1
|
Patwardhan CA, Kommalapati VK, Llbiyi T, Singh D, Alfa E, Horuzsko A, Korkaya H, Panda S, Reilly CA, Popik V, Chadli A. Capsaicin binds the N-terminus of Hsp90, induces lysosomal degradation of Hsp70, and enhances the anti-tumor effects of 17-AAG (Tanespimycin). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13790. [PMID: 37612326 PMCID: PMC10447550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its co-chaperones promote cancer, and targeting Hsp90 holds promise for cancer treatment. Most of the efforts to harness this potential have focused on targeting the Hsp90 N-terminus ATP binding site. Although newer-generation inhibitors have shown improved efficacy in aggressive cancers, induction of the cellular heat shock response (HSR) by these inhibitors is thought to limit their clinical efficacy. Therefore, Hsp90 inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action and that do not trigger the HSR would be advantageous. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which capsaicin inhibits Hsp90. Through mutagenesis, chemical modifications, and proteomic studies, we show that capsaicin binds to the N-terminus of Hsp90 and inhibits its ATPase activity. Consequently, capsaicin and its analogs inhibit Hsp90 ATPase-dependent progesterone receptor reconstitution in vitro. Capsaicin did not induce the HSR, instead, it promoted the degradation of Hsp70 through the lysosome-autophagy pathway. Remarkably, capsaicin did not induce degradation of the constitutively expressed cognate Hsc70, indicating selectivity for Hsp70. Combined treatments of capsaicin and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG improved the anti-tumor efficacy of 17-AAG in cell culture and tridimensional tumor spheroid growth assays using breast and prostate cancer models. Consistent with this, in silico docking studies revealed that capsaicin binding to the ATP binding site of Hsp90 was distinct from classical N-terminus Hsp90 inhibitors, indicating a novel mechanism of action. Collectively, these findings support the use of capsaicin as a chemical scaffold to develop novel Hsp90 N-terminus inhibitors as well as its ability to be a potential cancer co-therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya A Patwardhan
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Taoufik Llbiyi
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Eyad Alfa
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Siva Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Vladimir Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim HS, Yoon JH, Baek GO, Yoon MG, Han JE, Cho HJ, Kim SS, Jeong JY, Cheong JY, Eun JW. Tumor Endothelial Cells-Associated Integrin Alpha-6 as a Promising Biomarker for Early Detection and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4156. [PMID: 37627184 PMCID: PMC10453423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HCC remains a lethal cancer type, with early detection being critical for improved patient outcomes. This study introduces a comprehensive methodological approach to identify the ITGA6 gene as a potential blood marker for early HCC (eHCC) detection. We initially analyzed the GSE114564 dataset encompassing various stages of liver disease, identifying 972 differentially expressed genes in HCC. A refined analysis yielded 59 genes specifically differentially expressed in early HCC, including ITGA6. Subsequent validation in multiple datasets confirmed the consistent upregulation of ITGA6 in HCC. In addition, when analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) within the entire patient cohort and overall survival (OS) specifically among patients classified as tumor grade G1, the group of patients characterized by high expression levels of ITGA6 displayed an elevated risk ratio in relation to prognosis. Further analyses demonstrated the predominant expression of ITGA6 in TECs and its enrichment in angiogenesis-related pathways. Additionally, positive correlations were found between ITGA6 expression and pro-tumorigenic immune cells, but not with anti-tumorigenic immune cells. Our study elucidates the potential of ITGA6 as a blood-based marker for HCC early detection and diagnosis and its complex interplay with the tumor microenvironment. Further research may lead to novel strategies for HCC management and patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Seok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (J.-Y.J.)
| | - Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Geum Ok Baek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (G.O.B.); (M.G.Y.); (J.E.H.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Moon Gyeong Yoon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (G.O.B.); (M.G.Y.); (J.E.H.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Ji Eun Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (G.O.B.); (M.G.Y.); (J.E.H.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Hyo Jung Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (G.O.B.); (M.G.Y.); (J.E.H.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Soon Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (G.O.B.); (M.G.Y.); (J.E.H.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Jee-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (J.-Y.J.)
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (G.O.B.); (M.G.Y.); (J.E.H.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (G.O.B.); (M.G.Y.); (J.E.H.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamioka H, Yogosawa S, Oikawa T, Aizawa D, Ueda K, Saeki C, Haruki K, Shimoda M, Ikegami T, Nishikawa Y, Saruta M, Yoshida K. Dyrk2 gene transfer suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by promoting the degradation of Myc and Hras. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100759. [PMID: 37333975 PMCID: PMC10275997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and has a poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis and progression remain unknown. In vitro gain- and loss-of-function analyses in cell lines and xenografts revealed that dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) influences tumour growth in HCC. Methods To investigate the role of Dyrk2 during hepatocarcinogenesis, we developed liver-specific Dyrk2 conditional knockout mice and an in vivo gene delivery system with a hydrodynamic tail vein injection and the Sleeping Beauty transposon. The antitumour effects of Dyrk2 gene transfer were investigated in a murine autologous carcinogenesis model. Results Dyrk2 expression was reduced in tumours, and that its downregulation was induced before hepatocarcinogenesis. Dyrk2 gene transfer significantly suppressed carcinogenesis. It also suppresses Myc-induced de-differentiation and metabolic reprogramming, which favours proliferative, and malignant potential by altering gene profiles. Dyrk2 overexpression caused Myc and Hras degradation at the protein level rather than at the mRNA level, and this degradation mechanism was regulated by the proteasome. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a negative correlation between DYRK2 expression and MYC and longer survival in patients with HCC with high-DYRK2 and low-MYC expressions. Conclusions Dyrk2 protects the liver from carcinogenesis by promoting Myc and Hras degradation. Our findings would pave the way for a novel therapeutic approach using DYRK2 gene transfer. Impact and Implications Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers, with a poor prognosis. Hence, identifying molecules that can become promising targets for therapies is essential to improve mortality. No studies have clarified the association between DYRK2 and carcinogenesis, although DYRK2 is involved in tumour growth in various cancer cells. This is the first study to show that Dyrk2 expression decreases during hepatocarcinogenesis and that Dyrk2 gene transfer is an attractive approach with tumour suppressive activity against HCC by suppressing Myc-mediated de-differentiation and metabolic reprogramming that favours proliferative and malignant potential via Myc and Hras degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Yogosawa
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Oikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aizawa
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ueda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Saeki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liao Z, Tang C, Luo R, Gu X, Zhou J, Gao J. Current Concepts of Precancerous Lesions of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Recent Progress in Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071211. [PMID: 37046429 PMCID: PMC10093043 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. It is proposed that precancerous lesions of HCC include all stages of the disease, from dysplastic foci (DF), and dysplastic nodule (DN), to early HCC (eHCC) and progressed HCC (pHCC), which is a complex multi-step process. Accurately identifying precancerous hepatocellular lesions can significantly impact the early detection and treatment of HCC. The changes in high-grade dysplastic nodules (HGDN) were similar to those seen in HCC, and the risk of malignant transformation significantly increased. Nevertheless, it is challenging to diagnose precancerous lesions of HCC. We integrated the literature and combined imaging, pathology, laboratory, and other relevant examinations to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of precancerous lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Cuiping Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiling Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chiang CC, Yeh H, Lim SN, Lin WR. Transcriptome analysis creates a new era of precision medicine for managing recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:780-799. [PMID: 36816628 PMCID: PMC9932421 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i5.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence negatively impacts outcomes of patients treated with curative intent despite advances in surgical techniques and other locoregional liver-targeting therapies. Over the past few decades, the emergence of transcriptome analysis tools, including real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, microarrays, and RNA sequencing, has not only largely contributed to our knowledge about the pathogenesis of recurrent HCC but also led to the development of outcome prediction models based on differentially expressed gene signatures. In recent years, the single-cell RNA sequencing technique has revolutionized our ability to study the complicated crosstalk between cancer cells and the immune environment, which may benefit further investigations on the role of different immune cells in HCC recurrence and the identification of potential therapeutic targets. In the present article, we summarized the major findings yielded with these transcriptome methods within the framework of a causal model consisting of three domains: primary cancer cells; carcinogenic stimuli; and tumor microenvironment. We provided a comprehensive review of the insights that transcriptome analyses have provided into diagnostics, surveillance, and treatment of HCC recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Cheng Chiang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States
| | - Hsuan Yeh
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Youness RA, Gohar A, Kiriacos CJ, El-Shazly M. Heat Shock Proteins: Central Players in Oncological and Immuno-Oncological Tracks. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:193-203. [PMID: 36038808 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that promote protein folding, inhibit denaturation of cellular proteins, and maintain other proteins' functional activities when cells are subjected to stress and/or high temperature. HSP classification is generally based on their molecular weights into large and small HSP. The family of small HSPs includes HSPs 27, 40, 60, 70, and 90. The potential roles of HSP27 and HSP70 are quite evident in different solid malignancies, including breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers. In this chapter, the authors focus on HSP27 and HSP70 signaling in oncology and their role in different solid malignancies as well as they shed light on the novel role of HSP70 and HSP90 in the immune-oncology field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Youness
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt.
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Gohar
- Extract and Allergen Evaluation Lab, Central Adminstration of Biological, Innovation Products and Clinical Studies, Egypt Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Caroline Joseph Kiriacos
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schlosser S, Tümen D, Volz B, Neumeyer K, Egler N, Kunst C, Tews HC, Schmid S, Kandulski A, Müller M, Gülow K. HCC biomarkers - state of the old and outlook to future promising biomarkers and their potential in everyday clinical practice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1016952. [PMID: 36518320 PMCID: PMC9742592 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1016952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly tumors worldwide. Management of HCC depends on reliable biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of the disease, as well as predicting response towards therapy and safety. To date, imaging has been the established standard technique in the diagnosis and follow-up of HCC. However, imaging techniques have their limitations, especially in the early detection of HCC. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reliable, non/minimal invasive biomarkers. To date, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the only serum biomarker used in clinical practice for the management of HCC. However, AFP is of relatively rather low quality in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Liquid biopsies as a source for biomarkers have become the focus of clinical research. Our review highlights alternative biomarkers derived from liquid biopsies, including circulating tumor cells, proteins, circulating nucleic acids, and exosomes, and their potential for clinical application. Using defined combinations of different biomarkers will open new perspectives for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Serum Proteins, HMMR, NXPH4, PITX1 and THBS4; A Panel of Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082128. [PMID: 35456219 PMCID: PMC9027255 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The high morbidity rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mainly linked to late diagnosis. Early diagnosis of this leading cause of mortality is therefore extremely important. We designed a gene selection strategy to identify potential secretory proteins by predicting signal peptide cleavage sites in amino acid sequences derived from transcriptome data of human multistage HCC comprising chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and early and overt HCCs. The gene selection process was validated by the detection of molecules in the serum of HCC patients. From the computational approaches, 10 gene elements were suggested as potent candidate secretory markers for detecting HCC patients. ELISA testing of serum showed that hyaluronan mediated motility receptor (HMMR), neurexophilin 4 (NXPH4), paired like homeodomain 1 (PITX1) and thrombospondin 4 (THBS4) are early-stage HCC diagnostic markers with superior predictive capability in a large cohort of HCC patients. In the assessment of differential diagnostic accuracy, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that HMMR and THBS4 were superior to α-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing HCC, as evidenced by the high area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and other values. In addition, comparative analysis of all four markers and AFP combinations demonstrated that HMMR-PITX1-AFP and HMMR-NXPH4-PITX1 trios were the optimal combinations for reaching 100% accuracy in HCC diagnosis. Serum proteins HMMR, NXPH4, PITX1 and THBS4 can complement measurement of AFP in diagnosing HCC and improve identification of patients with AFP-negative HCC as well as discriminate HCC from non-malignant chronic liver disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Altundag EM, Yilmaz AM, Sahin A, Yilmaz BK. Combination of second-generation proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomib with Bortezomib in four different breast cancer cell lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2909-2918. [PMID: 35352669 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220329175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteasome inhibitors target different pathways in cells and therefore are promising drugs in cancer therapy. The use of these inhibitors is approved mainly in hematological cancers, and recently many clinical trials and preclinical studies are running for efficacy in solid tumors. Carfilzomib is a second generation inhibitor and developed to decrease the side effects of bortezomib. Although there are many valid therapies in breast cancer, resistance and recurrence are inevitable in many cases and the proteasomal system plays an important roles in related pathways. OBJECTIVE This study is a preliminary work to evaluate the combination effects of bortezomib and carfilzomib in four different breast cancer cells. METHODS MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, UACC-2087, and SKBR-3 cell lines were used. Cell viability was determined by using bortezomib and carfilzomib alone and in combination. Combination effect values were determined using the Chou-Talalay method. Apoptosis, proteasome activity, cleaved PARP, and HSP70 expressions were analyzed in the determined doses. RESULTS The response to the combination of the two inhibitors was different in four cell lines. Apoptosis was significantly higher in combination groups compared to carfilzomib in three cell lines except SKBR-3, and higher in combination group compared to bortezomib only in UACC-2087. Combination decreased cleaved PARP levels in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 and increased in SKBR-3 compared to bortezomib. HSP70 levels decreased in combination with UACC-2087 and SKBR-3 compared to carfilzomib. CONCLUSION Taken together, the combination of the two inhibitors was more apoptotic compared to carfilzomib and apoptosis was higher only in UACC-2087 compared to bortezomib. This apoptosis data can not be directly correlated to degree of proteaasome inhibiton, PARP cleavage and HSP70 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ergul Mutlu Altundag
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, via Mersin 10, 99628, Turkey
| | - Ayse Mine Yilmaz
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34854, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Longerich T, Schirmacher P. [Pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma]. DER PATHOLOGE 2022; 43:67-78. [PMID: 34982210 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-01038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and has a well-defined etiology. It develops in a stepwise process with morphologically defined precursor lesions. Typing of highly differentiated hepatocellular tumors is supported by immunohistological marker panel and the so-called matrix diagnosis. The recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification defined morpho-molecular HCC subtypes showing typical clinical and prognostic characteristics. If HCC subtyping is considered in future clinical studies of advanced HCC, this could help to introduce personalized HCC therapy. Currently, precision oncology is not available for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Longerich
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takeda H, Takai A, Eso Y, Takahashi K, Marusawa H, Seno H. Genetic Landscape of Multistep Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:568. [PMID: 35158835 PMCID: PMC8833551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although several targeted therapy agents are available for advanced HCC, their antitumor efficacy remains limited. As the complex genetic landscape of HCC would compromise the antitumor efficacy of targeted therapy, a deeper understanding of the genetic landscape of hepatocarcinogenesis is necessary. Recent comprehensive genetic analyses have revealed the driver genes of HCC, which accumulate during the multistage process of hepatocarcinogenesis, facilitating HCC genetic heterogeneity. In addition, as early genetic changes may represent key therapeutic targets, the genetic landscapes of early HCC and precancerous liver tissues have been characterized in recent years, in parallel with the advancement of next-generation sequencing analysis. In this review article, we first summarize the landscape of the liver cancer genome and its intratumor heterogeneity. We then introduce recent insight on early genetic alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis, especially those in early HCC and noncancerous liver tissues. Finally, we summarize the multistep accumulation of genetic aberrations throughout cancer progression and discuss the future perspective towards the clinical application of this genetic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.E.); (K.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Atsushi Takai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.E.); (K.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Yuji Eso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.E.); (K.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.E.); (K.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Marusawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka 543-8555, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.E.); (K.T.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao F, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Mei Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Martinez C, Su X, Rosato RR, Teng H, Hang Q, Yap S, Chen D, Wang Y, Chen MJM, Zhang M, Liang H, Xie D, Chen X, Zhu H, Chang JC, You MJ, Sun Y, Gan B, Ma L. A targetable LIFR-NF-κB-LCN2 axis controls liver tumorigenesis and vulnerability to ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7333. [PMID: 34921145 PMCID: PMC8683481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing knowledge of ferroptosis has suggested the role and therapeutic potential of ferroptosis in cancer, but has not been translated into effective therapy. Liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is highly lethal with limited treatment options. LIFR is frequently downregulated in HCC. Here, by studying hepatocyte-specific and inducible Lifr-knockout mice, we show that loss of Lifr promotes liver tumorigenesis and confers resistance to drug-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, loss of LIFR activates NF-κB signaling through SHP1, leading to upregulation of the iron-sequestering cytokine LCN2, which depletes iron and renders insensitivity to ferroptosis inducers. Notably, an LCN2-neutralizing antibody enhances the ferroptosis-inducing and anticancer effects of sorafenib on HCC patient-derived xenograft tumors with low LIFR expression and high LCN2 expression. Thus, anti-LCN2 therapy is a promising way to improve liver cancer treatment by targeting ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yalan Deng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Consuelo Martinez
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohua Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Roberto R Rosato
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hongqi Teng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shannon Yap
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dahu Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mei-Ju May Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mutian Zhang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dong Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hsp70 Promotes SUMO of HIF-1 α and Promotes Lung Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:7873085. [PMID: 34868316 PMCID: PMC8642011 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7873085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung cancer cells under heat stimulation and to explore its possible molecular mechanism. Methods qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assay were used to detect the expression of Hsp70 in lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. EdU assay was used to detect the cell activity. The effect of Hsp70 on the migration and invasion of A549 and NCI-H446 cells was detected by the wound-healing assay and Transwell assay. A tumor transplantation animal model was established to detect the effect of overexpression of Hsp70 on proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Western blot assay was used to detect the effect of thermal stimulation and overexpression of Hsp70 on SUMO modification of HIF-1α. Results The wound-healing rate of A549 and NCI-H446 cells under Hsp70 stimulation was significantly higher than blank control group. At the same time, the number of cells passing through the membrane increased significantly. Hypodermic tumor transplantation in nude mice proved that knockout Hsp70 can inhibit proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Thermal stimulation upregulated the expression of Hsp70 and promoted SUMO modification of HIF-1α, ultimately promoting the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer. Inhibition of Hsp70 reverses the effect of thermal stimulation on lung cancer by reducing the SUMO modification of HIF-1α. Conclusion Thermal stimulation can promote EMT in A549 and NCI-H446 cells and promote cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo by upregulation of Hsp70. This process is associated with the promotion of SUMO modification of HIF-1α.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Wang Y, Fang Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Huang H, Jiang Z, Jin Y, Han X, Hou S, Zhou B, Meng F, Chen L, Wong KK, Liu J, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Chen H, Sun Y, Hu L, Ji H. Targeting HSPA1A in ARID2-deficient lung adenocarcinoma. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab014. [PMID: 34858604 PMCID: PMC8566174 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations of the chromatin remodeling gene ARID2 are observed in ∼7% of human lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). However, the role of ARID2 in the pathogenesis of LUADs remains largely unknown. Here we find that ARID2 expression is decreased during the malignant progression of both human and mice LUADs. Using two KrasG12D-based genetically engineered murine models, we demonstrate that ARID2 knockout significantly promotes lung cancer malignant progression and shortens overall survival. Consistently, ARID2 knockdown significantly promotes cell proliferation in human and mice lung cancer cells. Through integrative analyses of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data, we find that Hspa1a is up-regulated by Arid2 loss. Knockdown of Hspa1a specifically inhibits malignant progression of Arid2-deficient but not Arid2-wt lung cancers in both cell lines as well as animal models. Treatment with an HSPA1A inhibitor could significantly inhibit the malignant progression of lung cancer with ARID2 deficiency. Together, our findings establish ARID2 as an important tumor suppressor in LUADs with novel mechanistic insights, and further identify HSPA1A as a potential therapeutic target in ARID2-deficient LUADs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Longfu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hsinyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhonglin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiangkun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shenda Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feilong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yihua Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yasunaka T, Takeuchi Y, Takaki A, Kondo F, Yoshizumi T, Kohashi K, Oyama A, Adachi T, Wada N, Onishi H, Shiraha H, Okada H. A case of focal nodular hyperplasia with hepatic failure treated with liver transplantation. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 15:171-176. [PMID: 34807397 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign nodular lesion, but because of its feature of portal tract vessel abnormality, it may induce portal hypertension. A 27-year-old woman was admitted with a fever. A large nodule with satellite lesions was found in the liver and cotton wool-like feature of arteries were detected on angiography. Technetium galactosyl serum albumin scintigraphy and diagnostic laparoscopy showed that the tumor site was functional, while the surrounding area was a non-functional fibrotic area. A biopsy specimen indicated that the nodular lesion was an FNH-like lesion. She experienced several instances of variceal rupture and suffered liver failure, receiving liver transplantation. The excised liver showed a centrally scarred area in the nodule, indicating that the diagnosis was FNH. We herein report this case as a rare case of FNH that progressed to liver failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Yasunaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuto Takeuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akinobu Takaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Fukuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takuya Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nozomu Wada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hideki Onishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hidenori Shiraha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cyclin E1 in Murine and Human Liver Cancer: A Promising Target for Therapeutic Intervention during Tumour Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225680. [PMID: 34830835 PMCID: PMC8616292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cell cycle regulator Cyclin E1 is a key mediator and biomarker of liver cancer progression in mice and man independent of its canonical interacting partner Cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Over-expression of Cyclin E1 during hepatocarcinogenesis modulates several distinct biological processes such as proliferation, DNA damage response, stemness, invasion and the tumour microenvironment. Interventional depletion of Cyclin E1 in the course of liver cancer progression significantly reduces tumour burden. In contrast, the expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 is dispensable for the progression of liver cancer in mice and lacked diagnostic or prognostic value in patients. Thus, specific inhibition of Cyclin E1 expression represents a promising strategy for the treatment of liver cancer. Abstract Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) is a regulatory subunit of Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and is thought to control the transition of quiescent cells into cell cycle progression. Recently, we identified CCNE1 and CDK2 as key factors for the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we dissected the contributions of CCNE1 and CDK2 for HCC progression in mice and patients. Therefore, we generated genetically modified mice allowing inducible deletion of Ccne1 or Cdk2. After initiation of HCC, using the hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN), we deleted Ccne1 or Cdk2 and subsequently analysed HCC progression. The relevance of CCNE1 or CDK2 for human HCC progression was investigated by in silico database analysis. Interventional deletion of Ccne1, but not of Cdk2, substantially reduced the HCC burden in mice. Ccne1-deficient HCCs were characterised by attenuated proliferation, impaired DNA damage response and downregulation of markers for stemness and microinvasion. Additionally, the tumour microenvironment of Ccne1-deficient mice showed a reduction in immune mediators, myeloid cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. In sharp contrast, Cdk2 was dispensable for HCC progression in mice. In agreement with our mouse data, CCNE1 was overexpressed in HCC patients independent of risk factors, and associated with reduced disease-free survival, a common signature for enhanced chromosomal instability, proliferation, dedifferentiation and invasion. However, CDK2 lacked diagnostic or prognostic value in HCC patients. In summary, CCNE1 drives HCC progression in a CDK2-independent manner in mice and man. Therefore, interventional inactivation of CCNE1 represents a promising strategy the treatment of liver cancer.
Collapse
|
17
|
Link B, Torres Crigna A, Hölzel M, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O. Abscopal Effects in Metastatic Cancer: Is a Predictive Approach Possible to Improve Individual Outcomes? J Clin Med 2021; 10:5124. [PMID: 34768644 PMCID: PMC8584726 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic cancers often require radiotherapy (RT) as a palliative therapy for cancer pain. RT can, however, also induce systemic antitumor effects outside of the irradiated field (abscopal effects) in various cancer entities. The occurrence of the abscopal effect is associated with a specific immunological activation in response to RT-induced cell death, which is mainly seen under concomitant immune checkpoint blockade. Even if the number of reported apscopal effects has increased since the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibition, its occurrence is still considered rare and unpredictable. The cases reported so far may nevertheless allow for identifying first biomarkers and clinical patterns. We here review biomarkers that may be helpful to predict the occurrence of abscopal effects and hence to optimize therapy for patients with metastatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Link
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.L.); (A.T.C.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Adriana Torres Crigna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.L.); (A.T.C.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.L.); (A.T.C.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Du Y, Chen Z, Yan P, Zhang C, Duan X, Chen X, Liu M, Kang L, Yang X, Fan Y, Zhang J, Wang R. Arginine-Arginine-Leucine Peptide Targeting Heat Shock Protein 70 for Cancer Imaging. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3750-3762. [PMID: 34491767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arg-Arg-Leu (RRL) is a potent tumor-homing tripeptide. However, the binding target is unclear. In this study, we intended to identify the binding target of RRL and evaluate the tumor targeting of 99mTc-MAG3-RRL in vivo. Biotin-RRL, 5-TAMRA-RRL, and 99mTc-MAG3-RRL were designed to trace the binding target and tumor lesion. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry was conducted to identify the candidate proteins and determination of the subcellular localization was also performed. A pull-down assay was performed to demonstrate the immunoprecipitate. Fluorescence colocalization and cell uptake assays were performed to elucidate the correlation between the selected binding protein and RRL, and the internalization mechanism of RRL. Biodistribution and in vivo imaging were performed to evaluate the tumor accumulation and targeting of 99mTc-MAG3-RRL. The target for RRL was screened to be heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The prominent uptake distribution of RRL was concentrated in the membrane and cytoplasm. A pull-down assay demonstrated the existence of HSP70 in the biotin-RRL captured complex. Regarding fluorescence colocalization and cell uptake assays, RRL may interact with HSP70 at the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD). Clathrin-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis could be a vital internalization mechanism of RRL. In vivo imaging and biodistribution both demonstrated that 99mTc-MAG3-RRL can trace tumors with satisfactory accumulation in hepatoma xenograft mice. The radioactive signals accumulated in tumor lesions can be blocked by VER-155008, which can bind to the NBD of HSP70. Our findings revealed that RRL may interact with HSP70 and that 99mTc-MAG3-RRL could be a prospective probe for visualizing overexpressed HSP70 tumor sections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaojiang Duan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xueqi Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Rongfu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Friedlander JE, Shen N, Zeng A, Korm S, Feng H. Failure to Guard: Mitochondrial Protein Quality Control in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158306. [PMID: 34361072 PMCID: PMC8348654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are energetic and dynamic organelles with a crucial role in bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling. Mitochondrial proteins, encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, must be properly regulated to ensure proteostasis. Mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) serves as a critical surveillance system, employing different pathways and regulators as cellular guardians to ensure mitochondrial protein quality and quantity. In this review, we describe key pathways and players in MPQC, such as mitochondrial protein translocation-associated degradation, mitochondrial stress responses, chaperones, and proteases, and how they work together to safeguard mitochondrial health and integrity. Deregulated MPQC leads to proteotoxicity and dysfunctional mitochondria, which contributes to numerous human diseases, including cancer. We discuss how alterations in MPQC components are linked to tumorigenesis, whether they act as drivers, suppressors, or both. Finally, we summarize recent advances that seek to target these alterations for the development of anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Friedlander
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Aozhuo Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Sovannarith Korm
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-4688; Fax: +1-617-358-1599
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sontag D, Miles DA, Uhanova J, Grubert Van Iderstine M, Yang J, Minuk GY. The effects of hyperthermia on human hepatocellular carcinoma stem and mature cancer cells. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:265-268. [PMID: 32005636 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can recur following radiofrequency ablation and other hyperthermic treatment modalities. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of HCC cells that are difficult to eradicate and largely responsible for tumor recurrences. Thus, the principal objective of this study was to determine whether human HCC CSCs are relatively thermal-resistant compared to non-stem or mature cancer cells (MCCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) positive enriched CSCs and EpCAM- MCCs were derived from a human HCC cell line using fluorescence activated cell sorting. Each cell population was exposed to 65°C heat for 0-16min and survival documented at various time points. RESULTS Cell survival curves were similar in CSC and MCCs throughout the 16min heat exposure period. Maximum killing was obtained after 12-14min of heat exposure. Cytoprotective, heat shock proteins-70 (HSP70) and -90 (HSP90) mRNA expression were not disproportionately increased in CSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that human HCC CSCs are not more thermal resistant than MCCs and therefore, do not support the hypothesis that HCC recurrences following hyperthermic treatment reflect CSC thermal-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Sontag
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David A Miles
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Julia Uhanova
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Micah Grubert Van Iderstine
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gerald Y Minuk
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Application of Immunohistochemistry in the Pathological Diagnosis of Liver Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115780. [PMID: 34071338 PMCID: PMC8198626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiological diagnostics have been progressing, pathological diagnosis remains the most reliable method for diagnosing liver tumors. In some cases, definite pathological diagnosis cannot be obtained by histological evaluation alone, especially when the sample is a small biopsy; in such cases, immunohistochemical staining is very useful. Immunohistochemistry is the most frequently used technique for molecular pathological diagnosis due to its broad application, ease of performance and evaluation, and reasonable cost. The results occasionally reflect specific genetic mutations. The immunohistochemical markers of hepatocellular carcinoma include those of hepatocellular differentiation—such as hepatocyte paraffin 1 and arginase-1—and those of malignant hepatocytes—such as glypican-3, heat shock protein 70, and glutamine synthetase (GS). To classify the subtypes of hepatocellular adenoma, examination of several immunohistochemical markers, such as liver fatty acid-binding protein, GS, and serum amyloid A, is indispensable. Immunohistochemical staining for GS is also important for the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia. The representative immunohistochemical markers of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma include cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CK19. In this article, we provide an overview of the application of immunohistochemistry in the pathological diagnosis of liver tumors referring to the association with genetic alterations. Furthermore, we aimed to explain the practical points in the differential diagnosis of liver tumors by immunohistochemical staining.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dertli R, Biyik M, Yolacan R, Karakarcayildiz A, Keskin M, Kayar Y, Asil M. May Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Level Predict Mortality in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)? J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:932-938. [PMID: 31729643 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks fifth among the common cancers worldwide. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multiple-phases process, which involves changes in cellular genomes including high cell proliferation.In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship of NGAL level at the time of diagnosis with mortality in patients diagnosed with HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 35 patients who developed HCC on the ground of HBV(+) and 30 healthy subjects were included in the study. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), Okuda staging system, and Milan criteria were used for staging of the patients with HCC. RESULTS The mean age of all patients was 59.54 ± 11.57 years. Seventeen (48.6%) HCC patients died during 1-year follow-up. Survival of the patients who met the Milan criteria was longer (log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, χ2 = 5.353, p = 0.021). Kaplan-Meier curve was drawn for NGAL cut-off value, mortality was found to be higher in patients with a NGAL level higher than 217.50 (log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, χ2 = 15.540, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, we found that high levels of NGAL at the time of diagnosis were associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Dertli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Van Education and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey.
| | - Murat Biyik
- Meram School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Yolacan
- Meram School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karakarcayildiz
- Meram School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Keskin
- Meram School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kayar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Van Education and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Asil
- Meram School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morisaka H, Motosugi U, Ichikawa S, Ichikawa T, Kondo T, Onishi H. Uptake of gadoxetic acid in hepatobiliary phase magnetic resonance imaging and transporter expression in hypovascular hepatocellular nodules. Eur J Radiol 2021; 138:109669. [PMID: 33770738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the association between contrast patterns on gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase (HBP) MR images and transporter expression in surgically resected hypovascular hepatocellular nodules including early hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). METHODS Forty-two hypovascular hepatic nodules and 43 hypervascular HCCs as a control were included in this retrospective study. Contrast of the nodules on HBP images was graded as hypo-, iso-, or hyperintense. Histopathological assessment was performed in the context of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining of organic anion transporter 1B3 (OATP1B3) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) was performed. Cramer's coefficient was used to determine the linear relationship between contrast grades and transporter expression, and the Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to determine the relationship between transporter expression and progression of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. RESULTS Moderate linear relationships between contrast grades and OATP1B3 expression were observed for both hypo- and hypervascular nodules. OATP1B3 expression was negatively correlated with the progression of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. MRP2 expression was not associated with the contrast grades or histopathological results. CONCLUSION OATP1B3 expression was associated with contrast grades of hepatocellular nodules observed in HBP image of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in the hypovascular hepatocellular nodules and was negatively correlated with hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Morisaka
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, 409-3898, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Utaroh Motosugi
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, 409-3898, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Radiology, Kofu-Kyoritsu Hospital, 400-0034, Takara, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ichikawa
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, 409-3898, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ichikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, 371-8511, Showa, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi, 409-3898, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onishi
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, 409-3898, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim E, Viatour P. Hepatocellular carcinoma: old friends and new tricks. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1898-1907. [PMID: 33268834 PMCID: PMC8080814 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Ninety percent of HCC cases arise from cirrhosis, during which liver cells undergo chronic cycles of necrosis and regeneration. The complex genomic landscape of HCC has been extensively investigated to draw correlations between recurrently mutated pathways and patient prognosis. However, our limited success with targeted therapy shows that knowing the presence of somatic mutations alone is insufficient for us to gauge the full spectrum of their functional consequences in the context of tumor evolution. In addition, the current molecular classification of HCC offers little information on the relationship between the molecular features and immunological properties of HCC tumors and their immune microenvironment. This review introduces current challenges and advancements made in HCC surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment. We also discuss the suite of HCC-associated genetic changes and describe recent studies that provide evidence for an evolving functional model and its implications for understanding and targeting HCC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Kim
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Patrick Viatour
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) belongs to the most prevalent and deadliest cancers worldwide. It can be attributed to well-defined risk factors (mainly chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholic/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) leading to liver cirrhosis, a premalignant condition for the development of preneoplastic hepatocellular lesions and finally liver cancer. By applying strict morphological criteria and a panel of immunohistological markers, early HCC can be differentiated from its precursor lesions and other highly differentiated hepatocellular lesions even in most biopsy specimens. Integrative characterization led to the association of histological features and molecular subgroups of human HCC. This potentially relevant clinical development was recognized by the recently updated WHO classification of liver cancer resulting in the introduction of several HCC subtypes. These are characterized by a distinct combination of histological and molecular features, biological behavior, and clinical characteristics, allowing for a distinction from other HCC without specified features. Whether this development sets the corner stone for precision oncology of human HCC patients must be monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Longerich
- Pathologisches Institut, Uniklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fahim HH, Mohamed G, Safwat G, Abo-Bakr A, Ibraheem MH, Al-Mofty S, Kamel MM, Abdel-Moneim AS, Gameel AM. HSP70 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in Egyptian Women With Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 21:e177-e188. [PMID: 33323333 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a significant cellular stress response protein that has intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to protect cells against apoptosis. It is one of the most induced proteins in cancer cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the significant role of the HSP70 expression in Egyptian patients with breast cancer (BC) and its potential to be as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS HSP70 was examined in 155 cases in this prospective study; patients were subdivided into 3 groups: 60 patients with malignant metastatic disease, 60 patients with malignant non-metastatic disease, and 35 patients with benign lesions as control. HSP70 expression was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Most cases of breast cancer expressed HSP70 in both serum (98.3%) and tumor tissue (90%). A strong positive correlation was found between HSP70 IHC and ELISA (r = 0.811). The mean HSP70 levels, as detected in both patients' serum by ELISA and tumor tissue by IHC, was significantly higher in patients with BC than in benign cases (P = .001). HSP70 was significantly higher in patients with metastatic BC than in those with non-metastatic BC (P = .001). HSP70 showed positive correlation with tumor size (pT stage) and number of lymph node metastases (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION HSP70 is over-expressed in patients with metastatic and non-metastatic BC than in benign cases. A high level of HSP70 either in patient's serum or in tumor tissue correlated significantly with advanced disease in patients with BC. This present study suggests that HSP70 can serve as a BC biomarker for early screening, diagnosis, and follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagar H Fahim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Mohamed
- Department of Surgical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pathology, Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Abo-Bakr
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maher H Ibraheem
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Breast Surgery Department, Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saif Al-Mofty
- Center of Material Science Department, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Clinical Pathology Department, Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M Gameel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vyas M, Zhang X. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role of Pathology in the Era of Precision Medicine. Clin Liver Dis 2020; 24:591-610. [PMID: 33012447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a morphologically heterogeneous tumor with variable architectural growth patterns and several distinct histologic subtypes. Large-scale attempts have been made over the past decade to identify targetable genomic alterations in HCC; however, its translation into clinical personalized care remains a challenge to precision oncology. The role of pathology is no longer limited to confirmation of diagnosis when radiologic features are atypical. Pathology is now in a position to predict the underlying molecular alteration, prognosis, and behavior of HCC. This review outlines various aspects of histopathologic diagnosis and role of pathology in cutting-edge diagnostics of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vyas
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 303 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, PO Box 208023, New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Takeda H, Takai A, Kumagai K, Iguchi E, Arasawa S, Eso Y, Shimizu T, Ueda Y, Taura K, Uemoto S, Kita R, Haga H, Marusawa H, Fujimoto A, Seno H. Multiregional whole‐genome sequencing of hepatocellular carcinoma with nodule‐in‐nodule appearance reveals stepwise cancer evolution. J Pathol 2020; 252:398-410. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsushi Takai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Eriko Iguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Soichi Arasawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuji Eso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshihide Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Osaka Red Cross Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology Kyoto University Hospital Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Marusawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Osaka Red Cross Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Akihiro Fujimoto
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rust MB, Khudayberdiev S, Pelucchi S, Marcello E. CAPt'n of Actin Dynamics: Recent Advances in the Molecular, Developmental and Physiological Functions of Cyclase-Associated Protein (CAP). Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586631. [PMID: 33072768 PMCID: PMC7543520 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) has been discovered three decades ago in budding yeast as a protein that associates with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-producing adenylyl cyclase and that suppresses a hyperactive RAS2 variant. Since that time, CAP has been identified in all eukaryotic species examined and it became evident that the activity in RAS-cAMP signaling is restricted to a limited number of species. Instead, its actin binding activity is conserved among eukaryotes and actin cytoskeleton regulation emerged as its primary function. However, for many years, the molecular functions as well as the developmental and physiological relevance of CAP remained unknown. In the present article, we will compile important recent progress on its molecular functions that identified CAP as a novel key regulator of actin dynamics, i.e., the spatiotemporally controlled assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin). These studies unraveled a cooperation with ADF/Cofilin and Twinfilin in F-actin disassembly, a nucleotide exchange activity on globular actin monomers (G-actin) that is required for F-actin assembly and an inhibitory function towards the F-actin assembly factor INF2. Moreover, by focusing on selected model organisms, we will review current literature on its developmental and physiological functions, and we will present studies implicating CAP in human pathologies. Together, this review article summarizes and discusses recent achievements in understanding the molecular, developmental and physiological functions of CAP, which led this protein emerge as a novel CAPt'n of actin dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sharof Khudayberdiev
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Markers LAMP2A and HSC70 Are Independent Adverse Prognostic Markers in Primary Resected Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Lung. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8506572. [PMID: 33029283 PMCID: PMC7527932 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8506572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
LAMP2A and HSC70 are crucial players in chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a targeted, lysosome-dependent protein degradation pathway. Elevated LAMP2A levels, indicative of increased CMA activity, are observed in several malignancies, and CMA downregulation may be exploited therapeutically. We evaluated the impact of LAMP2A and HSC70 in pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas (pSQCC). Antibodies were validated by knockdown and overexpression experiments using three different cell lines. Expression levels in tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 336 consecutive pSQCC using tissue microarrays. There was no significant correlation between the two markers among each other and no association with pathological parameters (TNM categories, grading). However, both high LAMP2A and HSC70 expression were associated with worse outcome, including overall survival (OS; p = 0.012 and p = 0.001) and disease free survival (DFS; p = 0.049 and p = 0.036). In multivariate analysis, both markers and a combination of them were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS (LAMP2Ahigh: HR = 2.059; p < 0.001; HSC70high: HR = 1.987; p < 0.001; LAMP2Ahigh/HSC70high: HR = 1.529; p < 0.001) and DFS (LAMP2Ahigh: HR = 1.709; p = 0.004; HSC70high: HR = 1.484; p = 0.027; LAMP2Ahigh/HSC70high: HR = 1.342, p < 0.001). The negative prognostic impact of high LAMP2A and HSC70 and their variable expression in pSQCC may justify the use of these proteins as potential biomarkers for future CMA-inhibiting therapies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen J, Liu C, Cen J, Liang T, Xue J, Zeng H, Zhang Z, Xu G, Yu C, Lu Z, Wang Z, Jiang J, Zhan X, Zeng J. KEGG-expressed genes and pathways in triple negative breast cancer: Protocol for a systematic review and data mining. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19986. [PMID: 32358373 PMCID: PMC7440132 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is at a relatively high level, and our study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TNBC and explore the key pathways and genes of TNBC. METHODS The gene expression profiling (GSE86945, GSE86946 and GSE102088) data were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus Datasets, DEGs were identified by using R software, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tools, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed by the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape software. Finally, the survival value of hub DEGs in breast cancer patients were performed by the Kaplan-Meier plotter online tool. RESULTS A total of 2998 DEGs were identified between TNBC and health breast tissue, including 411 up-regulated DEGs and 2587 down-regulated DEGs. GO analysis results showed that down-regulated DEGs were enriched in gene expression (BP), extracellular exosome (CC), and nucleic acid binding, and up-regulated were enriched in chromatin assembly (BP), nucleosome (CC), and DNA binding (MF). KEGG pathway results showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in Pathways in cancer and Systemic lupus erythematosus and so on. Top 10 hub genes were picked out from PPI network by connective degree, and 7 of top 10 hub genes were significantly related with adverse overall survival in breast cancer patients (P < .05). Further analysis found that only EGFR had a significant association with the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that DEGs were enriched in pathways in cancer, top 10 DEGs belong to up-regulated DEGs, and 7 gene connected with poor prognosis in breast cancer, including HSP90AA1, SRC, HSPA8, ESR1, ACTB, PPP2CA, and RPL4. These can provide some guidance for our research on the diagnosis and prognosis of TNBC, and further research is needed to evaluate their value in the targeted therapy of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward
| | | | - Tuo Liang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward
| | | | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Identification of the possible therapeutic targets in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor pathway in a cohort of Egyptian hepatocellular carcinoma complicating chronic hepatitis C type 4. Drug Target Insights 2020; 14:1-11. [PMID: 33132693 PMCID: PMC7597224 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2020.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Molecular targeted drugs are the first line of treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to its chemo- and radioresistant nature. HCC has several well-documented etiologic factors that drive hepatocarcinogenesis through different molecular pathways. Currently, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of HCC. Therefore, we included a unified cohort of HCV genotype 4-related HCCs to study the expression levels of genes involved in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) pathway, which is known to be involved in all aspects of cancer growth and progression. Aim: Determine the gene expression patterns of IGF1R pathway genes in a cohort of Egyptian HCV-related HCCs. Correlate them with different patient/tumor characteristics. Determine the activity status of involved pathways. Methods: Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from 32 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of human HCV-related HCCs and 6 healthy liver donors as controls. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using RT2 Profiler PCR Array for Human Insulin Signaling Pathway was done to determine significantly up- and downregulated genes with identification of most frequently coregulated genes, followed by correlation of gene expression with different patient/tumor characteristics. Finally, canonical pathway analysis was performed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Results: Six genes – AEBP1, AKT2, C-FOS, PIK3R1, PRKCI, SHC1 – were significantly overexpressed. Thirteen genes – ADRB3, CEBPA, DUSP14, ERCC1, FRS3, IGF2, INS, IRS1, JUN, MTOR, PIK3R2, PPP1CA, RPS6KA1 – were significantly underexpressed. Several differentially expressed genes were related to different tumor/patient characteristics. Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production pathway was significantly activated in the present cohort, while the growth hormone signaling pathway was inactive. Conclusions: The gene expression patterns identified in this study may serve as possible therapeutic targets in HCV-related HCCs. The most frequently coregulated genes may serve to guide combined molecular targeted therapies. The IGF1R pathway showed evidence of inactivity in the present cohort of HCV-related HCCs, so targeting this pathway in therapy may not be effective.
Collapse
|
33
|
Gao YX, Yang TW, Yin JM, Yang PX, Kou BX, Chai MY, Liu XN, Chen DX. Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:54-66. [PMID: 32236573 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers are important in the early screening, diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, recurrence and prognosis prediction of tumors. Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors; it has high incidence and mortality rates and seriously endangers human health. The main pathological types of primary liver cancer include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and combined HCC‑cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‑CC). In the present review, a systematic outline of the current biomarkers of primary liver cancer is presented, from conventional blood biomarkers, histochemical biomarkers and potential biomarkers to resistance‑associated biomarkers. The important relationships are deeply elucidated between biomarkers and diagnosis, prognosis, clinicopathological features and resistance, as well as their clinical significance, in patients with the three main types of primary liver cancer. Moreover, a summary of several important biomarker signaling pathways is provided, which is helpful for studying the biological mechanism of liver cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide help for clinical or medical researchers in the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Wang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ming Yin
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Bu-Xin Kou
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yin Chai
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ni Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - De-Xi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Heidari F, Rabizadeh S, Sadat Salehi S, Akhavan S, Khaloo P, Alemi H, Mirmiranpour H, Esteghamati A, Nakhjavani M. Serum HSP70 level in patients with endometrial cancer with and without diabetes. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:351-355. [PMID: 31392909 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1648415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma (EC). Heat shock proteins have a role in the modulation of both diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) level alternations in patients with two different types of EC (endometrioid and non-endometrioid) with and without type 2 diabetes. In a case-control study, 88 participants were enrolled in four groups including: 18 EC patients with DM, 19 EC patients without DM, 29 patients with DM, and 22 healthy individuals. Blood samples were taken before surgery in cancer patients. Estradiol, eHSP70, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), FBS, and HbA1c were assessed. Serum HSP70 level was higher in patients with diabetes (52.24 ± 14.2 ng/ml) compared to healthy controls (39.04 ± 6.96) (p < .05). It was lower in EC (26.05 ± 12.28) compared to healthy controls (39.04 ± 6.96) (p < .05). eHSP70 was also lower in endometrioid-type carcinoma (22.57 ± 11) compared to non-endometrioid type (31.55 ± 12.38) (p < .05). Further analysis showed increased levels of eHSP70 in patients having both endometrioid-type carcinoma and diabetes (27.23 ± 11.41) compared to the same patients without DM (17.08 ± 7.78) (p < .05). Presence of diabetes in patients with endometrioid type carcinoma resulted in an increase in eHSP70 approaching the level of eHSP70 in patients with non-endometrioid histology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Heidari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghra Rabizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salome Sadat Salehi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setare Akhavan
- Gynecology Ward, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khaloo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Alemi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirmiranpour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang DW, Tang JY, Zhang GQ, Chang XT. ARHGEF10L expression regulates cell proliferation and migration in gastric tumorigenesis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1362-1372. [PMID: 32154766 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1737503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10-like protein (ARHGEF10L) activated Rho GTPases as guanine nucleotide exchange factor to stimulate liver tumorigenesis. The present study continued to explore the effect of ARHGEF10L on the tumorigenic process of gastric cancer. This study detected increased expression of ARHGEF10L in GC tissues compared to peritumoral tissue samples. SGC7901 cells with ARHGEF10L overexpression showed increased cell proliferation, cell migration, and tube-like structure formation abilities, as well as increased expression of GTP-RhoA, ROCK1, and phospho-Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin. ARHGEF10L overexpression downregulated the expression of E-cadherin and upregulated the expression of N-cadherin and Slug, indicating an activation of EMT in the transfected cells. RNA-sequencing assay detected an increased expression of Heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 in the SGC7901 cells overexpressing ARHGEF10L. The above results suggest that ARHGEF10L expression can stimulate gastric tumorigenesis by prompting RhoA-ROCK1-phospho-ERM signaling, inducing EMT and increasing HSPA6 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yi Tang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tian Chang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China.,Medical Research Center, Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fujita Y, Matsuda S, Sasaki Y, Masugi Y, Kitago M, Yagi H, Abe Y, Shinoda M, Tokino T, Sakamoto M, Kitagawa Y. Pathogenesis of multiple pancreatic cancers involves multicentric carcinogenesis and intrapancreatic metastasis. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:739-748. [PMID: 31799787 PMCID: PMC7004534 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are increased opportunities in oncology clinics to identify multiple pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) that co-occur simultaneously or arise metachronously in the pancreatic parenchyma, yet their pathogenesis remains elusive. We hypothesized that two potential pathways, multicentric carcinogenesis and intrapancreatic metastasis, might contribute to forming multiple PDAC. Among 241 resected cases, we identified 20 cancer nodules from nine patients with multiple PDAC (six with synchronous PDAC, one with metachronous PDAC, and two with both synchronous and metachronous PDAC). Integrated clinical, pathological, and mutational analyses, using TP53 and SMAD4 immunostaining and targeted next-generation sequencing of 50 cancer-related genes, were conducted to examine the intertumor relationships. Four of the nine patients were assessed as having undergone multicentric carcinogenesis because of heterogeneity of immunohistochemical and/or mutation characteristics. In contrast, tumors in the other five patients showed intertumor molecular relatedness. Two of these five patients, available for matched sequencing data, showed two or more shared mutations. Moreover, all the smaller nodules in these five patients showed identical TP53 and SMAD4 expression patterns to the corresponding main tumors. Consequently, these five patients were considered to have undergone intrapancreatic metastasis. None of the five smaller nodules arising from intrapancreatic metastasis was accompanied by pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and three of them were tiny (≤1mm). Patients whose tumors resulted from intrapancreatic metastasis appeared to have higher disease stages and worse outcome than those with tumors from multicentric carcinogenesis. Our results provide insight into pancreatic carcinogenesis, showing that the development of multiple PDAC involves distinct evolutionary paths that potentially affect patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fujita
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Matsuda
- Endowed Research Chair in Molecular Targeted Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sasaki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinoda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokino
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liao H, Xiong T, Peng J, Xu L, Liao M, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Yuan K, Zeng Y. Classification and Prognosis Prediction from Histopathological Images of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by a Fully Automated Pipeline Based on Machine Learning. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:2359-2369. [PMID: 31916093 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-08190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop quantitative feature-based models from histopathological images to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from adjacent normal tissue and predict the prognosis of HCC patients after surgical resection. METHODS A fully automated pipeline was constructed using computational approaches to analyze the quantitative features of histopathological slides of HCC patients, in which the features were extracted from the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole-slide images of HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and tissue microarray images from West China Hospital. The extracted features were used to train the statistical models that classify tissue slides and predict patients' survival outcomes by machine-learning methods. RESULTS A total of 1733 quantitative image features were extracted from each histopathological slide. The diagnostic classifier based on 31 features was able to successfully distinguish HCC from adjacent normal tissues in both the test [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.988] and external validation sets (AUC 0.886). The random-forest prognostic model using 46 features was able to significantly stratify patients in each set into longer- or shorter-term survival groups according to their assigned risk scores. Moreover, the prognostic model we constructed showed comparable predicting accuracy as TNM staging systems in predicting patients' survival at different time points after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that machine-learning models derived from image features can assist clinicians in HCC diagnosis and its prognosis prediction after hepatectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyuan Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajie Peng
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingheng Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ueno A, Masugi Y, Yamazaki K, Kurebayashi Y, Tsujikawa H, Effendi K, Ojima H, Sakamoto M. Precision pathology analysis of the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: Implication for precision diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Int 2020; 70:140-154. [PMID: 31908112 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poor because the condition is often unresponsive to the available treatments. Consequently, the early and precise diagnosis of HCC is crucial to achieve improvements in prognosis. For patients with chronic liver disease, the assessment of liver fibrosis is also important to ascertain both the staging of fibrosis and the risk of HCC occurrence. Early HCC was first described in 1991 in Japan and was defined internationally in 2009. As the concept of early HCC spread, the multistage hepatocarcinogenesis process became accepted. Consequently, improvements in imaging technology made the early diagnosis of HCC possible. At present, the most appropriate therapeutic strategy for HCC is determined using an integrated staging system that assesses the tumor burden, the degree of liver dysfunction and the patient performance status; however, pathological and molecular features are not taken into account. The recent introduction of several new therapeutic agents will change the treatment strategy for HCC. Against this background, HCC subclassification based on tumor cellular and microenvironmental characteristics will become increasingly important. In this review, we give an overview of how pathological analysis contributes to understanding the development and progression of HCC and establishing a precision diagnosis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Ueno
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kurebayashi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Tsujikawa
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathryn Effendi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ojima
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Velasco L, Dublang L, Moro F, Muga A. The Complex Phosphorylation Patterns that Regulate the Activity of Hsp70 and Its Cochaperones. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174122. [PMID: 31450862 PMCID: PMC6747476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins must fold into their native structure and maintain it during their lifespan to display the desired activity. To ensure proper folding and stability, and avoid generation of misfolded conformations that can be potentially cytotoxic, cells synthesize a wide variety of molecular chaperones that assist folding of other proteins and avoid their aggregation, which unfortunately is unavoidable under acute stress conditions. A protein machinery in metazoa, composed of representatives of the Hsp70, Hsp40, and Hsp110 chaperone families, can reactivate protein aggregates. We revised herein the phosphorylation sites found so far in members of these chaperone families and the functional consequences associated with some of them. We also discuss how phosphorylation might regulate the chaperone activity and the interaction of human Hsp70 with its accessory and client proteins. Finally, we present the information that would be necessary to decrypt the effect that post-translational modifications, and especially phosphorylation, could have on the biological activity of the Hsp70 system, known as the “chaperone code”.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Velasco
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leire Dublang
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Moro
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Arturo Muga
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Molecular Chaperone Heat Shock Protein 70 Controls Liver Cancer Initiation and Progression by Regulating Adaptive DNA Damage and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathways. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00391-18. [PMID: 30745413 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00391-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Delineating the mechanisms that drive hepatic injury and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is critical for development of novel treatments for recurrent and advanced HCC but also for the development of diagnostic and preventive strategies. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) acts in concert with several cochaperones and nucleotide exchange factors and plays an essential role in protein quality control that increases survival by protecting cells against environmental stressors. Specifically, the HSP70-mediated response has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, but the specific mechanisms by which HSP70 may support malignant cell transformation remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that genetic ablation of HSP70 markedly impairs HCC initiation and progression by distinct but overlapping pathways. This includes the potentiation of the carcinogen-induced DNA damage response, at the tumor initiation stage, to increase the p53-dependent surveillance response leading to the cell cycle exit or death of genomically damaged differentiated pericentral hepatocytes, and this may also prevent their conversion into more proliferating HCC progenitor cells. Subsequently, activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) negative feedback pathway diminishes oncogenic signals, thereby attenuating premalignant cell transformation and tumor progression. Modulation of HSP70 function may be a strategy for interfering with oncogenic signals driving liver cell transformation and tumor progression, thus providing an opportunity for human cancer control.
Collapse
|
41
|
Chaturvedi VK, Singh A, Dubey SK, Hetta HF, John J, Singh M. Molecular mechanistic insight of hepatitis B virus mediated hepatocellular carcinoma. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:184-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
42
|
Ao L, Zhang Z, Guan Q, Guo Y, Guo Y, Zhang J, Lv X, Huang H, Zhang H, Wang X, Guo Z. A qualitative signature for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on relative expression orderings. Liver Int 2018; 38:1812-1819. [PMID: 29682909 PMCID: PMC6175149 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Currently, using biopsy specimens to confirm suspicious liver lesions of early hepatocellular carcinoma are not entirely reliable because of insufficient sampling amount and inaccurate sampling location. It is necessary to develop a signature to aid early hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis using biopsy specimens even when the sampling location is inaccurate. METHODS Based on the within-sample relative expression orderings of gene pairs, we identified a simple qualitative signature to distinguish both hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent non-tumour tissues from cirrhosis tissues of non-hepatocellular carcinoma patients. RESULTS A signature consisting of 19 gene pairs was identified in the training data sets and validated in 2 large collections of samples from biopsy and surgical resection specimens. For biopsy specimens, 95.7% of 141 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and all (100%) of 108 cirrhosis tissues of non-hepatocellular carcinoma patients were correctly classified. Especially, all (100%) of 60 hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent normal tissues and 77.5% of 80 hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent cirrhosis tissues were classified to hepatocellular carcinoma. For surgical resection specimens, 99.7% of 733 hepatocellular carcinoma specimens were correctly classified to hepatocellular carcinoma, while 96.1% of 254 hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent cirrhosis tissues and 95.9% of 538 hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent normal tissues were classified to hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, 17.0% of 47 cirrhosis from non-hepatocellular carcinoma patients waiting for liver transplantation were classified to hepatocellular carcinoma, indicating that some patients with long-lasting cirrhosis could have already gained hepatocellular carcinoma characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The signature can distinguish both hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and tumour-adjacent tissues from cirrhosis tissues of non-hepatocellular carcinoma patients even using inaccurately sampled biopsy specimens, which can aid early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ao
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zimei Zhang
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yating Guo
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - You Guo
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xingwei Lv
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Huarong Zhang
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian ProvinceFuzhouChina
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of BioinformaticsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian ProvinceFuzhouChina,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor MicrobiologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Andolino C, Hess C, Prince T, Williams H, Chernin M. Drug-induced keratin 9 interaction with Hsp70 in bladder cancer cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1137-1142. [PMID: 29802537 PMCID: PMC6111075 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A pull-down experiment (co-immunoprecipitation) was performed on a T24 human bladder cancer cell lysate treated with the Hsp inhibitor VER155008 using an Hsp70 antibody attached to Dynabeads. Keratin 9, a cytoskeleton intermediate filament protein, was identified by LC MS/MS analysis. This novel finding was confirmed by Western blotting, RT-PCR, and immunocytochemistry. Other members of the keratin family of proteins have been shown to be involved in cancer progression, most recently identified to be associated with cell invasion and metastasis. The specific role of keratin 9 expression in these cells is yet to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Andolino
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA
| | - C Hess
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA
| | - T Prince
- Department of Urology, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
| | - H Williams
- Department of Urology, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
| | - M Chernin
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Uthamalingam P, Das A, Behra A, Kalra N, Chawla Y. Diagnostic Value of Glypican3, Heat Shock Protein 70 and Glutamine Synthetase in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Arising in Cirrhotic and Non-Cirrhotic Livers. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2018; 8:173-180. [PMID: 29892181 PMCID: PMC5992316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Histopathological distinction of various nodular lesions in liver with sufficient sensitivity and specificity is a challenge even in an expert set up. The panel of immunohistochemical markers composed of glutamine synthetase (GS), Glypican3 (GPC3) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was recommended by the International Consensus Group for Hepatocellular Neoplasia group for the differentiation of high grade dysplastic nodule and early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The panel has been extensively validated in the western population. This study aims to test this panel on Indian population on resected, explanted and autopsy cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver specimens of HCC. METHODOLOGY This study was conducted on 39 such liver specimens (12 cirrhotic, 12 pre-cirrhotic and 11 non-cirrhotic, non-fibrotic livers), including 35 cases of HCC over a period of 12 years. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against GS, GPC3 and HSP70 on the sections containing both malignant and dysplastic nodules. RESULTS The diagnostic yield depended upon the nature of background liver pathology and was found to be high for only those HCCs arising in cirrhotic background, when positivity of any two markers was taken to be in favor of HCC (sensitivity-58.33%; specificity-100%). GS had a sensitivity and Negative predictive value of 100% for HCCs arising in cirrhotic livers. CONCLUSIONS Strong positivity for GS is a highly sensitive marker for HCC in a cirrhotic background regardless of the differentiation of the tumor in Indian population. This may be due to preferential activation of Wnt pathway in Indian patients with cirrhosis. The sensitivity of the panel was too low for detecting HCCs arising in non-cirrhotic livers, even in the pre-cirrhotic chronically inflamed livers, even though the specificity was high. GPC3 and HSP70 appear to be useful as individual markers for HCCs arising in non-cirrhotic livers.
Collapse
Key Words
- C, cirrhotic
- GPC3, Glypican3
- GS, glutamine synthetase
- Glypican3
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HGDN, high grade dysplastic nodule
- HSP70, heat shock protein 70
- ICGHN, International Consensus Group for Hepatocellular Neoplasia
- LGDN, low grade dysplastic nodules
- NCNF, non-cirrhotic, non-fibrotic livers
- PC, pre-cirrhotic
- dysplastic nodules
- glutamine synthetase
- heat shock protein 70
- hepatocellular carcinoma
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Histopathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Ashim Das, Professor, Department of Histopathology, Research Block A, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | | | - Naveen Kalra
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xiang X, You XM, Li LQ. Expression of HSP90AA1/HSPA8 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with depression. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3013-3023. [PMID: 29872313 PMCID: PMC5973353 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s159432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression may influence susceptibility to cancer, and the genes and signaling pathways that may mediate this association are unclear. Methods Here, we used isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation, 2-dimensional liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry to compare proteins expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with or without depression. Results A total of 89 proteins were up-regulated and 44 were down-regulated in patients with depression. HSP90AA1 and HSPA8 were up-regulated, which correlated with elevated levels of VEGF, VEGFR2, PI3K, and AKT1 and reduced levels of caspase 9 and BAD. Disease-free survival rate was significantly lower and risk of tumor recurrence was significantly higher in patients with depression, which may reflect high HSP90AA1/HSPA8 expression. Conclusion These results suggest that the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway may be associated with HCC recurrence in patients expressing high levels of HSP90AA1/HSPA8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shen Q, Eun JW, Lee K, Kim HS, Yang HD, Kim SY, Lee EK, Kim T, Kang K, Kim S, Min DH, Oh SN, Lee YJ, Moon H, Ro SW, Park WS, Lee JY, Nam SW. Barrier to autointegration factor 1, procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3, and splicing factor 3b subunit 4 as early-stage cancer decision markers and drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2018; 67:1360-1377. [PMID: 29059470 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An accurate tool enabling early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is clinically important, given that early detection of HCC markedly improves survival. We aimed to investigate the molecular markers underlying early progression of HCC that can be detected in precancerous lesions. We designed a gene selection strategy to identify potential driver genes by integrative analysis of transcriptome and clinicopathological data of human multistage HCC tissues, including precancerous lesions, low- and high-grade dysplastic nodules. The gene selection process was guided by detecting the selected molecules in both HCC and precancerous lesion. Using various computational approaches, we selected 10 gene elements as a candidate and, through immunohistochemical staining, showed that barrier to autointegration factor 1 (BANF1), procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3 (PLOD3), and splicing factor 3b subunit 4 (SF3B4) are HCC decision markers with superior capability to diagnose early-stage HCC in a large cohort of HCC patients, as compared to the currently popular trio of HCC diagnostic markers: glypican 3, glutamine synthetase, and heat-shock protein 70. Targeted inactivation of BANF1, PLOD3, and SF3B4 inhibits in vitro and in vivo liver tumorigenesis by selectively modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell-cycle proteins. Treatment of nanoparticles containing small-interfering RNAs of the three genes suppressed liver tumor incidence as well as tumor growth rates in a spontaneous mouse HCC model. We also demonstrated that SF3B4 overexpression triggers SF3b complex to splice tumor suppressor KLF4 transcript to nonfunctional skipped exon transcripts. This contributes to malignant transformation and growth of hepatocyte through transcriptional inactivation of p27Kip1 and simultaneously activation of Slug genes. CONCLUSION The findings suggest molecular markers of BANF1, PLOD3, and SF3B4 indicating early-stage HCC in precancerous lesion, and also suggest drivers for understanding the development of hepatocarcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2018;67:1360-1377).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Shen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungbun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Doo Yang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yean Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemook Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Nam Oh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Moon
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Simon Weonsang Ro
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ehedego H, Mohs A, Jansen B, Hiththetiya K, Sicinski P, Liedtke C, Trautwein C. Loss of Cyclin E1 attenuates hepatitis and hepatocarcinogenesis in a mouse model of chronic liver injury. Oncogene 2018; 37:3329-3339. [PMID: 29551768 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury triggers liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Cyclin E1 (CcnE1, formerly designated Cyclin E) is a regulatory subunit of the Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). It is overexpressed in approximately 70% of human HCCs correlating with poor prognosis, while the relevance of its orthologue Cyclin E2 (CcnE2) is unclear. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of NF-kappa-B essential modulator (NEMOΔhepa) leads to chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and HCC as well as CcnE upregulation. To this end, we generated NEMOΔhepa/CcnE1-/- and NEMOΔhepa/CcnE2-/- double knockout mice and investigated age-dependent liver disease progression in these animals. Deletion of CcnE1 in NEMOΔhepa mice decreased basal liver damage and reduced spontaneous liver inflammation in young mice. In contrast, loss of CcnE2 did not affect liver injury in NEMOΔhepa livers pointing to a unique, non-redundant function of CcnE1 in chronic hepatitis. Accordingly, basal compensatory hepatocyte proliferation in NEMOΔhepa mice was reduced by concomitant ablation of CcnE1, but not after loss of CcnE2. In aged NEMOΔhepa mice, loss of CcnE1 resulted in significant reduction of liver tumorigenesis, while deletion of CcnE2 had no effect on HCC formation. CcnE1, but not its orthologue CcnE2, substantially contributes to hepatic inflammatory response, liver disease progression, and hepatocarcinogenesis in NEMOΔhepa mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haksier Ehedego
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Mohs
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bettina Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Joung JG, Ha SY, Bae JS, Nam JY, Gwak GY, Lee HO, Son DS, Park CK, Park WY. Nonlinear tumor evolution from dysplastic nodules to hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2076-2082. [PMID: 27409339 PMCID: PMC5356781 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysplastic nodules are premalignant neoplastic nodules found in explanted livers with cirrhosis. Genetic signatures of premalignant dysplastic nodules (DNs) with concurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may provide an insight in the molecular evolution of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. We analyzed four patients with multifocal nodular lesions and cirrhotic background by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The genomic profiles of somatic single nucleotide variations (SNV) and copy number variations (CNV) in DNs were compared to those of HCCs. The number and variant allele frequency of somatic SNVs of DNs and HCCs in each patient was identical along the progression of pathological grade. The somatic SNVs in DNs showed little conservation in HCC. Additionally, CNVs showed no conservation. Phylogenetic analysis based on SNVs and copy number profiles indicated a nonlinear segregation pattern, implying independent development of DNs and HCC in each patient. Thus, somatic mutations in DNs may be developed separately from other malignant nodules in the same liver, suggesting a nonlinear model for hepatocarcinogenesis from DNs to HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Departments of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Seol Bae
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Nam
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Departments of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Soon Son
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Keun Park
- Departments of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Departments of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Alavian SM, Lankarani KB, Farrokh P, Randel Nyengaard J. Concomitant use of heat-shock protein 70, glutamine synthetase and glypican-3 is useful in diagnosis of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma with higher specificity and sensitivity. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2859. [PMID: 29569872 PMCID: PMC5806503 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and late diagnosis is the main cause of death in HCC patients. In this study expression patterns of HSP70, GPC3 and GS and their relationships with pathogenesis of HCC in Iranian patients were investigated. The expression of HSP70, GPC3 and GS were determined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) methods, using 121 cases from patients with HBV alone, HCC without HBV, HBV+HCC and 30 normal tissues as control group. HSP70, GPC3 and GS were expressed in higher levels in HBV-related HCC samples compared to HBV alone group. The results showed that the labeling index of HSP70, GPC3 and GS are correlated with immunohistochemical and molecular expressions of HSP70, GPC3 and GS. The sensitivity and specificity for HCC diagnosis were 43.4% and 89.7% for HSP70, 64.3% and 90.4% for GPC3, and 60.7% and 94.3% for GS, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the panels with 3, 2 and 1 positive markers, regardless of which one, were 21.6% and 100%, 51.3% and 100% and 93.4% and 80.5% respectively. The current study demonstrated an association between HSP70, GPC3 and GS expressions and HBV-related HCC in our population. It was concluded that HSP70, GPC3 and GS expressions could be useful biomarkers for increasing the specificity and sensitivity of HCC diagnosis to acceptable level. Also, proper combinations of these 3 markers could improve diagnostic accuracy.
Collapse
|
50
|
Sheng X, Huang T, Qin J, Yang L, Sa ZQ, Li Q. Identification of the Differential Expression Profiles of Serum and Tissue Proteins During Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533034618756785. [PMID: 29478368 PMCID: PMC5833169 DOI: 10.1177/1533034618756785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is complex and not fully known yet. This study aims to screen and identify the differentially expressed proteins in peripheral blood and liver tissue samples from rat hepatocellular carcinoma and to further clarify the pathogenesis and discover the specific tumor markers and molecular targets of hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatocellular carcinoma model of Wistar rats were induced by chemical carcinogen. The serum and liver tissue samples were obtained after induction for 2, 4, 8, 14, 18, and 21 weeks. The results showed that the clusterin (IPI00198667), heat shock protein a8 (IPI00208205), and N-myc downstream-regulated gene-2 (IPI00382069) being closely related to hepatocarcinogenesis were eventually identified from the 30 different proteins. As the time progressed, the serum levels of clusterin and heat shock protein a8 increased gradually during induced liver cancer in rats. However, the serum N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 level in induced liver cancer in rats underwent biphasic changes, and the serum N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 level decreased at the 8th week, increased at the 14th week, and then decreased significantly. Statistical difference occurred in protein expression of clusterin and heat shock protein a8 in liver tissues at the different time points. In the liver tissues, the N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 level decreased gradually at the 8th week, increased gradually at the 14th week, and then decreased significantly after 14 weeks. The study demonstrated that heat shock protein a8, clusterin, and N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 participated in the process of abnormal cell division, proliferation, and carcinogenesis of liver cells during hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Proteome
- Proteomics/methods
- Rats
- Transcriptome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sheng
- 1 Department of pathology, Affiliated to the Third Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Qin
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- 3 Department of general surgery, Affiliated to the Third Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Sa
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- 4 Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|