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Ioannou P, Sourris A, Tsantes AG, Samonis G. Infective Endocarditis by Campylobacter Species-A Narrative Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:594. [PMID: 39057821 PMCID: PMC11279824 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease that may cause significant morbidity and mortality. IE is classically caused by Gram-positive microorganisms; however, Gram-negative bacteria may seldom also be the cause. Campylobacter species cause zoonosis and may also infect humans, mainly causing gastrointestinal infection by C. jejuni or invasive disease by C. fetus, such as bacteremia, sepsis, meningitis, or vascular infection. Campylobacter species IE has rarely been described, and most reports are cases and/or case series. Thus, the characteristics of this disease, including its epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome, remain largely unknown. This study aimed to review all published Campylobacter IE cases and describe their characteristics. A thorough search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus for published studies providing information on epidemiology, clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of Campylobacter IE cases was performed for the present narrative review. A total of 22 studies containing data from 26 patients were located and included. Among all patients, 73.1% were male; the median age was 65 years. Among all patients, 36.4% had a history of a prosthetic valve. The most commonly affected valve was the aortic, followed by the mitral. Fever, heart failure, and sepsis were the most frequent clinical findings. The most commonly isolated pathogen was C. fetus, with only one patient having C. jejuni IE. Antimicrobial resistance was low for all antimicrobials, with tetracycline having the highest resistance. Aminoglycosides and beta-lactams were the most commonly used antimicrobials. Surgery was performed in 48% of patients. The mortality rate was 26.9%. Patients who died were more likely to have sepsis, shock, and heart failure and were less likely to have been treated with aminopenicillins; however, no factor was identified in a multivariate logistic regression model as an independent factor for overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angelos Sourris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreas G. Tsantes
- Laboratory of Hematology and Blood Bank Unit, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Metropolitan Hospital, Neon Faliron, 18547 Athens, Greece
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Bak A, Kim TS, Park H, Park JH. Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Campylobacter fetus: a case report and literature review. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231213264. [PMID: 37987669 PMCID: PMC10664450 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231213264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is a Gram-negative bacillus typically associated with bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a serious complication of prosthetic valve surgery, with a high mortality rate if not treated promptly. We present a rare case of PVE caused by C. fetus. A man in his mid-60s presented to the Emergency Department with a fever and showed elevated C-reactive protein concentrations. He had prosthetic mitral and aortic valve replacement surgery 15 years previously. Gram-negative rods were detected in a blood culture. These rods were identified as C. fetus using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The patient was treated with gentamicin and imipenem, and underwent valve replacement surgery. C. fetus was isolated in a left atrial appendage swab obtained during the surgery. Follow-up blood cultures were negative after treatment. However, after a cardiac arrest event, the patient's general condition deteriorated, and he died. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of PVE caused by C. fetus in Korea and the second fatality to date. This case highlights the importance of considering C. fetus as a potential cause of PVE, even in patients without known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeong Bak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dobrović K, Fila B, Janeš A, Civljak R. Campylobacter fetus Bacteremia Related to Vascular Prosthesis and Pseudoaneurysm Infection: A Case Report and Review. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121536. [PMID: 36558870 PMCID: PMC9781730 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter fetus rarely causes gastrointestinal diseases but shows an affinity for the endovascular epithelium. METHODS We describe a case of C. fetus bacteremia related to vascular prosthesis and pseudoaneurysm infection, with a review of the literature. RESULTS A 67-year-old male was admitted with a history of fever, weakness and painful swelling of the groin. After unsuccessful treatment with ciprofloxacin, the patient was transferred to our hospital, where he had been previously treated for aortoiliac occlusive disease including a prosthetic aortobifemoral and popliteal bypass with polyester graft placement. An angiography showed a pseudoaneurysm in the groin and, therefore, repair of the pseudoaneurysm, removal of the prosthesis and biologic graft placement were performed. Blood cultures and tissue samples of the vascular prosthesis and pseudoaneurysm yielded C. fetus resistant to ciprofloxacin. The patient was treated with meropenem for four weeks, followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate for another two weeks after discharge. Eight previously published cases of C. fetus bacteremia due to infected cardiovascular prosthetic devices (prosthetic heart valves, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and a permanent pacemaker) were summarized in the review. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of a C. fetus bacteremia related to post-surgical infection of a vascular prosthesis causing a pseudoaneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dobrović
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Dubrava University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branko Fila
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dubrava University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Janeš
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rok Civljak
- Department for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-91-4012547
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Lynch CT, Buttimer C, Epping L, O'Connor J, Walsh N, McCarthy C, O'Brien D, Vaughan C, Semmler T, Bolton D, Coffey A, Lucey B. Phenotypic and genetic analyses of two Campylobacter fetus isolates from a patient with relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6486444. [PMID: 34962980 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal and systemic disease in humans and are well established veterinary and economic pathogens. We report the complete genomic sequences of two C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) isolates recovered in 2017 (CITCf01) and 2018 (CITCf02) from a case of recurrent prosthetic valve endocarditis. Both were capable of growth aerobically. Their genomes were found to be highly conserved and syntenic with 99.97% average nucleotide identity (ANI) while differences in their respective sap loci defined the temporal separation of their genomes. Based on core genome phylogeny and ANI of 83 Cff genomes belonging to the previously described human-associated Cff lineage, CITCf01 and CITCf02 grouped in a clade of eleven sequence type (ST)3 Cff (including the Cff type strain NCTC 10842T). CITCf01 and CITCf02 were marked for their lack of unique genomic features when compared to isolates within the subspecies and the type strain in particular. We identified point mutations in oxidative stress response genes, among others, that may contribute to aerobiosis. We report a case of Cff causing relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis and we highlight the sap island as a polymorphic site within the genetically stable ST3 lineage, central to pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe T Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Buttimer
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lennard Epping
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany
| | - James O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Walsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor McCarthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre O'Brien
- Department of Microbiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carl Vaughan
- Department of Cardiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany
| | - Declan Bolton
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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El Beayni NK, Araj GF, Beydoun S, Kozah M, Tabbarah Z. Campylobacter fetus thyroid gland abscess in a young immunocompetent woman. IDCases 2019; 19:e00681. [PMID: 31908945 PMCID: PMC6938908 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are mostly associated with intestinal infections. Campylobacter fetus, however, can cause bacteremia and extra-intestinal infections especially in immunosuppressed patients. To the best of our knowledge, we present the second case of C. fetus causing thyroiditis and thyroid abscess in an immunocompetent young woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K El Beayni
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George F Araj
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Beydoun
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Kozah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zuhayr Tabbarah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Lynch C, O'Connor JA, O'Brien D, Vaughan C, Bolton D, Coffey A, Lucey B. First reported detection of biofilm formation by Campylobacter fetus during investigation of a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis. J Clin Pathol 2019; 72:554-557. [PMID: 31055471 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus (CFF) can cause intestinal illness, particularly in immunocompromised humans, with the potential to cause severe systemic infections. CFF is a zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range among farm animals and humans, inducing abortion in sheep and cows. The current paper describes a strain of CFF isolated from a patient with prosthetic valve endocarditis in Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland, during 2017. Only five cases of C. fetus as a cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis have been reported in the literature, with no reports of biofilm formation within the species. METHODS The aetiological strain was speciated and subspeciated by the VITEK 2 NH card and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. CFF biofilm formation was analysed using a crystal violet staining method. C. jejuni National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) 11168 was used as a positive control organism. Strains were incubated statically in Mueller-Hinton broth and Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with 0.025% sodium deoxycholate for 3 and 7 days at 37°C, microaerobically. RESULTS The CFF strain formed stronger attached biofilms on polystyrene plates on day 3 (72 hours) than the C. jejuni NCTC 11168 control strain, but were weaker than the control strain on day 7 in Mueller-Hinton broth. Monoculture of this C. fetus isolate was found to exist in three defined forms of biofilms (attached, air-liquid interface and floccules). CONCLUSIONS This clinically significant C. fetus isolate showed considerable biofilm-forming capability, which we suggest conferred a survivalist advantage, contributing to the genesis of infective prosthetic valve endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Lynch
- Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Carl Vaughan
- Cardiology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Aidan Coffey
- Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Petridou C, Strakova L, Simpson R. Campylobacter fetus prosthetic valve endocarditis presenting as a stroke. JMM Case Rep 2018; 5:e005147. [PMID: 29896407 PMCID: PMC5994706 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Campylobacter is a common pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract, but invasive disease is rare. Campylobacter fetus can play a role in osteomyelitis, meningitis and joint infection and has a prediliction for the vascular endothelium, causing mycotic aneurysms, thrombophlebitis and endocarditis. Here we present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by C. fetus and a review of the literature. Case presentation An 85-year-old woman with a tissue aortic valve replacement and atrial fibrillation was admitted to hospital with tonic-clonic seizures, right-sided hemiparesis, facial droop and hemianopia. Multiple cerebral emboli were seen on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Blood cultures grew C. fetus and an echocardiogram showed thickening and restricted movement of the aortic valve, a significant difference from an echocardiogram done 2 months before when the same organism was again isolated in blood cultures. She improved after treatment with 6 weeks of amoxicillin and 2 weeks of synergistic gentamicin for prosthetic valve endocarditis. Conclusion There have only been five previously reported cases of C. fetus prosthetic valve endocarditis and this is the only patient who presented as a stroke. The majority of surviving patients required replacement of the affected valve with only one other patient surviving in the absence of surgery. No guidelines exist on the optimum treatment of C. fetus endocarditis and this case reports adds to the growing literature on the appropriate management for this rare and potentially devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Petridou
- Microbiology Department, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Rd, Cosham, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK
| | - Lenka Strakova
- Microbiology Department, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Rd, Cosham, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK
| | - Ruan Simpson
- Microbiology Department, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Rd, Cosham, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK
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Reid MJA, Shannon EM, Baxi SM, Chin-Hong P. Steak tartare endocarditis. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2015-212928. [PMID: 26917729 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-212928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a case of Campylobacter fetus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis and discusses the subsequent management. Although C. fetus has a tropism for vascular endothelium, infective endocarditis has rarely been reported. In this patient, despite initial optimal antimicrobial therapy, valve replacement was ultimately required due to ongoing infectious emboli to the brain in the setting of evidence of vegetation enlargement on echocardiogram. The prosthetic valve was replaced, the patient completed a 6-week course of parenteral antibiotics after surgical intervention and he made a full recovery with no long-term neurological sequelae. This case highlights the fact that despite the relatively low prevalence of C. fetus endocarditis, it is associated with a high degree of mortality and valve replacement is often indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J A Reid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Evan Michael Shannon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanjiv M Baxi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Chin-Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Kaakoush NO, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Mitchell HM, Man SM. Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:687-720. [PMID: 26062576 PMCID: PMC4462680 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00006-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 871] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni, there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Prendki V, Marmor S, Zeller V, Lhotellier L, Mégraud F, Desplaces N. Campylobacter infection after prosthetic joint surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 45:706-10. [PMID: 23808718 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2013.800225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Few cases of Campylobacter prosthetic joint infection (PJI) have been reported so far. We describe the demographic characteristics, underlying conditions, clinical features, treatment, and outcome of 8 patients with Campylobacter PJI in our hospital. All strains were confirmed at the French National Reference Center for Campylobacter and Helicobacter. Seven patients were infected with C. fetus and 1 with C. jejuni. Most patients were elderly and immunocompromised. Four had bacteremia, one of these with a pacemaker endocarditis. All the patients received at least 3 months of antibiotic treatment and 6 were treated surgically. The outcome was favorable at 2 years of follow-up in all except for 1 patient. Campylobacter PJI cases are rare but likely to become more frequent. C. fetus bacteremia should motivate physicians to look for a secondary localization such as a Campylobacter PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Prendki
- Service d'Orthopédie, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint Simon, Paris, France.
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Pacanowski J, Lalande V, Lacombe K, Boudraa C, Lesprit P, Legrand P, Trystram D, Kassis N, Arlet G, Mainardi JL, Doucet-Populaire F, Girard PM, Meynard JL. Campylobacter bacteremia: clinical features and factors associated with fatal outcome. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 47:790-6. [PMID: 18699745 DOI: 10.1086/591530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter bacteremia is uncommon. The influence of underlying conditions and of the impact of antibiotics on infection outcome are not known. METHODS From January 2000 through December 2004, 183 episodes of Campylobacter bacteremia were identified in 23 hospitals in the Paris, France, area. The medical records were reviewed. Characteristics of bacteremia due to Campylobacter fetus and to other Campylobacter species were compared. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for fatal outcome within 30 days. RESULTS Most affected patients were elderly or immunocompromised. C. fetus was the most commonly identified species (in 53% of patients). The main underlying conditions were liver disease (39%) and cancer (38%). The main clinical manifestations were diarrhea (33%) and skin infection (16%). Twenty-seven patients (15%) died within 30 days. Compared with patients with bacteremia due to other Campylobacter species, patients with C. fetus bacteremia were older (mean age, 69.5 years vs. 55.6 years; P = .001) and were more likely to have cellulitis (19% vs. 7%; P = .03), endovascular infection (13% vs. 1%; P = .007), or infection associated with a medical device (7% vs. 0%; P = .02). Independent risk factors for death were cancer (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-20.8) and asymptomatic infection (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.5-29.4) for C. fetus bacteremia, the absence of prescription of appropriate antibiotics (OR, 12.2; 95% CI, 0.9-157.5), and prescription of third-generation cephalosporins (OR, 10.2; 95% CI, 1.9-53.7) for bacteremia caused by other species. CONCLUSIONS Campylobacter bacteremia occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients. Clinical features and risk factors of death differ by infection species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Pacanowski
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
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13
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The in vitro susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. to the antibacterial effect of manuka honey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 28:339-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gazaigne L, Legrand P, Renaud B, Bourra B, Taillandier E, Brun-Buisson C, Lesprit P. Campylobacter fetus bloodstream infection: risk factors and clinical features. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 27:185-9. [PMID: 17999095 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report 21 cases of Campylobacter fetus bloodstream infection observed in our institution over a 9-year period. The median age of the patients was 78 years. Most of them (62%) had a significant underlying disease, such as diabetes, immunodeficiency or cardiovascular disease. The main clinical features were fever with (62% of cases) or without (38%) extra-intestinal symptoms. These included mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (24%) and cellulitis (19%). Antibiotic treatment was mainly based on amoxicilline-clavulanate (57%) or imipenem (21%), for a median duration of 28 days. A favourable outcome was observed in 72% of cases. Death directly attributable to infection was observed for three patients, due to the rupture of an infected aneurysm or relapsing bloodstream infection with septic shock. All patients initially treated with imipenem had a favourable outcome. This report adds evidence that C. fetus bloodstream infection should be suspected in elderly patients with fever, immunodeficiency and cardiovascular damages. Imipenem seems to be the most active drug, especially in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gazaigne
- Unité de Contrôle Epidémiologie et Prévention de l'Infection, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Service des Urgences, Hôpital Henri Mondor (AP-HP), Créteil, France
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Rapp C, Imbert P, Fabre R, Cavallo JD, Debord T. Bactériémie et dermohypodermite à Campylobacter fetus sur cathéter à chambre implantable au cours d'une infection par le VIH. Med Mal Infect 2007; 37:284-6. [PMID: 17446026 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus is an opportunist Gram-negative bacillus, which is known to be a cause of systemic infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. We report a C. fetus bacteremia and cellulitis complicating a venous access port infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This bacillus seems to have a predilection for the vascular endothelium and its isolation is difficult. Physicians should be aware of C. fetus infection in patients with vascular devices. Microbiologists should accurately isolate this organism from clinical specimens by modifying incubation techniques and performing molecular biology. The prognosis seems to be improved by a prolonged betalactam antibiotic regimen, especially amoxicilline plus clavulanic acid. In HIV infected patients, quinolones that were successful in our case, should be used with caution because of increasing resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rapp
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital militaire Bégin, 69, avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé cedex, France.
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