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Zheng S, An S, Luo Y, Vithran DTA, Yang S, Lu B, Deng Z, Li Y. HYBID in osteoarthritis: Potential target for disease progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115043. [PMID: 37364478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
HYBID is a new hyaluronan-degrading enzyme and exists in various cells of the human body. Recently, HYBID was found to over-express in the osteoarthritic chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. According to these researches, high level of HYBID is significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration in joints and hyaluronic acid degradation in synovial fluid. In addition, HYBID can affect inflammatory cytokine secretion, cartilage and synovium fibrosis, synovial hyperplasia via multiple signaling pathways, thereby exacerbating osteoarthritis. Based on the existing research of HYBID in osteoarthritis, HYBID can break the metabolic balance of HA in joints through the degradation ability independent of HYALs/CD44 system and furthermore affect cartilage structure and mechanotransduction of chondrocytes. In particular, in addition to HYBID itself being able to trigger some signaling pathways, we believe that low-molecular-weight hyaluronan produced by excess degradation can also stimulate some disease-promoting signaling pathways by replacing high-molecular-weight hyaluronan in joints. The specific role of HYBID in osteoarthritis is gradually revealed, and the discovery of HYBID raises the new way to treat osteoarthritis. In this review, the expression and basic functions of HYBID in joints were summarized, and reveal potential role of HYBID as a key target in treatment for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Senbo An
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoqu Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangbao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Lu KH, Lu PWA, Lin CW, Lu EWH, Yang SF. Different molecular weights of hyaluronan research in knee osteoarthritis: A state-of-the-art review. Matrix Biol 2023; 117:46-71. [PMID: 36849081 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is characterized by progressive cartilage destruction, concomitant adaptive osteogenesis, and loss of joint function. The progression of OA with aging is associated with a decrease in native hyaluronan (HA, hyaluronate or hyaluronic acid) with a high molecular weight (HMW) in synovial fluid and a subsequent increase in lower MW HA and fragments. As HMW HA possesses numerous biochemical and biological properties, we review new molecular insights into the potential of HA to modify OA processes. Different MWs in the formulation of products appear to have varying effects on knee OA (KOA) pain relief, improved function, and postponing surgery. In addition to the safety profile, more evidence indicates that intraarticular (IA) HA administration may be an effective option to treat KOA, with a particular emphasis on the use of HA with fewer injections of higher MW, including potential applications of HA of very HMW. We also analyzed published systemic reviews and meta-analyses of IA HA in treating KOA in order to discuss their conclusions and consensus statements. According to its MW, HA may offer a simple way to refine therapeutic information in selective KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | | | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Eric Wun-Hao Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Kim YS, Suh DS, Tak DH, Chung PK, Kwon YB, Kim TY, Koh YG. Comparative matched-pair cohort analysis of the short-term clinical outcomes of mesenchymal stem cells versus hyaluronic acid treatments through intra-articular injections for knee osteoarthritis. J Exp Orthop 2020; 7:90. [PMID: 33188474 PMCID: PMC7666263 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-020-00310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) has shown promises in reducing pain and improving physical function in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Recently, cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as potential treatments. However, few studies have compared the treatment outcomes between MSCs and HA. This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of intra-articular injections of MSCs versus HA in patients with knee OA. Methods A cohort of 209 patients with knee OA were retrospectively screened for those who underwent intra-articular injections using MSCs or HA. Thirty MSC-treated patients (MSC group) were pair-matched with thirty HA-treated patients (HA group) based on gender and age. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) rating system, and Lysholm scoring system. Radiological evaluation was assessed using the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading system. Results MSC treatment yielded consistent significant improvements in VAS, IKDC and Lysholm scores. In the HA group, VAS scores significantly decreased at 1 month, slightly increased at 3 months, and increased significantly from 3 months to 1 year after injection. The IKDC and Lysholm scores improved significantly until 3 months, but gradually worsened thereafter. Significantly greater improvements in VAS (P = 0.041), IKDC (P = 0.014), and Lysholm (P = 0.020) scores were observed in the MSC group compared to those in the HA group at 1-year post-treatment. The K-L grade worsened in a few patients, especially those in the HA group, albeit no significant difference. Conclusions MSC group showed better VAS, IKDC, and Lysholm scores at 1-year post-treatment, compared to the HA group, although earlier clinical improvements were superior in the HA group for the initial 3 months. Level of Evidence Therapeutic study, Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sang Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 10, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Suk Suh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 10, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Tak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 10, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pill Ku Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 10, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Beom Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 10, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 10, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gon Koh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 10, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Gupta RC, Lall R, Srivastava A, Sinha A. Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:192. [PMID: 31294035 PMCID: PMC6603175 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, but more abundantly in articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) content varies widely in different joints and species. HA is a non-sulfated, naturally occurring non-protein glycosaminoglycan (GAG), with distinct physico-chemical properties, produced by synoviocytes, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. HA has an important role in the biomechanics of normal SF, where it is partially responsible for lubrication and viscoelasticity of the SF. The concentration of HA and its molecular weight (MW) decline as osteoarthritis (OA) progresses with aging. For that reason, HA has been used for more than four decades in the treatment of OA in dogs, horses and humans. HA produces anti-arthritic effects via multiple mechanisms involving receptors, enzymes and other metabolic pathways. HA is also used in the treatment of ophthalmic, dermal, burns, wound repair, and other health conditions. The MW of HA appears to play a critical role in the formulation of the products used in the treatment of diseases. This review provides a mechanism-based rationale for the use of HA in some disease conditions with special reference to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Gupta
- Toxicology Department, Breathitt Veterinary Center, Murray State University, Hopkinsville, KY, United States
| | - Rajiv Lall
- Vets Plus, Inc., Menomonie, WI, United States
| | | | - Anita Sinha
- Vets Plus, Inc., Menomonie, WI, United States
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Bianchi A, Moulin D, Hupont S, Koufany M, Netter P, Reboul P, Jouzeau JY. Oxidative stress-induced expression of HSP70 contributes to the inhibitory effect of 15d-PGJ2 on inducible prostaglandin pathway in chondrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:114-26. [PMID: 25106704 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) on proinflammatory gene expression has been extensively documented and frequently ascribed to its ability to prevent NF-κB pathway activation. We and others have previously demonstrated that it was frequently independent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ activation. Here, we provide evidence that induction of intracellular heat shock protein (HSP)70 by oxidative stress is an additional regulatory loop supporting the anti-inflammatory effect of 15d-PGJ2 in chondrocytes. Using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, we showed that 15d-PGJ2 stimulated HSP70, but not HSP27 expression while increasing oxidative stress as measured by spectrofluorimetry and confocal spectral imaging. Using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant, we demonstrated further that oxidative stress was thoroughly responsible for the increased expression of HSP70. Finally, using an HSP70 antisense strategy, we showed that the inhibitory effect of 15d-PGJ2 on IL-1-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway, COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, and PGE2 synthesis was partly supported by HSP70. These data provide a new anti-inflammatory mechanism to support the PPARγ-independent effect of 15d-PGJ2 in chondrocyte and suggest a possible feedback regulatory loop between oxidative stress and inflammation via intracellular HSP70 up-regulation. This cross talk is consistent with 15d-PGJ2 as a putative negative regulator of the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bianchi
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - D Moulin
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - S Hupont
- Plateforme d׳Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire PTIBC-IBISA, FR3209 CNRS-INSERM-Université de Lorraine Bio-ingénierie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Thérapeutique (BMCT), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - M Koufany
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - P Netter
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, France
| | - P Reboul
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J-Y Jouzeau
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, France.
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Xing G, Ren M, Verma A. Divergent Temporal Expression of Hyaluronan Metabolizing Enzymes and Receptors with Craniotomy vs. Controlled-Cortical Impact Injury in Rat Brain: A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2014; 5:173. [PMID: 25309501 PMCID: PMC4161003 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers many secondary changes in tissue biology, which ultimately determine the extent of injury and clinical outcome. Hyaluronan [hyaluronic acid (HA)] is a protective cementing gel present in the intercellular spaces whose degradation has been reported as a causative factor in tissue damage. Yet little is known about the expression and activities of genes involved in HA catabolism after TBI. Young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three groups: naïve control, craniotomy, and controlled-cortical impact-induced TBI (CCI-TBI). Four animals per group were sacrificed at 4 h, 1, 3, and 7 days post-CCI. The mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthases (HAS1-3), hyaluronidases (enzymes for HA degradation, HYAL 1–4, and PH20), and CD44 and RHAMM (membrane receptors for HA signaling and removal) were determined using real-time PCR. Compared to the naïve controls, expression of HAS1 and HAS2 mRNA, but not HAS3 mRNA increased significantly following craniotomy alone and following CCI with differential kinetics. Expression of HAS2 mRNA increased significantly in the ipsilateral brain at 1 and 3 days post-CCI. HYAL1 mRNA expression also increased significantly in the craniotomy group and in the contralateral CCI at 1 and 3 days post-CCI. CD44 mRNA expression increased significantly in the ipsilateral CCI at 4 h, 1, 3, and 7 days post-CCI (up to 25-fold increase). These data suggest a dynamic regulation and role for HA metabolism in secondary responses to TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xing
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Ming Ren
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Ajay Verma
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
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GHK and DNA: resetting the human genome to health. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:151479. [PMID: 25302294 PMCID: PMC4180391 DOI: 10.1155/2014/151479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During human aging there is an increase in the activity of inflammatory, cancer promoting, and tissue destructive genes plus a decrease in the activity of regenerative and reparative genes. The human blood tripeptide GHK possesses many positive effects but declines with age. It improves wound healing and tissue regeneration (skin, hair follicles, stomach and intestinal linings, and boney tissue), increases collagen and glycosaminoglycans, stimulates synthesis of decorin, increases angiogenesis, and nerve outgrowth, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and increases cellular stemness and the secretion of trophic factors by mesenchymal stem cells. Recently, GHK has been found to reset genes of diseased cells from patients with cancer or COPD to a more healthy state. Cancer cells reset their programmed cell death system while COPD patients' cells shut down tissue destructive genes and stimulate repair and remodeling activities. In this paper, we discuss GHK's effect on genes that suppress fibrinogen synthesis, the insulin/insulin-like system, and cancer growth plus activation of genes that increase the ubiquitin-proteasome system, DNA repair, antioxidant systems, and healing by the TGF beta superfamily. A variety of methods and dosages to effectively use GHK to reset genes to a healthier state are also discussed.
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Matsushita T, Fukuda K, Yamamoto H, Yamazaki K, Tomiyama T, Oh M, Hamanishi C. Effect of ebselen, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, on chondrocyte metabolism. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-003-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tang JL, Chen WP, Xiong Y, Hu PF, Wu LD. withdrawn The anti-inflammatory effects of apocynin, inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, contrasting hyaluronic acid on articular cartilage during the development of osteoarthritis in a rabbit model. Biomed Pharmacother 2010:S0753-3322(10)00128-9. [PMID: 20863650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Li Tang
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, JieFang Road No. 88, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd P Stitik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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11
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Kalaci A, Yilmaz HR, Aslan B, Söğüt S, Yanat AN, Uz E. Effects of hyaluronan on nitric oxide levels and superoxide dismutase activities in synovial fluid in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2006; 26:1306-11. [PMID: 17180636 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-006-0504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of hyaluronan (HA) on nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities in synovial fluid (SF) in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). SF samples were aspirated from OA patients before the commencement of the treatment (n=23) and 6 weeks after they were treated with HA products. NO levels and SOD activities were compared between the pre- and post-treatment of OA patients and of the control group (n=10). SF NO levels were significantly higher in patients with OA before the commencement of the treatment compared with the post-treatment (p<0.001) and the control groups. The SF SOD activity of patients before the commencement of the treatment was lower than the values in the controls and post-treatment (p<0.001). There is no significant correlation between SF NO and SOD levels and the radiographic changes of the OA knee according to Kellgren-Lawrence grading (p>0.05). Also, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) pain scores and physical function scores were gradually improved. These findings made us think that SF NO was a potent mediator in cartilage damage in OA, whereas SOD was an antioxidant mediator in the same process. Exogenous HA injections might reduce the NO levels and increase SOD activities in synovial fluid. These effects also do not seem to be dependent on the radiographic grading of the OA knee. More comprehensive studies are needed to clarify a possible clinical significance of this topic, and we suggest that this is an important area for further research into new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydiner Kalaci
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, 31100, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
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Chen Q, Liu SQ, Du YM, Peng H, Sun LP. Carboxymethyl-chitosan protects rabbit chondrocytes from interleukin-1beta-induced apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 541:1-8. [PMID: 16740257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte apoptosis is important in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Chitosan is a non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible glycosaminoglycan. In this study, the effects of carboxymethyl-chitosan (CM-chitosan), a soluble derivative of chitosan, on chondrocyte apoptosis were investigated. Primary rabbit chondrocytes were cultured and induced to apoptosis by 10 ng/ml interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). After treatment with various concentrations of CM-chitosan (50, 100, 200 microg/ml), the apoptotic rate, mitochondrial function, nitric oxide production, and the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and reactive oxygen species in IL-1beta-induced chondrocytes were examined. The results showed that CM-chitosan could inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it could partly restore the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP, decrease nitric oxide production by down-regulation of iNOS mRNA expression, and scavenge reactive oxygen species in chondrocytes induced by IL-1beta. The results suggested that the inhibitory effects of CM-chitosan on IL-1beta-induced chondrocyte apoptosis were possibly due to the protection of mitochondrial function, the decline in the levels of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
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Monfort J, Benito P. El ácido hialurónico en el tratamiento de la artrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 2:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/s1699-258x(06)73018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Iacob S, Knudson CB. Hyaluronan fragments activate nitric oxide synthase and the production of nitric oxide by articular chondrocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 38:123-33. [PMID: 16181799 PMCID: PMC3139231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Revised: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocyte CD44 receptors anchor hyaluronan to the cell surface, enabling the assembly and retention of proteoglycan aggregates in the pericellular matrix. Hyaluronan-CD44 interactions also provide signaling important for maintaining cartilage homeostasis. Disruption of chondrocyte-hyaluronan contact alters CD44 occupancy, initiating alternative signaling cascades. Treatment with hyaluronan oligosaccharides is one approach to uncouple CD44 receptors from its native ligand, hyaluronan. In bovine articular chondrocytes, treatment with hyaluronan oligosaccharides or purified hyaluronan hexasaccharides induced the production of nitric oxide that mirrored nitric oxide production following interleukin-1 treatment. In contrast, 120 and 1,260 kDa hyaluronan did not induce production of nitric oxide. Human chondrocytes responded similarly to treatment with hyaluronan or hyaluronan oligosaccharides. Nitric oxide production from chondrocytes was mediated by activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, as confirmed by mRNA expression and inhibition of nitric oxide production by diphenyleneiodonium. Co-treatment of chondrocytes with hyaluronan oligosaccharides and interleukin-1 did not demonstrate additive effects. Blocking interleukin-1 receptors with an antagonist did not abolish the production of nitric oxide induced by treatment with hyaluronan oligosaccharides. Moreover, only COS-7 following transfection with a pCD44, not the CD44-null parental cells, responded to treatment with hyaluronan oligosaccharides by releasing nitric oxide. This study demonstrates a novel signaling potential by hyaluronan fragments, in lieu of endogenous hyaluronan-chondrocyte interactions, resulting in the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheryl B. Knudson
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 312 942 8249; fax: +1 312 942 3053., (C.B. Knudson)
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Yamazaki K, Fukuda K, Matsukawa M, Hara F, Matsushita T, Yamamoto N, Yoshida K, Munakata H, Hamanishi C. Cyclic tensile stretch loaded on bovine chondrocytes causes depolymerization of hyaluronan: involvement of reactive oxygen species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 48:3151-8. [PMID: 14613277 DOI: 10.1002/art.11305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in cartilage degradation. Decreased size of hyaluronan (HA), the major macromolecule in synovial fluid, to which it imparts viscosity, is reported in patients with arthritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the alteration in the molecular weight range of HA as a result of mechanical deformation loaded on the chondrocytes, as well as the involvement of ROS in this action. METHODS ROS were generated via the oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase. Cyclic tensile stretch was loaded using a vacuum-operated instrument. Levels of HA were measured using a sandwich enzyme-binding assay. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and ROS were measured using water-soluble tetrazolium and a chemiluminescent probe, respectively. RESULTS ROS depolymerized HA molecules. Cyclic tensile stretch depolymerized HA and induced ROS. SOD inhibited not only ROS induction but also HA depolymerization caused by the mechanical stress. CONCLUSION ROS play an important role in mechanical stress-induced HA depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamazaki
- Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Yamazaki K, Fukuda K, Matsukawa M, Hara F, Yoshida K, Akagi M, Munakata H, Hamanishi C. Reactive oxygen species depolymerize hyaluronan: involvement of the hydroxyl radical. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2003; 9:215-220. [PMID: 14567924 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4680(03)00024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in cartilage degradation. A decrease in the size of hyaluronan (HA), which is the major macromolecule in synovial fluid and is responsible for imparting viscosity to it, is reported in arthritis patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the ROS that depolymerize HA. The luminol derivative, L-012, was used to determine the generation of ROS. To generate hydroxyl radicals, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and ferrous ions (Fe(2+)) was added to HA. The antioxidants and the depolymerization of HA were studied in this system. The hydroxyl radical is one of the ROS, causing the depolymerization of HA, which reacts with L-01. These data suggest that hydroxyl radicals play an important role at the site of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamazaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, 589-8511, Osaka, Japan
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Moreland LW. Intra-articular hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) and hylans for the treatment of osteoarthritis: mechanisms of action. Arthritis Res Ther 2003; 5:54-67. [PMID: 12718745 PMCID: PMC165033 DOI: 10.1186/ar623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2002] [Revised: 11/07/2002] [Accepted: 12/12/2002] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the predominant mechanism of intra-articular hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) (HA) and hylans for the treatment of pain associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA) is unknown, in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies demonstrate various physiological effects of exogenous HA. HA can reduce nerve impulses and nerve sensitivity associated with the pain of OA. In experimental OA, this glycosaminoglycan has protective effects on cartilage, which may be mediated by its molecular and cellular effects observed in vitro. Exogenous HA enhances chondrocyte HA and proteoglycan synthesis, reduces the production and activity of proinflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases, and alters the behavior of immune cells. Many of the physiological effects of exogenous HA may be a function of its molecular weight. Several physiological effects probably contribute to the mechanisms by which HA and hylans exert their clinical effects in knee OA.
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Kuroki K, Cook JL, Kreeger JM. Mechanisms of action and potential uses of hyaluronan in dogs with osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002; 221:944-50. [PMID: 12369696 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Kuroki
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
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