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Li L, Nian S, Liu Q, Zhang B, Jimu W, Li C, Huang Z, Hu Q, Huang Y, Yuan Q. Fully human anti-B7-H3 recombinant antibodies inhibited tumor growth by increasing T cell infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111926. [PMID: 38552297 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Mortality due to malignant tumors is one of the major factors affecting the life expectancy of the global population. Therapeutic antibodies are a cutting-edge treatment method for restricting tumor growth. B7-H3 is highly expressed in tumor tissues, but rarely in normal tissues. B7-H3 is closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with tumors. B7-H3 is an important target for antitumor therapy. In this study, the fully human anti-B7H3 single-chain antibodies (scFvs) were isolated and screened from the fully human phage immune library with B7H3 as the target. The antibodies screened from a fully human phage library had low immunogenicity and high affinity, which was more beneficial for clinical application. Leveraging B7-H3 scFvs as a foundation, we constructed two distinct recombinant antibody formats, scFv-Fc and IgG1, characterized by elevated affinity and a prolonged half-life. The results demonstrated that the recombinant antibodies had high specificity and affinity for the B7-H3 antigen and inhibited tumor cell growth by enhancing the ADCC. After treatment with anti-B7H3 recombinant antibody, the number of infiltrating T cells in the tumor increased and the secretion of IFN- γ by infiltrating T cells increased in vivo. Additionally, the use of pleural fluid samples obtained from tumor-afflicted patients revealed the ability of anti-B7-H3 recombinant antibodies to reverse CD8+ T cell exhaustion. In summary, we screened the fully human anti-B7H3 recombinant antibodies with specificity and high affinity that increase immune cell infiltration and IFN-γ secretion, thereby inhibiting tumor cell growth to a certain extent. This finding provides a theoretical basis for the development of therapeutic tumor antibodies and could help promote further development of antibody-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan province 646000, China
| | - Siji Nian
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan province 646000, China
| | - Qin Liu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan province 646000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan province 646000, China
| | - Wulemo Jimu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan province 646000, China
| | - Chengwen Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan province 646000, China
| | - Zhanwen Huang
- Institute of nuclear medicine, Southwest Medical University, Department of Blood transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Qiaosen Hu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan province 646000, China
| | - Yuanshuai Huang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 646000, China; Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Qing Yuan
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan province 646000, China; Institute of nuclear medicine, Southwest Medical University, Department of Blood transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 646000, China.
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Fitzgerald KJ, Schoenfeld JD. Radiotherapy Dose in Patients Receiving Immunotherapy. Semin Radiat Oncol 2023; 33:327-335. [PMID: 37331787 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
There is significant rationale for combining radiation therapy (RT) and immuno-oncology (IO) agents, but the optimal radiation parameters are unknown. This review summarizes key trials in the RT and IO space with a focus on RT dose. Very low RT doses solely modulate the tumor immune microenvironment, intermediate doses both modulate the tumor immune microenvironment and kill some fraction of tumor cells, and ablative doses eliminate the majority of target tumor cells and also possess immunomodulatory effects. Ablative RT doses may have high toxicity if targets are adjacent to radiosensitive normal organs. The majority of completed trials have been conducted in the setting of metastatic disease and direct RT to a single lesion with the goal of generating systemic antitumor immunity termed the abscopal effect. Unfortunately, reliable generation of an abscopal effect has proved elusive over a range of radiation doses. Newer trials are exploring the effects of delivering RT to all or most sites of metastatic disease, with dose personalization based on the number and location of lesions. Additional directions include testing RT and IO in earlier stages of disease, sometimes in further combination with chemotherapy and surgery, where lower doses of RT may still contribute substantially to pathologic responses.
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Xiao M, Tang Q, Zeng S, Yang Q, Yang X, Tong X, Zhu G, Lei L, Li S. Emerging biomaterials for tumor immunotherapy. Biomater Res 2023; 27:47. [PMID: 37194085 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system interacts with cancer cells in various intricate ways that can protect the individual from overproliferation of cancer cells; however, these interactions can also lead to malignancy. There has been a dramatic increase in the application of cancer immunotherapy in the last decade. However, low immunogenicity, poor specificity, weak presentation efficiency, and off-target side effects still limit its widespread application. Fortunately, advanced biomaterials effectively contribute immunotherapy and play an important role in cancer treatment, making it a research hotspot in the biomedical field. MAIN BODY This review discusses immunotherapies and the development of related biomaterials for application in the field. The review first summarizes the various types of tumor immunotherapy applicable in clinical practice as well as their underlying mechanisms. Further, it focuses on the types of biomaterials applied in immunotherapy and related research on metal nanomaterials, silicon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, polymer nanoparticles, and cell membrane nanocarriers. Moreover, we introduce the preparation and processing technologies of these biomaterials (liposomes, microspheres, microneedles, and hydrogels) and summarize their mechanisms when applied to tumor immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss future advancements and shortcomings related to the application of biomaterials in tumor immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Research on biomaterial-based tumor immunotherapy is booming; however, several challenges remain to be overcome to transition from experimental research to clinical application. Biomaterials have been optimized continuously and nanotechnology has achieved continuous progression, ensuring the development of more efficient biomaterials, thereby providing a platform and opportunity for breakthroughs in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qinglai Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shiying Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xinying Tong
- Department of Hemodialysis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Gangcai Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Thoreau F, Chudasama V. Enabling the next steps in cancer immunotherapy: from antibody-based bispecifics to multispecifics, with an evolving role for bioconjugation chemistry. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:140-169. [PMID: 35360884 PMCID: PMC8826860 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, immunotherapy has established itself as one of the leading strategies for cancer treatment, as illustrated by the exponentially growing number of related clinical trials. This trend was, in part, prompted by the clinical success of both immune checkpoint modulation and immune cell engagement, to restore and/or stimulate the patient's immune system's ability to fight the disease. These strategies were sustained by progress in bispecific antibody production. However, despite the decisive progress made in the treatment of cancer, toxicity and resistance are still observed in some cases. In this review, we initially provide an overview of the monoclonal and bispecific antibodies developed with the objective of restoring immune system functions to treat cancer (cancer immunotherapy), through immune checkpoint modulation, immune cell engagement or a combination of both. Their production, design strategy and impact on the clinical trial landscape are also addressed. In the second part, the concept of multispecific antibody formats, notably MuTICEMs (Multispecific Targeted Immune Cell Engagers & Modulators), as a possible answer to current immunotherapy limitations is investigated. We believe it could be the next step to take for cancer immunotherapy research and expose why bioconjugation chemistry might play a key role in these future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Thoreau
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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5
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Che YQ, Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu HY, Shen D, Luo Y. Baseline Lymphopenia: A Predictor Of Poor Outcomes In HER2 positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated With Trastuzumab. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3727-3734. [PMID: 31754298 PMCID: PMC6825475 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s212610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Despite selection based on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, not all HER2-positive patients benefit from trastuzumab therapy. Recent reports indicate that trastuzumab treatment failure may be associated with immune system dysfunction. We examined the prognostic relevance of the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who received trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy. Methods Baseline ALC and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) data from trastuzumab-treated patients with MBC were studied retrospectively, and associations between baseline ALC and clinical characteristics evaluated. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox regression hazard model were applied to assess effects on outcomes. Results Of a total of 68 patients, 19.1% (13/68) had baseline ALCs ≤ 1 G/L. Baseline lymphopenia was correlated with increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and higher NLR. In univariate analysis, higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was associated with inferior overall survival (OS) (P = 0.001); higher LDH was associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.045) and OS (P = 0.010). We did not observe any differences in objective response rate or disease control rate between patients with lymphopenia and those with normal ALC. Importantly, patients with baseline lymphopenia had inferior PFS (0.60 years vs 1.17 years, P = 0.000009) and OS (1.88 years vs 3.80 years, P = 0.0003). In multivariable analysis, significance of ALCs was retained for lymphopenia (PFS: P = 0.0005; OS: P = 0.016). Conclusion Our data indicate that baseline ALC value of ≤1 G/L is a predictor of poor outcomes, but not of response, in patients with MBC treated with trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Che
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang District Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100122, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
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Weiss E, Sarnovsky R, Ho M, Arons E, Kreitman R, Angelus E, Antignani A, FitzGerald D. Generation of antibody-based therapeutics targeting the Idiotype of B-cell Malignancies. Antib Ther 2019; 2:1-10. [PMID: 30801054 PMCID: PMC6383771 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tby012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A feature of many B-cell tumors is a surface-expressed immunoglobulin (sIg). The complementarity determiningregions (CDRs)of the sIg, termed the 'idiotype', are unique to each tumor. We report on a phage selection strategy to generate anti-idiotype therapeutics that react with sIg CDR3 sequences: the MEC1 B-cell tumor line was used as proof of concept. METHODS To create a mimetic of the MEC1 idiotype, CDR3 sequences from heavy and light chains of the sIg were grafted into a scFv framework scaffold. Using the Tomlinson I phage library of human scFvs, we enriched for binders to MEC1 CDR3 sequences over unrelated CDR3 sequences. RESULTS By ELISA we identified 10 binder phage. Of these, five were sequenced, found to be unique and characterized further. By flow cytometry each of the five phage bound to MEC1 cells, albeit with different patterns of reactivity. To establish specificity of binding and utility, the scFv sequences from two of these binders (phage 1, and 7) were converted into antibody-toxin fusion proteins (immunotoxins) and also cloned into a human IgG1 expression vector. Binder-1 and -7 immunotoxins exhibited specific killing of MEC1 cells with little toxicity for non-target B-cell lines. The full-length antibody recreated from the binder-1 scFv so exhibited specific binding. CONCLUSION Our results establish the utility of using engrafted CDR3 sequences for selecting phage that recognize the idiotype of B-cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Weiss
- Biotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 37/5124 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Sarnovsky
- Biotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 37/5124 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Biotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 37/5124 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Evgeny Arons
- Biotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 37/5124 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Kreitman
- Biotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 37/5124 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Evan Angelus
- Biotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 37/5124 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Antonella Antignani
- Biotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 37/5124 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David FitzGerald
- Biotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 37/5124 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Moy JD, Moskovitz JM, Ferris RL. Biological mechanisms of immune escape and implications for immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2017; 76:152-166. [PMID: 28324750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in cytotoxic therapies and surgical techniques, overall survival (OS) has not improved over the past few decades. This emphasises the need for intense investigation into novel therapies with good tumour control and minimal toxicity. Cancer immunotherapy has led this endeavour, attempting to improve tumour recognition and expand immune responses against tumour cells. While various forms of HNSCC immunotherapy are in preclinical trials, the most promising direction thus far has been with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targeting growth factor and immune checkpoint receptors. Preclinical and early phase trials have shown unprecedented efficacy with minimal adverse effects. This article will review biological mechanisms of immune escape and implications for immunotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Moy
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zarogoulidis P, Petanidis S, Domvri K, Kioseoglou E, Anestakis D, Freitag L, Zarogoulidis K, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Eberhardt W. Autophagy inhibition upregulates CD4 + tumor infiltrating lymphocyte expression via miR-155 regulation and TRAIL activation. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1516-1531. [PMID: 27692344 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major challenge in lung cancer treatment. Recent findings have revealed that autophagic mechanism contributes significantly to immunosuppressive related chemoresistance. For that reason, targeting autophagy-related immunosuppression is an important approach to reverse tumor drug resistance. In this study, we report for the first time that autophagy inhibition triggers upregulation of CD4+, Foxp3+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in late metastatic lung cancer tissues. Furthermore, autophagy blockage induces chemosensitization to carboplatin, immune activation and cell cycle arrest. This induction correlated with reduction in expression of drug resistance genes MDR1, MRP1, ABCG2 and ABCC2 along with decreased expression of PD-L1 which is associated with severe dysfunction of tumor specific CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, experiments revealed that co-treatment of carboplatin and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine increased lung tissue infiltration by CD4+, FoxP3+ lymphocytes and antigen-specific immune activation. Subsequent ex vivo experiments showed the activation of carboplatin related TRAIL-dependent apoptosis through caspase 8 and a synergistic role of miR-155 in lung tissue infiltration by CD4+, and FoxP3+ lymphocytes. Overall, our results indicate that autophagy blockage increases lung cancer chemosensitivity to carboplatin, but also reveal that miR-155 functions as a novel immune system activator by promoting TILs infiltration. These results indicate that targeting of autophagy can prevent cancer related immunosuppression and elucidate immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment thus representing a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit lung cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 57010, Greece
| | - Savvas Petanidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Domvri
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 57010, Greece
| | - Efrosini Kioseoglou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Doxakis Anestakis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of General Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Lutz Freitag
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, University of Essen-Duisburg, Tueschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 57010, Greece
| | | | - Wilfried Eberhardt
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
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Nakai K, Hung MC, Yamaguchi H. A perspective on anti-EGFR therapies targeting triple-negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1609-1623. [PMID: 27648353 PMCID: PMC5004067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), accounts for about 15-20% of breast cancers and is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. There are currently no effective therapies against metastatic TNBC. Compared with other breast cancer subtypes, EGFR is frequently overexpressed in TNBC and a potential therapeutic target for this disease. There are two types of EGFR inhibitors, small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and monoclonal antibody (mAb), for the treatment of cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. For breast cancer, however, the clinical trials of EGFR inhibitors have failed due to low response rates. Because a small portion of patients do demonstrate response to EGFR inhibitors, it may be necessary to stratify patients to enhance the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in TNBC and to develop the effective combination therapy for this patient population. In this review, we describe some of the molecular mechanisms underlying EGFR inhibitor sensitivity and further discuss the possible therapeutic strategies to increase the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nakai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUSA
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of MedicineBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUSA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University and HospitalTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUSA
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Kinzel S, Lehmann-Horn K, Torke S, Häusler D, Winkler A, Stadelmann C, Payne N, Feldmann L, Saiz A, Reindl M, Lalive PH, Bernard CC, Brück W, Weber MS. Myelin-reactive antibodies initiate T cell-mediated CNS autoimmune disease by opsonization of endogenous antigen. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:43-58. [PMID: 27022743 PMCID: PMC4911382 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders, antigen-specific B cells are implicated to act as potent antigen-presenting cells (APC), eliciting waves of inflammatory CNS infiltration. Here, we provide the first evidence that CNS-reactive antibodies (Ab) are similarly capable of initiating an encephalitogenic immune response by targeting endogenous CNS antigen to otherwise inert myeloid APC. In a transgenic mouse model, constitutive production of Ab against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was sufficient to promote spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the absence of B cells, when mice endogenously contained MOG-recognizing T cells. Adoptive transfer studies corroborated that anti-MOG Ab triggered activation and expansion of peripheral MOG-specific T cells in an Fc-dependent manner, subsequently causing EAE. To evaluate the underlying mechanism, anti-MOG Ab were added to a co-culture of myeloid APC and MOG-specific T cells. At otherwise undetected concentrations, anti-MOG Ab enabled Fc-mediated APC recognition of intact MOG; internalized, processed and presented MOG activated naïve T cells to differentiate in an encephalitogenic manner. In a series of translational experiments, anti-MOG Ab from two patients with an acute flare of CNS inflammation likewise facilitated detection of human MOG. Jointly, these observations highlight Ab-mediated opsonization of endogenous CNS auto-antigen as a novel disease- and/or relapse-triggering mechanism in CNS demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kinzel
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Lehmann-Horn
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Torke
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Darius Häusler
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Winkler
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Payne
- Monash Regenerative Medicine Institute, Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linda Feldmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albert Saiz
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude C Bernard
- Monash Regenerative Medicine Institute, Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Weber
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany.
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Patterson AM, Kaabinejadian S, McMurtrey CP, Bardet W, Jackson KW, Zuna RE, Husain S, Adams GP, MacDonald G, Dillon RL, Ames H, Buchli R, Hawkins OE, Weidanz JA, Hildebrand WH. Human Leukocyte Antigen-Presented Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is a Surface Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target for Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:313-22. [PMID: 26719579 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T cells recognize cancer cells via HLA/peptide complexes, and when disease overtakes these immune mechanisms, immunotherapy can exogenously target these same HLA/peptide surface markers. We previously identified an HLA-A2-presented peptide derived from macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and generated antibody RL21A against this HLA-A2/MIF complex. The objective of the current study was to assess the potential for targeting the HLA-A2/MIF complex in ovarian cancer. First, MIF peptide FLSELTQQL was eluted from the HLA-A2 of the human cancerous ovarian cell lines SKOV3, A2780, OV90, and FHIOSE118hi and detected by mass spectrometry. By flow cytometry, RL21A was shown to specifically stain these four cell lines in the context of HLA-A2. Next, partially matched HLA-A*02:01+ ovarian cancer (n = 27) and normal fallopian tube (n = 24) tissues were stained with RL21A by immunohistochemistry to assess differential HLA-A2/MIF complex expression. Ovarian tumor tissues revealed significantly increased RL21A staining compared with normal fallopian tube epithelium (P < 0.0001), with minimal staining of normal stroma and blood vessels (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001 compared with tumor cells) suggesting a therapeutic window. We then demonstrated the anticancer activity of toxin-bound RL21A via the dose-dependent killing of ovarian cancer cells. In summary, MIF-derived peptide FLSELTQQL is HLA-A2-presented and recognized by RL21A on ovarian cancer cell lines and patient tumor tissues, and targeting of this HLA-A2/MIF complex with toxin-bound RL21A can induce ovarian cancer cell death. These results suggest that the HLA-A2/MIF complex should be further explored as a cell-surface target for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Saghar Kaabinejadian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Curtis P McMurtrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Pure MHC LLC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wilfried Bardet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ken W Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rosemary E Zuna
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sanam Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | | | | | - Harold Ames
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas
| | | | - Oriana E Hawkins
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Jon A Weidanz
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - William H Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Pure MHC LLC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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12
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Allen CT, Clavijo PE, Van Waes C, Chen Z. Anti-Tumor Immunity in Head and Neck Cancer: Understanding the Evidence, How Tumors Escape and Immunotherapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2397-414. [PMID: 26690220 PMCID: PMC4695900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many carcinogen- and human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancers (HNSCC) display a hematopoietic cell infiltrate indicative of a T-cell inflamed phenotype and an underlying anti-tumor immune response. However, by definition, these tumors have escaped immune elimination and formed a clinically significant malignancy. A number of both genetic and environmental mechanisms may allow such immune escape, including selection of poorly antigenic cancer cell subsets, tumor produced proinflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines, recruitment of immunosuppressive immune cell subsets into the tumor and expression of checkpoint pathway components that limit T-cell responses. Here, we explore concepts of antigenicity and immunogenicity in solid tumors, summarize the scientific and clinical data that supports the use of immunotherapeutic approaches in patients with head and neck cancer, and discuss immune-based treatment approaches currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint T Allen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Paul E Clavijo
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Harnessing the ability of the immune system to eradicate cancer has been a long-held goal of oncology. Work from the last two decades has finally brought immunotherapy into the forefront for cancer treatment, with demonstrable clinical success for aggressive tumors where other therapies had failed. In this review, we will discuss a range of therapies that are in different stages of clinical or preclinical development for companion animals with cancer, and which share the common objective of eliciting adaptive, anti-tumor immune responses. Even though challenges remain, manipulating the immune system holds significant promise to create durable responses and improve outcomes in companion animals with cancer. Furthermore, what we learn from this process will inform and accelerate development of comparable therapies for human cancer patients.
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14
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Alrifai D, Sarker D, Maher J. Prospects for adoptive immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer using chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T-cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 38:50-60. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Battella S, Cox MC, Santoni A, Palmieri G. Natural killer (NK) cells and anti-tumor therapeutic mAb: unexplored interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:87-96. [PMID: 26136506 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5vmr0415-141r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting mAb are widely used in the treatment of a variety of solid and hematopoietic tumors and represent the first immunotherapeutic approach successfully arrived to the clinic. Nevertheless, the role of distinct immune mechanisms in contributing to their therapeutic efficacy is not completely understood and may vary depending on tumor- or antigen/antibody-dependent characteristics. Availability of next-generation, engineered, tumor-targeting mAb, optimized in their capability to recruit selected immune effectors, re-enforces the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying anti-tumor mAb functionality. NK cells participate with a major role to innate anti-tumor responses, by exerting cytotoxic activity and producing a vast array of cytokines. As the CD16 (low-affinity FcγRIIIA)-activating receptor is expressed on the majority of NK cells, its effector functions can be ideally recruited against therapeutic mAb-opsonized tumor cells. The exact role of NK cells in determining therapeutic efficacy of tumor-targeting mAb is still unclear and much sought after. This knowledge will be instrumental to design innovative combination schemes with newly validated immunomodulatory agents. We will summarize what is known about the role of NK cells in therapeutic anti-tumor mAb therapy, with particular emphasis on RTX chimeric anti-CD20 mAb, the first one used in clinical practice for treating B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battella
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Christina Cox
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Palmieri
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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