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Gamil H, Marzouk E, Zaher A. Virtual bracket removal: a comparative assessment of different software packages. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:770. [PMID: 38982396 PMCID: PMC11234721 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High precision intra-oral scans, coupled with advanced software, enable virtual bracket removal (VBR) from digital models. VBR allows the delivery of retainers and clear aligners promptly following debonding, thus reducing the patients' appointments and minimizing the likelihood of tooth movement. The objective of this study was to compare the enamel surface before bonding and after VBR using three different Computer-aided design (CAD) software and to compare their accuracy. METHODS Maxillary scans of 20 participants starting orthodontic treatment were selected for inclusion in the study, who exhibited mild to moderate crowding and required bonding of brackets on the labial surface of permanent maxillary teeth (from the maxillary left first molar to the maxillary right first molar). Two intra-oral scans were conducted on the same day, before bonding and immediately after bonding using CEREC Omnicam (Sirona Dental Systems, Bensheim, Germany). The virtual removal of the brackets from the post-bonding models was performed using OrthoAnalyzer (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark), Meshmixer (Autodesk, San Rafael, Calif, USA), and EasyRx (LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA) software. The models that underwent VBR were superimposed on the pre-bonding models by Medit Link App (Medit, Seoul, South Korea) using surface-based registration. The changes in the enamel surface following VBR using the three software packages were quantified using the Medit Link App. RESULTS There was a significant difference among the 3Shape, Meshmixer, and EasyRx software in tooth surface change following VBR. Specifically, EasyRx exhibited lower levels of accuracy compared to the other two VBR software programs (p<.001, p<.001). A significant difference in enamel surface change was observed between tooth segments across all software groups, in both incisors and molars, with VBR of the molars exhibiting the lowest level of accuracy (3Shape p=.002, Meshmixer p<.001, EasyRx p<.001). Regarding the direction of tooth surface changes following VBR, it was observed that all three groups exhibited a significant increase in the percentage of inadequate bracket removal across all teeth segments. CONCLUSIONS 3Shape and Meshmixer manual VBR software were found to be more accurate than EasyRx automated software, however, the differences were minimal and clinically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Gamil
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St, P. O. Box: 21521, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eiman Marzouk
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abbas Zaher
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Bock NC, Klaus K, Liebel MM, Ruf S, Wöstmann B, Schlenz MA. What to Prefer in Patients with Multibracket Appliances? Digital vs. Conventional Full-Arch Impressions-A Reference Aid-Based In Vivo Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093071. [PMID: 37176511 PMCID: PMC10179177 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the transfer accuracy and required time for digital full-arch impressions obtained from intraoral scanners (IOSs) versus conventional alginate impressions (CAIs) in patients with multibracket appliances (MBA). Thirty patients with buccal MBAs (metal brackets, archwire removed) were examined using an established reference aid method. Impression-taking using four IOSs (Primescan, Trios 4, Medit i700, Emerald S) and one CAI with subsequent plaster casting were conducted. One-hundred-twenty (n = 30 × 4) scans were analyzed with 3D software (GOM Inspect) and 30 (n = 30 × 1) casts were assessed using a coordinate measurement machine. Six distances and six angles were measured and compared to the reference aid values (ANOVA; p < 0.05). Except for the intermolar distance, transfer accuracy was significantly higher with IOSs than with CAIs (p < 0.05). No such difference was found regarding the six angles. In patients with MBAs, digital impression-taking using IOSs can be recommended. For all measured variables except one, the transfer accuracy of IOSs was better than or at least equivalent to the data from CAIs. In addition, significantly (p < 0.001) less time was necessary for all IOSs in comparison to CAIs plus plaster casting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Christian Bock
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katharina Klaus
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Moritz Maximilian Liebel
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wöstmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Amelie Schlenz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Schlenz MA, Klaus K, Schmidt A, Wöstmann B, Mersmann M, Ruf S, Bock NC. The transfer accuracy of digital and conventional full-arch impressions influenced by fixed orthodontic appliances: a reference aid-based in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:273-283. [PMID: 36109373 PMCID: PMC9876864 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of fixed orthodontic appliances (FOAs) on the transfer accuracy of full-arch impressions by five intraoral scanners (IOSs): CS3600, Primescan, Trios 4, Medit i500, Emerald S, and one conventional alginate impression (CAI). MATERIALS AND METHODS To compare the data with the actual model situation, an established reference aid-based method was applied. A test model with human teeth was used and modified for each testing group, resulting in five different settings: natural teeth (group A), metal brackets without/with wire (groups B/C), ceramic brackets without/with wire (groups D/E). A total of 300 (n = 12 × 5 × 5) scan datasets of IOSs were analyzed using a 3D software (GOM Inspect) and 60 (n = 12 × 5) plaster casts of CAI were measured with a coordinate measurement machine. The deviations between the reference aid and the impressions were determined. RESULTS For all groups with brackets (B to E), IOSs showed a higher transfer accuracy compared to CAI, even for long-span distances. However, some significant differences between the IOSs were observed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this in vitro study, IOSs can be recommended for impressions with and without FOAs, even if CAI showed the smallest average deviations in settings without FOAs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE IOSs are widely used in orthodontics and the current study demonstrated that their use enables fast impression taking even in settings with fixed orthodontic appliances. In addition, for these settings, the transfer accuracy is higher than with conventional alginate impressions. Nevertheless, a re-investigation in a clinical setting should be performed to verify the current in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliane Amelie Schlenz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katharina Klaus
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wöstmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marco Mersmann
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Niko Christian Bock
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Marsh K, Weissheimer A, Yin K, Chamberlain-Umanoff A, Tong H, Sameshima GT. Three-dimensional assessment of virtual bracket removal for orthodontic retainers: A prospective clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:302-311. [PMID: 34332692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Computer-aided design and manufacturing of orthodontic retainers from digitally debonded models can be used to facilitate same-day delivery. The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to validate a novel technique for virtual bracket removal (VBR) in-office, comparing the accuracy with 2 orthodontic laboratories that use VBR for retainer fabrication in the digital workflow. METHODS The sample consisted of 40 intraoral scans of 20 patients. Four groups were compared. The scans without brackets were used as a control group. VBR was performed by 3 groups: In-office VBR (Software Meshmixer, version 3.5.474; Autodesk, San Rafael, Calif), Orthodent Laboratory (ODL; Buffalo, NY), and New England Orthodontic Laboratory (NEOLab; Andover, Mass). The virtually debonded models were superimposed onto the control models using surface-based registration. Regional 3-dimensional Euclidean distances between surface points of superimposed models were calculated for comparative analysis of surface changes after VBR using Vector Analysis Module (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ) software. RESULTS The accuracy of VBR using the Meshmixer did not differ significantly from the VBR protocols used by the 2 laboratories. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the 2 laboratories, with ODL showing lower accuracy than NEOLab. Although some differences were statistically significant, they were very small and not considered clinically relevant. There was also a statistically significant difference between the 3 tooth segments (incisors, canines/premolars, and first molars), with VBR of the first molars and second premolars showing the least accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The VBR techniques using the in-office Meshmixer, ODL, and NEOLab were considered accurate enough for the clinical use of orthodontic retainers fabricated from printed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Marsh
- Advanced Orthodontic Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Andre Weissheimer
- Advanced Orthodontic Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
| | | | | | - Hongsheng Tong
- Advanced Orthodontic Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Glenn T Sameshima
- Advanced Orthodontic Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
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Jivanescu A, Faur AB, Rotar RN. Can Dental Office Lighting Intensity Conditions Influence the Accuracy of Intraoral Scanning? SCANNING 2021; 2021:9980590. [PMID: 34131466 PMCID: PMC8179770 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9980590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different settings of ambient light intensity inside the dental office on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of an intraoral scanner (IOS). A full crown preparation was conducted on a resin molar which was scanned using a high resolution extraoral scanner to obtain a reference model. Six light settings were chosen based on the most clinically relevant light conditions inside the workspace, and the preparation was scanned using an intraoral scanner (PlanScan, Planmeca). The obtained data was analyzed using a professional 3D quality control software (Geomagic Control X). There was no statistically relevant difference between the groups when regarding trueness, although a slight influence of the light intensity could be observed on the trueness values. Regarding precision, the best results were obtained in the 3800 lux group, with the other groups presenting close values, excepting the extreme values (400 lux and 11 000 lux) groups that proved to be the most deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Jivanescu
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, TADERP Research Center, Timisoara, B-dul Revolutiei 1989, No 9, 300580, Romania
| | - Andrei-Bogdan Faur
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara (UMFT), Romania
| | - Raul Nicolae Rotar
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, TADERP Research Center, Timisoara, B-dul Revolutiei 1989, No 9, 300580, Romania
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Chen Q, Jin X, Zhu H, Salehi HS, Wei K. 3D distribution of dental plaque on occlusal surface using 2D-fluorescence-image to 3D-surface registration. Comput Biol Med 2020; 123:103860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nagy Z, Simon B, Mennito A, Evans Z, Renne W, Vág J. Comparing the trueness of seven intraoral scanners and a physical impression on dentate human maxilla by a novel method. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:97. [PMID: 32264943 PMCID: PMC7137345 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Intraoral scanner (IOS) accuracy is commonly evaluated using full-arch surface comparison, which fails to take into consideration the starting position of the scanning (scan origin). Previously a novel method was developed, which takes into account the scan origin and calculates the deviation of predefined identical points between references and test models. This method may reveal the error caused by stitching individual images during intraoral scan. This study aimed to validate the novel method by comparing the trueness of seven IOSs (Element 1, Element 2, Emerald, Omnicam, Planscan, Trios 3, CS 3600) to a physical impression digitized by laboratory scanner which lacks linear stitching problems. Methods Digital test models of a dentate human cadaver maxilla were made by IOSs and by laboratory scanner after polyvinylsiloxane impression. All scans started on the occlusal surface of the tooth #15 (universal notation, scan origin) and finished at tooth #2. The reference model and test models were superimposed at the scan origin in GOM Inspect software. Deviations were measured between identical points on three different axes, and the complex 3D deviation was calculated. The effect of scanners, tooth, and axis was statistically analyzed by the generalized linear mixed model. Results The deviation gradually increased as the distance from scan origin increased for the IOSs but not for the physical impression. The highest deviation occurred mostly at the apico-coronal axis for the IOSs. The mean deviation of the physical impression (53 ± 2 μm) was not significantly different from the Trios 3 (156 ± 8 μm) and CS 3600 (365 ± 29 μm), but it was significantly lower than the values of Element 1 (531 ± 26 μm), Element 2 (246 ± 11 μm), Emerald (317 ± 13 μm), Omnicam (174 ± 11 μm), Planscan (903 ± 49 μm). Conclusions The physical impression was superior compared to the IOSs on dentate full-arch of human cadaver. The novel method could reveal the stitching error of IOSs, which may partly be caused by the difficulties in depth measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Nagy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi utca 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Botond Simon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi utca 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Anthony Mennito
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zachary Evans
- Department of Stomatology, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Walter Renne
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - János Vág
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi utca 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.
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Graf S, Hansa I. Clinical guidelines to integrate temporary anchorage devices for bone-borne orthodontic appliances in the digital workflow. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.25259/apos_78_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate different approaches to enhance the integration of temporary anchorage devices in the digital workflow of the daily orthodontic practice. We describe methods of varying complexity which could be used depending on the equipment available in the orthodontic clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Graf
- Private Orthodontic Practice, Smile AG, Belp, Bern, Switzerland,
| | - Ismaeel Hansa
- Department of Orthodontics, European University College, Dubai, UAE,
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