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Chow L, Flaherty E, Pezzanite L, Williams M, Dow S, Wotman K. Impact of Equine Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia on Interactions between Ocular Transcriptome and Microbiome. Vet Sci 2024; 11:167. [PMID: 38668434 PMCID: PMC11054121 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) represents the most common conjunctival tumor in horses and frequently results in vision loss and surgical removal of the affected globe. Multiple etiologic factors have been identified as contributing to OSSN progression, including solar radiation exposure, genetic mutations, and a lack of periocular pigmentation. Response to conventional treatments has been highly variable, though our recent work indicates that these tumors are highly responsive to local immunotherapy. In the present study, we extended our investigation of OSSN in horses to better understand how the ocular transcriptome responds to the presence of the tumor and how the ocular surface microbiome may also be altered by the presence of cancer. Therefore, we collected swabs from the ventral conjunctival fornix from 22 eyes in this study (11 with cytologically or histologically confirmed OSSN and 11 healthy eyes from the same horses) and performed RNA sequencing and 16S microbial sequencing using the same samples. Microbial 16s DNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing were both conducted using an Illumina-based platform. In eyes with OSSN, we observed significantly upregulated expression of genes and pathways associated with inflammation, particularly interferon. Microbial diversity was significantly reduced in conjunctival swabs from horses with OSSN. We also performed interactome analysis and found that three bacterial taxa (Actinobacillus, Helcococcus and Parvimona) had significant correlations with more than 100 upregulated genes in samples from animals with OSSN. These findings highlight the inflammatory nature of OSSN in horses and provide important new insights into how the host ocular surface interacts with certain microbial populations. These findings suggest new strategies for the management of OSSN in horses, which may entail immunotherapy in combination with ocular surface probiotics or prebiotics to help normalize ocular cell and microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Edward Flaherty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Lynn Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Maggie Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kathryn Wotman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
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Tuomisto L, Virtanen J, Kegler K, Levanov L, Sukura A, Sironen T, Kareskoski M. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)-associated benign penile lesions and squamous cell carcinomas. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1342. [PMID: 38227707 PMCID: PMC10790322 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common genital, ocular and gastric tumour in horses. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) DNA has been detected in several studies in equine penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and precursor lesions providing evidence of a causal role of EcPV2 in equine genital SCCs. Recently, EcPV2 E6/E7 nucleic acids were also detected in equine gastric SCCs, but further studies are required to determine the role of EcPV2 infection in the pathogenesis of gastric SCC. EcPV2 nucleic acids have been rarely described in ocular SCCs and precursor lesions. OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence of EcPV2 nucleic acids with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridisation (ISH) in penile hyperplasias, papillomas and SCCs in horses and to determine whether EcPV2 nucleic acids can be detected in SCCs affecting other locations, including the stomach, ocular tissues and larynx. METHODS Twenty-one archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, including 12 genital lesions comprising penile hyperplasias, papillomas and SCCs, 6 ocular SCCs, 2 gastric SCCs and 1 laryngeal SCC, were screened by PCR and ISH for EcPV2 E6/E7 DNA and mRNA. Archival FFPE tissue samples (eyelid and penile mucosa and preputium) from six horses without a diagnosis or history of neoplastic or papillomavirus-associated disease were included as controls. RESULTS EcPV2 nucleic acids were detected by PCR and ISH in all genital lesions (12/12) and gastric SCCs (2/2), in two ocular SCCs (2/6) and in one laryngeal SCC (1/1). In control horses, one eyelid sample was positive in PCR but not in ISH. The remaining control samples were negative for EcPV2 E6/E7 nucleic acids in PCR and ISH. CONCLUSIONS These results further support the role of EcPV2 infection in the development of equine genital SCCs and suggest that EcPV2 infection may also act as a predisposing factor for other SCCs in horses, including gastric, ocular and laryngeal SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tuomisto
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jenni Virtanen
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of VirologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kristel Kegler
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lev Levanov
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of VirologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Antti Sukura
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of VirologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maria Kareskoski
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Production Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Wotman KL, Chow L, Martabano B, Pezzanite LM, Dow S. Novel ocular immunotherapy induces tumor regression in an equine model of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:1185-1198. [PMID: 36367558 PMCID: PMC10992022 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the major cause of corneal cancer in man and horses worldwide, and the prevalence of OSSN is increasing due to greater UVB exposure globally. Currently, there are no approved treatments for OSSN in either species, and most patients are managed with surgical excision or off-label treatment with locally injected interferon alpha, or topically applied cytotoxic drugs such as mitomycin C. A more broadly effective and readily applied immunotherapy could exert a significant impact on management of OSSN worldwide. We therefore evaluated the effectiveness of a liposomal TLR complex (LTC) immunotherapy, which previously demonstrated strong antiviral activity in multiple animal models following mucosal application, for ocular antitumor activity in a horse spontaneous OSSN model. In vitro studies demonstrated strong activation of interferon responses in horse leukocytes by LTC and suppression of OSSN cell growth and migration. In a trial of 8 horses (9 eyes), treatment with topical or perilesional LTC resulted in an overall tumor response rate of 67%, including durable regression of large OSSN tumors. Repeated treatment with LTC ocular immunotherapy was also very well tolerated clinically. We conclude therefore that ocular immunotherapy with LTC warrants further investigation as a novel approach to management of OSSN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Wotman
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Brittany Martabano
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Lynn M Pezzanite
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Steven Dow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Conti F, Poujet L, Delverdier M, Lallemand EA, Benoit J. High dose rate interstitial 192‐Ir brachytherapy for the treatment of a recurrent dermal vascular hamartoma in a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Conti
- ONCOVET Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | | | - M. Delverdier
- IHAP Université de Toulouse INRAE ENVT Toulouse France
| | - E. A. Lallemand
- InTheRes UMR1436 Université de Toulouse INRAE ENVT Toulouse France
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de Preux M, Gurtner C, Klebic I, Waschk MA, Drögemüller C, Brünisholz HP. Skeletal metastasis from a squamous cell carcinoma of the nictitating membrane in a Haflinger horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. de Preux
- Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
| | - C. Gurtner
- Institute of Animal Pathology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern BernSwitzerland
| | - I. Klebic
- Institute of Animal Pathology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern BernSwitzerland
| | - M. A. Waschk
- Division of Clinical Radiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern BernSwitzerland
| | - C. Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern BernSwitzerland
| | - H. P. Brünisholz
- Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
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Abu-Seida AM, Wafy MN, Hassan EA, Ahmed KA. Gigantic Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mixed With Fibrosarcoma in a Mare: Clinical, Laboratory, Ultrasonography and Histopathology Findings. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 102:103639. [PMID: 34119206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocular neoplasms represent 10% of all equine neoplasms and ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common one. This report describes the clinical presentation, laboratory, ultrasonography, postmortem, histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings of a mixed ocular neoplasm in a 10-year-old draft mare. The mare had a one-year history of left ocular mass. Complete destruction of the left eye with loss of vision was observed. A large ulcerated mass oozing blood replaced the left eye. Left parotid lymph node was swollen and had a sinus tract discharging pus. Ultrasonography revealed absence of all intraocular structures, several lobular echogenic tissues and several hyperechoic areas of ossification with acoustic shadowing. Color Doppler scanning revealed numerous neovascularization all over the tumor, particularly along the periphery. The neovascularization demonstrated mainly arterial with few mixed blood flow signals. The amplitude of systolic and diastolic blood flow was markedly increased. Enucleation was decided but the mare died just after examination. The ocular mass was excised and its weight was 390 g. Postmortem examination revealed no distant metastasis in all internal organs. Histopathology confirmed OSCC mixed with fibrosarcoma and associated with cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia. The neoplastic cells gave positive nuclear p53 immunoreactivity. The left parotid lymph node revealed metastasis. Despite the unsuccessful outcome in this particular case, this report documents a mixed eye neoplasm, highlights the ultrasonography and histopathology features of OSCC, and reinforces the need for early diagnosis and surgical treatment in such cases to improve the outcome and to decrease the drastic complications and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Abu-Seida
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mona N Wafy
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt
| | - Elham A Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Flores MM, Del Piero F, Habecker PL, Langohr IM. A retrospective histologic study of 140 cases of clinically significant equine ocular disorders. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:382-388. [PMID: 32207378 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720912698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular diseases are an important category in equine medicine; however, most articles regarding histologic ocular lesions in horses are exclusive to a specific condition and do not provide a complete review of clinically significant ocular disease frequency in a diagnostic laboratory. We reviewed sections of equine eyes from 140 cases (98 enucleations [biopsies] and 42 autopsies) with clinically relevant ocular alterations at 2 diagnostic centers in the United States. The most common primary conditions were non-traumatic keratitis (36), equine recurrent uveitis (ERU; 31), traumatic injuries (22), ocular and periocular neoplasms (19), and uveitis and/or endophthalmitis resulting from sepsis (18). Congenital anomalies (3) and retinal atrophy and detachment alone (3) were infrequent. Non-traumatic keratitis was frequently accompanied by anterior uveitis (22), corneal rupture (16), pre-iridal fibrovascular membrane formation (13), and secondary mycotic infection (11). ERU was the second and third most prevalent disease in autopsies and enucleations, respectively. This condition was commonly associated with glaucoma (15). Glaucoma (25) and cataract (20) were the most prevalent secondary alterations in the evaluated cases. Keratitis (20) and corneal rupture (16) were among the most prevalent consequences of trauma. Information presented herein may guide clinicians and pathologists, contributing to the early diagnosis of potentially vision-impairing conditions and raising the chances of successful treatment and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Flores
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA (Flores, Del Piero, Langohr).,Large Animal Pathology Service, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (Habecker).,Current address: Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil (Flores)
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA (Flores, Del Piero, Langohr).,Large Animal Pathology Service, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (Habecker).,Current address: Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil (Flores)
| | - Perry L Habecker
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA (Flores, Del Piero, Langohr).,Large Animal Pathology Service, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (Habecker).,Current address: Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil (Flores)
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA (Flores, Del Piero, Langohr).,Large Animal Pathology Service, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (Habecker).,Current address: Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil (Flores)
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Bogedale K, Jagannathan V, Gerber V, Unger L. Differentially expressed microRNAs, including a large microRNA cluster on chromosome 24, are associated with equine sarcoid and squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:155-164. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Bogedale
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineSwiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public HealthInstitute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineSwiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
| | - Lucia Unger
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineSwiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
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THE MANAGEMENT OF AN ORAL ANAPLASTIC SARCOMA IN A PYGMY HIPPOPOTAMUS (CHOEROPSIS LIBERIENSIS) USING INTRALESIONAL CHEMOTHERAPY. J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:260-264. [PMID: 28363073 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An adult female captive pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) was diagnosed with an oral anaplastic sarcoma. The tumor was surgically debulked and intralesional chemotherapy with mitomycin C (0.4 mg/cm3 of tumor) and cisplatin (1 mg/cm3 of tumor) was administered. Chemotherapeutic treatment proved difficult due to the risks of repeated anesthetics and unknown drug efficacies. Marked proliferation of the mass was observed during estrus, and chemotherapy was repeated as an experimental treatment to slow tumor progression in order for the animal to remain in the species breeding program. Tumor proliferation was detected during the first trimester of pregnancy; however, in the lactation period, the mass became quiescent. No adverse reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs were observed and the animal continues to be monitored for tumor progression. This is the first report of an anaplastic sarcoma and of chemotherapy use in a pygmy hippopotamus and it highlights logistical considerations for treating neoplasia in this species.
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Hendrix DVH, Newkirk KM. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in periocular squamous cell carcinomas of horses. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:912-7. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.10.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Surjan Y, Donaldson D, Ostwald P, Milross C, Warren-Forward H. A Review of Current Treatment Options in the Treatment of Ocular and/or Periocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Horses: Is There a Definitive “Best” Practice? J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Newkirk KM, Hendrix DVH, Anis EA, Rohrbach BW, Ehrhart EJ, Lyons JA, Kania SA. Detection of papillomavirus in equine periocular and penile squamous cell carcinoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 26:131-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713511618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common tumor arising in the periocular and penile areas of horses. Both ultraviolet radiation and papillomaviruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of SCC in various species, including the horse. This retrospective study used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect papillomavirus DNA in archival biopsy samples from equine periocular and penile SCC from 3 different geographic areas (northeast, southeast, and central United States). Forty-two periocular SCCs were tested; none contained papillomavirus DNA. Twenty-two penile SCCs were tested, and papillomavirus DNA was identified in 10 (43%) cases. Sequencing of the PCR products revealed homology with Equus caballus papillomavirus 2 (EcPV-2). No geographic distribution in the detection of papillomavirus was identified. Penile SCCs were significantly more likely to be papillomavirus positive than the periocular SCCs ( P < 0.001). The role of papillomavirus in the development of penile SCC requires further investigation. The differing pathogeneses of periocular and penile SCC suggest that the tumors may respond differently to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. Newkirk
- Departments of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (Newkirk, Anis, Rohrbach, Kania), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Hendrix), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Ehrhart)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA (Lyons)
| | - Diane V. H. Hendrix
- Departments of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (Newkirk, Anis, Rohrbach, Kania), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Hendrix), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Ehrhart)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA (Lyons)
| | - Eman A. Anis
- Departments of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (Newkirk, Anis, Rohrbach, Kania), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Hendrix), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Ehrhart)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA (Lyons)
| | - Barton W. Rohrbach
- Departments of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (Newkirk, Anis, Rohrbach, Kania), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Hendrix), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Ehrhart)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA (Lyons)
| | - Eugene J. Ehrhart
- Departments of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (Newkirk, Anis, Rohrbach, Kania), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Hendrix), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Ehrhart)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA (Lyons)
| | - Jerry A. Lyons
- Departments of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (Newkirk, Anis, Rohrbach, Kania), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Hendrix), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Ehrhart)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA (Lyons)
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Departments of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (Newkirk, Anis, Rohrbach, Kania), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Hendrix), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Ehrhart)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA (Lyons)
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Mair TS, Sherlock CE, Pearson GR. Delayed metastasis of ocular squamous cell carcinoma following treatment in five horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2012.00435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Surjan Y, Warren-Forward H, Milross C. Is there a role for radiation therapists within veterinary oncology? Radiography (Lond) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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KAINZBAUER C, RUSHTON J, TOBER R, SCASE T, NELL B, SYKORA S, BRANDT S. Bovine papillomavirus type 1 and Equus caballus papillomavirus 2 in equine squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in a Connemara mare. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:112-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pucket JD, Gilmour MA. Intralesional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for the treatment of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in 5 horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Giuliano EA. Equine periocular neoplasia: current concepts in aetiopathogenesis and emerging treatment modalities. Equine Vet J 2010:9-18. [PMID: 20939161 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.tb05629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neoplastic adnexal disease represents one of the most frequently encountered and therapeutically challenging ophthalmic problems of horses. This paper reviews current concepts in equine periocular neoplasia. Specifically, a literature-based review of the aetiopathogenesis of the most common tumours to affect the equine eyelid (squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoid, melanoma and lymphosarcoma) is provided. Current and emerging treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Giuliano
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Barnes LD, Giuliano EA, Ota J. Cellular localization of Visudyne as a function of time after local injection in an in vivo model of squamous cell carcinoma: an investigation into tumor cell death. Vet Ophthalmol 2010; 13:158-65. [PMID: 20500715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of time on cellular localization of Visudyne after local injection. ANIMALS Twenty athymic nude mice. PROCEDURES A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line (A-431) was injected into right and left dorsolumbar subcutaneous tissue of each mouse, representing treatment (T) and control (C) tumors. In experiment 1 (Exp 1; n = 10) and 2 (Exp 2; n = 10), the T tumors received a local injection of Visudyne (0.1 mg/cm(3)), and C tumors received an equal dose of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). Mice were randomly subdivided into two groups (A and B; n = 5 per group). Mice in Exp 1A and B were sacrificed 1 and 30 min after local injection, respectively. Experiment 1A and B tumors were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy to determine drug localization. Experiment 2A and B tumors were exposed to LED illumination 1 and 30 min after injection, respectively, and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine ultrastructural tumor cell damage. RESULTS Fluorescence was detected within the cytoplasm of T tumors in both Exp 1A and B. Significance was detected in fluorescence intensity between T1 min vs. T30 min (P = 0.03) and between T1 min and C1 min tumors (P = 0.01), respectively. Tumors in Exp 2A and B demonstrated evidence of apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated higher Visudyne concentration within SCC cytoplasm of 1 min compared with 30-min tumors. Transmission electron microscopy results revealed that tumors treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) within 30 min of local injection undergo cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Barnes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Barnes LD, Giuliano EA, Ota J, Cohn LA, Moore CP. The effect of photodynamic therapy on squamous cell carcinoma in a murine model: evaluation of time between intralesional injection to laser irradiation. Vet J 2008; 180:60-5. [PMID: 18294887 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of naturally occurring periocular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in horses with photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been performed by injecting residual tumor with verteporfin and applying laser irradiation immediately following injection. This study used a murine model to evaluate the influence of time between intralesional injection of verteporfin to laser irradiation on tumor growth inhibition with PDT. Mice were randomized into six groups (n=10/group). Each tumor was injected with either 0.1mg/cm(3) of verteporfin (Tx) or 5% dextrose in water (C). Tx and C groups 1, 2, and 3 were irradiated at 1, 30, and 180min after injection. Wilcoxon-rank sum test (P< or =0.05) was performed to determine the relative change in tumor volume (RCTV) between groups. Statistical significance was demonstrated between treatment groups. Although verteporfin-PDT treated mice in Tx1 and Tx2 demonstrated a lower RCTV compared to C1 and C2 mice, the differences were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Barnes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Elce YA, Orsini JA, Blikslager AT. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in naturally occurring squamous cell carcinomas in horses. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:76-80. [PMID: 17199422 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 in naturally occurring squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and the analogous normal tissues in horses. SAMPLE POPULATION Tissue samples collected from 3 conjunctival, 2 vulvar, 4 preputial, and 5 penile SCCs during surgical excision in 14 horses and from corresponding body regions (conjunctiva [n = 5 horses], vulva [2], prepuce [3], and penis [3]) in 5 horses euthanized for reasons unrelated to neoplasia. PROCEDURES Tissue samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 degrees C until analysis. Protein was extracted from the frozen tissues, and western blot analyses were performed. Nonneoplastic and abnormal tissues from each body region were run on the same blot, and blots were run in triplicate. Molecular-weight markers and COX-1 and 2 ovine standards (positive control samples) were run concurrently on the gels; negative control samples were not used. RESULTS All tissues, including the nonneoplastic and SCC tissues, expressed both COX-1 and -2 proteins. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the expression of COX proteins in both nonneoplastic and SCC-affected tissues in horses is markedly different from that in other species. The reason for the potential benefit of COX-2 inhibitors in horses and other species is unknown. Further research needs to be performed to evaluate the efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors as cancer treatments in horses. Investigation of the mechanisms of tumor development in horses should be performed to increase understanding of this disease and ascertain how the mechanisms differ from those in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne A Elce
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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