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Antimicrobial agents in laying hens. ZBORNIK MATICE SRPSKE ZA PRIRODNE NAUKE 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/zmspn2242061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Union permitted 6 antimicrobial agents that can be used in
laying hens. These are colistin, tyrosine, neomycin, oxytetracycline,
chlortetracycline, and erythromycin. Antimicrobial drugs are used today
primarily for the prevention and treatment of diseases in poultry and often
(not in the EU) to stimulate growth. Because these drugs are often used
irrationally, there are good chances that their residues will be found not
only in poultry meat but also in the eggs within a certain period after the
termination of treatment. In addition to the administration of authorised
VMPs, the residues in eggs can be the result of erroneously applied
medicated food, the contamination of the food with some antimicrobial drug
in the mixing unit, as well as ?extra-label? use of drugs in poultry. The
antimicrobial agents are distributed in the body and deposited in the eggs,
mainly in the yolk where they persist longer than in the albumen. Drugs that
are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (aminoglycosides,
aminocyclitols, polymyxins) cannot be detected in the eggs, while the
residues of some antimicrobial drugs can be detected for up to two months
(chloramphenicol) after the last treatment. The rational use of drugs in
veterinary medicine has manifold significance. When using drugs only when
they are really necessary (indicated), in the right dose and route of
administration, the potential damage can be reduced and efficiency
increased, while the risk of microorganism resistance development would be
significantly decreased. All of this becomes more important when these drugs
are used in food animals.
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Hu T, Dai Q, Chen H, Zhang Z, Dai Q, Gu X, Yang X, Yang Z, Zhu L. Geographic pattern of antibiotic resistance genes in the metagenomes of the giant panda. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:186-197. [PMID: 32812361 PMCID: PMC7888472 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a serious public health problem worldwide. The gut microbiome of animals is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the correlation between the gut microbiome of wild animals and ARGs remains controversial. Here, based on the metagenomes of giant pandas (including three wild populations from the Qinling, Qionglai and Xiaoxiangling Mountains, and two major captive populations from Yaan and Chengdu), we investigated the potential correlation between the constitution of the gut microbiome and the composition of ARGs across the different geographic locations and living environments. We found that the types of ARGs were correlated with gut microbiome composition. The NMDS cluster analysis using Jaccard distance of the ARGs composition of the gut microbiome of wild giant pandas displayed a difference based on geographic location. Captivity also had an effect on the differences in ARGs composition. Furthermore, we found that the Qinling population exhibited profound dissimilarities of both gut microbiome composition and ARGs (the highest proportion of Clostridium and vancomycin resistance genes) when compared to the other wild and captive populations studies, which was supported by previous giant panda whole-genome sequencing analysis. In this study, we provide an example of a potential consensus pattern regarding host population genetics, symbiotic gut microbiome and ARGs. We revealed that habitat isolation impacts the ARG structure in the gut microbiome of mammals. Therefore, the difference in ARG composition between giant panda populations will provide some basic information for their conservation and management, especially for captive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210046China
| | - Qinlong Dai
- Sichan Liziping National Nature ReserveShimianChina
- Shimian Research Center of Giant Panda Small Population Conservation and RejuvenationShimianChina
| | - Hua Chen
- Mingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd.HangzhouChina
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210046China
| | - Qiang Dai
- Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Sichuan Station of Wildlife Survey and ManagementChengdu610082China
| | - Xuyu Yang
- Sichuan Station of Wildlife Survey and ManagementChengdu610082China
| | - Zhisong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchong637002China
| | - Lifeng Zhu
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210046China
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3
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Şahiner HS, Kum C. Effects of rifampicin on plasma pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in goats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:374-380. [PMID: 33155304 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of co-administration of tulathromycin with rifampicin. Healthy male goats were allocated to three groups (n = 8) as Group A (single dose 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin s.c.), B (10 mg kg-1 day-1 rifampicin p.o. daily for 7 days and single dose 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin s.c. on 8th day), and C (10 mg kg-1 day-1 rifampicin p.o. daily for 21 days and single dose 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin s.c. on 8th day). Blood samples were collected from jugular veins. Plasma samples were analyzed for tulathromycin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Peak plasma concentration (Cmax ) values of tulathromycin were 1,390 ± 173, 958 ± 106, and 807 ± 116 ng/ml in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Cmax value of group A was greater than other groups (p < .05). Mean residence time based on time zero to last sample time (MRTlast ) values were 52 ± 1, 56 ± 4 and 66 ± 4 hr in A, B, and C groups, respectively whereas mean residence time based on time zero extrapolated to infinity (MRTINF_obs ) values were 69 ± 4, 85 ± 5, and 86 ± 4 hr, respectively. MRTlast and MRTINF_obs values were greater in B and C groups than group A (p < .05). These findings suggest that rifampicin administration may change several pharmacokinetic parameters of tulathromycin in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Sultan Şahiner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Cavit Kum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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4
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Kos Durjava M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Bories G, Brantom P, Gropp J, Finizio A, Focks A, Teodorovic I, Glandorf B, Herman L, Prieto Maradona M, Holczknecht O, Tárres‐Call J, Vettori MV, Kouba M. Safety and efficacy of Elancoban ® G200 (monensin sodium) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying and turkeys. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05891. [PMID: 32626196 PMCID: PMC7008793 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The feed additive Elancoban® G200, containing the active substance monensin sodium, an ionophore anticoccidial, is intended to control coccidiosis in chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying and turkeys. The FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the safety of the additive for the target species, consumer, user and environment with regard to the safety of the production strain. The following conclusions apply to monensin sodium included in the additive. Based on the available data set, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the safety of Elancoban® G200 for chickens for fattening. Monensin sodium is safe for turkeys for fattening with a margin of safety of 1.5. Monensin sodium is not genotoxic and not carcinogenic. The pharmacological no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 0.345 mg monensin sodium/kg body weight (bw) per day was identified in dog. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) derived from this NOAEL is 0.003 mg monensin sodium/kg bw applying an uncertainty factor of 100. Elancoban® G200 is safe for the consumer. The existing maximum residue limits (MRLs) ensure consumer safety, provided that the withdrawal period of 1 day is respected. Elancoban® G200 is very irritant for the eye, but it is not a skin irritant. Elancoban® G200 should be regarded as a potential skin and respiratory sensitiser. Inhalation exposure is considered a risk to persons handling the additive. Elancoban® G200 does not pose a risk for the terrestrial compartment, the aquatic compartment and the sediment. The bioaccumulation potential of monensin in the environment is low. Monensin sodium from Elancoban® G200 has the potential to effectively control coccidiosis in chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying. The FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the efficacy Elancoban® G200 as a coccidiostat for turkeys for fattening.
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5
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Alfarouk KO, Bashir AHH, Aljarbou AN, Ramadan AM, Muddathir AK, AlHoufie STS, Hifny A, Elhassan GO, Ibrahim ME, Alqahtani SS, AlSharari SD, Supuran CT, Rauch C, Cardone RA, Reshkin SJ, Fais S, Harguindey S. The Possible Role of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer and Its Management. Front Oncol 2019; 9:75. [PMID: 30854333 PMCID: PMC6395443 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a facultative anaerobic bacterium. HP is a normal flora having immuno-modulating properties. This bacterium is an example of a microorganism inducing gastric cancer. Its carcinogenicity depends on bacteria-host related factors. The proper understanding of the biology of HP inducing gastric cancer offers the potential strategy in the managing of HP rather than eradicating it. In this article, we try to summarize the biology of HP-induced gastric cancer and discuss the current pharmacological approach to treat and prevent its carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid O Alfarouk
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Tampa, FL, United States.,Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum, Sudan.,Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,American Biosciences, Inc., New York City, NY, United States
| | - Adil H H Bashir
- Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum, Sudan.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed N Aljarbou
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.,Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdel Khalig Muddathir
- Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sari T S AlHoufie
- Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gamal O Elhassan
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saad S Alqahtani
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir D AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Cyril Rauch
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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6
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Kowalski P, Olędzka I, Plenis A, Miękus N, Pieckowski M, Bączek T. Combination of field amplified sample injection and hydrophobic interaction electrokinetic chromatography (FASI-HIEKC) as a signal amplification method for the determination of selected macrocyclic antibiotics. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1046:192-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Lycopene Attenuates Tulathromycin and Diclofenac Sodium-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020344. [PMID: 29364179 PMCID: PMC5855566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experiments showed a potential cardiotoxic effect of the macrolide antibiotic (tulathromycin). This study was performed to investigate whether diclofenac sodium (DFS) potentiates the cardiotoxicity of tulathromycin and increases the cardioprotective effects of lycopene against DFS and tulathromycin. Seven groups (eight per group) of adult Swiss albino mice received saline (control), tulathromycin (a single subcutaneous dose of 28 mg/kg/bw on day 14), DFS (a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg/bw on day 14), tulathromycin plus DFS, or lycopene (oral, 10 mg/kg/bw daily for 15 d) combined with tulathromycin, DFS, or both. Compared to the control group, the administration of tulathromycin or DFS (individually or in combination) caused significantly elevated (p < 0.05) serum levels of Creatine kinase-myocardial B fraction (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiac-specific troponin-T and tissue levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde that were accompanied by significantly decreased tissue reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase antioxidant enzyme activity. Upon histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, the mean pathology scores and the percentages of caspase-3-, Bax-, and CK-positive regions were significantly higher in the tulathromycin- and/or DFS-treated groups than in control mice. For all these parameters, the pathological changes were more significant in the tulathromycin–DFS combination group than in mice treated with either drug individually. Interestingly, co-administration of lycopene with tulathromycin and/or DFS significantly ameliorated the changes described above. In conclusion, DFS could potentiate the cardiotoxic effects of tulathromycin, whereas lycopene can serve as a cardioprotective agent against DFS and tulathromycin.
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8
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Lei Z, Liu Q, Yang B, Ahmed S, Cao J, He Q. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling and cut-off values of tildipirosin against Haemophilus parasuis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1673-1690. [PMID: 29416722 PMCID: PMC5788590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish the epidemiological, pharmacodynamic cut-off values, optimal dose regimens for tildipirosin against Haemophilus parasuis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 164 HPS isolates were determined and SH0165 whose MIC (2 μg/ml ) were selected for PD analysis. The ex vivo MIC in plasma of SH0165 was 0.25 μg/ml which was 8 times lower than that in TSB. The bacteriostatic, bactericidal and elimination activity (AUC24h/MIC) in serum were 26.35, 52.27 and 73.29 h based on the inhibitory sigmoid Emax modeling. The present study demonstrates that 97.9% of the wild-type (WT) isolates were covered when the epidemiological cut-off value (ECV) was set at 8 μg/ml. The parameters including AUC24h, AUC, T1/2, Cmax, CLb and MRT in PELF were 19.56, 60.41, 2.32, 4.02, 56.6, and 2.63 times than those in plasma, respectively. Regarding the Monte Carlo simulation, the COPD was defined as 0.5 μg/ml in vitro, and the optimal doses to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal and elimination effect were 1.85, 3.67 and 5.16 mg/kg for 50% target, respectively, and 2.07, 4.17 and 5.78 mg/kg for 90% target, respectively. The results of this study offer a more optimised alternative for clinical use and demonstrated that 4.17 mg/kg of tildipirosin by intramuscular injection could have an effect on bactericidal activity against HPS. These values are of great significance for the effective treatment of HPS infections, but it also be deserved to be validated in clinical practice in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiyue Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Wang J, Zhao T, Sun X, Liu Y, Zhu J, Zhang S, Cao X. Pharmacokinetics of tildipirosin in beagle dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:e49-e52. [PMID: 28892155 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of tildipirosin (TD) in 24 beagle dogs following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration, respectively, at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg. Plasma samples at certain time points (0-14 days) were collected, and the concentrations of drug were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Plasma concentration-time data and relevant parameters were described by noncompartmental through WinNonlin 6.4 software. After single i.m. injection at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg body weight, mean maximum concentration (Cmax ) was 412.73 ± 76.01, 1,051 ± 323, and 1,061 ± 352 ng/ml, respectively. Mean time to reach Cmax was 0.36 ± 0.2, 0.08 ± 0.00, and 0.13 ± 0.07 hr after i.m. injection at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg, respectively. The mean value of T1/2λz for i.m. administration at doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg was 71.39 ± 28.42, 91 .33 ± 50.02, and 96.43 ± 45.02 hr, respectively. The mean residence times were 63.81 ± 10.96, 35.83 ± 15.13, and 38.18 ± 16.77 hr for doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg, respectively. These pharmacokinetic characteristics after i.m. administration indicated that TD could be rapidly distributed into tissues on account of the high lipid solubility and then released into plasma. In addition, the absolute bioavailability of 2 mg/kg after i.m. injection was 112%. No adverse effects were observed after i.v. and i.m. administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - T Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - X Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - X Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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10
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Rose M, Pridmore A, Shaw A, Wilhelm C, Menge M, Kilp S, Röpke R, Nürnberger M. A microbiological assay to estimate the antimicrobial activity of parenteral tildipirosin against foodborne pathogens and commensals in the colon of beef cattle and pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 39:277-86. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rose
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH; A Member of the MSD Animal Health Group; Schwabenheim Germany
| | - A. Pridmore
- Don Whitley Scientific Limited (DWS); Shipley UK
| | - A. Shaw
- Don Whitley Scientific Limited (DWS); Shipley UK
| | - C. Wilhelm
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH; A Member of the MSD Animal Health Group; Schwabenheim Germany
| | - M. Menge
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH; A Member of the MSD Animal Health Group; Schwabenheim Germany
| | - S. Kilp
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH; A Member of the MSD Animal Health Group; Schwabenheim Germany
| | - R. Röpke
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH; A Member of the MSD Animal Health Group; Schwabenheim Germany
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11
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Pharmacodynamic interaction of Spirulina platensis with erythromycin in Egyptian Baladi bucks (Capra hircus). Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Xia Q, Muraoka WT, Shen Z, Sahin O, Wang H, Wu Z, Liu P, Zhang Q. Adaptive mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin treatment. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:133. [PMID: 23767761 PMCID: PMC3694039 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrolide is the drug of choice to treat human campylobacteriosis, but Campylobacter resistance to this antibiotic is rising. The mechanisms employed by Campylobacter jejuni to adapt to erythromycin treatment remain unknown and are examined in this study. The transcriptomic response of C. jejuni NCTC 11168 to erythromycin (Ery) treatment was determined by competitive microarray hybridizations. Representative genes identified to be differentially expressed were further characterized by constructing mutants and assessing their involvement in antimicrobial susceptibility, oxidative stress tolerance, and chicken colonization. Results Following the treatment with an inhibitory dose of Ery, 139 genes were up-regulated and 119 were down-regulated. Many genes associated with flagellar biosynthesis and motility was up-regulated, while many genes involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport, and ribonucleotide biosynthesis were down-regulated. Exposure to a sub-inhibitory dose of Ery resulted in differential expression of much fewer genes. Interestingly, two putative drug efflux operons (cj0309c-cj0310c and cj1173-cj1174) were up-regulated. Although mutation of the two operons did not alter the susceptibility of C. jejuni to antimicrobials, it reduced Campylobacter growth under high-level oxygen. Another notable finding is the consistent up-regulation of cj1169c-cj1170c, of which cj1170c encodes a known phosphokinase, an important regulatory protein in C. jejuni. Mutation of the cj1169c-cj1170c rendered C. jejuni less tolerant to atmospheric oxygen and reduced Campylobacter colonization and transmission in chickens. Conclusions These findings indicate that Ery treatment elicits a range of changes in C. jejuni transcriptome and affects the expression of genes important for in vitro and in vivo adaptation. Up-regulation of motility and down-regulation of energy metabolism likely facilitate Campylobacter to survive during Ery treatment. These findings provide new insight into Campylobacter adaptive response to antibiotic treatment and may help to understand the mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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13
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Er A, Yazar E. Effects of tylosin, tilmicosin and tulathromycin on inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Acta Vet Hung 2012; 60:465-76. [PMID: 23160029 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2012.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides through kinetic parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Rats were divided into four groups: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + tylosin, LPS + tilmicosin and LPS + tulathromycin. BALF samples were collected at sampling times. TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α (PGM) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analysed. Area under the curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values of inflammatory mediators were determined by a pharmacokinetic computer programme. When inflammatory mediator concentrations were compared between the LPS group and other groups for each sampling time, the three macrolides had no pronounced depressor effect on cytokine levels, but they depressed PGM and CRP levels. In addition, tylosin and tilmicosin decreased the AUC0-24 level of TNF, while tilmicosin decreased the AUC0-24 level of IL-10. Tylosin and tulathromycin decreased the AUC0-24 of PGM, and all three macrolides decreased the AUC0-24 of CRP. Especially tylosin and tulathromycin may have more expressed anti-inflammatory effects than tilmicosin, via depressing the production of inflammatory mediators in the lung. The AUC may be used for determining the effects of drugs on inflammation. In this study, the antiinflammatory effects of these antibiotics were evaluated with kinetic parameters as a new and different approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Er
- 1 University of Selcuk, Campus Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42075 Konya Turkey
| | - Enver Yazar
- 1 University of Selcuk, Campus Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42075 Konya Turkey
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14
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Kubiak RL, Phillips RK, Zmudka MW, Ahn MR, Maka EM, Pyeatt GL, Roggensack SJ, Holden HM. Structural and functional studies on a 3'-epimerase involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-allose. Biochemistry 2012; 51:9375-83. [PMID: 23116432 DOI: 10.1021/bi3012737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unusual deoxy sugars are often attached to natural products such as antibiotics, antifungals, and chemotherapeutic agents. One such sugar is mycinose, which has been found on the antibiotics chalcomycin and tylosin. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of mycinose is dTDP-6-deoxy-D-allose. Four enzymes are required for the production of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-allose in Streptomyces bikiniensis, a soil-dwelling microbe first isolated from the Bikini and Rongelap atolls. Here we describe a combined structural and functional study of the enzyme ChmJ, which reportedly catalyzes the third step in the pathway leading to dTDP-6-deoxy-D-allose formation. Specifically, it has been proposed that ChmJ is a 3'-epimerase that converts dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose to dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyallose. This activity, however, has never been verified in vitro. As reported here, we demonstrate using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance that ChmJ, indeed, functions as a 3'-epimerase. In addition, we determined the structure of ChmJ complexed with dTDP-quinovose to 2.0 Å resolution. The structure of ChmJ shows that it belongs to the well-characterized "cupin" superfamily. Two active site residues, His 60 and Tyr 130, were subsequently targeted for study via site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analyses, and the three-dimensional architecture of the H60N/Y130F mutant protein was determined to 1.6 Å resolution. Finally, the structure of the apoenzyme was determined to 2.2 Å resolution. It has been previously suggested that the position of a conserved tyrosine, Tyr 130 in the case of ChmJ, determines whether an enzyme in this superfamily functions as a mono- or diepimerase. Our results indicate that the orientation of the tyrosine residue in ChmJ is a function of the ligand occupying the active site cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Kubiak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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15
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Amer A, Constable P, A.Goudah, El Badawy S. Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in lactating goats. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Villarino N, Martín-Jiménez T. Pharmacokinetics of macrolides in foals. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:1-13. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Villarino
- Department of Microbiology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - T. Martín-Jiménez
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
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17
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Rose M, Menge M, Bohland C, Zschiesche E, Wilhelm C, Kilp S, Metz W, Allan M, Röpke R, Nürnberger M. Pharmacokinetics of tildipirosin in porcine plasma, lung tissue, and bronchial fluid and effects of test conditions on in vitro activity against reference strains and field isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:140-53. [PMID: 22500881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of tildipirosin (Zuprevo(®) 40 mg/mL solution for injection for pigs), a novel 16-membered-ring macrolide for the treatment for swine respiratory disease (SRD), was investigated in studies collecting blood plasma and postmortem samples of lung tissue and bronchial fluid (BF) from swine. In view of factors influencing the in vitro activity of macrolides, and for the interpretation of tildipirosin pharmacokinetics in relation to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), additional experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere, buffers, and serum on tildipirosin MICs for various reference strains and Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae field isolates. After single intramuscular (i.m.) injection at 4 mg/kg body weight, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 0.9 μg/mL observed within 23 min (Tmax ). Mean residence time from the time of dosing to the time of last measurable concentration (MRTlast) and terminal half-life (T1/2) both were about 4 days. A dose-response relationship with no significant sex effect is observed for area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last sampling time with a quantifiable drug concentration (AUClast) over the range of doses up to 6 mg/kg. However, linear dose proportionality could not be proven with statistical methods. The time-concentration profile of tildipirosin in BF and lung far exceeded that in blood plasma. In lung, tildipirosin concentrations reached 3.1 μg/g at 2 h, peaked at 4.3 μg/g at day 1, and slowly declined to 0.8 μg/g at day 17. In BF, tildipirosin levels were 14.3, 7.0, and 6.5 μg/g at days 5, 10, and 14. T1/2 in lung was ∼7 days. Tildipirosin is rapidly and extensively distributed to the respiratory tract followed by slow elimination. Culture media pH and carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere (CO2 -EA) had a marked impact on in vitro activity of tildipirosin in reference strains of various rapidly growing aerobic and fastidious bacteria including Histophilus (H.) somni ATCC 700025 and A. pleuropneumoniae ATCC 27090. For A. pleuropneumoniae ATCC 27090 testing conditions without CO2 -EA resulted in reduced acidification of culture media pH and a reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentrations compared to standard in vitro test conditions by 2 log2 dilution steps (4-fold) from 8 to 2 μg/mL. Supplementary buffering of standard culture media resulted in a reduction in the A. pleuropneumoniae (n = 8) MIC range by 4 log2 dilution steps (16-fold) from 8-16 to 0.5-1 μg/mL. Incremental supplementation of culture media with 50% serum resulted in noticeable shifts to lower minimum or maximum MICs by at least 2 log2 dilution steps (≥4-fold) in all aerobic and fastidious reference strains tested except for Pasteurella (P.) multocida. The MIC of A. pleuropneumoniae ATCC 27090 decreased by 2-4 log2 dilution steps (4 to 16-fold) from 8 to 0.5-2 μg/mL when 50% serum was added to the standard assay. Considering a higher presence of serum and the rather neutral pH conditions maintained in vivo, it is suggested to take the influence of these factors on in vitro activity into account when interpreting tildipirosin MICs for A. pleuropneumoniae in relation to pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rose
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, Schwabenheim, Germany
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18
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MENGE M, ROSE M, BOHLAND C, ZSCHIESCHE E, KILP S, METZ W, ALLAN M, RÖPKE R, NÜRNBERGER M. Pharmacokinetics of tildipirosin in bovine plasma, lung tissue, and bronchial fluid (from live, nonanesthetized cattle). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:550-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Takarabe M, Shigemizu D, Kotera M, Goto S, Kanehisa M. Network-based analysis and characterization of adverse drug-drug interactions. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:2977-85. [PMID: 21942936 DOI: 10.1021/ci200367w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Co-administration of multiple drugs may cause adverse effects, which are usually known but sometimes unknown. Package inserts of prescription drugs are supposed to contain contraindications and warnings on adverse interactions, but such information is not necessarily complete. Therefore, it is becoming more important to provide health professionals with a comprehensive view on drug-drug interactions among all the drugs in use as well as a computational method to identify potential interactions, which may also be of practical value in society. Here we extracted 1,306,565 known drug-drug interactions from all the package inserts of prescription drugs marketed in Japan. They were reduced to 45,180 interactions involving 1352 drugs (active ingredients) identified by the D numbers in the KEGG DRUG database, of which 14,441 interactions involving 735 drugs were linked to the same drug-metabolizing enzymes and/or overlapping drug targets. The interactions with overlapping targets were further classified into three types: acting on the same target, acting on different but similar targets in the same protein family, and acting on different targets belonging to the same pathway. For the rest of the extracted interaction data, we attempted to characterize interaction patterns in terms of the drug groups defined by the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system, where the high-resolution network at the D number level is progressively reduced to a low-resolution global network. Based on this study we have developed a drug-drug interaction retrieval system in the KEGG DRUG database, which may be used for both searching against known drug-drug interactions and predicting potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Takarabe
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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20
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Er A, Altan F, Cetin G, Dik B, Elmas M, Yazar E. Assessment of the cardiotoxicity of tulathromycin in rabbits. Acta Vet Hung 2011; 59:327-35. [PMID: 21727065 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2011.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the cardiotoxic potency of tulathromycin. Tulathromycin (10 mg/kg, SC) was administered to ten adult male rabbits, and blood samples were obtained before and after drug administration (0 and 6 hours). Serum cardiac damage markers (troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), routine serum biochemical values (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, ionised calcium, sodium, potassium), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, arterial blood gas parameters (pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure, partial oxygen pressure, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excess in vivo, base excess in vitro, oxygen saturation, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum oxidative status (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, retinol, β-carotene) were measured. Increased levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and creatinine, and decreased WBC counts, ionised calcium and potassium levels were observed after drug administration. Tulathromycin treatment may cause cardiotoxicity, but its effects may be less dramatic than those of other macrolide antibiotics frequently used in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Er
- 1 University of Selcuk Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42075 Campus, Konya Turkey
| | - Feray Altan
- 2 University of Dicle Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Diyarbakir Turkey
| | - Gul Cetin
- 3 University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Burdur Turkey
| | - Burak Dik
- 1 University of Selcuk Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42075 Campus, Konya Turkey
| | - Muammer Elmas
- 1 University of Selcuk Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42075 Campus, Konya Turkey
| | - Enver Yazar
- 1 University of Selcuk Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42075 Campus, Konya Turkey
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Spehr V, Warrass R, Höcherl K, Ilg T. Large-scale production of the immunomodulator c-di-GMP from GMP and ATP by an enzymatic cascade. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:761-75. [PMID: 21710212 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
(3'-5')-Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger with immunomodulatory activities in mice suggesting potential applications as a vaccine adjuvant and as a therapeutic agent. Clinical studies in larger animals or humans will require larger doses that are difficult and expensive to generate by currently available chemical or enzymatic synthesis and purification methods. Here we report the production of c-di-GMP at the multi-gram scale from the economical precursors guanosine monophosphate (GMP) and adenosine triphosphate by a "one-pot" three enzyme cascade consisting of GMP kinase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and a mutated form of diguanylate cyclase engineered to lack product inhibition. The c-di-GMP was purified to apparent homogeneity by a combination of anion exchange chromatography and solvent precipitation and was characterized by reversed phase high performance liquid chormatography and mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and further compositional analyses. The immunomodulatory activity of the c-di-GMP preparation was confirmed by its potentiating effect on the lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6 messenger RNA expression in J774A.1 mouse macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Spehr
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
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22
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Goetting V, Lee KA, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs in laying hens and residues in eggs: a review of the literature. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:521-56. [PMID: 21679196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poultry treated with pharmaceutical products can produce eggs contaminated with drug residues. Such residues could pose a risk to consumer health. The following is a review of the information available in the literature regarding drug pharmacokinetics in laying hens, and the deposition of drugs into eggs of poultry species, primarily chickens. The available data suggest that, when administered to laying hens, a wide variety of drugs leave detectable residues in eggs laid days to weeks after the cessation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Goetting
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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23
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Risk assessment of coccidostatics during feed cross-contamination: animal and human health aspects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 270:196-208. [PMID: 21215766 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis, an intestinal plasmodium infection, is a major infectious disease in poultry and rabbits. Eleven different coccidiostats are licensed in the EU for the prevention of coccidiosis in these animal species. According to their chemical nature and main biological activity, these compounds can be grouped as ionophoric (monensin, lasalocid sodium, salinomycin, narasin, maduramicin and semduramicin) or non-ionophoric (robenidine, decoquinate, nicarbazin, diclazuril, and halofuginone) substances. Coccidiostats are used as feed additives, mixed upon request into the compounded feed. During the technical process of commercial feed production, cross-contamination of feed batches can result in the exposure of non-target animals and induce adverse health effects in these animals due to a specific sensitivity of mammalian species as compared to poultry. Residue formation in edible tissues of non-target species may result in unexpected human exposure through the consumption of animal products. This review presents recent risk assessments performed by the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The health risk to non-target species that would result from the consumption of cross-contaminated feed with coccidostats at levels of 2, 5 or 10% was found to be negligible for most animal species with the exception of salinomycin and monensin in horses because of the particular sensitivity for which toxicity may occur when cross-contamination exceeds 2% and 5% respectively. Kinetic data and tissue analyses showed that residues of coccidiostats may occur in the liver and eggs in some cases. However, the level of residues of each coccidiostat in edible animal tissues remained sufficiently low that the aggregate exposure of consumers would not exceed the established acceptable daily intake (ADI) of each coccidiostat. It could be concluded that technical cross-contamination of animal feeds would not be expected to adversely affect the health of consumers.
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24
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Islam K, Klein U, Burch D. The activity and compatibility of the antibiotic tiamulin with other drugs in poultry medicine—A review. Poult Sci 2009; 88:2353-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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25
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HUANG RA, LETENDRE LT, BANAV N, FISCHER J, SOMERVILLE B. Pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin in cattle with comparison of plasma and lung tissue concentrations and plasma antibacterial activity. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 33:227-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Implications of ABC transporters on the disposition of typical veterinary medicinal products. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:510-9. [PMID: 18417119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters ABCB1, ABCC2 and ABCG2 are efflux transporters that facilitate the excretion of drugs, contribute to the function of biological barriers and maintain low cytoplasmic substrate concentrations in cells. ABC transporters modulate drug absorption, distribution and elimination according to the level of expression in the intestine, liver, kidney, and at biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Moreover individual transporters are known to convey multi-drug resistance to tumour cells. While these diverse functions have been described in laboratory animal studies and in humans, the available information is very limited in animal species that are typical veterinary patients. This brief review summarizes the available data on organ distribution and expression levels in animals, genetic defects in dogs resulting in a non-functional P-gp expression, and describes examples of kinetic investigations directed to assess the clinical relevance of species differences in ABC-transporter expression.
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Nouri M, Constable PD. Effect of parenteral administration of erythromycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:1392-8. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.12.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the evaluation of the coccidiostat COXIDIN® (Monensin Sodium). EFSA J 2005. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2005.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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29
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Benchaoui HA, Nowakowski M, Sherington J, Rowan TG, Sunderland SJ. Pharmacokinetics and lung tissue concentrations of tulathromycin in swine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2004; 27:203-10. [PMID: 15305848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The absolute bioavailability and lung tissue distribution of the triamilide antimicrobial, tulathromycin, were investigated in swine. Fifty-six pigs received 2.5 mg/kg of tulathromycin 10% formulation by either intramuscular (i.m.) or intravenous (i.v.) route in two studies: study A (10 pigs, i.m. and 10 pigs, i.v.) and study B (36 pigs, i.m.). After i.m. administration the mean maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) was 616 ng/mL, which was reached by 0.25 h postinjection (t(max)). The mean apparent elimination half-life (t(1/2)) in plasma was 75.6 h. After i.v. injection plasma clearance (Cl) was 181 mL/kg.h, the volume of distribution at steady-state (V(ss)) was 13.2 L/kg and the elimination t(1/2) was 67.5 h. The systemic bioavailability following i.m. administration was >87% and the ratio of lung drug concentration for i.m. vs. i.v. injection was > or =0.96. Following i.m. administration, a mean tulathromycin concentration of 2840 ng/g was detected in lung tissue at 12 h postdosing. The mean lung C(max) of 3470 ng/g was reached by 24 h postdose (t(max)). Mean lung drug concentrations after 6 and 10 days were 1700 and 1240 ng/g, respectively. The AUC(inf) was 61.4 times greater for the lung than for plasma. The apparent elimination t(1/2) for tulathromycin in the lung was 142 h (6 days). Following i.m. administration to pigs at 2.5 mg/kg body weight, tulathromycin was rapidly absorbed and highly bioavailable. The high distribution to lung and slow elimination following a single dose of tulathromycin, are desirable pharmacokinetic attributes for an antimicrobial drug indicated for the treatment of respiratory disease in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Benchaoui
- Pfizer Animal Health, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Ltd., Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK.
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30
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the re-evaluation of efficacy and safety of the coccidiostat Monteban® G100 in accordance with article 9G of Council Directive 70/524/EEC. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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31
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the safety and the efficacy of product “BIO-COX 120G” as feed additive in accordance with Council Directive 70/524/EEC. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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32
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the re-evaluation of coccidiostat Sacox® 120 microGranulate in accordance with article 9G of Council Directive 70/524/EEC. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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33
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the reevaluation of coccidiostat Avatec in accordance with article 9G of Council Directive 70/524/EEC. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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34
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the evaluation of coccidiostat Kokcisan® 120G. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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35
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the reevaluation of coccidiostat Avatec in accordance with article 9G of Council Directive 70/524/EEC. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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36
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Virkel G, Lifschitz A, Sallovitz J, Inza G, Lanusse C. Effect of the ionophore antibiotic monensin on the ruminal biotransformation of benzimidazole anthelmintics. Vet J 2004; 167:265-71. [PMID: 15080875 DOI: 10.1016/s1090-0233(03)00079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The benzimidazole (BZD) anthelmintics, netobimin (NTB) pro-drug and albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO) are reduced to albendazole (ABZ) by ruminal microflora. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the influence of the ionophore monensin (MON) on the in vitro biotransformation of NTB and ABZSO by sheep ruminal fluid. Ruminal fluid, collected from Corriedale sheep, was preincubated (24 h) either without (control) or with known MON concentrations (0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 microg/mL) at 38 degrees C under a CO2 atmosphere. Afterwards, aliquots from both MON-pretreated and control ruminal fluid samples were incubated (30 and 60 min) with 2 microg/mL of either NTB or ABZSO. Incubated samples were chemically extracted and analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography to quantify the metabolites formed. The rate of ABZ production after 30 min of NTB incubation with control ruminal fluid was 0.023 microg/min. Conversely, the rates of ABZ formation were significantly (P<0.05) lower (0.009, 0.011 and 0.013 microg/min) when NTB was incubated with ruminal fluid pretreated with MON (at 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 microg/mL, respectively). After both incubation periods, the reduction of ABZSO to ABZ was 22 to 70% lower when the ruminal fluid was preincubated with the different MON concentrations. The lower ABZ production observed in the presence of MON may result in a modified availability of this molecule in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and hence, on its anthelmintic efficacy against GI nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Núcleo FISFARVET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil 7000, Argentina.
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37
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the reevaluation of coccidiostat Elancoban in accordance with article 9G of Council Directive 70/524/EEC. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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38
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Milanova A, Lashev L. Pharmacokinetics of oleandomycin in dogs after intravenous or oral administration alone and after pretreatment with metamizole or dexamethasone. Vet Res Commun 2002; 26:61-71. [PMID: 11860088 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013309922721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of oleandomycin (OLD) after intravenous and oral administration, both alone and after intramuscular pretreatment with metamizole or dexamethasone, were studied in healthy dogs. After intravenous injection of OLD alone (10 mg/kg as bolus), the elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta, volume of distribution (Vd,area), body clearance (ClB) and area under the concentration time curve (AUC) were 1.60 h, 1.11 L/kg. 7.36 (ml/kg)/min and 21.66 microg h/ml, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences following pretreatment with metamizole or dexamethasone. After oral administration of OLD alone, the t 1/2 beta, maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax), time of Cmax (tmax), mean absorption time (MAT) and absolute bioavailability (Fabs) were 1.6 h, 5.34 microg/ml, 1.5 h, 1.34 h and 84.29%, respectively. Pretreatment with metamizole caused a significantly decreased value for Cmax (2.93 microg/ml) but the MAT value (2.23 h) was significantly increased. Statistically significant changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of OLD following oral administration were also observed as a result of pretreatment with dexamethasone. The Cmax was increased (8.24 microg/ml) and the tmax (0.5 h) and MAT (0.45 h) were lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Milanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thracia University, Star Zagora, Bulgaria
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Nebbia C, Ceppa L, Dacasto M, Nachtmann C, Carletti M. Oxidative monensin metabolism and cytochrome P450 3A content and functions in liver microsomes from horses, pigs, broiler chicks, cattle and rats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2001; 24:399-403. [PMID: 11903870 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2001.00362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative metabolism of monensin, an ionophore antibiotic extensively used in veterinary practice as a coccidiostat and a growth promoter, was studied in hepatic microsomal preparations from horses, pigs, broiler chicks, cattle and rats. As assayed by the measurement of the amount of the released formaldehyde, the rate of monensin O-demethylation was nearly of the same order of magnitude in all species, but total monensin metabolism, which was estimated by measuring the rate of substrate disappearance by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, was highest in cattle, intermediate in rats, chicks and pigs, and lowest in horses. When expressed as turnover number (nmol of metabolized monensin/min nmol cytochrome P450-1), the catalytic efficiency (chick >> cattle >> pig approximately rat > horse) was found to correlate inversely with the well known interspecies differences in the susceptibility to the toxic effects of the ionophore, which is characterized by an oral LD50 of 2-3 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) in horses, 50-80 mg/kg bw in cattle and 200 mg/kg bw in chicks. Chick and cattle microsomes also displayed both the highest catalytic efficiency toward two P450 3A dependent substrates (erythromycin and triacetyloleandomycin) and the highest immunodetectable levels of proteins cross-reacting with anti rat P450 3A1/2. Further studies are required to define the role played by this isoenzyme in the oxidative biotransformation of the drug in food producing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nebbia
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 41, Grugliasco, Italia.
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Abstract
After coming in contact with living organisms, the majority of foreign compounds undergo a number of chemical reactions known as biotransformations. These are performed by hepatic and extra-hepatic enzyme systems and usually yield more polar derivatives, referred to as 'metabolites', which may leave the body via the urinary and biliary routes or be excreted in animal products such as milk and eggs. Biotransformation does not always imply detoxification because in certain instances metabolites will be produced that are capable of reacting with tissue macromolecules or acquiring toxic properties different to or greater than those of the parent molecule. In this review, which is focused on domestic animals, the role played by oxidative, reductive, hydrolytic and conjugative biotransformation enzymes in the activation/detoxification of xenobiotics is examined. The relationship between extra-hepatic metabolism and target organ toxicity as well as the action of rumen microflora on feed additives, phytotoxins, and pesticides are then discussed. Some of the most important metabolic-based species-related susceptibilities to different poisons, and the influence of enzyme inducers or inhibitors on xenobiotic toxicity and drug safety are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nebbia
- Department of Animal Pathology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 41, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
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