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Gupta V, Ravenscroft G, Shaheen R, Todd E, Swanson L, Shiina M, Ogata K, Hsu C, Clarke N, Darras B, Farrar M, Hashem A, Manton N, Muntoni F, North K, Sandaradura S, Nishino I, Hayashi Y, Sewry C, Thompson E, Yau K, Brownstein C, Yu T, Allcock R, Davis M, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Matsumoto N, Alkuraya F, Laing N, Beggs A. Identification of KLHL41 Mutations Implicates BTB-Kelch-Mediated Ubiquitination as an Alternate Pathway to Myofibrillar Disruption in Nemaline Myopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:1108-17. [PMID: 24268659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a rare congenital muscle disorder primarily affecting skeletal muscles that results in neonatal death in severe cases as a result of associated respiratory insufficiency. NM is thought to be a disease of sarcomeric thin filaments as six of eight known genes whose mutation can cause NM encode components of that structure, however, recent discoveries of mutations in non-thin filament genes has called this model in question. We performed whole-exome sequencing and have identified recessive small deletions and missense changes in the Kelch-like family member 41 gene (KLHL41) in four individuals from unrelated NM families. Sanger sequencing of 116 unrelated individuals with NM identified compound heterozygous changes in KLHL41 in a fifth family. Mutations in KLHL41 showed a clear phenotype-genotype correlation: Frameshift mutations resulted in severe phenotypes with neonatal death, whereas missense changes resulted in impaired motor function with survival into late childhood and/or early adulthood. Functional studies in zebrafish showed that loss of Klhl41 results in highly diminished motor function and myofibrillar disorganization, with nemaline body formation, the pathological hallmark of NM. These studies expand the genetic heterogeneity of NM and implicate a critical role of BTB-Kelch family members in maintenance of sarcomeric integrity in NM.
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Wang CH, Dowling JJ, North K, Schroth MK, Sejersen T, Shapiro F, Bellini J, Weiss H, Guillet M, Amburgey K, Apkon S, Bertini E, Bonnemann C, Clarke N, Connolly AM, Estournet-Mathiaud B, Fitzgerald D, Florence JM, Gee R, Gurgel-Giannetti J, Glanzman AM, Hofmeister B, Jungbluth H, Koumbourlis AC, Laing NG, Main M, Morrison LA, Munns C, Rose K, Schuler PM, Sewry C, Storhaug K, Vainzof M, Yuan N. Consensus statement on standard of care for congenital myopathies. J Child Neurol 2012; 27:363-82. [PMID: 22431881 PMCID: PMC5234865 DOI: 10.1177/0883073812436605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in scientific research has facilitated accurate genetic and neuropathological diagnosis of congenital myopathies. However, given their relatively low incidence, congenital myopathies remain unfamiliar to the majority of care providers, and the levels of patient care are extremely variable. This consensus statement aims to provide care guidelines for congenital myopathies. The International Standard of Care Committee for Congenital Myopathies worked through frequent e-mail correspondences, periodic conference calls, 2 rounds of online surveys, and a 3-day workshop to achieve a consensus for diagnostic and clinical care recommendations. The committee includes 59 members from 10 medical disciplines. They are organized into 5 working groups: genetics/diagnosis, neurology, pulmonology, gastroenterology/nutrition/speech/oral care, and orthopedics/rehabilitation. In each care area the authors summarize the committee's recommendations for symptom assessments and therapeutic interventions. It is the committee's goal that through these recommendations, patients with congenital myopathies will receive optimal care and improve their disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching H. Wang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mary K. Schroth
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hali Weiss
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marc Guillet
- A Foundation Building Strength, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Susan Apkon
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Gee
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kari Storhaug
- National Resource Centre for Oral Health in Rare Medical Conditions, Oslo Norway
| | | | - Nanci Yuan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Mir A, Lemler M, Ramaciotti C, Blalock S, Ikemba C. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Neonate Associated with Nemaline Myopathy. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2011; 7:E37-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2011.00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A, Ackermann MA, Bowman AL, Yap SV, Bloch RJ. Muscle giants: molecular scaffolds in sarcomerogenesis. Physiol Rev 2009; 89:1217-67. [PMID: 19789381 PMCID: PMC3076733 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibrillogenesis in striated muscles is a highly complex process that depends on the coordinated assembly and integration of a large number of contractile, cytoskeletal, and signaling proteins into regular arrays, the sarcomeres. It is also associated with the stereotypical assembly of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the transverse tubules around each sarcomere. Three giant, muscle-specific proteins, titin (3-4 MDa), nebulin (600-800 kDa), and obscurin (approximately 720-900 kDa), have been proposed to play important roles in the assembly and stabilization of sarcomeres. There is a large amount of data showing that each of these molecules interacts with several to many different protein ligands, regulating their activity and localizing them to particular sites within or surrounding sarcomeres. Consistent with this, mutations in each of these proteins have been linked to skeletal and cardiac myopathies or to muscular dystrophies. The evidence that any of them plays a role as a "molecular template," "molecular blueprint," or "molecular ruler" is less definitive, however. Here we review the structure and function of titin, nebulin, and obscurin, with the literature supporting a role for them as scaffolding molecules and the contradictory evidence regarding their roles as molecular guides in sarcomerogenesis.
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Sharma MC, Jain D, Sarkar C, Goebel HH. Congenital myopathies--a comprehensive update of recent advancements. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 119:281-92. [PMID: 19133863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The congenital myopathies are relatively newly discovered compared with other categories of muscle diseases. Current research continues to clarify and classify the congenital myopathies. These pose a diagnostic problem and cannot be diagnosed by routine hematoxylin and eosin stain. A lot of special techniques are required to diagnose them correctly and it's various subtypes. The disease specific structural changes seen in the muscle are detected by enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Through this review we provide an up-to-date analysis of congenital myopathies including clinical and pathologic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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McNally EM, Pytel P. Muscle diseases: the muscular dystrophies. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2008; 2:87-109. [PMID: 18039094 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.2.010506.091936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophic muscle disease can occur at any age. Early- or childhood-onset muscular dystrophies may be associated with profound loss of muscle function, affecting ambulation, posture, and cardiac and respiratory function. Late-onset muscular dystrophies or myopathies may be mild and associated with slight weakness and an inability to increase muscle mass. The phenotype of muscular dystrophy is an endpoint that arises from a diverse set of genetic pathways. Genes associated with muscular dystrophies encode proteins of the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix, and the sarcomere and Z band, as well as nuclear membrane components. Because muscle has such distinctive structural and regenerative properties, many of the genes implicated in these disorders target pathways unique to muscle or more highly expressed in muscle. This chapter reviews the basic structural properties of muscle and genetic mechanisms that lead to myopathy and muscular dystrophies that affect all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McNally
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Brambrink AM, Kirsch JR. Perioperative care of patients with neuromuscular disease and dysfunction. Anesthesiol Clin 2007; 25:483-509, viii-ix. [PMID: 17884705 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A variety of different pathologies result in disease phenotypes that are summarized as neuromuscular diseases because they share commonalty in their clinical consequences for the patient: a progressive weakening of the skeletal muscles. Distinct caution and appropriate changes to the anesthetic plan are advised when care is provided during the perioperative period. The choice of anesthetic technique, anesthetic drugs, and neuromuscular blockade always depends on the type of neuromuscular disease and the surgical procedure planned. A clear diagnosis of the underlying disease and sufficient knowledge and understanding of the pathophysiology are of paramount importance to the practitioner and guide optimal perioperative management of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar M Brambrink
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
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Zieseniss A, Terasaki AG, Gregorio CC. Lasp-2 expression, localization, and ligand interactions: A new Z-disc scaffolding protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 65:59-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.20244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yang Y, Gehrke S, Imai Y, Huang Z, Ouyang Y, Wang JW, Yang L, Beal MF, Vogel H, Lu B. Mitochondrial pathology and muscle and dopaminergic neuron degeneration caused by inactivation of Drosophila Pink1 is rescued by Parkin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:10793-8. [PMID: 16818890 PMCID: PMC1502310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602493103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 602] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Pink1, a gene encoding a Ser/Thr kinase with a mitochondrial-targeting signal, are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. The mechanism by which loss of Pink1 leads to neurodegeneration is not understood. Here we show that inhibition of Drosophila Pink1 (dPink1) function results in energy depletion, shortened lifespan, and degeneration of select indirect flight muscles and dopaminergic neurons. The muscle pathology was preceded by mitochondrial enlargement and disintegration. These phenotypes could be rescued by the wild type but not the pathogenic C-terminal deleted form of human Pink1 (hPink1). The muscle and dopaminergic phenotypes associated with dPink1 inactivation show similarity to that seen in parkin mutant flies and could be suppressed by the overexpression of Parkin but not DJ-1. Consistent with the genetic rescue results, we find that, in dPink1 RNA interference (RNAi) animals, the level of Parkin protein is significantly reduced. Together, these results implicate Pink1 and Parkin in a common pathway that regulates mitochondrial physiology and cell survival in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yang
- *Department of Pathology and
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center/Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
| | - Stephan Gehrke
- *Department of Pathology and
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center/Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
| | - Yuzuru Imai
- *Department of Pathology and
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center/Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
| | - Zhinong Huang
- *Department of Pathology and
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center/Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- *Department of Pathology and
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center/Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
| | - Ji-Wu Wang
- *Department of Pathology and
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center/Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
| | - Lichuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Cornell University Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021
| | - M. Flint Beal
- Department of Neurology, Cornell University Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021
| | | | - Bingwei Lu
- *Department of Pathology and
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center/Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
The introduction and application of molecular techniques have commenced to influence and alter the nosology of congenital myopathies. Long-known entities such as nemaline myopathies, core diseases, and desmin-related myopathies have now been found to be caused by unequivocal mutations. Several of these mutations and their genes have been identified by analyzing aggregates of proteins within muscle fibers as a morphological hallmark as in desminopathy and actinopathy, the latter a subtype among the nemaline myopathies. Immunohistochemistry has played a crucial role in recognizing this new group of protein aggregate myopathies within the spectrum of congenital myopathies. It is to be expected that other congenital myopathies marked by inclusion bodies may turn out to be such protein aggregate myopathies, depending on analysis of individual proteins within these protein aggregates and their association with putative gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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