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Wu L, Li X, Wei S, Hu T, Wu C, Jian W, Luo P. Relationship between p38 signaling pathway and arsenic-induced apoptosis: a meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1213-1224. [PMID: 32621277 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure could induce apoptosis and cause related cancer. It was reported that p38 signaling pathway played a key transcriptional regulatory factor in arsenic-induced apoptosis. However, there were certain disputable questions about this point of opinion. Therefore, the relationship between p38 signaling pathway and arsenic-induced apoptosis was systematically reviewed and analyzed by meta-analysis. Twelve essays were analyzed with StataSE15.0 and Review Manager 5.3. The regulatory variables, such as normal cells and cancer cells, arsenic exposure time and exposure dose were analyzed by the subgroup analysis. The comprehensive effects were compared and analyzed by SMD method. Publication bias, the monolithic impact and heterogeneity were inspected. Subgroup analysis showed, when arsenic exposure was ≥ 5 μmol/l, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was down-regulated and the expression of p38 and Caspase-3 was up-regulated. When arsenic exposure was < 5 μmol/l, the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, p38 and Caspase-3 was up-regulated. Arsenic exposure time (≥ 48 h) or arsenic exposure dose (≥ 5 μmol/l or < 5 μmol/l) can promote the expression of p38. Arsenic exposure time was ≥ 48 h or exposure dose was < 5 μmol/l in cancer cells, arsenic exposure dose was ≥ 5 μmol/l or exposure time was < 48 h in normal cells, and they are statistically significant in the expression of p38. This study evaluates the role of p38 signaling pathway in arsenic-induced apoptosis, which is helpful to provide theoretical basis for the differentiation of arsenic-induced injury and the therapeutic mechanism of arsenic-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring Control Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Town of University, Guian New District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring Control Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Town of University, Guian New District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring Control Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Town of University, Guian New District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Hu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring Control Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Town of University, Guian New District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring Control Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Town of University, Guian New District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Jian
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring Control Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Town of University, Guian New District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring Control Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Town of University, Guian New District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, People's Republic of China.
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Ghaffari SH, Yousefi M, Dizaji MZ, Momeny M, Bashash D, Zekri A, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A. Arsenic Trioxide Induces Apoptosis and Incapacitates Proliferation and Invasive Properties of U87MG Glioblastoma Cells through a Possible NF-κB-Mediated Mechanism. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:1553-64. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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3
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Holter Chakrabarty JL, Rubinger M, Le-Rademacher J, Wang HL, Grigg A, Selby GB, Szer J, Rowe JM, Weisdorf DJ, Tallman MS. Autologous is superior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute promyelocytic leukemia in second complete remission. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:1021-5. [PMID: 24691221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To identify favored choice of transplantation in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in second complete remission, we studied 294 patients with APL in second complete remission (CR2) receiving allogeneic (n = 232) or autologous (n = 62) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research (CIBMTR) from 1995 to 2006, including 155 with pre-HCT PML/RAR∝ status (49% of allogeneic and 66% of autologous). Patient characteristics and transplantation characteristics, including treatment-related mortality, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival, were collected and analyzed for both univariate and multivariate outcomes. With median follow-up of 115 (allogeneic) and 72 months (autologous), 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) favored autologous with 63% (49% to 75%), compared with allogeneic at 50% (44% to 57%) (P = .10). OS was 75% (63% to 85%) versus 54% (48% to 61%) (P = .002), for autologous and allogeneic transplantation, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed significantly worse DFS after allogeneic HCT (hazard ratio [HR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 3.06; P = .011) and age > 40 years (HR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.67; P = .0005). OS was significantly worse after allogeneic HCT (HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.52 to 4.65; P= .0006); age > 40 (HR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.95 to 5.54; P < .001), and first complete remission < 12 months (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.26; P = .021). Positive pre-HCT PML-RAR∝ status in 17 of 114 allogeneic and 6 of 41 receiving autologous transplantation did not influence relapse, treatment failure, or survival in either group. The survival advantage for autografting was attributable to increased treatment-related mortality (TRM) in the allogeneic group of 30% compared to 2% in the autologous group, in addition to the added mortality associated with GVHD. We conclude that autologous HCT yields superior OS for APL in CR2. Long-term DFS in autologous recipients, even with minimal residual disease-positive grafts, remains an important subject for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Holter Chakrabarty
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Morel Rubinger
- Department of Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jennifer Le-Rademacher
- Divison of Biostatistics, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Hai-Lin Wang
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew Grigg
- Department Clinical Haematology, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George B Selby
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jeffrey Szer
- Department Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacob M Rowe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel J Weisdorf
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Duan XF, Wu YL, Xu HZ, Zhao M, Zhuang HY, Wang XD, Yan H, Chen GQ. Synergistic mitosis-arresting effects of arsenic trioxide and paclitaxel on human malignant lymphocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 183:222-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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Metalloid transport by aquaglyceroporins: consequences in the treatment of human diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 679:57-69. [PMID: 20666224 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6315-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metalloids can severely harm human physiology in a toxicological sense if taken up from the environment in acute high doses or chronically. However, arsenic or antimony containing drugs are still being used as treatment and are often the sole regime for certain forms of cancer, mainly types of leukemia and diseases caused by parasites, such as sleeping sickness or leishmaniasis. In this chapter, we give an outline of the positive effects of arsenicals and antimonials against such diseases, we summarize data on uptake pathways through human and parasite aquaglyceroporins and we discuss the progress and options in the development of therapeutic aquaporin and aquaglyceroporin inhibitor compounds.
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Barbarroja N, Siendones E, Torres LA, Luque MJ, Martinez JM, Dorado G, Velasco F, Torres A, López-Pedrera C. MEK inhibition induces caspases activation, differentiation blockade and PML/RARα degradation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2008; 142:27-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dolniak B, Katsoulidis E, Carayol N, Altman JK, Redig AJ, Tallman MS, Ueda T, Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Fukunaga R, Platanias LC. Regulation of arsenic trioxide-induced cellular responses by Mnk1 and Mnk2. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:12034-42. [PMID: 18299328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708816200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) is a potent inducer of apoptosis of malignant cells in vitro and in vivo, but the precise mechanisms by which it mediates such effects are not well defined. We provide evidence that As(2)O(3) induces phosphorylation/activation of the MAPK signal-integrating kinases (Mnks) 1 and 2 in leukemia cell lines. Such activation is defective in cells with targeted disruption of the p38alpha MAPK gene, indicating that it requires upstream engagement of the p38 MAPK pathway. Studies using Mnk1(-/-) or Mnk2(-/-), or double Mnk1(-/-)Mnk2(-/-) knock-out cells, establish that activation of Mnk1 and Mnk2 by arsenic trioxide regulates downstream phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E at Ser-209. Importantly, arsenic-induced apoptosis is enhanced in cells with targeted disruption of the Mnk1 and/or Mnk2 genes, suggesting that these kinases are activated in a negative-feedback regulatory manner, to control generation of arsenic trioxide responses. Consistent with this, pharmacological inhibition of Mnk activity enhances the suppressive effects of arsenic trioxide on primary leukemic progenitors from patients with acute leukemias. Taken together, these findings indicate an important role for Mnk kinases, acting as negative regulators for signals that control generation of arsenic trioxide-dependent apoptosis and antileukemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Dolniak
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Altman JK, Yoon P, Katsoulidis E, Kroczynska B, Sassano A, Redig AJ, Glaser H, Jordan A, Tallman MS, Hay N, Platanias LC. Regulatory Effects of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin-mediated Signals in the Generation of Arsenic Trioxide Responses. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:1992-2001. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705227200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Chen GQ, Wang LS, Wu YL, Yu Y. Leukemia, an effective model for chemical biology and target therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1316-24. [PMID: 17723165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of chemical biology aimed at studying signaling networks for basic cellular activities using specific, active small molecules as probes has greatly accelerated research on pathological mechanisms and target therapy of diseases. This research is especially important for malignant tumors such as leukemia, a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic malignancies that occurs worldwide. With the use of a chemical approach combined with genetic manipulation, great progress has been achieved over the past few decades on the biological, molecular and cytogenetic aspects of leukemia, and in its diagnosis and therapy. In particular, discoveries of the clinical effectiveness of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and the kinase inhibitors Imatinib and Dasatinib in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia not only make target therapy of leukemia a reality, but also push mechanisms of leukemogenesis and leukemic cell activities forward. This review will outline advances in chemical biology that help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell differentiation and apoptosis induction and target therapy of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (formerly Shanghai Second Medical University), Shanghai, China.
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El Mchichi B, Hadji A, Vazquez A, Leca G. p38 MAPK and MSK1 mediate caspase-8 activation in manganese-induced mitochondria-dependent cell death. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1826-36. [PMID: 17585337 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are important regulators of cell apoptosis. Manganese (Mn(2+)) is a potent inducer of apoptosis in different cell types, but the precise mechanisms that mediate such effects are not well defined. We previously reported that Mn(2+) was a potent apoptotic agent in human B cells, including lymphoma B cell lines. We show here that Mn(2+)-induced cell death in human B cells is associated with caspase-8-dependent mitochondrial activation leading to caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. We used specific caspase-8 interfering shRNAs to reduce caspase-8 expression, and this also reduced Mn(2+)-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Mn(2+)-triggered caspase-8 activation is associated with a specific pathway, which is independent of Fas-associated death domain protein, and dependent on the sequential activation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and mitogen- and stress-response kinase 1 (MSK1). Inhibition of p38 activity using either pharmacological inhibitors or dominant-negative mutant forms of p38 blocked Mn(2+)-mediated phosphorylation of MSK1 and blocked subsequent caspase-8 activation. However, specific inhibitors and the expression of a dominant-interfering mutant of MSK1 only inhibited caspase-8 activation, but not p38 activity. These findings suggest a novel model for the regulation of caspase-8 during Mn(2+)-induced apoptosis based on the sequential activation of p38 MAPK, MSK1, caspase-8 and mitochondria, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- B El Mchichi
- INSERM, UMR 542, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France
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11
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Giafis N, Katsoulidis E, Sassano A, Tallman MS, Higgins LS, Nebreda AR, Davis RJ, Platanias LC. Role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the generation of arsenic trioxide-dependent cellular responses. Cancer Res 2006; 66:6763-71. [PMID: 16818652 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) induces differentiation and apoptosis of leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo, but the precise mechanisms that mediate such effects are not known. In the present study, we provide evidence that the kinases MAPK kinase 3 (Mkk3) and Mkk6 are activated during treatment of leukemic cell lines with As(2)O(3) to regulate downstream engagement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Using cells with targeted disruption of both the Mkk3 and Mkk6 genes, we show that As(2)O(3)-dependent activation of p38 is defective in the absence of Mkk3 and Mkk6, establishing that these kinases are essential for As(2)O(3)-dependent engagement of the p38 pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of p38 enhances As(2)O(3)-dependent activation of the c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and subsequent induction of apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)- or acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived cell lines. In addition, in APL blasts, inhibition of p38 enhances myeloid cell differentiation in response to As(2)O(3), as well as suppression of Bcl-2 expression and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Similarly, induction of As(2)O(3)-dependent apoptosis is enhanced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) with targeted disruption of both the Mkk3 and Mkk6 genes, establishing a key role for this pathway in the regulation of As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis. In other studies, we show that the small-molecule p38 inhibitors SD-282 and SCIO-469 potentiate As(2)O(3)-mediated suppression of myeloid leukemic progenitor growth from CML patients, indicating a critical regulatory role for p38 in the induction of antileukemic responses. Altogether, our data indicate that the Mkk3/6-p38 signaling cascade is activated in a negative regulatory feedback manner to control induction of As(2)O(3)-mediated antileukemic effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/enzymology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxides/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Giafis
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Kannan-Thulasiraman P, Katsoulidis E, Tallman MS, Arthur JSC, Platanias LC. Activation of the mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 by arsenic trioxide. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:22446-52. [PMID: 16762916 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a potent inducer of apoptosis of leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo, but the precise mechanisms by which it mediates such effects are not well defined. We provide evidence that As2O3 induces activation of the mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) and downstream phosphorylation of its substrate, histone H3, in leukemia cell lines. Such activation requires upstream engagement of p38 MAPK, as demonstrated by experiments using pharmacological inhibitors of p38 or p38alpha knock-out cells. Arsenic-induced apoptosis was enhanced in cells in which MSK1 expression was decreased using small interfering RNA and in Msk1 knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts, suggesting that this kinase is activated in a negative feedback regulatory manner to regulate As2O3 responses. Consistent with this, pharmacological inhibition of MSK1 enhanced the suppressive effects of As2O3 on the growth of primary leukemic progenitors from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Altogether, these findings indicate an important role for MSK1 downstream of p38 in the regulation of As2O3 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Kannan-Thulasiraman
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, and Lakeside VA Hospital Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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13
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Lu D, Bai XC, Gui L, Su YC, Deng F, Liu B, Li XM, Zeng WS, Cheng BL, Luo SQ. Hydrogen peroxide in the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji provides protection against arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis via the phosphoinositide-3 kinase signalling pathway. Br J Haematol 2004; 125:512-20. [PMID: 15142122 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many anticarcinogenic drugs kill tumour cells by inducing apoptosis. We examined the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3))-induced cell killing. Low concentrations of H(2)O(2) (200 micromol/l) inhibited the ability of As(2)O(3) to induce apoptosis in the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji. H(2)O(2) altered the form of cell death from apoptosis to pyknosis/necrosis and also lowered the degree of cell killing by As(2)O(3). H(2)O(2) was capable of preventing caspase-3 activation induced by As(2)O(3) in Raji cells. Incubation of cells with a phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitor, wortmannin (100 nmol/l), blocked the effects of H(2)O(2) on As(2)O(3)-induced caspase-3 activation. In addition, the PI-3K inhibitor partially blocked the effects of H(2)O(2) on up-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) protein expression, down-regulation of Bax protein expression, and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and IkappaBalpha. This investigation demonstrated for the first time that low concentrations of H(2)O(2) provide protection against the in vivo of As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis. PI-3K plays a crucial role in enhancing cell survival during H(2)O(2), inhibiting As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis in the Burkitt's lymphoma cells. As(2)O(3)-induced cancer cell apoptosis may be enhanced by certain antioxidants in the treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) with M3 (or M3v) morphology is the only AML subtype to date for which morphology and immunophenotype agree. In other words, FAB M3 is interchangeable with a unique marker profile. More precisely, we have finally recognized a surrogate marker profile for leukaemia derived from the (15;17) translocation and expressing PML/RARalpha transcripts. To present this as a new development may come as a surprise to many. After all, the antigen expression pattern of AML-M3 was well recognized for many years: absence or weak expression of HLA-DR, CD117, CD15, CD11b and CD34 in the context of a myeloid phenotype (CD33 and CD13 expression) and frequently associated with moderate to high side-scatter appearance upon flow cytometric evaluation, depending upon the degree of granularity of the leukaemic cells. While partially correct, this established APL phenotype is both flawed and limited in its ability to distinguish APL from other AML subtypes, such as natural-killer-cell AML. Given the availability of phenotype-specific therapy for APL, such as all-trans retinoic acid or arsenic trioxide, failing to diagnose APL or misdiagnosing a case of AML with an APL-like phenotype will result in serious clinical consequences. Faced with this dilemma, we have recently performed a comprehensive immunophenotypic analysis of APL patients entered on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trials. Our results give diagnostic power to only three antigens, HLA-DR, CD11a and CD18, all of which are characteristically expressed at low levels by APL cells. Despite some significant antigenic differences (e.g. in CD34 expression), this surrogate marker profile for t(15;17) APL applies to both the M3 and the M3v FAB phenotypes and to all three isoforms of the PML/RARalpha transcript.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
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Verma A, Mohindru M, Deb DK, Sassano A, Kambhampati S, Ravandi F, Minucci S, Kalvakolanu DV, Platanias LC. Activation of Rac1 and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in response to arsenic trioxide. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:44988-95. [PMID: 12239215 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m207176200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide induces differentiation and apoptosis of malignant cells in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanisms by which such effects occur have not been elucidated. In the present study we provide evidence that arsenic trioxide induces activation of the small G-protein Rac1 and the alpha and beta isoforms of the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in several leukemia cell lines. Such activation of Rac1 and p38-isoforms results in downstream engagement of the MAP kinase-activated protein kinase-2 and is enhanced by pre-treatment of cells with ascorbic acid. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of p38 potentiates arsenic-dependent apoptosis and suppression of growth of leukemia cell lines, suggesting that this signaling cascade negatively regulates induction of antileukemic responses by arsenic trioxide. Consistent with this, overexpression of a dominant-negative p38 mutant (p38betaAGF) enhances the antiproliferative effects of arsenic trioxide on target cells. To further define the relevance of activation of the Rac1/p38 MAP kinase pathway in the induction of arsenic-dependent antileukemic effects, studies were performed using bone marrows from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Arsenic trioxide suppressed the growth of leukemic myeloid (CFU-GM) progenitors from such patients, whereas concomitant pharmacological inhibition of the p38 pathway enhanced its growth-suppressive effects. Altogether, these data provide evidence for a novel function of the p38 MAP kinase pathway, acting as a negative regulator of arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis and inhibition of malignant cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Verma
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Section of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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16
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Recent publications in hematological oncology. Hematol Oncol 2002; 20:95-102. [PMID: 12111872 DOI: 10.1002/hon.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Gailer J. Review: Reactive selenium metabolites as targets of toxic metals/metalloids in mammals: a molecular toxicological perspective. Appl Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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