely juxtaposition of the SET and NUP214 genes. This aberration has not been described before in adult NK B-ALL. Larger number of samples is warranted to determine the prognostic significance of this cryptic deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma J Nowak
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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The association of polymorphisms in DNA base excision repair genes XRCC1, OGG1 and MUTYH with the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:445-51. [PMID: 20364408 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in genes encoding three key proteins of DNA base excision repair (BER): the OGG1 Ser326Cys, the MUTYH Tyr165Cys and the XRCC1 Arg399Gln with the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our study included 97 children patients with ALL (mean age 5.4±2.5) and 131 healthy children (mean age 6.2±2.8) used as controls. Genetic polymorphisms in BER pathway genes were examined using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). We have demonstrated that the OGG1 Cys/Cys genotype increases the risk of ALL (OR 5.36) whereas the Ser/Ser genotype variant strongly reduces the risk of this cancer among Polish children (OR 0.45). Although we did not observe the differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MUTYH and XRCC1 genes between control group and children with ALL, we have shown that the combined genotypes of examined genes can modulate the risk of childhood ALL in Polish population. We found that the combined genotype Arg/Gln-Cys/Cys of XRCC1/OGG1 (OR 3.83) as well as the Cys/Cys-Tyr/Tyr of OGG1/MUTYH (OR 6.75) increases the risk of ALL. In contrast, the combined genotype Arg/Arg-Ser/Ser of XRCC1/OGG1 (OR 0.40) as well as the Ser/Ser-Tyr/Tyr of OGG1/MUTYH (OR 0.43) played a protective role against this malignant disease. In conclusion, we suggest that polymorphisms of BER genes may be used as an important predictive factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.
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Hassan MI, Naiyer A, Ahmad F. Fragile histidine triad protein: structure, function, and its association with tumorogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 136:333-50. [PMID: 20033706 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene is a putative tumor suppressor gene, which is located at chromosome region 3p14.2. It was suggested that the loss of heterozygosity (LOH), homozygous deletions, and abnormal expression of the FHIT gene were involved in several types of human malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the role of FHIT in various cancers, we have performed structural and functional analysis of FHIT in detail. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The protein FHIT catalyzes the Mg(2+) dependent hydrolysis of P1-5 cent-O-adenosine-P3-5 cent-O-adenosine triphosphate, Ap3A, to AMP, and ADP. The reaction is thought to follow a two-step mechanism. Histidine triad proteins, named for a motif related to the sequence H-cent-H-cent-H-cent-cent- (cent, a hydrophobic amino acid), belong to superfamily of nucleotide hydrolases and transferases. This enzyme acts on the R-phosphate of ribonucleotides, and contain a approximately 30-kDa domain that is typically a homodimer of approximately 15 kDa polypeptides with catalytic site. CONCLUSION Here we have gathered information is known about biological activities of FHIT, the structural and biochemical bases for their functions. Our approach may provide a comparative framework for further investigation of FHIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
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Brown A, Niggli F, Hengartner H, Caflisch U, Nobile L, Kuhne T, Angst R, Bourquin JP, Betts D. Characterization of high-hyperdiploidy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with gain of a single chromosome 21. Leuk Lymphoma 2007; 48:2457-60. [PMID: 18067025 DOI: 10.1080/10428190701656110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Oliveira FM, Tone LG, Simões BP, Rego EM, Araújo AG, Falcão RP. Blastoid mantle cell lymphoma with t(2;8) (p12;q24). Leuk Lymphoma 2007; 48:2079-82. [PMID: 17917978 DOI: 10.1080/10428190701606834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Iravathy KG, Raina V, Surya M, Prasanna R. Analysis of Risk Factors and Cytogenetic Anomalies in North Indian Leukemia Patients. APOLLO MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0976-0016(11)60430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Shank-Calvo JA, Draheim K, Bhasin M, Kelliher MA. p16Ink4a or p19Arf loss contributes to Tal1-induced leukemogenesis in mice. Oncogene 2006; 25:3023-31. [PMID: 16407836 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the INK4A/ARF locus in human T-ALL patients revealed frequent deletions in exon 2, the exon common to both p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF). Other studies have described selective deletion of exon 1beta of p14(ARF) or methylation of the p16(INK4A) promoter. Therefore, it is unclear from these studies whether loss of p16(INK4A) and/or p14(ARF) contributes to the development of T-ALL. To elucidate the relative contribution of the ink4a/arf locus to T-cell leukemogenesis, we mated our tal1 transgenic mice to ink4a/arf-/-, p16(ink4a)-/-, and p19(arf)-/- mice and generated tal1/ink4a/arf+/-, tal1/p16(ink4a)+/-, and tal1/p19(arf)+/- mice. Each of these mice developed T-cell leukemia rapidly, indicating that loss of either p16(ink4a) or p19(arf) cooperates with Tal1 to induce leukemia in mice. Preleukemic studies reveal that Tal1 expression stimulates entry into the cell cycle and thymocyte apoptosis in vivo. Interestingly, mice expressing a DNA-binding mutant of Tal1 do not exhibit increases in S phase cells. The S phase induction is accompanied by an increase in thymocyte apoptosis in tal1 transgenic mice. Whereas apoptosis is reduced to wild-type levels in tal1/ink4a/arf-/- mice, S phase induction remains unaffected. Thus, Tal1 stimulates cell cycle entry independent of the ink4a/arf locus, but its ability to induce apoptosis is Ink4a/Arf-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Shank-Calvo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01650, USA
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17
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Smith MT, McHale CM, Wiemels JL, Zhang L, Wiencke JK, Zheng S, Gunn L, Skibola CF, Ma X, Buffler PA. Molecular biomarkers for the study of childhood leukemia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 206:237-45. [PMID: 15967214 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Various specific chromosome rearrangements, including t(8;21), t(15;17), and inv(16), are found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), t(12;21) and t(1;19) are common. We sequenced the translocation breakpoints of 56 patients with childhood ALL or AML harboring t(12;21), t(8;21), t(15;17), inv(16), and t(1;19), and demonstrated, with the notable exception of t(1;19), that these rearrangements are commonly detected in the neonatal blood spots (Guthrie cards) of the cases. These findings show that most childhood leukemias begin before birth and that maternal and perinatal exposures such as chemical and infectious agents are likely to be critical. Indeed, we have reported that exposure to indoor pesticides during pregnancy and the first year of life raises leukemia risk, but that later exposures do not. We have also examined aberrant gene methylation in different cytogenetic subgroups and have found striking differences between them, suggesting that epigenetic events are also important in the development of some forms of childhood leukemia. Further, at least two studies now show that the inactivating NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase (NQO1) C609T polymorphism is positively associated with leukemias arising in the first 1-2 years of life and polymorphisms in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene have been associated with adult and childhood ALL. Thus, low folate intake and compounds that are detoxified by NQO1 may be important in elevating leukemia risk in children. Finally, we are exploring the use of proteomics to subclassify leukemia, because cytogenetic analysis is costly and time-consuming. Several proteins have been identified that may serve as useful biomarkers for rapidly identifying different forms of childhood leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
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Jaing TH, Yang CP, Hung IJ, Tsay PK, Tseng CK, Chen SH. Clinical significance of central nervous system involvement at diagnosis of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45:135-8. [PMID: 15704218 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) frequently present with unfavorable features at diagnosis. Therefore, they are considered to have a higher risk to relapse. We sought to correlate initial central nervous system (CNS) disease at diagnosis with shortened survival in childhood T-ALL. PROCEDURE A retrospective analysis of 48 children with T-ALL was performed. The group consisted of 32 boys and 16 girls whose median age was 8 years. Their CNS status was classified as CNS-1 (no blast cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); n = 44), CNS-2 (<5 WBC/microl of CSF with blast cells; n = 0), or CNS-3 (> or =5 WBC/microl of CSF with blast cells or signs of CNS involvement; n = 4). For univariate prognostic analyses, we used the log-rank test to determine the influence of patient characteristics (age, sex, lymphomatous presentations, initial leukocyte count, CNS disease, and newer therapeutic strategies) on each point. RESULTS Complete remission was induced in 87.5% of patients. Median survival was 37 months, and 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 49.5% +/- 8.1% and 47.1% +/- 8.2%, respectively. Patients without initial CNS involvement seemed to have a trend toward longer overall survival (P = 0.036). Disease-free survival was not influenced by age, leukocyte count, or other factors analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Patients who present with initial CNS involvement have a prognosis worse than that of patients without CNS disease. The introduction of early and effective CNS-directed therapy might no longer portend a poor prognosis for CNS leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Her Jaing
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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19
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Kearney L, Horsley SW. Molecular cytogenetics in haematological malignancy: current technology and future prospects. Chromosoma 2005; 114:286-94. [PMID: 16003502 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-005-0002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetics has played a pivotal role in haematological malignancy, both as an aid to diagnosis and in identifying recurrent chromosomal rearrangements, an essential prerequisite to identifying genes involved in leukaemia and lymphoma pathogenesis. In the late 1980s, a series of technologies based around fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) revolutionised the field. Interphase FISH, multiplex-FISH (M-FISH, SKY) and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) have emerged as the most significant of these. More recently, microarray technologies have come to prominence. In the acute leukaemias, the finding of characteristic gene expression signatures corresponding to biological subgroups has heralded gene expression profiling as a possible future alternative to current cytogenetic and morphological methods for diagnosis. In the lymphomas, high-resolution array CGH has successfully identified new regions of deletion and amplification, providing the prospect of disease-specific arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndal Kearney
- Section of Haemato-Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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20
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Bench AJ, Erber WN, Scott MA. Molecular genetic analysis of haematological malignancies: I. Acute leukaemias and myeloproliferative disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 27:148-71. [PMID: 15938721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.2005.00701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular genetic techniques are now routinely applied to haematological malignancies within a clinical laboratory setting. The detection of genetic rearrangements not only assists with diagnosis and treatment decisions, but also adds important prognostic information. In addition, genetic rearrangements associated with leukaemia can be used as molecular markers allowing the detection of low levels of residual disease. This review will concentrate on the application of molecular genetic techniques to the acute leukaemias and myeloprolferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bench
- Haemato-Oncology Diagnostic Service, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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21
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Johansson B, Mertens F, Mitelman F. Clinical and biological importance of cytogenetic abnormalities in childhood and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Med 2004; 36:492-503. [PMID: 15513300 DOI: 10.1080/07853890410018808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the approximately 7,000 cytogenetically abnormal childhood and adult B- and T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) published to date, numerous recurring chromosomal aberrations and abnormality patterns have been identified, and it has been clearly shown that the cytogenetic features often correlate closely with specific morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical parameters. Thus, karyotypic investigations are now routinely performed for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in ALL, with the chromosomal abnormalities/cytogenetic patterns playing a major role for proper risk assessment and choice of treatment. At the same time, the cytogenetic analyses have resulted in the identification of more than 70 different genes, located at the breakpoints of ALL-associated structural chromosomal abnormalities, that are causally implicated in the leukemogenic process. Hence, the genetic studies have also improved our understanding of the mechanisms of leukemogenesis. However, the almost staggering amount of cytogenetic information presently available has made it increasingly difficult to obtain a general overview of the clinical and biological importance of karyotypic patterns in ALL. Here, we summarize and review the cytogenetic features of childhood and adult ALL, with emphasis on their molecular genetic consequences and their clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertil Johansson
- Deaprtment of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.
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22
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Lee-Jones L, Ramsahoye B, Booth M, Thompson P, Whittaker J, Hoy T. Characterization of psu dic(6;5)(p21.3;q13) with reverse chromosome painting in a patient with secondary myelodysplastic syndrome following treatment for multiple myeloma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 148:49-54. [PMID: 14697641 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a psu dic(6;5)(p21.3;q13) in a patient with secondary myelodysplastic syndrome (sMDS) following treatment for multiple myeloma. The abnormal chromosome was isolated by flow karyotyping and initially identified by reverse chromosome painting. The findings were then confirmed by forward painting. The value of flow karyotyping as a diagnostic technique in hematologic malignancies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lee-Jones
- Tumour Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
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Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Charrin C. [Cytogenetic abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PATHOLOGIE-BIOLOGIE 2003; 51:329-36. [PMID: 12927890 DOI: 10.1016/s0369-8114(03)00112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) represent malignant clonal proliferations of stem cells committed in lymphoid differentiation, B or T-cell ALL. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities are found in 80% children and 70% adult cases. They are associated with an independent prognostic value which modifies the therapeutic approach and therefore karyotyping at diagnosis is mandatory. Molecular techniques such as FISH and RT-PCR are very helpful too as cryptic chromosomal abnormalities have been described. In this review, numerical and structural abnormalities are described: frequency, diagnosis and prognosis value as well as genes involved in structural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lafage-Pochitaloff
- Département de biopathologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, Inserm U119 et Université de la Méditerranée, France.
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