1
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Wilkinson K, Taylor D, Murphy T. Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia Training and Staffing in the National Health Service. Paediatr Anaesth 2023; 33:1029-1033. [PMID: 37470207 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable importance is attached to the process of training, appointing and retaining highly specialized pediatric anesthetists, such as those with a congenital heart disease practice. AIMS For the 10-year period from April 2012 to March 2022, we wished to establish changes in the absolute number of consultant pediatric cardiac anesthetic posts in NHS Level 1 Centres, turnover in such posts, and what training appointees had received. METHODS An email survey was sent to the Centre Representative from the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Network in each of the eleven NHS Level 1 Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Centre. Further follow up was completed in order to confirm accuracy of responses. We defined a pediatric cardiac anesthetist as a consultant with a clinical practice including provision of anesthetic management for children undergoing cardiac surgery incorporating the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS The response rate to our survey was 100%. Over the study period the number of consultants increased from 69 to 81, though three posts were unfilled as at March 2022. There were 55 departures and 65 appointees. Five consultants moved between NHS Units. 52 consultants received formal fellowship training and 13 switched into pediatric cardiac anesthesia from an existing general pediatric anesthetic post, with a period of supplementary training within their institution. Appointees reported extensive additional training variably including fellowships in general pediatric anesthesia, adult cardiac anesthesia and pediatric intensive care, both within and outside the United Kingdom. CONCLUSIONS There has been both an expansion in the number of posts, as well as considerable turnover in consultant posts in the last 10 years. Training standards which support and guide individuals as they develop a practice in this highly specialized field should reflect different routes into the speciality and could be established with the support and advice of the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Wilkinson
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Dan Taylor
- Department of Anaesthesia, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tim Murphy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
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2
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Backer CL, Overman DM, Dearani JA, Romano JC, Tweddell JS, Kumar SR, Marino BS, Bacha EA, Jaquiss RDB, Zaidi AN, Gurvitz M, Costello JM, Pierick TA, Ravekes WJ, Reagor JA, St Louis JD, Spaeth J, Mahle WT, Shin AY, Lopez KN, Karamlou T, Welke KF, Bryant R, Husain SA, Chen JM, Kaza A, Wells WJ, Glatz AC, Cohen MI, McElhinney DB, Parra DA, Pasquali SK. Recommendations for centers performing pediatric heart surgery in the United States. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 166:1782-1820. [PMID: 37777958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have been published across numerous fields as one mechanism to promote a high level of care delivery across centers, it has been more than two decades since the last pediatric heart surgery recommendations were published in the United States. More recent guidance is lacking, and collaborative efforts involving the many disciplines engaged in caring for these children have not been undertaken to date. The present initiative brings together professional societies spanning numerous care domains and congenital cardiac surgeons, pediatric cardiologists, nursing, and other healthcare professionals from diverse programs around the country to develop consensus recommendations for United States centers. The focus of this initial work is on pediatric heart surgery, and it is recommended that future efforts focus in detail on the adult congenital population. We describe the background, rationale, and methodology related to this collaborative effort, and recommendations put forth for Essential Care Centers (essential services necessary for any program), and Comprehensive Care Centers (services to optimize comprehensive and high-complexity care), encompassing structure, process, and outcome metrics across 14 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L Backer
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - David M Overman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Minnesota, Mayo Clinic-Children's Minnesota Cardiovascular Collaborative, Minneapolis, Minn
| | | | - Jennifer C Romano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - James S Tweddell
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - S Ram Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Bradley S Marino
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emile A Bacha
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | - Ali N Zaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Michelle Gurvitz
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - John M Costello
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC
| | - Trudy A Pierick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - William J Ravekes
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Md
| | - James A Reagor
- Department of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - James Spaeth
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William T Mahle
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Andrew Y Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Keila N Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Tara Karamlou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Karl F Welke
- Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, NC
| | - Roosevelt Bryant
- Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - S Adil Husain
- Department of Surgery, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jonathan M Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Aditya Kaza
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Winfield J Wells
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Andrew C Glatz
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Mitchell I Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children's Hospital, Fairfax, Va
| | - Doff B McElhinney
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - David A Parra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Sara K Pasquali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich
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3
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Backer CL, Overman DM, Dearani JA, Romano JC, Tweddell JS, Kumar SR, Marino BS, Bacha EA, Jaquiss RDB, Zaidi AN, Gurvitz M, Costello JM, Pierick TA, Ravekes WJ, Reagor JA, St Louis JD, Spaeth J, Mahle WT, Shin AY, Lopez KN, Karamlou T, Welke KF, Bryant R, Husain SA, Chen JM, Kaza A, Wells WJ, Glatz AC, Cohen MI, McElhinney DB, Parra DA, Pasquali SK. Recommendations for Centers Performing Pediatric Heart Surgery in the United States. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:871-907. [PMID: 37777933 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have been published across numerous fields as one mechanism to promote a high level of care delivery across centers, it has been more than two decades since the last pediatric heart surgery recommendations were published in the United States. More recent guidance is lacking, and collaborative efforts involving the many disciplines engaged in caring for these children have not been undertaken to date. The present initiative brings together professional societies spanning numerous care domains and congenital cardiac surgeons, pediatric cardiologists, nursing, and other healthcare professionals from diverse programs around the country to develop consensus recommendations for United States centers. The focus of this initial work is on pediatric heart surgery, and it is recommended that future efforts focus in detail on the adult congenital population. We describe the background, rationale, and methodology related to this collaborative effort, and recommendations put forth for Essential Care Centers (essential services necessary for any program), and Comprehensive Care Centers (services to optimize comprehensive and high-complexity care), encompassing structure, process, and outcome metrics across 14 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L Backer
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - David M Overman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Minnesota, Mayo Clinic-Children's Minnesota Cardiovascular Collaborative, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Jennifer C Romano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James S Tweddell
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - S Ram Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bradley S Marino
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emile A Bacha
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Robert D B Jaquiss
- Department of Surgery, UT-Southwestern, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ali N Zaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michelle Gurvitz
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John M Costello
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Trudy A Pierick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - William J Ravekes
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James A Reagor
- Department of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James D St Louis
- Department of Surgery, Inova Children's Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - James Spaeth
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William T Mahle
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Geogria
| | - Andrew Y Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Palo Alto, California
| | - Keila N Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tara Karamlou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Karl F Welke
- Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Roosevelt Bryant
- Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - S Adil Husain
- Department of Surgery, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jonathan M Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aditya Kaza
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Winfield J Wells
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew C Glatz
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mitchell I Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children's Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Doff B McElhinney
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Palo Alto, California
| | - David A Parra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sara K Pasquali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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4
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Backer CL, Overman DM, Dearani JA, Romano JC, Tweddell JS, Ram Kumar S, Marino BS, Bacha EA, Jaquiss RDB, Zaidi AN, Gurvitz M, Costello JM, Pierick TA, Ravekes WJ, Reagor JA, St Louis JD, Spaeth J, Mahle WT, Shin AY, Lopez KN, Karamlou T, Welke KF, Bryant R, Adil Husain S, Chen JM, Kaza A, Wells WJ, Glatz AC, Cohen MI, McElhinney DB, Parra DA, Pasquali SK. Recommendations for Centers Performing Pediatric Heart Surgery in the United States. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2023; 14:642-679. [PMID: 37737602 DOI: 10.1177/21501351231190353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have been published across numerous fields as one mechanism to promote a high level of care delivery across centers, it has been more than two decades since the last pediatric heart surgery recommendations were published in the United States. More recent guidance is lacking, and collaborative efforts involving the many disciplines engaged in caring for these children have not been undertaken to date. The present initiative brings together professional societies spanning numerous care domains and congenital cardiac surgeons, pediatric cardiologists, nursing, and other healthcare professionals from diverse programs around the country to develop consensus recommendations for United States centers. The focus of this initial work is on pediatric heart surgery, and it is recommended that future efforts focus in detail on the adult congenital population. We describe the background, rationale, and methodology related to this collaborative effort, and recommendations put forth for Essential Care Centers (essential services necessary for any program), and Comprehensive Care Centers (services to optimize comprehensive and high-complexity care), encompassing structure, process, and outcome metrics across 14 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L Backer
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David M Overman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Minnesota, Mayo Clinic-Children's Minnesota Cardiovascular Collaborative, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jennifer C Romano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James S Tweddell
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Ram Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bradley S Marino
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emile A Bacha
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert D B Jaquiss
- Department of Surgery, UT-Southwestern, Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ali N Zaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Gurvitz
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Costello
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Trudy A Pierick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - William J Ravekes
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James A Reagor
- Department of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James D St Louis
- Department of Surgery, Inova Children's Hospital, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - James Spaeth
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William T Mahle
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Y Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Keila N Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tara Karamlou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karl F Welke
- Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Roosevelt Bryant
- Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - S Adil Husain
- Department of Surgery, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jonathan M Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aditya Kaza
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Winfield J Wells
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Glatz
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mitchell I Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children's Hospital, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Doff B McElhinney
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David A Parra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt, TN, USA
| | - Sara K Pasquali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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5
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Nasr VG, Ambardekar A, Grant S, Edgar L, Gross C, McLoughlin TM, Stafford-Smith M, Suresh S, Deutsch N. Evolution of Accredited Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology Fellowship Training in the United States: A Step in the Right Direction. Anesth Analg 2023; 137:313-321. [PMID: 36729754 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric cardiac anesthesiology has developed as a subsubspecialty of anesthesiology over the past 70 years. The evolution of this specialty has led to the establishment in 2005 of a dedicated professional society, the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society (CCAS). By 2010, multiple training pathways for pediatric cardiac anesthesia emerged. Eight programs in the United States offered advanced pediatric cardiac anesthesia with variable duration, ranging from 3 to 12 months. Other programs offered a combined fellow/staff position for 1 year. The need for a standardized training pathway was recognized by the Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council (PALC) and CCAS in 2014. Specifically, it was recommended that pediatric cardiac anesthesiology be a second, 12-month advanced fellowship following pediatric anesthesia to acquire skills unique from those acquired during a pediatric anesthesia fellowship. This was reiterated in 2018, when specific pediatric cardiac anesthesia training milestones were developed through consensus by the CCAS leadership. However, given the continuous increasing demand for well-trained pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists, it is essential that a supply of comprehensively trained physicians exists. High-quality training programs are therefore necessary to ensure excellent clinical care and enhanced patient safety. Currently, there are 23 programs offering one or more positions for 1-year pediatric cardiac anesthesia fellowship. Due to the diverse curriculum and evaluation process, formalization of the training with accreditation through the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) was the obvious next step. Initial inquiry started in April 2020. The ACGME recognized pediatric cardiac anesthesia as a subsubspecialty in February 2021. The program requirements and milestones for the 1-year fellowship training were developed in 2021 and 2022. This special article reviews the history of pediatric cardiac anesthesia training, the ACGME application process, the development of program requirements and milestones, and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane G Nasr
- From the Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditee Ambardekar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, UT Southwestern Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stephanie Grant
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laura Edgar
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cheryl Gross
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas M McLoughlin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, Pennsylvania; ¶Department of Anesthesiology, University of South Florida Morsani School of Medicine
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark Stafford-Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Santhanam Suresh
- Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nina Deutsch
- Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neonates have a high risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) investigated the anesthesia practice, complications and perioperative morbidity and mortality in neonates and infants <60 weeks post menstrual age requiring anesthesia across 165 European hospitals. The goal of this review is to highlight recent publications in the context of the NECTARINE findings and subsequent changes in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS A perioperative triad of hypoxia, anemia, and hypotension is associated with an increased overall mortality at 30 days. Hypoxia is frequent at induction and during maintenance of anesthesia and is commonly addressed once oxygen saturation fall below 85%.Blood transfusion practices vary widely variable among anesthesiologists and blood pressure is only a poor surrogate of tissue perfusion. Newer technologies, whereas acknowledging important limitations, may represent the currently best tools available to monitor tissue perfusion. Harmonization of pediatric anesthesia education and training, development of evidence-based practice guidelines, and provision of centralized care appear to be paramount as well as pediatric center referrals and international data collection networks. SUMMARY The NECTARINE provided new insights into European neonatal anesthesia practice and subsequent morbidity and mortality.Maintenance of physiological homeostasis, optimization of oxygen delivery by avoiding the triad of hypotension, hypoxia, and anemia are the main factors to reduce morbidity and mortality. Underlying and preexisting conditions such as prematurity, congenital abnormalities carry high risk of morbidity and mortality and require specialist care in pediatric referral centers.
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7
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Nasr VG, Staffa SJ, Vener DF, Huang S, Brown ML, Twite M, Miller-Hance WC, DiNardo JA. The Practice of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology in the United States. Anesth Analg 2022; 134:532-539. [PMID: 35180170 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With advances in surgical and catheter-based interventions and technologies in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), the practice of pediatric cardiac anesthesiology has evolved in parallel with pediatric cardiac surgery and pediatric cardiology as a distinct subspecialty over the past 80 years. To date, there has not been an analysis of the distribution of pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists relative to cardiac and noncardiac procedures in the pediatric population. The primary aim is to report the results of a survey and its subsequent analysis to describe the distribution of pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists relative to pediatric cardiac procedures that include surgical interventions, cardiac catheterization procedures, imaging studies (echocardiography, magnetic resonance, computed tomography, positron emission tomography), and noncardiac procedures. METHODS A survey developed in Research Electronic Data Capture (REDcap) was sent to the identifiable division chiefs/cardiac directors of 113 pediatric cardiac anesthesia programs in the United States. Data regarding cardiac surgical patients and procedures were collected from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (STS-CHD). RESULTS This analysis reveals that only 38% (117 of 307) of pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists caring for patients with CHD pursued additional training in pediatric cardiac anesthesiology, while 44% (136 of 307) have gained experience during their clinical practice. Other providers have pursued different training pathways such as adult cardiac anesthesiology or pediatric critical care. Based on this survey, pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists devote 35% (interquartile range [IQR], 20%-50%) of clinical time to the care of patients in the cardiac operating room, 25% (20%-35%) of time to the care of patients in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, 10% (5%-10%) to patient care in imaging locations, and 15% covering general pediatric, adult, or cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac procedures. Attempts to actively recruit pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists were reported by 49.2% (29 of 59) of the institutions surveyed. Impending retirement of staff was anticipated in 17% (10 of 59) of the institutions, while loss of staff to relocation was anticipated in 3.4% (2 of 59) of institutions. Thirty-seven percent of institutions reported that they anticipated no immediate changes in current staffing levels. CONCLUSIONS The majority of currently practicing pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists have not completed a fellowship training in the subspecialty. There is, and will continue to be, a need for subspecialty training to meet increasing demand for services especially with increase survival of this patient population and to replace retiring members of the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane G Nasr
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven J Staffa
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David F Vener
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - ShengXiang Huang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Morgan L Brown
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Twite
- Children's Hospital Colorado & University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wanda C Miller-Hance
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James A DiNardo
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Nasr VG, Zabala L, Twite M. Expertise in Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia Begins With Well-Designed Training Programs. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:654-656. [PMID: 34607761 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane G Nasr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Luis Zabala
- Department of Anesthesiology, UT Southwestern - Children's Medical Center Dallas, TX
| | - Mark Twite
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado & Children's Hospital Colorado, CO
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9
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El-Tahan MR, Erdoes G, van der Maaten J, Wilkinson K, Kousi T, Antoniou T, von Dossow V, Neto CN, Schindler E, Székely A, Forner AF, Wouters PF, Guarracino F, Burtin P, Unic-Stojanovic D, Schreiber JU, Matute P, Aboulfetouh F, Navarro-Ripoll R, Fassl J, Bettex D, Benedetto M, Szegedi L, Alston RP, Landoni G, Granell M, Gaudard P, Treskatsch S, Van Beersel D, Vuylsteke A, Howell S, Janai AR, Martinez AH, Erb JM, Vives M, El-Ashmawi H, Rex S, Mukherjee C, Paternoster G, Momeni M. European Association of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia Fellowship Curriculum: First Edition. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:645-653. [PMID: 34503890 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric cardiac anesthesia is a subspecialty of cardiac and pediatric anesthesiology dedicated to the perioperative care of patients with congenital heart disease. Members of the Congenital and Education Subcommittees of the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (EACTAIC) agreed on the necessity to develop an EACTAIC pediatric cardiac anesthesia fellowship curriculum. This manuscript represents a consensus on the composition and the design of the EACTAIC Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia Fellowship program. This curriculum provides a basis for the training of future pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists by clearly defining the theoretical and practical requirements for fellows and host centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R El-Tahan
- Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Anesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gabor Erdoes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joost van der Maaten
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirstin Wilkinson
- Cardiac Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Vera von Dossow
- Institute of Anesthesiology, German Heart and Diabetes Center Bad Oeynhausen, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | | | - Ehrenfried Schindler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Székely
- Professor of Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Flo Forner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, German
| | - Patrick F Wouters
- University Department of Fundamental and Applied Medical Sciences and Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabio Guarracino
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Dragana Unic-Stojanovic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jan-Uwe Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Purificación Matute
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fawzia Aboulfetouh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cairo University, Vice-Rector of Academic and Research Affairs, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Jens Fassl
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Heart Center of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominique Bettex
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Benedetto
- Paediatric and Adult cardiothoracic and vascular department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Sant' Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laszlo Szegedi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hopital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Peter Alston
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Granell
- Professor Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Valencia. Spain. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Philippe Gaudard
- University of Montpellier, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Arnaud De Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sascha Treskatsch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Van Beersel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alain Vuylsteke
- Department of Intensive Care, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Howell
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Aniruddha R Janai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, German
| | - Alberto Hernandez Martinez
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Barcelona, Grupo Policlinica, Ibiza, Spain
| | - Joachim M Erb
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intermediate Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Vives
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Hossam El-Ashmawi
- Professor of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive care Unit, and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Steffen Rex
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chirojit Mukherjee
- Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Helios Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gianluca Paternoster
- Division of Cardiac Resuscitation, Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Mona Momeni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Brussels, Belgium.
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Capdeville M, Hargrave J, Patel PA, Patel KM, Desai RG, Trivedi KC, Feinman JW, Garner C, Fernando RJ, Gordon EK, Augoustides JG. Contemporary Challenges for Fellowship Training in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology: Perspectives From Program Directors Around the United States. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:2047-2059. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Augoustides JG. Engaged in Excellence - Travelling Onwards and Upwards with Expanding Horizons. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 33:1487-1488. [PMID: 31088628 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G Augoustides
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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