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Ponticelli C, Reggiani F, Moroni G. Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplant: Risk Factors, Consequences and Prevention Strategies. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101557. [PMID: 36294695 PMCID: PMC9605016 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Delayed graft function is a frequent complication of kidney transplantation that requires dialysis in the first week posttransplant. Materials and Methods. We searched for the most relevant articles in the National Institutes of Health library of medicine, as well as in transplantation, pharmacologic, and nephrological journals. Results. The main factors that may influence the development of delayed graft function (DGF) are ischemia–reperfusion injury, the source and the quality of the donated kidney, and the clinical management of the recipient. The pathophysiology of ischemia–reperfusion injury is complex and involves kidney hypoxia related to the duration of warm and cold ischemia, as well as the harmful effects of blood reperfusion on tubular epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Ischemia–reperfusion injury is more frequent and severe in kidneys from deceased donors than in those from living donors. Of great importance is the quality and function of the donated kidney. Kidneys from living donors and those with normal function can provide better results. In the peri-operative management of the recipient, great attention should be paid to hemodynamic stability and blood pressure; nephrotoxic medicaments should be avoided. Over time, patients with DGF may present lower graft function and survival compared to transplant recipients without DGF. Maladaptation repair, mitochondrial dysfunction, and acute rejection may explain the worse long-term outcome in patients with DGF. Many different strategies meant to prevent DGF have been evaluated, but only prolonged perfusion of dopamine and hypothermic machine perfusion have proven to be of some benefit. Whenever possible, a preemptive transplant from living donor should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriella Moroni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy
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2
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Tubular Cell Dropout in Preimplantation Deceased Donor Biopsies as a Predictor of Delayed Graft Function. Transplant Direct 2021; 7:e716. [PMID: 34476295 PMCID: PMC8384397 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background. Delayed graft function (DGF) affects over 25% of deceased donor kidney transplants (DDKTs) and is associated with increased cost, worsened graft outcomes, and mortality. While approaches to preventing DGF have focused on minimizing cold ischemia, donor factors such as acute tubular injury can influence risk. There are currently no pharmacologic therapies to modify DGF risk or promote repair, in part due to our incomplete understanding of the biology of preimplantation tubular injury. Methods. We collected intraoperative, preimplantation kidney biopsies from 11 high-risk deceased donors and 10 living donors and followed transplant recipients for graft function. We performed quantitative high-dimensional histopathologic analysis using imaging mass cytometry to determine the cellular signatures that distinguished deceased and living donor biopsies as well as deceased donor biopsies which either did or did not progress to DGF. Results. We noted decreased tubular cells (P < 0.0001) and increased macrophage infiltration (P = 0.0037) in high-risk DDKT compared with living donor biopsies. For those high-risk DDKTs that developed postimplant DGF (n = 6), quantitative imaging mass cytometry analysis showed a trend toward reduced tubular cells (P = 0.02) and increased stromal cells (P = 0.04) versus those that did not (n = 5). Notably, these differences were not identified by conventional histopathologic evaluation. Conclusions. The current study identifies donor tubular cell loss as a precursor of DGF pathogenesis and highlights an area for further investigation and potential therapeutic intervention.
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3
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Jansen MPB, Pulskens WPC, Uil M, Claessen N, Nieuwenhuizen G, Standaar D, Hau CM, Nieuwland R, Florquin S, Bemelman FJ, Leemans JC, Roelofs JJTH. Urinary mitochondrial DNA associates with delayed graft function following renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:1320-1327. [PMID: 30590723 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is an important determinant of delayed graft function (DGF) affecting allograft function. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is released upon cell death and platelet activation into the extracellular environment and has been suggested to be a biomarker in several diseases. Whether extracellular mtDNA accumulates in plasma and/or urine upon renal IR and predisposes DGF is unknown. METHODS C57BL/6J wild-type mice were subjected to renal IR. In addition, an observational case-control study was set up enrolling 43 patients who underwent kidney transplantation. One day post-IR in mice and a few days following renal transplantation in human, blood and urine were collected. Patients were stratified into DGF and non-DGF groups. RESULTS mtDNA-encoded genes accumulate in urine and plasma in both mice subjected to renal IR injury and in humans following renal transplantation. In human renal transplant recipients, cold ischaemia time and renal function correlate with urinary mtDNA levels. Urinary mtDNA levels but not urinary nuclear DNA levels were significantly higher in the DGF group compared with the non-DGF group. Multiple receiver operating characteristic curves revealed significant diagnostic performance for mtDNA-encoded genes cytochrome c oxidase III (COXIII); nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen subunit 1 (NADH-deh); mitochondrially encoded, mitochondrially encoded nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 2 (MT-ND2) with an area under the curve of, respectively, 0.71 [P = 0.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54-0.89], 0.75 (P = 0.01; 95% CI 0.58-0.91) and 0.74 (P = 0.02; 95% CI 0.58-0.89). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that renal ischaemia time determines the level of mtDNA accumulation in urine, which associates with renal allograft function and the diagnosis of DGF following renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel P B Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco P C Pulskens
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Uil
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrie Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Standaar
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chi M Hau
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaklien C Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Parajuli S, Muth BL, Astor BC, Redfield RR, Mandelbrot DA, Odorico JS, Djamali A, Kaufman DB. Delayed kidney graft function in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients is associated with early pancreas allograft failure. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2822-2831. [PMID: 32306520 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) is a common complication associated with significant untoward effects in kidney-alone transplantation. The incidence and outcomes following kidney delayed graft function (K-DGF) among patients undergoing simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation are less certain. We analyzed SPK recipients transplanted at our center between January 1994 and December 2017. A total of 632 recipients fulfilled the selection criteria, including 69 (11%) with K-DGF and 563 without. The incidence of K-DGF was significantly higher in recipients of organs from older donors and donation after circulatory death (DCD). The presence of K-DGF was significantly associated with an increased risk of pancreas graft failure during the first 90 days (n = 9, incidence rate [IR] 2.45/100 person-months), but not with late pancreas failure (n = 32, IR 0.84/100 person-months), kidney graft failure, or patient death. Although DCD was associated with K-DGF, it was not associated with either pancreas (hazard ratio [HR] 0.91, 95% CI 0.58-1.44, P = .69) or kidney (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.66-1.82, P = .74) graft failure after adjustment for potential confounders. We found K-DGF to be a significant risk factor for pancreas graft failure but not kidney graft failure, with the major risk period being early (<90 days) posttransplant, and the major donor risk factor being older donor age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh Parajuli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brenda L Muth
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brad C Astor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Robert R Redfield
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Didier A Mandelbrot
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jon S Odorico
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Arjang Djamali
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dixon B Kaufman
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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5
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Robot-Assisted versus Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy: A Comparison of 250 Cases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061610. [PMID: 32466503 PMCID: PMC7355615 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Living kidney donation is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease, however, the best surgical approach for minimally-invasive donor nephrectomy (DN) is still a matter of debate. This bi-centric study aimed to retrospectively compare perioperative outcomes and postoperative kidney function after 257 transperitoneal DNs including 52 robot-assisted (RDN) and 205 laparoscopic DNs (LDN). As primary outcomes, the intraoperative (operating time, warm ischemia time (WIT), major complications) and postoperative (length of stay, complications) results were compared. As secondary outcomes, postoperative kidney and graft function were analyzed including delayed graft function (DGF) rates, and the impact of the surgical approach was assessed. Overall, the type of minimally-invasive donor nephrectomy (RDN vs. LDN) did not affect primary outcomes, especially not operating time and WIT; and major complication and DGF rates were low in both groups. A history of smoking and preoperative kidney function, but not the surgical approach, were predictive for postoperative serum creatinine of the donor and recipient. To conclude, RDN and LDN have equivalent perioperative results in experienced centers. For this reason, not the surgical approach, but rather the graft- (preoperative kidney function) and patient-specific (history of smoking) aspects impacted postoperative kidney function.
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6
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Jeong ES, Lee KW, Kim SJ, Yoo HJ, Kim KA, Park JB. Comparison of clinical outcomes of deceased donor kidney transplantations, with a focus on three induction therapies. KOREAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2019; 33:118-127. [PMID: 35769973 PMCID: PMC9188948 DOI: 10.4285/jkstn.2019.33.4.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sung Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Yoo
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung A Kim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Wewers TM, Mayer AB, Pfleiderer A, Beul K, Schmidt R, Heitplatz B, Van Marck V, Nolte I, Pavenstädt H, Reuter S, Brand M, Di Marco GS. Increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 after ischemia reperfusion contributes to adverse clinical outcomes following kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1091-1102. [PMID: 30824181 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) adversely affects clinical outcomes following kidney transplantation. Understanding the cellular mechanisms and the changes in gene/protein expression following IRI may help to improve these outcomes. Serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), a circulating antiangiogenic protein, is increased in the first week following kidney transplantation. We evaluated the casual relationship of elevated sFlt-1 levels with renal microvascular dysfunction following IRI in a longitudinal study of 93 kidney transplant recipients and in several animal models. Transplant recipients with higher sFlt-1 levels had higher odds of delayed graft function, graft rejection, impaired graft function, and death. In a subgroup of 25 participants who underwent kidney biopsy within 4 months of kidney transplantation, peritubular capillary area was lower in those with elevated serum sFtl-1 levels. The administration of recombinant sFlt-1 into rodents resulted in significant structural and functional changes of the renal microvasculature, including reduced peritubular capillary density and intracapillary blood volume, and lead to increased expression of inflammatory genes and increased fibrosis. In a murine model of IRI, the kidney was a site of sFlt-1 production, and systemic neutralization of sFlt-1 preserved peritubular capillary density and alleviated renal fibrosis. Our data indicate that high sFlt-1 levels after IRI play an important role in the pathogenesis of microvascular dysfunction, thereby contributing to adverse clinical outcomes following kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Wewers
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna B Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfleiderer
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Beul
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rene Schmidt
- Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara Heitplatz
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Veerle Van Marck
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Reuter
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Brand
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Giovana S Di Marco
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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8
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Do Anatomical Anomalies Affect the Results of Living Donor Kidney Transplantation? Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1669-1673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Chiodini B, Herman J, Lolin K, Adams B, Hennaut E, Lingier P, Mikhalski D, Schurmans T, Knops N, Wissing KM, Abramowicz D, Ismaili K. Outcomes of kidney transplantations in children weighing 15 kilograms or less: a retrospective cohort study. Transpl Int 2018; 31:720-728. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Chiodini
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants - Reine Fabiola; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Jean Herman
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Solid Organ Transplantation; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Ksenija Lolin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants - Reine Fabiola; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Brigitte Adams
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants - Reine Fabiola; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Elise Hennaut
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants - Reine Fabiola; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Pierre Lingier
- Renal transplant Unit; Erasme Hospital; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Dimitri Mikhalski
- Renal transplant Unit; Erasme Hospital; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Thierry Schurmans
- Department of Pediatrics; Hôpital Universitaire Civil Marie Curie; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Charleroi Belgium
| | - Noël Knops
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Solid Organ Transplantation; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Karl M. Wissing
- Department of Nephrology; UZ Brussel-VUB; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Daniel Abramowicz
- Department of Nephrology; Antwerp University Hospital and Antwerp University; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Khalid Ismaili
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants - Reine Fabiola; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
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10
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The recovery status from delayed graft function can predict long-term outcome after deceased donor kidney transplantation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13725. [PMID: 29057921 PMCID: PMC5651849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of delayed graft function (DGF) recovery on long-term graft outcome is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association of DGF recovery status with long-term outcome. We analyzed 385 recipients who underwent single kidney transplantation from brain-dead donors between 2004 and 2015. Patients were grouped according to renal function at 1 month post-transplantation: control (without DGF); recovered DGF (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2); and incompletely recovered DGF group (GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). DGF occurred in 104 of 385 (27%) recipients. Of the DGF patients, 70 recovered from DGF and 34 incompletely recovered from DGF. Death-censored graft survival rates for control, recovered DGF, and incompletely recovered DGF groups were 95.3%, 94.7%, and 80.7%, respectively, at 5 years post-transplantation (P = 0.003). Incompletely recovered DGF was an independent risk factor for death-censored graft loss (HR = 3.410, 95%CI, 1.114-10.437). DGF was associated with increased risk for patient death regardless of DGF recovery status. Mean GFRs at 5 years were 65.5 ± 20.8, 62.2 ± 27.0, and 45.8 ± 15.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 for control, recovered, and incompletely recovered DGF groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Control group and recovered DGF patients had similar renal outcomes. However, DGF was associated with increased risk for patient death regardless of DGF recovery status.
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11
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Familial Mediterranean Fever Is Associated With Increased Mortality After Kidney Transplantation—A 19 Years' Single Center Experience. Transplantation 2017; 101:2621-2626. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Willicombe M, Rizzello A, Goodall D, Papalois V, McLean AG, Taube D. Risk factors and outcomes of delayed graft function in renal transplant recipients receiving a steroid sparing immunosuppression protocol. World J Transplant 2017; 7:34-42. [PMID: 28280693 PMCID: PMC5324026 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v7.i1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyse the risk factors and outcomes of delayed graft function (DGF) in patients receiving a steroid sparing protocol.
METHODS Four hundred and twenty-seven recipients of deceased donor kidney transplants were studied of which 135 (31.6%) experienced DGF. All patients received monoclonal antibody induction with a tacrolimus based, steroid sparing immunosuppression protocol.
RESULTS Five year patient survival was 87.2% and 94.9% in the DGF and primary graft function (PGF) group respectively, P = 0.047. Allograft survival was 77.9% and 90.2% in the DGF and PGF group respectively, P < 0.001. Overall rejection free survival was no different between the DGF and PGF groups with a 1 and 5 year rejection free survival in the DGF group of 77.7% and 67.8% compared with 81.3% and 75.3% in the PGF group, P = 0.19. Patients with DGF who received IL2 receptor antibody induction were at significantly higher risk of rejection in the early post-transplant period than the group with DGF who received alemtuzumab induction. On multivariate analysis, risk factors for DGF were male recipients, recipients of black ethnicity, circulatory death donation, preformed DSA, increasing cold ischaemic time, older donor age and dialysis vintage.
CONCLUSION Alemtuzumab induction may be of benefit in preventing early rejection episodes associated with DGF. Prospective trials are required to determine optimal immunotherapy protocols for patients at high risk of DGF.
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13
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Krishnan AR, Wong G, Chapman JR, Coates PT, Russ GR, Pleass H, Russell C, He B, Lim WH. Prolonged Ischemic Time, Delayed Graft Function, and Graft and Patient Outcomes in Live Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2714-23. [PMID: 27037866 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The association between prolonged cold ischemic time (CIT) and graft and patient outcomes in live donor kidney transplant recipients remains unclear. The aims of this study were to examine the association of CIT with delayed graft function and graft loss in live donor kidney transplant recipients and those who participated in the Australian Paired Kidney Exchange program using data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) registry. Of 3717 live donor transplant recipients between 1997 and 2012 who were followed for a median of 6.6 years (25 977 person-years), 224 (25%) experienced CIT >4-8 h. Donor age was an effect modifier between CIT and graft outcomes. In recipients who received kidneys from older donors aged >50 years, every hour of increase in CIT was associated with adjusted odds of 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.53, p = 0.007) for delayed graft function, whereas CIT >4-8 h was associated with adjusted hazards of 1.93 (95% CI 1.21-3.09, p = 0.006) and 1.91 (95% CI 1.05-3.49, p = 0.035) for overall and death-censored graft loss, respectively, compared with CIT of 1-2 h. Attempts to reduce CIT in live donor kidney transplants involving older donor kidneys may lead to improvement of graft outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Krishnan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - G Wong
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J R Chapman
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P T Coates
- Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, South Australia, Australia
| | - G R Russ
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, South Australia, Australia.,Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, South Australia, Australia
| | - H Pleass
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Russell
- Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, South Australia, Australia
| | - B He
- Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - W H Lim
- Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Western Australia, Australia.,Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, South Australia, Australia
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14
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Muth BL, Astor BC, Turk J, Mohamed M, Parajuli S, Kaufman DB, Mandelbrot DA, Djamali A. Outpatient Management of Delayed Graft Function Is Associated With Reduced Length of Stay Without an Increase in Adverse Events. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1604-11. [PMID: 26700736 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) is a common and costly complication of kidney transplantation. In July 2011, we established a multidisciplinary DGF clinic managed by nurse practitioners to facilitate early discharge and intensive management of DGF in the outpatient setting. We compared length of stay, 30-day readmission, acute rejection, and patient/graft survival in 697 consecutive deceased donor kidney transplantations performed between July 2009 and July 2014. Patients were divided into three groups: no DGF (n = 487), DGF before implementation of the DGF clinic (n = 118), and DGF clinic (n = 92). Baseline characteristics including age, gender, panel reactive antibody, retransplantation rates, HLA mismatches, induction, and maintenance immunosuppression were not significantly different between pre- and post-DGF clinic groups. Length of stay was significantly longer in pre-DGF clinic (10.9 ± 6.2 vs. 6.1 ± 2.1 days, p < 0.001). Thirty-day readmission (21% vs. 16%), graft loss (7% vs. 20%), and patient death (2% vs. 11%) did not differ significantly between pre- and post-DGF clinic. Patients in the DGF clinic were less likely to develop acute rejection (21% vs. 40%, p = 0.006). Outpatient management of DGF in a specialized clinic is associated with substantially shorter hospitalization and lower incidence of acute rejection without significant difference in 30-day readmission or patient and graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Muth
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - B C Astor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - J Turk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - M Mohamed
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - S Parajuli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - D B Kaufman
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - D A Mandelbrot
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - A Djamali
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.,Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
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15
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Pisarski P, Schleicher C, Hauser I, Becker JU. German recommendations for pretransplantation donor kidney biopsies. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2016; 401:133-40. [PMID: 26994917 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-016-1384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This manuscript reviews the data about the histopathologic and develops recommendations to standardise and improve the biopsy procedure, the biopsy handling, the histopathological evaluation, the communication of results and the collection of data from pretransplantation kidney biopsies of deceased donors in Germany. METHODS The recommendations are based on this literature review, on discussions at two workshops held by the German Society of Pathology and the German Organ Transplantation Foundation and on personal experiences of the authors. RESULTS These German recommendations advocate the use of punch biopsies, paraffin embedding and detailed descriptive reporting of histopathological findings. CONCLUSIONS These recommendations constitute only a starting point. Periodical revisions will help to simplify and optimise the recommendations with the ultimate goal to prospectively gather data for the elaboration of a computer-based algorithm that allows the exact prediction of transplantation outcome for a given match of donor and recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslav Pisarski
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ingeborg Hauser
- Medical Clinic III, Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan U Becker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
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17
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18
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Kidneys from Older Living Donors Provide Excellent Short and Intermediate Outcomes--A Single China Center's Experience. Transplantation 2015; 99:e81-8. [PMID: 26308304 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation with kidneys from older living donors is on the rise, yet controversy still exists over whether the outcomes are as satisfactory as with kidneys from younger donors. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 1009 living donor kidney transplants performed at our center between 2006 and 2013. Graft and patient outcomes were compared between transplants with kidneys from old living donors (OLD, 55-65 years) (n = 264) and from young living donors (YLD, <55 years) (n = 745). RESULTS The age was 32.80 ± 9.71 years and 33.91 ± 5.98 years for recipient in YLD and OLD group, respectively. Death-censored graft survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 98.8%, 97.1%, and 95.8% in patients receiving YLD kidneys, similar to the corresponding values of 97.6%, 95.5% and 95.5% in patients receiving OLD kidneys (P = 0.356). Patient survival at 1, 3, and 5 years after transplantation was also similar for patients receiving YLD kidneys (98.5%, 97.1%, and 96.7%) and for patients receiving OLD kidneys (99.6%, 99.6%, and 96.8%; P = 0.110). The OLD kidneys were not associated with increased risk of death-censored graft failure (hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 11.11) and patient death (hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 3.73). In addition, there is no increased graft loss or patient death for each 10-year increase in donor age. Transplantation with OLD kidneys was not associated with reduced patient or graft outcomes in the short term (≤ 12 months) or medium term (>1 year). CONCLUSIONS Graft and patient outcomes after living-donor kidney transplantation are similar in the short-term and medium-term for donors aged 55 to 65 years and for younger donors. Therefore, the use of OLD kidneys should be encouraged in China.
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Delayed graft function and the risk of acute rejection in the modern era of kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 2015; 88:851-8. [PMID: 26108067 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) is commonly considered a risk factor for acute rejection, although this finding has not been uniformly observed across all studies. The link between DGF and acute rejection may have changed over time due to advances in immunosuppression and medical management. Here we conducted a cohort study of 645 patients over 12 years to evaluate the association of DGF and biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) in a modern cohort of kidney transplant recipients. DGF was defined as the need for at least one dialysis session in the first week after kidney transplantation. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative probabilities of BPAR were 16.0, 21.8, and 22.6% in the DGF group, significantly different from the 10.1, 12.4, and 15.7% in the non-DGF group. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, the adjusted relative hazard for BPAR in DGF (vs. no DGF) was 1.55 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 2.32). This association was generally robust to different definitions of DGF. The relative hazard was also similarly elevated for T-cell- or antibody-mediated BPAR (1.52 (0.92, 2.51) and 1.54 (0.85, 2.77), respectively). Finally, the association was consistent across clinically relevant subgroups. Thus DGF remains an important risk factor for BPAR in a contemporary cohort of kidney transplant recipients. Interventions to reduce the risk of DGF and/or its aftereffects remain of paramount importance to improve kidney transplant outcomes.
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Fonseca I, Teixeira L, Malheiro J, Martins LS, Dias L, Castro Henriques A, Mendonça D. The effect of delayed graft function on graft and patient survival in kidney transplantation: an approach using competing events analysis. Transpl Int 2015; 28:738-50. [PMID: 25689397 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In kidney transplantation, the impact of delayed graft function (DGF) on long-term graft and patient survival is controversial. We examined the impact of DGF on graft and recipient survival by accounting for the possibility that death with graft function may act as a competing risk for allograft failure. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We used data from 1281 adult primary deceased-donor kidney recipients whose allografts functioned at least 1 year. RESULTS The probability of graft loss occurrence is overestimated using the complement of Kaplan-Meier estimates (1-KM). Both the cause-specific Cox proportional hazard regression model (standard Cox) and the subdistribution hazard regression model proposed by Fine and Gray showed that DGF was associated with shorter time to graft failure (csHR = 2.0, P = 0.002; sHR = 1.57, P = 0.009), independent of acute rejection (AR) and after adjusting for traditional factors associated with graft failure. Regarding patient survival, DGF was a predictor of patient death using the cause-specific Cox model (csHR = 1.57, P = 0.029) but not using the subdistribution model. CONCLUSIONS The probability of graft loss from competing end points should not be reported with the 1-KM. Application of a regression model for subdistribution hazard showed that, independent of AR, DGF has a detrimental effect on long-term graft survival, but not on patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fonseca
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine (UMIB), Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Teixeira
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Population Studies, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Malheiro
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine (UMIB), Porto, Portugal
| | - La Salete Martins
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine (UMIB), Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonídio Dias
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Castro Henriques
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine (UMIB), Porto, Portugal
| | - Denisa Mendonça
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Population Studies, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Eid L, Tuchman S, Moudgil A. Late acute rejection: incidence, risk factors, and effect on graft survival and function. Pediatr Transplant 2014; 18:155-62. [PMID: 24372967 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-term graft survival and function has not kept pace with short-term success in kidney transplant (Tx) recipients. LAR ≥6 months post-Tx may contribute to lack of improvement; risk factors for LAR are not well known. Of 64 Tx recipients followed over six yr, 23 (35.9%) had LAR (LAR group) and 41 had no LAR (no LAR group). Of all variables, significant risk factors for LAR included DGF, (43.4% LAR vs. 14.6% in no LAR group, p = 0.0096); de novo DSA (65.2% vs. 26.8%, p = 0.003); mean COV% of TAC (41.8% vs. 34.6%, p = 0.03); and non-adherence (34.8% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.0043). DGF and DSA remained statistically significant (p = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively); COV% TAC had borderline significance (p = 0.057), and non-adherence was not significant on multivariate regression analysis. Patients with LAR had inferior graft survival and function, whereas graft function was stable in the no LAR group over a mean follow-up of 31.2 months. Patients with de novo DSA and DGF should be considered at risk of LAR; an early diagnosis and treatment of LAR may improve graft survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loai Eid
- Department of Nephrology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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22
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Fuquay R, Renner B, Kulik L, McCullough JW, Amura C, Strassheim D, Pelanda R, Torres R, Thurman JM. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury amplifies the humoral immune response. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1063-72. [PMID: 23641055 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012060560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal transplant recipients who experience delayed graft function have increased risks of rejection and long-term graft failure. Ischemic damage is the most common cause of delayed graft function, and although it is known that tissue inflammation accompanies renal ischemia, it is unknown whether renal ischemia affects the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes, which may lead to chronic humoral rejection and allograft failure. Here, mice immunized with a foreign antigen 24-96 hours after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury developed increased levels of antigen-specific IgG1 compared with sham-treated controls. This amplified IgG1 response did not follow unilateral ischemia, and it did not occur in response to a T-independent antigen. To test whether innate immune activation in the kidney after ischemia affects the systemic immune response to antigen, we repeated the immunization experiment using mice deficient in factor B that lack a functional alternative pathway of complement. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury did not cause amplification of the antigen-specific antibodies in these mice, suggesting that the increased immune response requires a functional alternative pathway of complement. Taken together, these data suggest that ischemic renal injury leads to a rise in antibody production, which may be harmful to renal allografts, possibly explaining a mechanism underlying the link between delayed graft function and long-term allograft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fuquay
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Health Science Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Goldfarb-Rumyantzev AS, Yoon JH, Patibandla BK, Narra A, Sandhu GS, DeSilva R. The role of initial hemodialysis vascular access in the outcome of subsequent kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2012; 27:210-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joo Heung Yoon
- Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
| | - Bhanu K. Patibandla
- Division of Nephrology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
| | - Akshita Narra
- Division of Nephrology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
| | - Gurprataap S. Sandhu
- Division of Nephrology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
| | - Ranil DeSilva
- Division of Nephrology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
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24
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Chen G, Gu J, Qiu J, Wang C, Fei J, Deng S, Li J, Huang G, Fu Q, Chen L. Efficacy and safety of thymoglobulin and basiliximab in kidney transplant patients at high risk for acute rejection and delayed graft function. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2012; 11:310-4. [PMID: 23121641 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2012.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of thymoglobulin compared with basiliximab in patients who had kidney transplants and are at high risk for acute rejection and delayed graft function. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of patients who had 1 or more risk factors for acute rejection and delayed graft function and who were given either thymoglobulin or basiliximab for induction therapy. Incidences of acute rejection, antibody-treated acute rejection, delayed graft function, chronic rejection, cancer, infection, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia were compared between thymoglobulin and basiliximab groups. Serum creatinine levels within 1 year and long-term graft and patient survival also were compared. RESULTS A total of 327 patients were included. Incidences of acute rejection, antibody-treated acute rejection, delayed graft function, and chronic rejection were significantly lower in the thymoglobulin group than in the basiliximab group (P < .05). Serum creatinine levels were lower in the thymoglobulin group on postoperative days 7, 14, and 30 (P < .05). There were no statistically significant differences regarding long-term graft and patient survival, cancer, or total infection rate between the groups. Incidences of Cytomegalovirus infection, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia were significantly higher in the thymoglobulin group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Thymoglobulin may improve short-term outcomes, compared with basiliximab, in patients who had kidney transplants and are at high risk for acute rejection and delayed graft function. However, long-term outcomes are similar with thymoglobulin and basiliximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Association of pre-transplant statin use with delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients. BMC Nephrol 2012; 13:111. [PMID: 22985048 PMCID: PMC3507677 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-13-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), prior to ischemia or prior to reperfusion has been shown to decrease ischemia-reperfusion renal injury in animal studies. It is unknown whether this protective effect is applicable to renal transplantation in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between prior statin use in renal transplant recipients and the subsequent risk of delayed graft function. Methods All patients who underwent deceased or living donor renal transplantation at the Princess Alexandra Hospital between 1 July 2008 and 1 August 2010 were included in this retrospective, observational cohort study. Graft function was classified as immediate graft function (IGF), dialysis-requiring (D-DGF) and non-dialysis-requiring (ND-DGF) delayed graft function. The independent predictors of graft function were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for donor characteristics, recipient characteristics, HLA mismatch and ischaemic times. Results Overall, of the 266 renal transplant recipients, 21% exhibited D-DGF, 39% had ND-DGF and 40% had IGF. Statin use prior to renal transplantation was not significantly associated with the risk of D-DGF (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.05, 95% CI 0.96 – 1.15, P = 0.28). This finding was not altered when D-DGF and ND-DGF were pooled together (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.89-1.06, p = 0.56). Conclusions The present study did not show a significant, independent association between prior statin use in kidney transplant recipients and the occurrence of delayed graft function.
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Oh YI, Yang EJ, Choi SM, Kang CW. The Effect of Electroacupuncture on Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Oxidative Stress in an Animal Model of Renal Failure-Induced Hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 35:634-43. [DOI: 10.1159/000339640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sureshkumar KK, Marcus RJ. Does delayed graft function in the first kidney transplant influence graft outcome in a subsequent transplant? Transplant Proc 2011; 43:2499-501. [PMID: 21911112 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In kidney transplantation, delayed graft function (DGF) portends adverse graft and patient outcomes. It is unclear whether DGF in the first kidney transplant would adversely impact the outcome of a subsequent transplant. METHODS Utilizing data from the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network, we identified patients ≥ 18 years of age who underwent at least two deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT) between 1987 and 2010. Patients were then divided into two groups based on whether or not they developed DGF in the first transplant (1st TXP DGF group and 1st TXP no-DGF group). Unadjusted and adjusted graft survivals (Cox regression) between the groups were compared. RESULTS A total of 10,628 patients were identified who received more than one DDKT (3672 patients in the 1st TXP DGF group and 6956 patients in the 1st TXP no-DGF group). A higher incidence of DGF was observed with the second transplant in patients who had DGF in the first transplant (34% vs 26%, P = .001). Unadjusted graft survival for the second transplant was superior in the 1st TXP no-DGF group (P = .002). After correction for confounding variables, DGF in the first transplant did not have significant adverse impact on the graft survival of the second transplant (hazard ratio 1.2 with 95% confidence interval 0.96-1.09, P = .44). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing more than one DDKT, DGF in the first transplant is associated with higher incidence of DGF in the subsequent transplant but did not have independent adverse influence on the outcome of that graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sureshkumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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29
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Molnar MZ, Kovesdy CP, Bunnapradist S, Streja E, Mehrotra R, Krishnan M, Nissenson AR, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Associations of pretransplant serum albumin with post-transplant outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:1006-15. [PMID: 21449945 PMCID: PMC3083471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The association between pretransplant serum albumin concentration and post-transplant outcomes in kidney transplant recipients is unclear. We hypothesized that in transplant-waitlisted hemodialysis patients, lower serum albumin concentrations are associated with worse post-transplant outcomes. Linking the 5-year patient data of a large dialysis organization (DaVita) to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we identified 8961 hemodialysis patients who underwent first kidney transplantation. Mortality or graft failure and delayed graft function (DGF) risks were estimated by Cox regression (hazard ratio [HR]) and logistic regression (Odds ratio [OR]), respectively. Patients were 48 ± 13 years old and included 37% women and 27% diabetics. The higher pretransplant serum albumin was associated with lower mortality, graft failure and DGF risk even after multivariate adjustment for case-mix, malnutrition-inflammation complex and transplant related variable. Every 0.2 g/dL higher pretransplant serum albumin concentration was associated with 13% lower all-cause mortality (HR = 0.87 [95% confidence interval: 0.82-0.93]), 17% lower cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.83[0.74-0.93]), 7% lower combined risk of death or graft failure (HR = 0.93[0.89-0.97]) and 4% lower DGF risk (OR = 0.96[0.93-0.99]). Hence, lower pretransplant serum albumin level is associated with worse post-transplant outcomes. Clinical trials to examine interventions to improve nutritional status in transplant-waitlisted hemodialysis patients and their impacts on post-transplant outcomes are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Z Molnar
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research & Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA,Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Salem VA Medical Center, Salem, VA, USA,Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Elani Streja
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research & Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA,Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rajnish Mehrotra
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research & Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mahesh Krishnan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,DaVita, Inc, Denver, Colorado
| | - Allen R Nissenson
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,DaVita, Inc, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research & Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
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