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Hancı V, Yakar MN, Shermatov N, Kara F, İbişoğlu E, Oltulu M, Köşker RK, Bilge D, Geylani B. The gender composition of the members of the editorial board of toxicology journals: Assessment of gender equality. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:413-423. [PMID: 38030412 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In many areas of medicine, gender equality has not yet been fully adopted despite recent developments. The inequality of gender in various areas of medicine is still debated. In this study, we analysed the gender composition of the editorial boards of toxicology journals in the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) databases and the factors affecting this composition. The genders of the participants were determined by the data obtained from the official websites of the journals in September 2023. We analysed the journal metrics and publisher properties using Mann-Whitney U, Fisher's exact, Chi-square tests and Spearman's correlation coefficient. We used logistic regression analysis to reveal the independent factors related to gender parity. The representation rates of women were 28.62% on all editorial boards and 23.33% in editor-in-chief positions. The 'Neuroscience' (OR, 2.46 95%CI, 1.68-3.60, p < 0.001), 'Reproductive Biology'(OR, 2.05 95%CI, 1.22-3.42, p = 0.006) and 'Public, Environmental & Occupational Health'(OR, 1.49 95%CI, 1.18-1.88, p = 0.001) as a coverage category, the United States as a journal country (OR, 1.21, 95%CI, 1.04-1.40, p = 0.001), 5-year-IF≥3.6(OR, 1.54, 95%CI, 1.27-1.86, p < 0.001), 5-year H index≥29 (OR, 1.23, 95%CI, 1.01-1.49, p = 0.037) were the independent factors for gender parity. However, 'Oncology' (OR, 0.08 95%CI, 0.01-0.55, p = 0.011), 'Biochemistry, Molecular Biology' (OR, 0.62 95%CI, 0.44-0.86, p = 0.005) and 'Pharmacology & Pharmacy' (OR, 0.69 95%CI, 0.59-0.82, p < 0.001) as a coverage category, Japan as a publisher country (OR, 0.52 95%CI, 0.35-0.77, p = 0.001), and Switzerland as a journal country (OR, 0.61, 95%CI, 0.46-0.81, p = 0.001) were related to gender disparity. Greater endeavours are needed to reduce gender discrimination in toxicology. Toxicology authorities should continuously improve existing policies by optimising the analysis of objective information to eliminate barriers for toxicologists in terms of gender equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Hancı
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Yakar
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurgazy Shermatov
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Kara
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emel İbişoğlu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Oltulu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Rıza Kaan Köşker
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Bilge
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Geylani
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
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Yong V, Rostmeyer K, Deng M, Chin K, Graves EKM, Ma GX, Erkmen CP. Gender differences in cardiothoracic surgery letters of recommendation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 166:1361-1370. [PMID: 37156362 PMCID: PMC10592592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether or not gender influences letters of recommendation for cardiothoracic surgery fellowship. METHODS From applications to an Accreditation Council Graduate Medical Education cardiothoracic surgery fellowship program between 2016 and 2021, applicant and author characteristics were examined with descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Pearson χ2 tests. Linguistic software was used to assess communication differences in letters of recommendation, stratified by author and applicant gender. An additional higher-level analysis was then performed using a generalized estimating equations model to examine linguistic differences among author-applicant gender pairs. RESULTS Seven hundred thirty-nine recommendation letters extracted from 196 individual applications were analyzed; 90% (n = 665) of authors were men and 55.8% (n = 412) of authors were cardiothoracic surgeons. Compared with women authors, authors who are men wrote more authentic (P = .01) and informal (P = .03) recommendation letters. When writing for women applicants, authors who are men were more likely to display their own leadership and status (P = .03) and discuss women applicants' social affiliations (P = .01), like occupation of applicant's father or husband. Women authors wrote longer letters (P = .03) and discussed applicants' work (P = .01) more often than authors who are men. They also mentioned leisure activities (P = .03) more often when writing for women applicants. CONCLUSIONS Our work identifies gender-specific differences in letters of recommendation. Women applicants may be disadvantaged because their recommendation letters are significantly more likely to focus on their social ties, leisure activities, and the status of the letter writer. Author and reviewer awareness of gender-biased use of language will aid in improvements to the candidate selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeda Yong
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Kaleb Rostmeyer
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Mengying Deng
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health Systems, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Kristine Chin
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Erin K M Graves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Grace X Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Cherie P Erkmen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.
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Methangkool E, Faloye A, Kolarczyk L, Deshpande S, Belani K, Trzcinka A, Lewis CR, Balimunkwe RM, Oakes D. The Women in Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Special Interest Group: What Can the Lessons of One Anesthesiology Affinity Group Tell Us About How to Build Impactful Professional Communities? Anesth Analg 2023; 137:763-771. [PMID: 37712467 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The Women In Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (WICTA), a special interest group of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, has been highly successful in mobilizing WICTA, a historically underrepresented and marginalized group in the subspecialty, and in supporting real and meaningful change in the professional community. The experience of WICTA as a professional affinity group in impacting a professional organization to diversify, evolve, and become more responsive to a wider professional audience has important lessons for other professional organizations. This article discusses the recent history of affinity organizations in anesthesiology, the benefits they offer professional organizations, and the strategies that have been used to effectively motivate change in professional communities. These strategies include engaging a strong advisory board, identifying the need of constituents, creating additional opportunities for networking and membership, addressing gaps in professional development, and aligning goals with those of the larger national organization. WICTA is just one example of the potential opportunities that affinity groups offer to professional societies and organizations for expanding their reach, enhancing their impact on physicians in their target audience, and achieving organizational missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Methangkool
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Abimbola Faloye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lavinia Kolarczyk
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Seema Deshpande
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kiran Belani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Agnieszka Trzcinka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Choy R Lewis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rebecca Mutesi Balimunkwe
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Care, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Daryl Oakes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Patel SJ, Notarianni AP, Martin AK, Tsai A, Pulton DA, Linganna R, Patel PA, Waldron NH, Nimma SR, Bodmer NJ, Kothari P, Jackson E, Gupta RG, Roberts ML, Feinman JW. The Year in Graduate Medical Education: Selected Highlights From 2022. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023:S1053-0770(23)00275-6. [PMID: 37210326 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumil J Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew P Notarianni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic Division, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Archer Kilbourne Martin
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Albert Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Danielle A Pulton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Temple University Hospital/Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Regina Linganna
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Prakash A Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic Division, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Nathan H Waldron
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Sindhuja R Nimma
- Division of Regional Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Natalie J Bodmer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Perin Kothari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ethan Jackson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ragini G Gupta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Temple University Hospital/Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Monique L Roberts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Temple University Hospital/Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jared W Feinman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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Shillcutt SK, McQueen KA. Women in Anesthesiology Leadership: The Time is Now. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:881-883. [PMID: 36863988 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha K Shillcutt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
| | - Kelly A McQueen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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Ngai J, Capdeville M, Sumler M, Oakes D. A Call for Diversity: Women, Professional Development, and Work Experience in Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 37:870-880. [PMID: 36599777 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Ngai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY.
| | - Michelle Capdeville
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michele Sumler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Daryl Oakes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Patel S, Lin KK, Milam AJ, Yu S, Raynor G, Narjeet K, Verdiner R, Girardo ME, Misra L. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Among Anesthesiology Trainees. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2022; 3:414-419. [PMID: 35559355 PMCID: PMC9081057 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Historically in medicine, women and minorities have been underrepresented. This trend is especially significant in the anesthesiology workforce. Objective: The goals of this study were to quantify the current state of diversity by race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation among anesthesiology residents. Methods: An institutionally reviewed and validated survey was delivered through Qualtrics to 130 anesthesiology program directors. Topics addressed included gender identity, sexual orientation, racial and ethnic background, rationale for pursuing anesthesiology, and medical training experiences. The study was administered from February to April 2021; 135 anesthesiology residents responded to the survey. Results: The sample was 44.4% white (n = 60), 54.1% male (n = 73), and 83.7% (n = 113) of respondents self-reported as straight or heterosexual. Respondents indicated that role models/mentors were somewhat or very important in their desire to pursue anesthesiology (n = 85; 67.2%), 42% reported that having women/diverse faculty was somewhat or very important in their decision to pursue anesthesiology. Discrimination during the anesthesiology residency application process or as a resident ranged from 4.4% due to sexual orientation to 18.7% due to gender/gender identity and race/ethnicity. Conclusions: Experiences of discrimination based on race/ethnicity, gender, and gender identity continues to be a concern among anesthesiology trainees. Creating an environment that is inclusive and supportive of all trainees regardless of race/ethnicity, gender/gender identity, and sexual orientation is needed. Interventions and strategies to create an inclusive environment may improve diversity within anesthesiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Patel
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Keldon K. Lin
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Adam J. Milam
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Soojie Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Raynor
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Khurmi Narjeet
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ricardo Verdiner
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Marlene E. Girardo
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Lopa Misra
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Pan S, Shillcutt S, Oakes D, Muehlschegel JD, Shore-Lesserson L, Rong LQ. Gender of Abstract Presenters at the Annual Meetings of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists and American Society of Anesthesiologists: 2016 to 2020. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:1867-1872. [PMID: 34916140 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess gender in abstract poster presentations at the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Annual Meetings from 2016 through 2020 to determine possible gender disparities in anesthesia overall as compared to cardiothoracic anesthesia. DESIGN A bibliometric study SETTING: Publicly available data from the SCA and ASA websites. PARTICIPANTS Presenting and senior authors of abstracts at the SCA and ASA Annual Meetings. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Abstract data on presenting and senior authors were collected for the years 2016 through 2020 for both annual meetings. Observed gender of abstract authors was compared to expected gender based on the gender distribution of cardiac anesthesiologists for the SCA or of all anesthesiologists for the ASA. From 2016 to 2020, the proportion of women senior authors on abstracts was significantly underrepresented (2016-2019, p < 0.05). At the SCA meetings, there was no significant difference in the observed versus expected proportion of women presenting and senior authors. The percentage of woman physicians' abstract-presenting authors at the ASA was overrepresented compared to the expected proportion for each year (2016-2020, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION At the SCA, women were appropriately represented as both presenting and senior abstract authors. At the ASA, there was significant overrepresentation of women as presenting authors and underrepresentation of women as senior authors. These results suggested that abstract presentation is not a barrier to academic advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Sasha Shillcutt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Daryl Oakes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jochen D Muehlschegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham, and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Linda Shore-Lesserson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Northshore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Lisa Q Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY.
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