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Causa Andrieu PI, Wahab SA, Nougaret S, Petkovska I. Ovarian cancer during pregnancy. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:1694-1708. [PMID: 36538079 PMCID: PMC10627077 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Adnexal masses during pregnancy are a relatively uncommon entity. Their clinical management is challenging given the overlapping features of certain entities on imaging and histopathology, which can mimic malignancy, and the potential side effects to the mother and fetus, whether expectant management versus surgery is pursued. Ultrasonography with Doppler evaluation is the modality of choice for evaluating adnexal masses during pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging is the second-line modality useful when US findings are inconclusive/indeterminate. Most adnexal masses in pregnant patients are benign in origin (e.g., functional cysts, mature cystic teratoma, decidualization of endometrioma), but a few are malignant in origin (e.g., dysgerminoma, granulosa cell tumor). Most cases of adnexal masses are asymptomatic, but complications such as ovarian torsion can occur. This review aims to familiarize the radiologist with the imaging of adnexal lesions during pregnancy so that the radiologist can identify ovarian cancer. Specifically, the review will detail the most common benign and malignant adnexal masses in pregnancy, mimickers, and their corresponding imaging findings on US and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela I Causa Andrieu
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Shaun A Wahab
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Nougaret
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Iva Petkovska
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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2
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Bourgioti C, Konidari M, Moulopoulos LA. Manifestations of Ovarian Cancer in Relation to Other Pelvic Diseases by MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072106. [PMID: 37046767 PMCID: PMC10093428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnostic approach of women with suspected ovarian cancer. MRI is widely used for preoperative characterization and risk stratification of adnexal masses. While epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has typical findings on MRI; there are several benign and malignant pelvic conditions that may mimic its appearance on imaging. Knowledge of the origin and imaging characteristics of a pelvic mass will help radiologists diagnose ovarian cancer promptly and accurately. Finally, in special subgroups, including adolescents and gravid population, the prevalence of various ovarian tumors differs from that of the general population and there are conditions which uniquely manifest during these periods of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Bourgioti
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 76 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Konidari
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 76 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Lia Angela Moulopoulos
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 76 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece
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3
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Gargan ML, Frates MC, Benson CB, Guo Y. O-RADS Ultrasound Version 1: A Scenario-Based Review of Implementation Challenges. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2022; 219:916-927. [PMID: 35856453 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.22.28061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) ultrasound (US) risk stratification and management system was first published by the American College of Radiology in 2020. It provides standardized terminology for evaluation of ovarian and adnexal masses, aids risk stratification, and provides management guidelines for different categories of lesions. This system has been validated by subsequent research and found to be a useful diagnostic and management tool. However, as noted in the system's governing concepts, in some clinical scenarios, such as patients with acute symptoms or with a history of ovarian malignancy, O-RADS US does not apply, or the system's standard management may be adjusted. Additional scenarios, such as an adnexal mass in pregnancy, present challenges in the application of O-RADS US to assist diagnosis and management. The purpose of this article is to highlight 10 clinical scenarios in which O-RADS US version 1 may not apply, may be difficult to apply, or may require modified management. Additional scenarios in which O-RADS US can be appropriately applied are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Louise Gargan
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mary C Frates
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Carol B Benson
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
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4
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Gerasimova AA, Shevchenko Y, Klimenko PA, Asyrafyan LA. Comparative assessment of RMI-IV and RMI-V in preoperative prediction of ovarian tumor type in pregnant women. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2022.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of ovarian tumor type in pregnant women is of great clinical significance, however, it is vastly difficult. In the last 5–10 years gynecologists were suggested to use RMI (Risk of Malignancy Index) in non-pregnant women, however the value of the test for obstetric practice has yet to be established. The study was aimed to determine RMI-IV and RMI-V during preoperative non-invasive prediction of ovarian tumor type in pregnant women. Retrospective and prospective clinical and laboratory data of 114 pregnant women aged 20–38 were collected. Among them 15 patients had malignant ovarian tumors (MOTs), 28 had borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs), and 71 had benign ovarian tumors. Color Doppler and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound was performed. The levels of СА-125 were defined by enzyme immunoassay. Models IV, V were used to assess the risk of ovarian cancer. A moderate non-significant increase in blood levels of СА-125 compared to patients with benign ovarian tumors and BOTs was found in pregnant women with MOTs. Patients with BOTs and MOTs showed higher RMI-IV and RMI-V values compared to the group of pregnant women with benign ovarian tumors. Extreme values are required to guarantee the differences in the diagnosis of tumors (RMI-IV > 3500 indicate the presence of MOTs, the values below 100 indicate no malignancy). Similar RMI-V values are 1500 and 60. However, in most cases, availability of RMI-IV and RMI-V is insufficient for decision making, and a comprehensive approach has to be used. Thus, it is difficult to define ovarian mass type in pregnant women using RMI only. Comprehensive clinical assessment with the use of imaging methods is required for preoperative prediction of ovarian mass type in pregnant women, along with the use of prognostic models taking into account the majority of descriptive “morphological” tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- AA Gerasimova
- Center of Family Planning and Reproduction of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - YuV Shevchenko
- Center of Family Planning and Reproduction of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - PA Klimenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - LA Asyrafyan
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
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Petousis S, Chatzakis C, Westerway SC, Abramowicz JS, Dinas K, Dong Y, Dietrich CF, Sotiriadis A. World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine Review Paper: Incidental Findings during Obstetrical Ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:10-19. [PMID: 34702644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of incidental findings revealed during an obstetric ultrasound examination is low, the findings may include adnexal and cervical masses, uterine or urinary congenital malformations, free fluid in the pouch of Douglas or tortuous vessels (varices). Adnexal masses are the most common finding and vary in imaging characteristics. They are mainly unilateral, cystic masses with a low risk of malignancy that are treated conservatively. The International Ovarian Tumor Analysis scoring models may be helpful in differentiating benign from malignant masses. For those masses >5 cm, follow-up is recommended, and resection could be considered to avoid risk of torsion, rupture and hemorrhage, which may compromise pregnancy outcome. Uterine masses such as fibroids are commonly diagnosed early in the first trimester and should be followed up during pregnancy to evaluate any changes. Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound is the first-line test for the diagnosis of such incidentalomas; however, magnetic resonance ultrasound may have a useful role in excluding malignancy potential. As a result of their low frequency and the lack of good evidence, there are no specific guidelines on the management of incidentalomas detected at obstetric scans. Their management should follow the related general guidelines for ovarian, cervical and uterine masses, with individualized management depending on the pregnancy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatios Petousis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Chatzakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Jacques S Abramowicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandros Sotiriadis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ultrasonographic ovarian mass scoring system for predicting malignancy in pregnant women with ovarian mass. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2021; 65:1-13. [PMID: 34902893 PMCID: PMC8784942 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.21212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During routine antenatal ultrasound examinations, an ovarian mass can be found incidentally. In clinical practice, the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant ovarian masses is essential for planning further management. Ultrasound imaging has become the most popular diagnostic tool during pregnancy, with the recent development of ultrasonography. In non-pregnant women, several methods have been used to predict malignant ovarian masses before surgery. The International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group reported several scoring systems, such as the IOTA simple rules, IOTA logistic regression models, and IOTA assessment of different NEoplasias in the adneXa. Other researchers have also evaluated the malignancy of ovarian masses before surgery using scoring systems such as the Sassone score, pelvic mass score, DePriest score, Lerner score, and Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System. These researchers suggested specific features of ovarian masses that can be used for differential diagnosis, including size, proportion of solid tissue, papillary projections, inner wall structure, locules, wall thickness, septa, echogenicity, acoustic shadows, and presence of ascites. Although these factors can also be measured in pregnant women using ultrasound, only a few studies have applied ovarian scoring systems in pregnant women. In this article, we reviewed various scoring systems for predicting malignant tumors of the ovary and determined whether they can be applied to pregnant women.
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Hakoun AM, AbouAl-Shaar I, Zaza KJ, Abou-Al-Shaar H, A Salloum MN. Adnexal masses in pregnancy: An updated review. Avicenna J Med 2021; 7:153-157. [PMID: 29119081 PMCID: PMC5655645 DOI: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_22_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adnexal masses in pregnancy are not commonly encountered. The majority of these masses are discovered incidentally during routine follow-up. However, some of these masses become symptomatic due to their size, location, and impingement of adjacent structures. Several diagnostic modalities can be utilized for the detection of adnexal masses with different sensitivity and specificity rates. The differential diagnosis of adnexal masses discovered during pregnancy is broad and includes both benign and malignant lesions. The management of such lesions has been a subject of debate for years with no consensus regarding the best management plan. Tumor size, site, and the trimester of mass detection are all crucial in management. In this account, we review adnexal masses discovered in pregnancy, the diagnostic modalities utilized for detecting these lesions, their differential diagnosis, and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iyad AbouAl-Shaar
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khaled J Zaza
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Importance Adnexal masses are identified in approximately 0.05% to 2.4% of pregnancies, and more recent data note a higher incidence due to widespread use of antenatal ultrasound. Whereas most adnexal masses are benign, approximately 1% to 6% are malignant. Proper diagnosis and management of adnexal masses in pregnancy are an important skill for obstetricians. Objective The aim of this study was to review imaging modalities for evaluating adnexal masses in pregnancy and imaging characteristics that differentiate benign and malignant masses, examine various types of adnexal masses, and understand complications of and explore management options for adnexal masses in pregnancy. Evidence Acquisition This was a literature review using primarily PubMed and Google Scholar. Results Ultrasound can distinguish between simple-appearing benign ovarian cysts and masses with more complex features that can be associated with malignancy. Radiologic information can help guide physicians toward recommending conservative management with observation or surgical removal during pregnancy to facilitate diagnosis and treatment. The risks of expectant management of an adnexal mass during pregnancy include rupture, torsion, need for emergent surgery, labor obstruction, and progression of malignancy. Historically, surgical removal was performed more routinely to avoid such complications in pregnancy; however, increasing knowledge has directed management toward conservative measures for benign masses. Surgical removal of adnexal masses is increasingly performed via minimally invasive techniques including laparoscopy and robotic surgery due to a decreased risk of surgical complications compared with laparotomy. Conclusions and Relevance Adnexal masses are increasingly identified in pregnancy because of the use of antenatal ultrasound. Clear and specific guidelines exist to help differentiate between benign and malignant masses. This is important for management as benign masses can usually be conservatively managed, whereas malignant masses require excision for diagnosis and treatment. A multidisciplinary approach, including referral to gynecologic oncology, should be used for masses with complex features associated with malignancy. Proper diagnosis and management of adnexal masses in pregnancy are an important skill for obstetricians.
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Zhang Z, Zheng X, Zhang M, Li J, Zhao J, Zheng J, Wang S. Pathological features of persistent adnexal masses in pregnancy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:973. [PMID: 34277773 PMCID: PMC8267286 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The composition of pelvic masses during pregnancy is complex, and over >70% of masses are physiology. Determining the source and nature of tumor tissue is incredibly important in clinical practice, as the proportion of metastatic and low-grade tumors in adnexal masses increase during pregnancy. This study sought to analyze the pathological features of persistent adnexal masses in pregnancy. Methods A retrospective case analysis method was adopted to summarize the pathologic features of persistent adnexal masses in pregnancy in 228 patients at the Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University. Results Mature teratoma was the most common histopathological type of persistent adnexal masses in pregnancy (66/228, 28.95%), followed by the corpus luteum of pregnancy (38/228, 16.67%). Borderline/malignant tumors accounted for 5.70% (13/228) of tumors. Malignant adnexal tumor tissues were derived from multiple types of tissues. a single-factor analysis showed that borderline/malignant tumors had a significant relationship with the morphological features of mass in the ultrasound (P=0.000), and had a significant relationship with initial mass size (P=0.018). A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis indicated no certain independent risk factor. A significant difference in tumor pathology distribution was noted between those who underwent emergency surgery during pregnancy, elective surgery during pregnancy, and simultaneous tumor removal during cesarean section (χ2=24.22, P=0.000). Conclusions A special particularity exists in the pathology distribution of persistent adnexal masses in pregnancy. Additionally, extensive histological sources and the need to rule out borderline/malignancy for solid cystic tumors were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fangshan District, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kotani Y, Murakami K, Yamamoto K, Fujishima R, Yahata T, Yo Y, Shimaoka M, Matsumura N. Ovarian cyst elevation using a metreurynter for laparoscopic cystectomy of a benign ovarian cyst during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:321. [PMID: 33892651 PMCID: PMC8063414 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A uterine manipulator cannot be used to elevate the ovary in benign ovarian surgery during pregnancy. This report describes our method of elevation of the ovary using a metreurynter with the success rate of the procedure and a comparison of surgical results and pregnancy outcomes between the successful and unsuccessful cases. METHODS Between August 2003 and February 2020, 11 pregnant patients with a tumor found sunk in the Cul-de-sac underwent laparoscopic cystectomy for a benign ovarian cyst with a metreurynter. The surgical results, success and failure of the elevation by a metreurynter, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal status at delivery were evaluated. RESULTS Elevation of ovarian tumors with a metreurynter was successful in nine cases. However, it was unsuccessful in the remaining two cases wherein the ovary was lifted with forceps while the uterus was in a compressed state. The operative time was also longer in these cases. The pregnancy prognosis, however, was good for both, successful and unsuccessful cases. CONCLUSIONS The metreurynter is an inexpensive and practical obstetric device, and its optimal use allows the performance of a procedure with minimal burden on a pregnant uterus. Therefore, we recommend the appropriate use of this method to enable effective laparoscopic cystectomy of ovarian tumors during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kiko Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Risa Fujishima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tamaki Yahata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshie Yo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masao Shimaoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Gui B, Cambi F, Micco M, Sbarra M, Petta F, Autorino R, De Vincenzo R, Valentini V, Scambia G, Manfredi R. MRI in pregnant patients with suspected abdominal and pelvic cancer: a practical guide for radiologists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:183-192. [PMID: 32071031 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2019.19343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of abdominal and pelvic cancer in pregnancy is low, but it is rising as the population of pregnant women gets older. Depending on disease stage, gestational age and patient's preference, active surveillance as well as surgery and chemotherapy are feasible options during pregnancy. Correct diagnosis and staging of the tumor is crucial for choosing the best therapeutic approach. Moreover, a reproducible modality to assess the treatment response is requested. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used with good results for the local staging and treatment response evaluation of most abdominal and pelvic cancers in nonpregnant patients, and it is considered relatively safe during pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to analyze the most relevant topics regarding the use of MRI in pregnant women with abdominal and pelvic cancer. We discuss MRI safety during pregnancy, including the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), how to prepare the patient for the exam and MRI technique. This will be followed by a brief review on the most common malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy and their MRI appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Gui
- General Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Area, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Cambi
- General Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Area, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy;Institute of Radiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Maura Micco
- General Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Area, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Martina Sbarra
- General Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Area, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy;Institute of Radiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Petta
- General Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Area, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy;Institute of Radiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosa Autorino
- Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Area, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosa De Vincenzo
- Department of Woman and Child Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy;Institute of Obstetric and Gynaecology Clinic, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Area, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy;Institute of Radiation Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy;Institute of Obstetric and Gynaecology Clinic, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Manfredi
- General Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Area, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy;Institute of Radiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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12
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Cagino K, Li X, Thomas C, Delgado D, Christos P, Acholonu U. Surgical Management of Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 28:1171-1182.e2. [PMID: 33515746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of adnexal masses in pregnancy is 1% to 6%. Although surgery is often indicated, there are no definitive management guidelines. We aimed to investigate the optimal approach to surgical management of adnexal masses in pregnancy on the basis of a meta-analysis of previous studies. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic review using MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception to July 17, 2020. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION There were no restrictions on study type, language, or publication date. Comparative and noncomparative retrospective studies that reviewed operative techniques used in surgery of adnexal masses in pregnancy were included. Meta-analyses were performed to assess outcomes. This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42019129709). TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS Comparative studies were identified for laparoscopy vs laparotomy and elective vs emergent surgery (11 and 4, respectively). Elective surgery is defined as a scheduled antepartum procedure. For laparoscopy vs laparotomy, the mean maternal ages and gestational ages at time of surgery were similar (27.8 years vs 27.7 years, p = .85; 16.2 weeks in laparoscopy vs 15.4 weeks in laparotomy, p = .59). Mass size was larger in those undergoing laparotomy (mean 8.8 cm vs 7.8 cm, p = .03). The most common pathologic condition was dermoid cyst (36%), and the risk of discovering a malignant tumor was 1%. Laparoscopy was not associated with a statistically increased risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) or preterm delivery (PTD) (odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-3.52; p = .31 and OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.47-1.89; p = .88, respectively). The mean length of hospital stay was 2.5 days after laparoscopy vs 5.3 days after laparotomy (p <.001). The decrease in estimated blood loss in laparoscopy was not statistically significant (94.0 mL in laparotomy vs 54.0 mL in laparoscopy, p = .06). Operative times were similar in laparoscopy and laparotomy (80.0 minutes vs 72.5 minutes, p = .09). Elective surgery was associated with a decreased risk of PTD (OR 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.48; p = .05). Noncomparative studies were identified for laparoscopy and laparotomy. Laparotomy had more SABs and PTDs than laparoscopy (pooled proportion = 0.02 vs 0.07 and pooled proportion = 0.02 vs 0.14, respectively). CONCLUSION Laparoscopy for the surgical management of adnexal masses in pregnancy is associated with shorter length of hospital stay and similar risk of SAB or PTD. Elective surgery is associated with a decreased risk of PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Cagino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Cagino, Li, and Acholonu, Jr).
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Cagino, Li, and Acholonu, Jr)
| | - Charlene Thomas
- Department of Population Health Sciences (Dr. Christos and Ms. Thomas)
| | - Diana Delgado
- Samuel J. Wood Library and C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center (Ms. Delgado), NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul Christos
- Department of Population Health Sciences (Dr. Christos and Ms. Thomas)
| | - Uchenna Acholonu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Cagino, Li, and Acholonu, Jr)
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13
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Franciszek Dłuski D, Mierzyński R, Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Ovarian Cancer and Pregnancy-A Current Problem in Perinatal Medicine: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3795. [PMID: 33339178 PMCID: PMC7765590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of concomitant adnexal tumors in pregnancy is reported to be at 0.15-5.7%, while ovarian cancer complicates 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 32,000 pregnancies, being the second most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. The aim of this review is to discuss the problem of ovarian cancer complicating pregnancy and the current recommendations for diagnostics and treatment, with an emphasis on the risk to the fetus. A detailed analysis of the literature found in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases using the keywords "ovarian cancer", "ovarian malignancy", "adnexal masses", "ovarian tumor" and "pregnancy" was performed. There were no studies on a large series of pregnant women treated for ovarian malignancies and the management has not been well established. The diagnostics and therapeutic procedures need to be individualized with respect to the histopathology of the tumor, its progression, the gestational age at the time of diagnosis and the mother's decisions regarding pregnancy preservation. The multidisciplinary cooperation of specialists in perinatal medicine, gynecological oncology, chemotherapy, neonatology and psychology seems crucial in order to obtain the best possible maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Franciszek Dłuski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Lubelskie Region, Poland; (R.M.); (E.P.-C.); (B.L.-G.)
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14
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Wang L, Huang S, Sheng X, Ren C, Wang Q, Yang L, Zhao S, Xu T, Ma X, Guo R, Sun P, Lin Y, Li Y, Wang J, Wang Y. Malignant Ovarian Tumors During Pregnancy: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10841-10848. [PMID: 33149689 PMCID: PMC7605603 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s271806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and management of malignant ovarian tumors during pregnancy, as well as the feto-maternal outcomes and analyze the influential factors on the pregnancy outcomes. Patients and Methods Eighty-five patients with ovarian malignancies during pregnancy treated at 12 tertiary hospitals between 2009 and 2019 were analyzed in this study. The clinical features, histopathological characteristics, clinical management, and maternal and perinatal outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features and managements were compared between abortion group and live birth group. Results The following diagnoses were made: 41 (48.24%) patients with borderline ovarian tumors, 18 (21.18%) patients with epithelial ovarian cancers, 17 (20.00%) patients with non-epithelial ovarian malignancies and 9 (10.59%) patients with metastatic ovarian tumors. Thirty-six (42.45%) patients underwent conservative surgical treatment. Thirty-four (40.00%) patients opted for fertility-sparing surgery, and fifteen (17.56%) patients received radical surgery. Chemotherapy was administered to 32.94% of the patients. The proportion of ovarian malignancies diagnosed in the first trimester in the abortion group was higher than that in the live birth group (P<0.05). However, tumor diameter, reproductive history, stage and surgical indications showed no significant differences between groups. A total of 67 live babies were recorded in this study, including 19 premature babies and 1 full-term newborn who died of respiratory distress. All of the BOTs were diagnosed with stage I, among whom 38 (92.68%) patients exhibited disease-free survival. Twenty-eight ovarian cancers were in stage I–II and 26 of them had disease-free survival with the longest follow-up time of 10 years. Five of the sixteen patients in advanced stage (stage III–IV) died, four of whom had metastatic tumors. Conclusion Pregnant women with early-stage malignant ovarian tumors appear to have favorable outcomes. Conservative surgery is acceptable for early-stage borderline ovarian tumors during pregnancy. The gestational age of ovarian malignancy detection is key for pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenjiao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujie Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo City, Ningbo 315012, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqing Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengming Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
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15
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Abstract
Most adnexal masses are benign, incidental findings of pregnancy which resolve spontaneously. They may present clinically due to haemorrhage, rupture, torsion and mass effect. Aetiological classification includes ovarian benign, ovarian malignant, non-ovarian, gynaecological, non-ovarian non-gynaecological and an additional subset of pathologies unique to pregnancy. Ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for the evaluation of adnexal masses. This may be supplemented with magnetic resonance imaging. Tumour markers support evaluation of malignant potential, but interpretation of results in pregnancy is challenging. Surgical intervention requires consideration of gestation, lesion characteristics and presence of complications. Laparoscopy is preferred owing to shorter operative time, quicker recovery and resultant lower thrombotic risk. Post-viability, fetal wellbeing and assessment must be considered. Management of the pregnancy may include cardiotocography, steroids, non-teratogenic antibiotics and tocolytics. In rare cases, particularly related to malignancy, termination of pregnancy may be required to enable immediate management where there are concerns for maternal wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachintha Senarath
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex Ades
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Gynaecology, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Australia
| | - Pavitra Nanayakkara
- Department of Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Gynaecology, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Australia
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17
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of the imaging evaluation of benign ovarian and adnexal masses in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and lesions discovered during pregnancy. Current imaging techniques are discussed, including pitfalls and differential diagnosis when necessary, as well as management. It also reviews the now well-established American College of Radiology (ACR)/Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus guidelines and covers the more recently introduced Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System by the ACR and the recently published ADNEx Scoring System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia J Khati
- Department of Radiology, Abdominal Imaging Section, The George Washington University Hospital, 900 23rd Street, Northwest, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | - Tammy Kim
- Department of Radiology, Abdominal Imaging Section, The George Washington University Hospital, 900 23rd Street, Northwest, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Joanna Riess
- Department of Radiology, Abdominal Imaging Section, The George Washington University Hospital, 900 23rd Street, Northwest, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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18
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Thomassin-Naggara I, Fedida B, Sadowski E, Chevrier MC, Chabbert-Buffet N, Ballester M, Tavolaro S, Darai E. Complex US adnexal masses during pregnancy: Is pelvic MR imaging accurate for characterization? Eur J Radiol 2017; 93:200-208. [PMID: 28668416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of pelvic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the characterization of complex sonographic adnexal masses discovered in women during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN The study population comprised 31 pregnant women (median age: 32 years (range: 19-42); mean gestation age of 16 weeks) referred to our institution for MR imaging for characterization of an adnexal mass discovered incidentally during routine ultrasound (US) for other indications. The population comprised of 31 women, with 36 adnexal lesions (mean size: 103mm [range: 20-290]), of which 27 were benign and 9 were malignant masses. Prospective US and MR reports were reviewed to determine the presence of a benign or malignant lesion. Two radiologists (R1 and R2) blinded to the final outcome, retrospectively evaluated the MR images using the criteria based on the ADNEXMR-SCORE and classified the lesion as benign or malignant. The reference standard was surgical pathology or at least a 1-year imaging follow-up. RESULTS Prospective US and MR imaging correctly identified the diagnosis in 27/36 (75%) (95% confidence interval (CI): 58.9%-86.2%) and in 32/36 (88.9%) (95% CI: 74.6%-95.6%) of lesions, respectively. MR imaging with ADNEXMR-SCORE allowed a correct diagnosis in 32/36 (88.9%) (95% CI: 74.6%-95.6%) of lesions for R1 and in 30/36 (83.3%) (95% CI: 68.1%-92.1%) of lesions for R2. The sensitivities and specificities of MR imaging using the MR ADNEXMR-SCORE were 100% (95% CI: 70.1%-1000%) for both readers and 85.1% (95% CI: 67.5%-94%) and 77.7% (95% CI: 59.2%-89.4%) for R1 and R2, respectively. No malignancy was classified as benign using MR criteria. The reproducibility between the two readers was almost perfect, with a kappa of 0.914. CONCLUSION MR imaging is highly accurate for the characterization of complex adnexal masses incidentally discovered during pregnancy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MR imaging can accurately characterize adnexal masses in pregnancy and could be useful in opting for expectant management until delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Thomassin-Naggara
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Tenon, Service d'Imagerie, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris, France.
| | - Benjamin Fedida
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Tenon, Service d'Imagerie, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Sadowski
- University of Wisconsin, Departments of Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Science Center, E3/372, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-3252, United States
| | - Marie-Claude Chevrier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Tenon, Service d'Imagerie, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CALG Cancer Associé à La Grossesse, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Tenon, Service de Gynécologie et Obstetrique, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Marcos Ballester
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CALG Cancer Associé à La Grossesse, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Tenon, Service de Gynécologie et Obstetrique, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Tavolaro
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Tenon, Service d'Imagerie, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris, France
| | - Emile Darai
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CALG Cancer Associé à La Grossesse, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Tenon, Service de Gynécologie et Obstetrique, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
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19
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Cavaco-Gomes J, Jorge Moreira C, Rocha A, Mota R, Paiva V, Costa A. Investigation and Management of Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:3012802. [PMID: 27119043 PMCID: PMC4826943 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adnexal masses can be found in 0.19 to 8.8% of all pregnancies. Most masses are functional and asymptomatic and up to 70% resolve spontaneously in the second trimester. The main predictors of persistence are the size (>5 cm) and the imagiological morphocomplexity. Those that persist carry a low risk of malignancy (0 to 10%). Most malignant masses are diagnosed at early stages and more than 50% are borderline epithelial neoplasms. Ultrasound is the preferred method to stratify the risk of complications and malignancy, allowing medical approach planning. Pregnancy and some gestational disorders may modify the levels of tumor markers, whereby their interpretation during pregnancy should be cautious. Large masses are at increased risk of torsion, rupture, and dystocia. When surgery is indicated, laparoscopy is a safe technique and should ideally be carried out in the second trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cavaco-Gomes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Jorge Moreira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Rocha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Mota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Paiva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antónia Costa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Medical Faculty, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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20
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Xie M, Zhang X, Wang W, Hua K. Benign pelvic masses masquerading as adnexal cancer during pregnancy on ultrasound: A retrospective study of 5 years. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 3:1395-1397. [PMID: 26807254 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the sonographic characteristics of benign adnexal masses misdiagnosed as malignancy, and determine whether sonographic findings may help distinguish these lesions from malignant tumors during pregnancy at a single center. We herein present our experience with pregnant women with benign adnexal masses misdiagnosed as malignancy by ultrasound and operated on during pregnancy or after delivery. A total of 4 cases of benign pelvic masses were misdiagnosed as adnexal cancer over a 5-year period, including an ovarian theca cell tumor with luteinization, an obsolete ectopic pregnancy of fallopian tube, an ovarian mature teratoma with abundant nervous tissue and a uterine myoma with degeneration. The masses were characterized by abundant blood flow and heterogeneous echo on ultrasound. In conclusion, adnexal masses identified during pregnancy exhibiting abundant blood flow and heterogeneous echo may not represent malignancy, even in the presence of increased carbohydrate antigen 125 levels. In certain cases, benign adnexal masses may be initially misdiagnosed as malignant during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China; Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xuyin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
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22
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González Aguilera B, Guerrero Vázquez R, Moreno Reina E, Gros Herguido N, Relimpio Astolfi F. Hyperreactio luteinalis, a rare cause of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 62:146-7. [PMID: 25681124 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Abdullah Agha MM, Opara E. Acute abdominal distension in early pregnancy from torted ovarian serous cystadenoma. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 34:88. [PMID: 24359062 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.823386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Abdullah Agha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wexham Park Hospital , Slough , UK
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