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Shingina A, Han X, Fan L, Murff H, Coffey R, Milne GL, Dai Q, Shrubsole M. Investigation of Novel Urinary Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in a Predominantly African American Population: A Case-Control Study. Gastrointest Tumors 2023; 10:29-37. [PMID: 38590513 PMCID: PMC11001286 DOI: 10.1159/000538131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction African Americans are at increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to other racial and ethnic groups. We investigated the associations of four urinary biomarkers of prostaglandin E2 (PGE-M), prostacyclin (PGI-M), and thromboxane (11dTxB2) synthesis and the ratio of PGI-M to 11dTXB2 with HCC risk in a cohort of predominantly African American populations. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study (50 cases; 43 with HCC, 151 controls) in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), a large prospective cohort study including over 80,000 study participants, of whom two-thirds are African Americans. Urine samples were collected at enrollment and subsequently analyzed to assess biomarker levels. Multivariable regression models adjusted for age, race, sex, BMI, smoking status, NSAID use, education level, income, and alcohol consumption were used to assess the relationship between the biomarker and HCC risk. Results Only 11dTxB2 (OR = 11.50; 95% CI [2.34-56.47] for highest tertile vs. lowest tertile, p = 0.004) and the PGI-M/11dTXB2 ratio of the second quartile (0.25-0.49) (OR = 5.16; 95% CI [1.44-18.47]; p = 0.01) were significantly associated with increased risk of liver cancer. Conclusion 11dTXB2 and PGI-M/11dTXB2 ratio may be urinary markers of HCC risk, particularly among African Americans, and future prospective studies are needed to evaluate this finding further and to develop accessible methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Shingina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xijing Han
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lei Fan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harvey Murff
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert Coffey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Kronemberger GS, Carneiro FA, Rezende DF, Baptista LS. Spheroids and organoids as humanized 3D scaffold-free engineered tissues for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and drug screening. Artif Organs 2021; 45:548-558. [PMID: 33264436 PMCID: PMC7753831 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The new coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was officially declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic in March 2020. To date, there are no specific antiviral drugs proven to be effective in treating SARS‐CoV‐2, requiring joint efforts from different research fronts to discover the best route of treatment. The first decisions in drug discovery are based on 2D cell culture using high‐throughput screening. In this context, spheroids and organoids emerge as a reliable alternative. Both are scaffold‐free 3D engineered constructs that recapitulate key cellular and molecular events of tissue physiology. Different studies have already shown their advantages as a model for different infectious diseases, including SARS‐CoV‐2 and for drug screening. The use of these 3D engineered tissues as an in vitro model can fill the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo preclinical assays (animal models) as they could recapitulate the entire viral life cycle. The main objective of this review is to understand spheroid and organoid biology, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and how these scaffold‐free engineered tissues can contribute to a better comprehension of viral infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 and to the development of in vitro high‐throughput models for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Kronemberger
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Campus Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A Carneiro
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Campus Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leandra S Baptista
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Campus Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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Wang W, Chen J, Mao J, Li H, Wang M, Zhang H, Li H, Chen W. Genistein Ameliorates Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Targeting the Thromboxane A 2 Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5853-5859. [PMID: 29771124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now a public health issue worldwide, but no drug has yet received approval. Genistein, an isoflavonoid derived from soybean, ameliorates high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD in mice, but the molecular underpinnings remain largely elusive. Arachidonic acid (AA) is a major ingredient of animal fats, and the AA cascade has been implicated in chronic inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether genistein was against NAFLD by targeting the AA cascade. Using a mouse model, we showed that genistein supplementation improved high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD by normalizing hepatomegaly, liver steatosis, aminotransferase abnormalities, and glucose tolerance. The thromboxane A2 (TXA2) pathway was aberrantly active in NAFLD, evidenced by an elevation of circulating TXA2 and hepatic thromboxane A2 receptor expression. Mechanistically, we found that genistein directly targeted cyclooxygenase-1 activity as well as its downstream TXA2 biosynthesis, while the TXA2 pathway might mediate NAFLD progression by impairing insulin sensitivity. Taken together, our study revealed a crucial pathophysiological role of the TXA2 pathway in NAFLD and provided an explanation as to how genistein was against NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junliang Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , Henan 471003 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , People's Republic of China
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Nio Y, Hasegawa H, Okamura H, Miyayama Y, Akahori Y, Hijikata M. Liver-specific mono-unsaturated fatty acid synthase-1 inhibitor for anti-hepatitis C treatment. Antiviral Res 2016; 132:262-7. [PMID: 27392483 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, direct antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been developed as highly effective anti-HCV drugs. However, the appearance of resistant viruses against direct anti-viral agents is an unsolved problem. One of the strategies considered to suppress the emergence of the drug-resistant viruses is to use drugs inhibiting the host factor, which contributes to HCV proliferation, in combination with direct anti-viral agents. The replication complex was reported to be present in the membranous compartment in the cells. Thus, lipid metabolism modulators are good candidates to regulate virus assembly and HCV replication. Recent studies have shown that stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), an enzyme for long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acid (LCMUFA) synthesis, is a key factor that defines HCV replication efficiency. Systemic exposure to SCD-1 inhibor induces some side effects in the eyes and skin. Thus, systemic SCD-1 inhibitors are considered inappropriate for HCV therapy. To avoid the side effects of systemic SCD-1 inhibitors, the liver-specific SCD-1 inhibitor, MK8245, was synthesized; it showed antidiabetic effects in diabetic model mice with no side effects. In the phase 1 clinical study on measurement of MK8245 tolerability, no significant side effects were reported (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00790556). Therefore, we thought liver-specific SCD-1 inhibitors would be suitable agents for HCV-infected patients. MK8245 was evaluated using recombinant HCV culture systems. Considering current HCV treatments, to avoid the emergence of direct anti-viral agents-resistant viruses, combination therapy with direct anti-viral agents and host-targeted agents would be optimal. With this viewpoint, we confirmed MK8245's additive or synergistic anti-HCV effects on current direct anti-viral agents and interferon-alpha therapy. The results suggest that MK8245 is an option for anti-HCV multi-drug therapy with a low risk of emergence of drug-resistant HCV without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nio
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Pharmaceutical Research Division, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Hikari Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Human Tumor Viruses, The Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Grad. Sch. of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okamura
- Laboratory of Human Tumor Viruses, The Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Grad. Sch. of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyayama
- Laboratory of Human Tumor Viruses, The Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Grad. Sch. of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuichi Akahori
- Laboratory of Human Tumor Viruses, The Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Grad. Sch. of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Hijikata
- Laboratory of Human Tumor Viruses, The Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Grad. Sch. of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Handa K, Matsubara K, Fukumitsu K, Guzman-Lepe J, Watson A, Soto-Gutierrez A. Assembly of human organs from stem cells to study liver disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:348-57. [PMID: 24333262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, significant developments in the field of liver tissue engineering have raised new possibilities for the study of complex physiological and pathophysiological processes in vitro, as well as the potential to assemble entire organs for transplantation. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells have been differentiated into relatively functional populations of hepatic cells, and novel techniques to generate whole organ acellular three-dimensional scaffolds have been developed. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in organ assembly regarding the development of liver tissue in vitro. We emphasize applications that involve multiple types of cells with a biomimetic spatial organization for which three-dimensional configurations could be used for drug development or to explain mechanisms of disease. We also discuss applications of liver organotypic surrogates and the challenges of translating the highly promising new field of tissue engineering into a proven platform for predicting drug metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Handa
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Transplantation Section, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kentaro Matsubara
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Transplantation Section, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ken Fukumitsu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jorge Guzman-Lepe
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Transplantation Section, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alicia Watson
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Transplantation Section, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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