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MacRae JM, Harasemiw O, Lightfoot CJ, Thompson S, Wytsma-Fisher K, Koufaki P, Bohm C, Wilkinson TJ. Measurement properties of performance-based measures to assess physical function in chronic kidney disease: recommendations from a COSMIN systematic review. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:2108-2128. [PMID: 37915888 PMCID: PMC10616478 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is wide heterogeneity in physical function tests available for clinical and research use, hindering our ability to synthesize evidence. The aim of this review was to identify and evaluate physical function measures that could be recommended for standardized use in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 2022, identifying studies that evaluated a clinimetric property (validity, reliability, measurement error and/or responsiveness) of an objectively measured performance-based physical function outcomes using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) based recommendations. Studies with individuals of all ages and of any stage of CKD were included. Results In total, 50 studies with 21 315 participants were included. Clinimetric properties were reported for 22 different physical function tests. The short physical performance battery (SPPB), Timed-up-and-go (TUG) test and Sit-to-stand tests (STS-5 and STS-60) had favorable properties to support their use in CKD and should be integrated into routine use. However, the majority of studies were conducted in the hemodialysis population, and very few provided information regarding validity or reliability. Conclusion The SPPB demonstrated the highest quality of evidence for reliability, measurement error and construct validity amongst transplant, CKD and dialysis patients. This review is an important step towards standardizing a core outcome set of tools to measure physical function in research and clinical settings for the CKD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M MacRae
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oksana Harasemiw
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Chronic Disease Innovation Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Thompson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Pelagia Koufaki
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clara Bohm
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Chronic Disease Innovation Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Zhang T, Zhang T, Niu X, Li L, Gu J, Chen M, Zhao X. Femoral nerve block using lower concentration ropivacaine preserves quadriceps strength while providing similar analgesic effects after knee arthroscopy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:4988-4995. [PMID: 37638985 PMCID: PMC10598127 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Femoral nerve block (FNB) is widely used in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. However, the most commonly used concentration of ropivacaine (0.2% or above) may cause an unexpected decrease in the muscle strength of the quadriceps. Therefore, a lower concentration of ropivacaine (0.1%) for FNB was administered to investigate the effect on quadriceps strength and postoperative pain after knee arthroscopy. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial (ChiCTR2000041404). A total of 83 patients scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy were randomized to receive 0.1% or 0.2% ropivacaine for FNB under ultrasound guidance. The primary outcomes were quadriceps strength and numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score. Quadriceps strength was measured before surgery and 6 h and 24 h after surgery, while NRS score was recorded before surgery, at the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU), and 6 h and 24 h after surgery. Multiple linear regression tests were used to compare the differences in quadriceps strength and NRS score between the two groups. Two-factor analysis of variance, using the factors group and time of measurement, was used for repeated NRS scores. Secondary outcomes included knee mobility, side effects, patient satisfaction, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS The mean (SD) quadriceps strength at 6 h after surgery was 7.5 (5.7) kg for the 0.1% ropivacaine group and 3.0 (4.4) kg for the 0.2% ropivacaine group. The mean difference adjusted for baseline characteristics was - 5.2 (95% CI - 7.2 to - 3.1) kg (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in quadriceps strength at 24 h after surgery. The mean differences in the average NRS score and maximum NRS score in the PACU were - 0.6 (P = 0.008) and - 1.0 (P < 0.001), respectively. There was no significant difference in NRS score at 6 h or 24 h after surgery. Two-factor analysis of variance showed no significant difference in the interaction factors of time and group for average NRS score and maximum NRS score. CONCLUSIONS Compared with 0.2% ropivacaine, 0.1% ropivacaine for FNB preserved quadriceps strength at 6 h after knee arthroscopy while providing similar analgesic effects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lantao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaji Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Lionardo de Paula B, Pinheiro BV, Segura-Ortí E, Barros FS, Veras PM, Ávila KS, Lucinda LMF, Cavalcanti Garcia MA, Reboredo MM. Association Between Protocols of the Sit-to-Stand Test and Lower Limb Muscle Force Output in Patients on Hemodialysis and Subjects Without Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2023:S1051-2276(23)00019-5. [PMID: 36791983 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of three protocols of the sit-to-stand (STS) test with muscle force output of knee extension (KE) and knee flexion (KF) in patients on hemodialysis and subjects without chronic kidney disease. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a hemodialysis group [n = 60, 59.5 (16.8) years, 55% female] and a control group [n = 60, 43.0 (11.8) years, 50% female]. The assessments were performed in 2 days, and the participants were submitted to three protocols of STS test (5-repetition STS, 10-repetition STS and 30-s STS) or muscle force output of the KE and KF evaluation by handheld dynamometer based on randomization. RESULTS The hemodialysis group presented reduced muscle force output of the KE and KF, a longer time to perform the 5 STS and 10 STS tests, and a lower number of repetitions in the 30-s STS test. The three STS tests were associated with muscle force output of the KE in the hemodialysis group, in which the 10-repetition STS test showed the best association (R2 = 0.47; adjusted R2 = 0.42). However, the only association between the STS test and muscle force output of the KE in the control group was found in the 10-repetition STS test (R2 = 0.20; adjusted R2 = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS The three protocols of STS tests were associated with muscle force output of the KE in patients on hemodialysis. However, the 10-repetition STS test was the best protocol to estimate the quadriceps muscle torque in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lionardo de Paula
- University Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Valle Pinheiro
- University Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eva Segura-Ortí
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabrício Sciammarella Barros
- University Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila Monteiro Veras
- University Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kéller Soares Ávila
- University Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leda Marília Fonseca Lucinda
- University Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Maycon Moura Reboredo
- University Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Pavlin L, Rodriguez A, Ohresser I, Larivière M, Portal C, Cristol JP, Bernardi H, Turc-Baron C, Candau R. Does the interference phenomenon affect strength development during same-session combined rehabilitation program in hemodialysis patients? Semin Dial 2021; 35:154-164. [PMID: 34751456 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess if an interference effect could blunt the neuromuscular gains induced by a same-session combined rehabilitation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS Patients exercised twice a week, for 16 weeks, over their HD sessions. They were either always trained with resistance and endurance exercises (continuous training, "CONT") or alternatively with 1 week of resistance alternated with 1 week of endurance (discontinuous training, "DISC"). Adherence and workload were continuously recorded. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, one-leg balance test, and handgrip and quadriceps strength were evaluated before and after training intervention. RESULTS Adherence to both programs was high (>90%). SPPB score had significantly improved (CONT: +1.5 point, DISC: +1.2 pt, p < 0.001), like one-leg balance test (CONT: +3.7 s, DISC: +5.5 s, p < 0.05), handgrip strength of exercised (CONT: +5.5 kg, DISC: +5.6 kg, p < 0.001) and of nonexercised arm (CONT: +4.4 kg, DISC: +2.8 kg, p < 0.01) as well as maximal quadriceps strength (+22 N·m for dominant and +29 N·m for nondominant leg in both groups, p < 0.001) bearing no difference between the trainings. CONCLUSION Same-session combined training does not induce an interference effect in HD patients and temporal separation of exercises does not optimize strength gains. These practical data may be relevant for clinicians and practitioners to alternate endurance and resistance exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pavlin
- DMEM, UMR866, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Fondation Charles Mion - AIDER Santé, AIDER Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Annie Rodriguez
- Fondation Charles Mion - AIDER Santé, AIDER Santé, Montpellier, France.,Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Ohresser
- Fondation Charles Mion - AIDER Santé, AIDER Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Larivière
- Fondation Charles Mion - AIDER Santé, AIDER Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Portal
- Fondation Charles Mion - AIDER Santé, AIDER Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Henri Bernardi
- DMEM, UMR866, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Turc-Baron
- Fondation Charles Mion - AIDER Santé, AIDER Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Robin Candau
- DMEM, UMR866, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Souweine JS, Pasquier G, Kuster N, Rodriguez A, Patrier L, Morena M, Badia E, Raynaud F, Chalabi L, Raynal N, Ohresser I, Hayot M, Mercier J, Quintrec ML, Gouzi F, Cristol JP. Dynapaenia and sarcopaenia in chronic haemodialysis patients: do muscle weakness and atrophy similarly influence poor outcome? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:1908-1918. [PMID: 33306128 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopaenia, defined as a decline in both muscle mass and function, has been recognized as a major determinant of poor outcome in haemodialysis (HD) patients. It is generally assumed that sarcopaenia is driven by muscle atrophy related to protein-energy wasting. However, dynapaenia, defined as weakness without atrophy, has been characterized by a different disease phenotype from sarcopaenia. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics and prognosis of sarcopaenic and dynapaenic patients among a prospective cohort of chronic HD (CHD) patients. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-two CHD patients were enrolled from January to July 2016 and then followed prospectively until December 2018. At inclusion, weakness and atrophy were, respectively, evaluated by maximal voluntary force (MVF) and creatinine index (CI). Sarcopaenia was defined as the association of weakness and atrophy (MVF and CI below the median) while dynapaenia was defined as weakness not related to atrophy (MVF below the median, and CI above the median). RESULTS From a total of 187 prevalent CHD patients [65% of men, age 65.3 (49.7-82.0) years], 44 died during the follow-up period of 23.7 (12.4-34.9) months. Sarcopaenia and dynapaenia were observed in 33.7 and 16% of the patients, respectively. Compared with patients with sarcopaenia, patients with dynapaenia were younger and with a lower Charlson score. In contrast, mortality rate was similar in both groups (38 and 27%, respectively). After adjustment for age, sex, lean tissue index, serum albumin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), haemoglobin (Hb), normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), dialysis vintage and Charlson score, only patients with dynapaenia were at increased risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.99, confidence interval 1.18-7.61; P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Screening for muscle functionality is highly warranted to identify patients with muscle functional impairment without muscle atrophy. In contrast to sarcopaenia, dynapaenia should appear as a phenotype induced by uraemic milieu, characterized by young patients with low Charlson score and poor prognosis outcome independently of serum albumin, hs-CRP, Hb, nPCR and dialysis vintage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Souweine
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Grégoire Pasquier
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nils Kuster
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Marion Morena
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Badia
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Raynaud
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Maurice Hayot
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Physiology, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Mercier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Physiology, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Moglie Le Quintrec
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fares Gouzi
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Physiology, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Bolasco P. Hemodialysis-Nutritional Flaws in Diagnosis and Prescriptions. Could Amino Acid Losses be the Sharpest "Sword of Damocles"? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061773. [PMID: 32545868 PMCID: PMC7353226 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses emerging from diagnostic evaluations and prescriptions in an intent to prevent progression over time of malnutrition and/or protein-energy wasting (PEW) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In particular, indications of the most effective pathway to follow in diagnosing a state of malnutrition are provided based on a range of appropriate chemical-clinical, anthropometric and instrumental analyses and monitoring of the nutritional status of HD patients. Finally, based on the findings of recent studies, therapeutic options to be adopted for the purpose of preventing or slowing down malnutrition have been reviewed, with particular focus on protein-calorie intake, the role of oral and/or intravenous supplements and efficacy of some classes of amino acids. A new determining factor that may lead inexorably to PEW in hemodialysis patients is represented by severe amino acid loss during hemodialysis sessions, for which mandatory compensation should be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Bolasco
- Nephrology Consultant, Sardinian Regional Public Health Institution, 09047 Selargius, Italy; ; Tel.: +39-333-2914-844; Fax: +39-070-609-3240
- Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology, University Street, 11, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Souweine JS, Kuster N, Chenine L, Rodriguez A, Patrier L, Morena M, Badia E, Chalabi L, Raynal N, Ohresser I, Leray-Moragues H, Mercier J, Hayot M, Le Quintrec M, Gouzi F, Cristol JP. Physical inactivity and protein energy wasting play independent roles in muscle weakness in maintenance haemodialysis patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200061. [PMID: 30067754 PMCID: PMC6070183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle weakness is associated with increased mortality risk in chronic haemodialysis (CHD) patients. Protein energy wasting (PEW) and low physical activity could impair muscle quality and contribute to muscle weakness beyond muscle wasting in these patients. Aim of this study was to assess clinical and biological parameters involved in the reduction of muscle strength of CHD patients. Methods One hundred and twenty-three CHD patients (80 males, 43 females; 68,8 [57.9–78.8] y.o.) were included in this study. Maximal voluntary force (MVF) of quadriceps was assessed using a belt-stabilized hand-held dynamometer. Muscle quality was evaluated by muscle specific torque, defined as the strength per unit of muscle mass. Muscle mass was estimated using lean tissue index (LTI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and creatinine index (CI). Voorrips questionnaire was used to estimate physical activity. Criteria for the diagnosis of PEW were serum albumin, body mass index < 23 kg/m2, creatinine index < 18.82 mg/kg/d and low dietary protein intake estimated by nPCR < 0.80g/kg/d. Results MVF was 76.1 [58.2–111.7] N.m. and was associated with CI (β = 5.3 [2.2–8.4], p = 0.001), LTI (β = 2.8 [0.6–5.1], p = 0.013), Voorrips score (β = 17.4 [2.9–31.9], p = 0.02) and serum albumin (β = 1.9 [0.5–3.2], p = 0.006). Only serum albumin (β = 0.09 [0.03–0.15], p = 0.003), Voorrips score (β = 0.8 [0.2–1.5], p = 0.005) and CI (β = 0.2 [0.1–0.3], p<0.001) remained associated with muscle specific torque. Thirty patients have dynapenia defined as impaired MVF with maintained SMM and were younger with high hs-CRP (p = 0.001), PEW criteria (p<0.001) and low Voorrips score (p = 0.001), and reduced dialysis vintage (p<0.046). Conclusions Beyond atrophy, physical inactivity and PEW conspire to impair muscle strength and specific torque in CHD patients and could be related to muscle quality. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02806089
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Souweine
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biochimie et Hormonologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département de Néphrologie, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nils Kuster
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biochimie et Hormonologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Leila Chenine
- Département de Néphrologie, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Annie Rodriguez
- Département de Biochimie et Hormonologie, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- AIDER, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marion Morena
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biochimie et Hormonologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Badia
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biochimie et Hormonologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacques Mercier
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Département de Physiologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maurice Hayot
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Département de Physiologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Moglie Le Quintrec
- Département de Néphrologie, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fares Gouzi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Département de Physiologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biochimie et Hormonologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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