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McCormick A, Kristianto J, Wang X, McIntosh J, Cruz M, Hibbard JU, Blank RD. Placental endothelin-converting enzyme-1 is decreased in preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 20:108-110. [PMID: 32278308 PMCID: PMC7532811 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-converting enzyme-1(ECE-1) is a key regulatory enzyme in the processing of endothelin-1 (ET-1). We quantified and localized ECE-1 in normal and preeclamptic placentas. Normal (n=6) and preeclamptic (n=6) placentas were serially sectioned for immunofluorescence (IF). Cell type specific markers identified endothelial, trophoblast, macrophage, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cells. Quantitative analyses were performed by western blot and ELISA. IF identified ECE-1 expression within the stroma and villous space. Cellular localization of ECE-1 was limited to endothelial membranes. There was significantly less ECE-1 in preeclamptic placentas, suggesting ECE-1 is important for proper regulation of ET-1 within the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna McCormick
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Dept. Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9200 West Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - Jasmin Kristianto
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Dept. Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9200 West Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Dept. Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9200 West Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Jennifer McIntosh
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Dept. Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9200 West Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Meredith Cruz
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Dept. Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9200 West Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Judith U Hibbard
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Dept. Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9200 West Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Robert D Blank
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Dept. Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9200 West Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Gram A, Boos A, Kowalewski MP. Cellular localization, expression and functional implications of the utero-placental endothelin system during maintenance and termination of canine gestation. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:235-245. [PMID: 28216513 PMCID: PMC5481626 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Utero-placental (Ut-Pl) angiogenesis and blood flow are fundamental for successful outcome of pregnancy. They are controlled by numerous vasodilator and vasoconstrictor systems such as endothelins (EDNs) and the renin angiotensin system. Dogs possess an invasive type of placentation, classified as endotheliochorial. Despite increasing knowledge regarding canine Ut-Pl function, little information exists on uterine and placental vascular activity during initiation, maintenance and termination of pregnancy in this species. The current study investigated expression of EDNs and their receptors (EDNRA and EDNRB) in the pre-implantation uterus and Ut-Pl compartments during gestation and at normal parturition, as well as in mid-pregnant dogs treated with the antigestagen aglepristone. The Ut-Pl mRNA expression of EDN1 and EDNRA was constant until mid-gestation and increased significantly during prepartum luteolysis. In contrast, EDN2 was highest pre-implantation and decreased following placentation, remaining low thereafter. Expression of the EDN-activating enzyme ECE1 and mRNA of EDNRB increased towards mid-gestation and was further elevated at prepartum luteolysis. Antigestagen treatment resulted in increased levels of EDN1 and EDNRA. At the cellular level, the uterine expression of EDN1, ECE1 and EDNRB was found predominantly in the endometrial surface and glandular epithelial cells; uterine signals for EDNRA were weak. In Ut-Pl all targets were mainly localized in the placenta fetalis, with syncytiotrophoblast staining stronger for ECE1 and EDNRB. In contrast, EDNRA stained strongly at the base of the placental labyrinth. Expression and localization of EDNs (EDN1, -2), EDN receptors and ECE1 in the placenta fetalis suggests their involvement in the trophoblast invasion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Gram
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Vyas V, Ashby CR, Olgun NS, Sundaram S, Salami O, Munnangi S, Pekson R, Mahajan P, Reznik SE. Inhibition of sphingosine kinase prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth and suppresses proinflammatory responses in a murine model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:862-9. [PMID: 25579843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Premature delivery occurs in 12% of all births, and accounts for nearly half of long-term neurological morbidity, and 60% to 80% of perinatal mortality. Despite advances in obstetrics and neonatology, the rate of premature delivery has increased approximately 12% since 1990. The single most common cause of spontaneous preterm birth is infection. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated the role of endothelin-1 as both a constrictor of uterine myometrial smooth muscle and a proinflammatory mediator. Endothelin-1 activates the phospholipase C pathway, leading to activation of protein kinase C and, in turn, sphingosine kinase (SphK). The inhibition of SphK has been recently shown to control the proinflammatory response associated with sepsis. We show herein, for the first time, that SphK inhibition prevents inflammation-associated preterm birth in a murine model. Rescue of pups from premature abortion with an SphK inhibitor occurs by suppression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, Il-1β, and Il-6 and attenuation of polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells into the placental labyrinth. Moreover, we postulate that inhibition of SphK leads to suppression of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression, indicating the presence of an endothelin-converting enzyme 1/endothelin 1-SphK positive feedback loop. This work introduces a novel approach for the control of infection-triggered preterm labor, a condition for which there is no effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York
| | - Nicole S Olgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York; Division of Neonatology, Winthrop University Hospital, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Mineola, New York
| | - Sruthi Sundaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York
| | - Oluwabukola Salami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York
| | - Swapna Munnangi
- Emergency Department, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York
| | - Ryan Pekson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York
| | - Prathamesh Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York
| | - Sandra E Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York; Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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Paradis A, Zhang L. Role of endothelin in uteroplacental circulation and fetal vascular function. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2014; 11:594-605. [PMID: 24063378 DOI: 10.2174/1570161111311050004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endothelins are 21-amino acid peptides involved in vascular homeostasis. Three types of peptide have been identified, with endothelin-1 (ET-1) being the most potent vasoconstrictor currently known. Two endothelin receptor subtypes are found in various tissues, including the brain, heart, blood vessel, lung, and placenta. The ETA-receptor is associated with vasoconstriction in vascular smooth muscle. Conversely, the ETB-receptor can elicit a vasoconstrictor effect in vascular smooth muscle and a vasodilator effect via its action in endothelial cells. Both receptors play a key role in maintaining circulatory homeostasis and vascular function. Changes in ET-1 expression are found in various disease states, and overexpression of ET-1 is observed in hypertension and preeclampsia in pregnancy. Placental localization of ET-1 implies a key role in regulating the uteroplacental circulation. Additionally, ET-1 is important in the fetal circulation and is involved in the pulmonary circulation and closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth, as well as fetal growth constriction in utero. ET receptor antagonists and nitric oxide donors may provide therapeutic potential in treating conditions associated with overexpression of ET and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paradis
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Hayashi KG, Hosoe M, Takahashi T. Placental expression and localization of endothelin-1 system and nitric oxide synthases during bovine pregnancy. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 134:150-7. [PMID: 22921266 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate mRNA expression of the endothelin-1 (EDN1) system (preproEDN1; precursor, ECE-1; converting enzyme, EDNRA and EDNRB; receptor subtypes A and B) and endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) in the bovine utero-placental unit during pregnancy. We also investigated the cellular localization of mRNA and protein of components of the EDN1 system in the placentome. The bovine utero-placental unit on Day 60, 100, 150, 200 and 250 of gestation was separated into carunclar areas (CAR), intercaruncular areas (ICAR), cotyledonary villi (COT) and intercotyledonary areas (ICOT). PreproEDN1, ECE1, EDNRA, EDNRB, eNOS and iNOS mRNA expression was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed using placentomes on Day 94 or Day 250 of gestation. PreproEDN1 and ECE1 mRNA expression was higher on Day 100 than on other gestation days. The mRNA expression for EDNRA in COT and ICOT and eNOS in COT, CAR and ICAR were higher on Day 150 than on other gestation days. EDNRB mRNA expression increased from Day 60 to Day 150 then decreased. iNOS mRNA expression in COT and CAR was higher on Day 250 than on other gestation days. PreproEDN1, ECE1 and EDNRA mRNA was localized in the caruncular epithelial cells (CEs) and the COT. EDNRB mRNA was found in the CEs and the trophoblast binucleate giant cells (BNCs). PreproEDN1, EDNRA and EDNRB proteins were detected in COT and CEs, whereas ECE-1 was found in the BNCs. Our results demonstrate that differential cell-specific and spatiotemporal expression of the EDN1 system and NOS in the bovine utero-placental unit may be associated with regulation of vascular and cellular functions during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Go Hayashi
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
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Olgun NS, Patel HJ, Stephani R, Lengyel I, Reznik SE. Blockade of endothelin-1 with a novel series of 1,3,6-trisubstituted-2-carboxy-quinol-4-ones controls infection-associated preterm birth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:1929-35. [PMID: 20802183 PMCID: PMC2947287 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) currently accounts for 13% of all births in the United States, with the leading cause of PTB being maternal infection. Endothelin-1, an extremely potent vasoconstrictor capable of increasing myometrial smooth muscle tone, has been shown to be up-regulated in the setting of infection in pregnancy, ultimately leading to PTB. In previous work, we have shown that infection-associated PTB is controlled in our murine model by using phospharamidon, an endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor; knocking down endothelin-converting enzyme-1 mRNA; or blocking the binding of endothelin-1 to the endothelin-A (ET(A)) receptor with either BQ-123 or with HJP-272, the 6-OH compound of our series of novel synthetic (ET(A)) receptor antagonists. In the current study, we show that HJP-272, a highly selective ET(A) receptor antagonist with an IC(50) of 70.1 nmol/L, binds in a noncompetitive manner to the ET(A) receptor. Additionally, we introduce n-propyl (HJP-286) and n-butyl (HJP-278) analogs of HJP-272. We find that the LD(50) of HJP-272, the analog in the series most effective in controlling preterm birth, is more than 20-fold higher than its therapeutic dose. Acute exposure to high doses of these compounds produces no histological changes in any organ, while chronic exposure produces only a rare hepatotoxic effect. These findings may be of clinical significance, as there is currently no FDA-approved therapy for women presenting with threatened preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sandra E. Reznik
- College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York
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The matrix metalloproteases and endothelin-1 in infection-associated preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol Int 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20706662 PMCID: PMC2913859 DOI: 10.1155/2010/657039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is clinically defined as any delivery which occurs before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation, and is currently the most important problem in obstetrics. In the United States, PTB accounts for 12-13% of all live births, and, with the exception of fetuses suffering from anomalies, is the primary cause of perinatal mortality. While the risk factors for PTB are numerous, the single most common cause is intrauterine infection. As there is currently no FDA-approved therapy for infection-associated PTB, understanding the pathogenesis of preterm labor (PTL) and delivery should be given high priority. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes that have been implicated in normal parturition as well as infection-triggered rupture of membranes and preterm birth. Several lines of evidence also suggest a role for endothelin-1 (ET-1) in infection-associated preterm delivery. This paper focuses on the evidence that the MMPs and ET-1 act in the same molecular pathway in preterm birth.
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Vu TD, Yun Feng, Placido J, Reznik SE. Placental matrix metalloproteinase--1 expression is increased in labor. Reprod Sci 2008; 15:420-4. [PMID: 18497349 DOI: 10.1177/1933719108314625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are now known to process a broad spectrum of cell surface molecules and to function in several important biological processes. Testing for differences in gene expression in human placental chorionic villi in the absence or presence of labor, using cDNA microarray analysis, revealed that labor was associated with increased expression of MMP-1 gene expression in 5 placentas collected after term normal spontaneous deliveries compared with 5 placentas collected after term nonlaboring cesarean deliveries. Fibronectin 1 and collagen XVII, 2 other proteins involved in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix, were also found to be upregulated in labor. MMP-1 was further tested in individual samples and found to be consistently overexpressed in labor. While previous microarray analyses have focused on either uterine tissue or the fetal membranes, the data presented here indicate for the first time that placental chorionic villus genes are likely to affect the initiation of parturition through altered processing of cell surface molecules by MMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Danae Vu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Koscica KL, Sylvestre G, Reznik SE. The effect of phosphoramidon on inflammation-mediated preterm delivery in a mouse model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:528-31. [PMID: 14981401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several metallopeptidases have been implicated in both term and preterm parturition. We hypothesize that endotoxin-induced preterm delivery can be prevented by the administration of a metallopeptidase inhibitor. STUDY DESIGN We used an animal model of endotoxin-induced preterm delivery in timed pregnancy C57Bl/6 mice. Test animals received lipopolysaccharide followed by phosphoramidon, either every 1.5 or every 3 hours. Control mice received lipopolysaccharide followed by buffer injections at the same intervals. The primary outcome was a preterm delivery rate. RESULTS The rate of preterm delivery for the control animals was 88.0% compared with the treatment groups of 45.5% for the mice that received phosphoramidon every 3 hours and 30.8% for the group that received it every 1.5 hours (P<.01). CONCLUSION The administration of a metallopeptidase inhibitor resulted in a decreased rate of preterm delivery in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Koscica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Enders AC, Blankenship TN, Fazleabas AT, Jones CJ. Structure of anchoring villi and the trophoblastic shell in the human, baboon and macaque placenta. Placenta 2001; 22:284-303. [PMID: 11286564 DOI: 10.1053/plac.2001.0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Anchoring villi of first trimester placentae of the macaque, baboon and human were examined by light and electron microscopy. The anchoring villi of the baboon and macaque are similar in having more elongated cell columns than those of the human and in having more extracellular matrix between cytotrophoblast cells. These species also have a thicker and more uniform trophoblastic shell. The generative region of cytotrophoblast cells adjacent to the villous mesenchyme is similar in all three species, with the aspect of the core abutting this area being lined by a thickened basal lamina. Similarly, migratory cytotrophoblast cells form extracellular matrix in all three species, but matrix-rich regions of the anchoring villi and shell are more extensive in the non-human primates. The extracellular matrix and especially the material resembling fibrillin may serve to strengthen the villi, particularly the elongated villi of the non-human primate, and also may prevent maternal cells migrating into the trophoblastic shell. The baboon and macaque cytotrophoblast cells that form this matrix tend to be linked by gap and desmosomal junctions and are in contiguous arrays, whereas those in the human that are blocked from reaching normal decidua form abundant extracellular matrix but have no gap junctions. Whether the lack of extensive invasion of the endometrium by baboon and macaque cytotrophoblast cells is related to the increased amount of extracellular matrix, their greater distance from the mesenchymal core, or their intercellular linkages is not known. The investigation of isolated villi from the macaque or baboon, as has been extensively carried out in the human, might help to determine whether the cytotrophoblast cells are intrinsically different or are responding to different environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Enders
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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