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Grande de França NA, Rolland Y, Guyonnet S, de Souto Barreto P. The role of dietary strategies in the modulation of hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101908. [PMID: 36905962 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The hallmarks of aging constitute an interconnected network of basic mechanisms that modulate aging and can be modulated by lifestyle factors, including dietary strategies. This narrative review aimed to summarize the evidence on promoting dietary restriction or adherence to specific dietary patterns on hallmarks of aging. Studies with preclinical models or humans were considered. Dietary restriction (DR), usually operationalized as a reduction in caloric intake, is the main strategy applied to study the axis diet-hallmarks of aging. DR has been shown to modulate mainly genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, deregulating nutrient sensing, cellular senescence, and altered intercellular communication. Much less evidence exists on the role of dietary patterns, with most of the studies evaluating the Mediterranean Diet and other similar plant-based diets, and the ketogenic diet. Potential benefits are described in genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered intercellular communication. Given the predominant place of food in human life, it is imperative to determine the impact of nutritional strategies on the modulation of lifespan and healthspan, considering applicability, long-term adherence, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Grande de França
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Moody L, Xu GB, Chen H, Pan YX. Epigenetic Regulation of Metabolism and Inflammation by Calorie Restriction. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:520-536. [PMID: 30915465 PMCID: PMC6520046 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition is known to affect different cellular processes such as stem cell function, cell senescence, inflammation, and metabolism. Despite the differences in the implementation of CR, the reduction of calories produces a widespread beneficial effect in noncommunicable chronic diseases, which can be explained by improvements in immuno-metabolic adaptation. Cellular adaptation that occurs in response to dietary patterns can be explained by alterations in epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA. In this review, we define these modifications and systematically summarize the current evidence related to CR and the epigenome. We then explain the significance of genome-wide epigenetic modifications in the context of disease development. Although substantial evidence exists for the widespread effect of CR on longevity, there is no consensus regarding the epigenetic regulations of the underlying cellular mechanisms that lead to improved health. We provide compelling evidence that CR produces long-lasting epigenetic effects that mediate expression of genes related to immuno-metabolic processes. Epigenetic reprogramming of the underlying chronic low-grade inflammation by CR can lead to immuno-metabolic adaptations that enhance quality of life, extend lifespan, and delay chronic disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guanying Bianca Xu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,Address correspondence to Y-XP (e-mail: )
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Afolabi PR, Scorletti E, Smith DE, Almehmadi AA, Calder PC, Byrne CD. The characterisation of hepatic mitochondrial function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using the 13C-ketoisocaproate breath test. J Breath Res 2018; 12:046002. [PMID: 29943733 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aacf12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic mitochondrial function (HMF) assessed by the 13C-ketoisocaproate breath test (13C-KICA BT) has been previously shown to be significantly associated with the severity of biopsy proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is uncertain whether any perturbation in HMF relates specifically to severity of liver disease or factors associated with metabolic syndrome within (NAFLD). Our aim was to investigate whether there was any change in HMF assessed by 13C-KICA BT in patients with NAFLD compared to control subjects, and to assess the factors that are independently associated with HMF. METHODS 77 patients with NAFLD and 11 healthy control subjects were studied. HMF was assessed using 13C-KICA BT and expressed as cumulative % 13C-dose recovered on breath over 1 h (cPDR over 1 h). Liver fat and fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography. Multivariable linear regression modelling was undertaken to test the independence of associations with HMF. RESULTS HMF (cPDR over 1 h) was lower in NAFLD compared to controls [13.4% (4.8) v. 21.0% (6.3); p < 0.0001)]. In NAFLD, HMF was lower in patients with diabetes versus no diabetes [12.7% (3.4) v. 14.3% (6.1); p = 0.003)]. Regression modelling showed age (β = -0.08; p = 0.01), waist circumference (β = -0.08; p = 0.01), hip circumference (β = -0.04; p = 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (β = -0.05; p = 0.01) and diabetes status (β = -1.81; p = 0.01) were independently associated with HMF (R2 = 41.5%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with NAFLD (compared to healthy subjects), there was a reduction in HMF assessed by the 13C-KICA BT. Furthermore, in patients with NAFLD, HMF is independent and inversely associated with age, waist and hip circumference, AST and diabetes status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Afolabi
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom. Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Effects of dietary supplementation with epigallocatechin-3-gallate on weight loss, energy homeostasis, cardiometabolic risk factors and liver function in obese women: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:1263-71. [PMID: 24299662 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on changes in body composition, energy and substrate metabolism, cardiometabolic risk factors and liver function enzymes after an energy-restricted diet intervention in obese women. In the present randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, eighty-three obese (30 kg/m² > BMI < 40 kg/m²) pre-menopausal women consumed 300 mg/d of EGCG or placebo (lactose). We measured body weight and adiposity (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), energy expenditure and fat oxidation rates (indirect calorimetry), blood lipid levels (TAG, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol), insulin resistance, C-reactive protein and liver function markers (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, urea, bilirubin and 2-keto[1-¹³C]isocaproate oxidation) before and after the intervention in the EGCG and control groups. We did not find any significant difference in the changes in body weight (-0.3 kg, 95% CI -5.0, 4.3), fat mass (-0.7 kg, 95% CI -3.5, 2.1), energy (0.3 kJ/kg per d, 95% CI -3.1, 2.7) and fat (-0.1 g/min, 95% CI -0.03, 0.01) metabolism, homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance (0.2, 95% CI -0.2, 0.7), total cholesterol (-0.21 mmol/l, 95% CI -0.55, 0.13), LDL-cholesterol (-0.15 mmol/l, 95% CI -0.50, 0.20), TAG (-0.4 mmol/l, 95% CI -0.56, 0.29) and liver function markers between the EGCG and control groups. In conclusion, the present results suggest that dietary supplementation with 300 mg/d of EGCG for 12 weeks did not enhance energy-restricted diet-induced adiposity reductions, and did not improve weight-loss-induced changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in obese Caucasian women. The intake of 300 mg/d of EGCG for 12 weeks did not cause any adverse effect on liver function biomarkers.
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Dänicke S, Diers S. Effects of ergot alkaloids in feed on performance and liver function of piglets as evaluated by the13C-methacetin breath test. Arch Anim Nutr 2013; 67:15-36. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2012.736279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Grattagliano I, de Bari O, Bernardo TC, Oliveira PJ, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Role of mitochondria in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease--from origin to propagation. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:610-8. [PMID: 22484459 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondria play a major role in cell energy-generating processes and integrate several signalling pathways to control cellular life and death. DESIGN AND METHODS Several liver diseases are characterized by mitochondrial alterations which are directly or indirectly dependent on the activation of intracellular stress cascades or receptor-mediated pathways. This article examines the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in critical initiating or propagating events in fatty liver infiltration and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Genetic variants and the role of drug-induced toxicity have been considered. RESULTS Key alterations of mitochondrial physiology associated with hepatocyte fatty changes are described. The value of novel non-invasive diagnostic methods to detect mitochondrial metabolic alterations is also discussed. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial metabolic remodeling is a predominant factor in the appearance and perpetuation of hepatocyte fat accumulation. Non-invasive techniques to identify mitochondrial dysfunction and proper mitochondria protection are two necessary clinical steps for an efficient management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Grattagliano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Clinica Medica A. Murri, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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Ruiz JR, Lasa A, Simon E, Larrarte E, Labayen I. Lower plasma NAMPT/visfatin levels are associated with impaired hepatic mitochondrial function in non-diabetic obese women: a potential link between obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:e1-e2. [PMID: 22227071 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Grattagliano I, Lauterburg BH, Palasciano G, Portincasa P. 13C-breath tests for clinical investigation of liver mitochondrial function. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:843-50. [PMID: 20597965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play a major role in cell energetic metabolism; therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction inevitably participates in or even determines the onset and progression of chronic liver diseases. The assessment of mitochondrial function in vivo, by providing more insight into the pathogenesis of liver diseases, would be a helpful tool to study specific hepatic functions and to develop rational diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. DESIGN This review focuses on the utility of breath tests to assess mitochondrial function in humans and experimental animals. RESULTS The introduction in the clinical setting of specific breath tests may allow elegantly and noninvasively overcoming the difficulties caused by previous complex techniques and might provide clinically relevant information, i.e the effects of drugs on mitochondria. Substrates meeting this requirement are alpha-keto-isocaproic acid and methionine that are both decarboxylated by mitochondria. Long-and medium-chain fatty acids that are metabolized through the Krebs cycle, and benzoic acid which undergoes glycine conjugation, may also reflect the function of mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Breath tests to assess in vivo mitochondrial function in humans represent a potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Grattagliano
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Abstract
AIM Although obesity and weight gain generally are anticipated to be caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, the significance of thyroid hormones (TH) remains unclear. Examination of mitochondrial function may reflect intracellular thyroid hormone effect and elucidate whether a lower metabolic rate is present. METHODS In a group of 34 obese adolescents (age <16 years and body mass index above the age-related 95th percentile), and an age- and gender-matched group of 32 lean adolescent, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and basal oxygen consumption were measured and mitochondrial function in peripheral blood monocytes was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Significant increase in TSH (3.06 +/- 1.56 mU/L vs. 2.33 +/- 0.91 mU/L, p < 0.05) and a decrease in VO2 (129 +/- 16 mL O2/m(2)*min vs. 146 +/- 15 mL O2/m(2)*min, p < 0.05) were observed in obese adolescents compared with lean adolescents. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a lower mitochondrial mass (6385 +/- 1962 a.u. vs. 7608 +/- 2328 a.u., p < 0.05) and mitochondrial membrane potential (11426 +/- 3861 a.u. vs. 14017 +/- 5536 a.u., p < 0.05) in obese adolescents compared with lean adolescents. These results are even more pronounced in adolescents with obese mothers. CONCLUSION In obese adolescents, the increased TSH and lowered VO2 propose a lowered basal metabolic rate and the impaired mitochondrial function suggests a decreased thyroid hormone stimulation of mitochondrial energy production. The maternal in-heritage is suggestive of a basal metabolic defect or mitochondrial resistance for TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wilms
- The Mitochondrial Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark.
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Abete I, Parra D, De Morentin BM, Alfredo Martinez J. Effects of two energy-restricted diets differing in the carbohydrate/protein ratio on weight loss and oxidative changes of obese men. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 3:1-13. [PMID: 18654910 DOI: 10.1080/09637480802232625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets are a current challenge in the nutritional treatment of obesity. OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet with a traditional hypocaloric diet on weight loss and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Nineteen obese men (age 36+/-6 years; body mass index 34+/-2 kg/m2) were randomized to follow one of the two diets-control diet (15% protein; 30% lipids; 55% carbohydrates) or high-protein diet (30% protein; 30% lipids; 40% carbohydrates)-over an 8-week period. Anthropometry, biochemical variables, resting energy expenditure and mitochondrial oxidation were measured at the start and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS The high-protein diet produced a greater weight loss (-8.3+/-1.2% versus -5.5+/-2.5%, P = 0.012) than the control diet. Interestingly, an activation in the mitochondrial oxidation was found in the high-protein-fed group. This stimulation was positively correlated with the final resting energy expenditure and negatively associated with the final fat mass content. CONCLUSION Low-carbohydrate high-protein diets could involve specific changes in mitochondrial oxidation that could be related to a higher weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Abete
- Department of Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Abete I, Parra D, Martinez JA. Legume-, Fish-, or High-Protein-Based Hypocaloric Diets: Effects on Weight Loss and Mitochondrial Oxidation in Obese Men. J Med Food 2009; 12:100-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Parra
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Abete I, Parra D, Martinez JA. Energy-restricted diets based on a distinct food selection affecting the glycemic index induce different weight loss and oxidative response. Clin Nutr 2008; 27:545-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Portincasa P, Grattagliano I, Lauterburg BH, Palmieri VO, Palasciano G, Stellaard F. Liver breath tests non-invasively predict higher stages of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007; 111:135-43. [PMID: 16603025 DOI: 10.1042/cs20050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Effectively assessing subtle hepatic metabolic functions by novel non-invasive tests might be of clinical utility in scoring NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and in identifying altered metabolic pathways. The present study was conducted on 39 (20 lean and 19 obese) hypertransaminasemic patients with histologically proven NAFLD {ranging from simple steatosis to severe steatohepatitis [NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis)] and fibrosis} and 28 (20 lean and eight overweight) healthy controls, who underwent stable isotope breath testing ([(13)C]methacetin and [(13)C]ketoisocaproate) for microsomal and mitochondrial liver function in relation to histology, serum hyaluronate, as a marker of liver fibrosis, and body size. Compared with healthy subjects and patients with simple steatosis, NASH patients had enhanced methacetin demethylation (P=0.001), but decreased (P=0.001) and delayed (P=0.006) ketoisocaproate decarboxylation, which was inversely related (P=0.001) to the degree of histological fibrosis (r=-0.701), serum hyaluronate (r=-0.644) and body size (r=-0.485). Ketoisocaproate decarboxylation was impaired further in obese patients with NASH, but not in patients with simple steatosis and in overweight controls. NASH and insulin resistance were independently associated with an abnormal ketoisocaproate breath test (P=0.001). The cut-off value of 9.6% cumulative expired (13)CO(2) for ketoisocaproate at 60 min was associated with the highest prediction (positive predictive value, 0.90; negative predictive value, 0.73) for NASH, yielding an overall sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 94%. In conclusion, both microsomal and mitochondrial functions are disturbed in NASH. Therefore stable isotope breath tests may usefully contribute to a better and non-invasive characterization of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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Parra MD, Martínez de Morentin BE, Martínez JA. Postprandial insulin response and mitochondrial oxidation in obese men nutritionally treated to lose weight. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 59:334-40. [PMID: 15523485 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance have been associated to an oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relation between carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial oxidation, as affected by the weight status and the weight loss induced by a calorie-restricted diet. Lean control men (BMI<25 kg/m2, n = 6) and obese men (BMI>30 kg/m2, n = 14), who were characterized as insulin resistant (n = 6) or insulin sensitive (n = 8) based on HOMA index values, participated in the trial. Plasma insulin levels and mitochondrial oxidation estimated by the 2-keto(1-13C)isocaproate breath test, were measured after ingestion of a test meal during 3 h. Obese subjects repeated the breath test protocol after a 10-week caloric restriction diet to lose weight. Postprandial insulin secretion tended to be marginally higher (P = 0.059) in both obese groups than in controls, while the rate of postprandial mitochondrial oxidation was markedly decreased (P = 0.019) in the obese subjects as compared with lean individuals. The nutritionally induced weight loss produced a rise in the postprandial oxidative process in volunteers initially considered as insulin resistant (P = 0.036), while no statistical differences in the insulin-sensitive obese (P = 0.241) were found. Interestingly, the percentage of oxidized tracer was inversely related to postprandial insulin secretion (r = -0.56; P = 0.001). In conclusion, these results support the hypothetized relation between carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial oxidation at a postprandial state in obese subjects, raising interest about mitochondria stimulation as a target in the therapy of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Parra
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Parra D, González A, García-Villarreal L, Martínez JA. Methodological characterization of the 2-keto [1-13C]isocaproate breath test to measure in vivo human mitochondrial function: application in alcoholic liver disease assessment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003; 27:1293-8. [PMID: 12966324 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000081623.25175.7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2-keto[1-13C]isocaproate oxidation measurement has been shown as a helpful tool in the in vivo assessment of liver mitochondrial function. METHODS The aim of this work was to study the variability of the 2-keto[1-13C]isocaproate breath test in 24 healthy controls (8 men and 16 women) and to evaluate its clinical usefulness in 20 patients (14 men and 6 women) with liver disease (7 men with history of alcoholism). Breath test was performed by measuring 13CO2 enrichment in breath before and after the oral administration of the tracer and by using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RESULTS The intrasubject and intersubject variability of the percentage of tracer oxidized were 8 and 14%, respectively. The 2-keto[1-13C]isocaproate oxidation in women was faster (p = 0.004) and tended to be higher (p = 0.050) than in men. The percentage of oxidized tracer was lower in those patients with alcoholic liver disease than in healthy volunteers (p = 0.001) and in nonalcoholic patients (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The percentage of tracer oxidized appears as a convenient parameter to detect impairment in liver mitochondrial oxidation related to alcoholism by the 2-keto[1-13C]isocaproate breath test, establishing different cutoff values depending on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Parra
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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