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Frigo E, Tommasin L, Lippe G, Carraro M, Bernardi P. The Haves and Have-Nots: The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore across Species. Cells 2023; 12:1409. [PMID: 37408243 PMCID: PMC10216546 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The demonstration that F1FO (F)-ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) can form Ca2+-activated, high-conductance channels in the inner membrane of mitochondria from a variety of eukaryotes led to renewed interest in the permeability transition (PT), a permeability increase mediated by the PT pore (PTP). The PT is a Ca2+-dependent permeability increase in the inner mitochondrial membrane whose function and underlying molecular mechanisms have challenged scientists for the last 70 years. Although most of our knowledge about the PTP comes from studies in mammals, recent data obtained in other species highlighted substantial differences that could be perhaps attributed to specific features of F-ATP synthase and/or ANT. Strikingly, the anoxia and salt-tolerant brine shrimp Artemia franciscana does not undergo a PT in spite of its ability to take up and store Ca2+ in mitochondria, and the anoxia-resistant Drosophila melanogaster displays a low-conductance, selective Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channel rather than a PTP. In mammals, the PT provides a mechanism for the release of cytochrome c and other proapoptotic proteins and mediates various forms of cell death. In this review, we cover the features of the PT (or lack thereof) in mammals, yeast, Drosophila melanogaster, Artemia franciscana and Caenorhabditis elegans, and we discuss the presence of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and of other forms of cell death. We hope that this exercise may help elucidate the function(s) of the PT and its possible role in evolution and inspire further tests to define its molecular nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Frigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Ludovica Tommasin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
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2
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Carraro M, Bernardi P. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore in Ca 2+ homeostasis. Cell Calcium 2023; 111:102719. [PMID: 36963206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (PTP) can be defined as a Ca2+ activated mega-channel involved in mitochondrial damage and cell death, making its inhibition a hallmark for therapeutic purposes in many PTP-related paradigms. Although long-lasting PTP openings have been widely studied, the physiological implications of transient openings (also called "flickering" behavior) are still poorly understood. The flickering activity was suggested to play a role in the regulation of Ca2+ and ROS homeostasis, and yet this hypothesis did not reach general consensus. This state of affairs might arise from the lack of unquestionable experimental evidence, due to limitations of the available techniques for capturing transient PTP activity and to a still partial understanding of its molecular identity. In this review we will focus on possible implications of the PTP in physiology, in particular its role as a Ca2+ release pathway, discussing the consequences of its forced inhibition. We will also consider the recent hypothesis of the existence of more permeability pathways and their potential involvement in mitochondrial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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3
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Rodrigues-Ferreira C, Lopes JA, Carneiro PF, Dos Santos Lessa C, Galina A, Vieyra A. Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Restore Normal Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Handling and Ca 2+-Induced Depolarization of the Internal Mitochondrial Membrane by Inhibiting the Permeability Transition Pore After Ischemia/Reperfusion. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221085883. [PMID: 35343271 PMCID: PMC8958683 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221085883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury due to ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) is a severe clinical condition with high death rates. IR affects the proximal tubule segments due to their predominantly oxidative metabolism and profoundly altered mitochondrial functions. We previously described the impact of IR on oxygen consumption, the generation of membrane potential (ΔΨ), and formation of reactive oxygen species, together with inflammatory and structural alterations. We also demonstrated the benefits of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) administration in these alterations. The objective of the present study has been to investigate the effect of IR and the influence of BMMC on the mechanisms of Ca2+ handling in mitochondria of the proximal tubule cells. IR inhibited the rapid accumulation of Ca2+ (Ca2+ green fluorescence assays) and induced the opening of the cyclosporine A-sensitive permeability transition pore (PTP), alterations prevented by BMMC. IR accelerated Ca2+-induced decrease of ΔΨ (Safranin O fluorescence assays), as evidenced by decreased requirement for Ca2+ load and t1/2 for complete depolarization. Addition of BMMC and ADP recovered the normal depolarization profile, suggesting that stabilization of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) in a conformation that inhibits PTP opening offers a partial defense mechanism against IR injury. Moreover, as ANT forms a complex with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in the outer mitochondrial membrane, it is possible that this complex is also a target for IR injury—thus favoring Ca2+ release, as well as the supramolecular structure that BMMC protects. These beneficial effects are accompanied by a stimulus of the citric acid cycle—which feed the mitochondrial complexes with the electrons removed from different substrates—as the result of accentuated stimulus of citrate synthase activity by BMMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rodrigues-Ferreira
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Roberto Alcântara Gomes Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jarlene Alécia Lopes
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Fonseca Carneiro
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos Lessa
- Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Translational Biomedicine, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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4
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Song J, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang C, Chen L. Glutamate Metabolism in Mitochondria is Closely Related to Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:557-578. [PMID: 34602474 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its excitatory neurotoxicity is closely related to the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease. However, increasing evidence shows that in the process of Alzheimer's disease, glutamate is not only limited to its excitotoxicity as a neurotransmitter but also related to the disorder of its metabolic balance. The balance of glutamate metabolism in the brain is an important determinant of central nervous system health, and the maintenance of this balance is closely related to glutamate uptake, glutamate circulation, intracellular mitochondrial transport, and mitochondrial metabolism. In this paper, we intend to elaborate the key role of mitochondrial glutamate metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and review glutamate metabolism in mitochondria as a potential target in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Cadre's Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Cadre's Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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5
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Midazolam's Effects on Delayed-Rectifier K + Current and Intermediate-Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channel in Jurkat T-lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137198. [PMID: 34281255 PMCID: PMC8267671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Midazolam (MDZ) could affect lymphocyte immune functions. However, the influence of MDZ on cell’s K+ currents has never been investigated. Thus, in the present study, the effects of MDZ on Jurkat T lymphocytes were studied using the patch-clamp technique. Results showed that MDZ suppressed the amplitude of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) in concentration-, time-, and state-dependent manners. The IC50 for MDZ-mediated reduction of IK(DR) density was 5.87 μM. Increasing MDZ concentration raised the rate of current-density inactivation and its inhibitory action on IK(DR) density was estimated with a dissociation constant of 5.14 μM. In addition, the inactivation curve of IK(DR) associated with MDZ was shifted to a hyperpolarized potential with no change on the slope factor. MDZ-induced inhibition of IK(DR) was not reversed by flumazenil. In addition, the activity of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (IKCa) channels was suppressed by MDZ. Furthermore, inhibition by MDZ on both IK(DR) and IKCa-channel activity appeared to be independent from GABAA receptors and affected immune-regulating cytokine expression in LPS/PMA-treated human T lymphocytes. In conclusion, MDZ suppressed current density of IK(DR) in concentration-, time-, and state-dependent manners in Jurkat T-lymphocytes and affected immune-regulating cytokine expression in LPS/PMA-treated human T lymphocytes.
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6
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Ca 2+ Dyshomeostasis Disrupts Neuronal and Synaptic Function in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122655. [PMID: 33321866 PMCID: PMC7763805 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ homeostasis is essential for multiple neuronal functions and thus, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis can lead to widespread impairment of cellular and synaptic signaling, subsequently contributing to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While numerous studies implicate Ca2+ mishandling in AD, the cellular basis for loss of cognitive function remains under investigation. The process of synaptic degradation and degeneration in AD is slow, and constitutes a series of maladaptive processes each contributing to a further destabilization of the Ca2+ homeostatic machinery. Ca2+ homeostasis involves precise maintenance of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, despite extracellular influx via multiple synaptic Ca2+ channels, and intracellular release via organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via ryanodine receptor (RyRs) and IP3R, lysosomes via transient receptor potential mucolipin channel (TRPML) and two pore channel (TPC), and mitochondria via the permeability transition pore (PTP). Furthermore, functioning of these organelles relies upon regulated inter-organelle Ca2+ handling, with aberrant signaling resulting in synaptic dysfunction, protein mishandling, oxidative stress and defective bioenergetics, among other consequences consistent with AD. With few effective treatments currently available to mitigate AD, the past few years have seen a significant increase in the study of synaptic and cellular mechanisms as drivers of AD, including Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. Here, we detail some key findings and discuss implications for future AD treatments.
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7
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Actions of FTY720 (Fingolimod), a Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator, on Delayed-Rectifier K + Current and Intermediate-Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channel in Jurkat T-Lymphocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194525. [PMID: 33023219 PMCID: PMC7582672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
FTY720 (fingolimod), a modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, is known to produce the immunomodulatory actions and to be beneficial for treating the relapsing multiple sclerosis. However, whether it exerts any effects on membrane ion currents in immune cells remains largely unknown. Herein, the effects of FTY720 on ionic currents in Jurkat T-lymphocytes were investigated. Cell exposure to FTY720 suppressed the amplitude of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 1.51 μM. Increasing the FTY720 concentration not only decreased the IK(DR) amplitude but also accelerated the inactivation time course of the current. By using the minimal reaction scheme, the effect of FTY720 on IK(DR) inactivation was estimated with a dissociation constant of 3.14 μM. FTY720 also shifted the inactivation curve of IK(DR) to a hyperpolarized potential with no change in the slope factor, and recovery from IK(DR) became slow during the exposure to this compound. Cumulative inactivation for IK(DR) in response to repetitive depolarizations was enhanced in the presence of FTY720. In SEW2871-treated cells, FTY720-induced inhibition of IK(DR) was attenuated. This compound also exerted a stimulatory action on the activity of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in Jurkat T-lymphocytes. However, in NSC-34 neuronal cells, FTY720 did not modify the inactivation kinetics of KV3.1-encoded IK(DR), although it suppressed IK(DR) amplitude in these cells. Collectively, the perturbations by FTY720 on different types of K+ channels may contribute to the functional activities of immune cells, if similar findings appear in vivo.
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8
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Zhai K, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Calcium Entry through TRPV1: A Potential Target for the Regulation of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Cancerous and Healthy Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4177. [PMID: 32545311 PMCID: PMC7312732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a key determinant of cell fate and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Membrane ion channels are structures through which ions enter or exit the cell, depending on the driving forces. The opening of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ligand-gated ion channels facilitates transmembrane Ca2+ and Na+ entry, which modifies the delicate balance between apoptotic and proliferative signaling pathways. Proliferation is upregulated through two mechanisms: (1) ATP binding to the G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y2, commencing a kinase signaling cascade that activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt, and (2) the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to a series of protein signals that activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. The TRPV1-apoptosis pathway involves Ca2+ influx and efflux between the cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from the mitochondria, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation and condensation. While proliferative mechanisms are typically upregulated in cancerous tissues, shifting the balance to favor apoptosis could support anti-cancer therapies. TRPV1, through [Ca2+]i signaling, influences cancer cell fate; therefore, the modulation of the TRPV1-enforced proliferation-apoptosis balance is a promising avenue in developing anti-cancer therapies and overcoming cancer drug resistance. As such, this review characterizes and evaluates the role of TRPV1 in cell death and survival, in the interest of identifying mechanistic targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, PO Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, PO Box 24144, Qatar;
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9
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Lee AR, Seo MJ, Kim J, Lee DM, Kim IY, Yoon MJ, Hoon H, Choi KS. Lercanidipine Synergistically Enhances Bortezomib Cytotoxicity in Cancer Cells via Enhanced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Overload. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246112. [PMID: 31817163 PMCID: PMC6941136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor (PI), bortezomib (Btz), is effective in treating multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, but not solid tumors. In this study, we show for the first time that lercanidipine (Ler), an antihypertensive drug, enhances the cytotoxicity of various PIs, including Btz, carfilzomib, and ixazomib, in many solid tumor cell lines by inducing paraptosis, which is accompanied by severe vacuolation derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. We found that Ler potentiates Btz-mediated ER stress and ER dilation, possibly due to misfolded protein accumulation, in MDA-MB 435S cells. In addition, the combination of Btz and Ler triggers mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, critically contributing to mitochondrial dilation and subsequent paraptotic events, including mitochondrial membrane potential loss and ER dilation. Taken together, our results suggest that a combined regimen of PI and Ler may effectively kill cancer cells via structural and functional perturbations of the ER and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reum Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (A.R.L.); (M.J.S.); (J.K.); (D.M.L.); (I.Y.K.); (M.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Min Ji Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (A.R.L.); (M.J.S.); (J.K.); (D.M.L.); (I.Y.K.); (M.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (A.R.L.); (M.J.S.); (J.K.); (D.M.L.); (I.Y.K.); (M.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Dong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (A.R.L.); (M.J.S.); (J.K.); (D.M.L.); (I.Y.K.); (M.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (A.R.L.); (M.J.S.); (J.K.); (D.M.L.); (I.Y.K.); (M.J.Y.)
| | - Mi Jin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (A.R.L.); (M.J.S.); (J.K.); (D.M.L.); (I.Y.K.); (M.J.Y.)
| | - Hur Hoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (A.R.L.); (M.J.S.); (J.K.); (D.M.L.); (I.Y.K.); (M.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-4552, Fax: +82-31-219-5059
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10
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Alassaf M, Daykin EC, Mathiaparanam J, Wolman MA. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-aa supports hair cell survival by regulating mitochondrial function. eLife 2019; 8:47061. [PMID: 31205004 PMCID: PMC6594750 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To support cell survival, mitochondria must balance energy production with oxidative stress. Inner ear hair cells are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress; thus require tight mitochondrial regulation. We identified a novel molecular regulator of the hair cells’ mitochondria and survival: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-aa (Pappaa). Hair cells in zebrafish pappaa mutants exhibit mitochondrial defects, including elevated mitochondrial calcium, transmembrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced antioxidant expression. In pappaa mutants, hair cell death is enhanced by stimulation of mitochondrial calcium or ROS production and suppressed by a mitochondrial ROS scavenger. As a secreted metalloprotease, Pappaa stimulates extracellular insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) bioavailability. We found that the pappaa mutants’ enhanced hair cell loss can be suppressed by stimulation of IGF1 availability and that Pappaa-IGF1 signaling acts post-developmentally to support hair cell survival. These results reveal Pappaa as an extracellular regulator of hair cell survival and essential mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mroj Alassaf
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - Emily C Daykin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - Jaffna Mathiaparanam
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - Marc A Wolman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
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11
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Mustaly-Kalimi S, Littlefield AM, Stutzmann GE. Calcium Signaling Deficits in Glia and Autophagic Pathways Contributing to Neurodegenerative Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1158-1175. [PMID: 29634342 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Numerous cellular processes and signaling mechanisms have been identified that contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology; however, a comprehensive or unifying pathway that binds together the major disease features remains elusive. As an upstream mechanism, altered calcium (Ca2+) signaling is a common driving force for many pathophysiological events that emerge during normal aging and development of neurodegenerative disease. Recent Advances: Over the previous three decades, accumulated evidence has validated the concept that intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation is centrally involved in AD pathogenesis, including the aggregation of pathogenic β-amyloid (Aβ) and phospho-τ species, synapse loss and dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and neurotoxicity. CRITICAL ISSUES Although neuronal Ca2+ signaling within the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been well studied, other critical central nervous system-resident cell types affected by aberrant Ca2+ signaling, such as astrocytes and microglia, have not been considered as thoroughly. In addition, certain intracellular Ca2+-harboring organelles have been well studied, such as the ER and mitochondria; however other critical Ca2+-regulated organelles, such as lysosomes and autophagosomes, have only more recently been investigated. In this review, we examine Ca2+ dysregulation in microglia and astrocytes, as well as key intracellular organelles important for cellular maintenance and protein handling. Ca2+ dysregulation within these non-neuronal cells and organelles is hypothesized to disrupt the effective clearance of misaggregated proteins and cellular signaling pathways needed for memory networks. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Overall, we aim to explore how these disrupted mechanisms could be involved in AD pathology and consider their role as potential therapeutic targets. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 1158-1175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mustaly-Kalimi
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alyssa M Littlefield
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Elkamhawy A, Park JE, Hassan AHE, Pae AN, Lee J, Park BG, Roh EJ. Synthesis and evaluation of 2-(3-arylureido)pyridines and 2-(3-arylureido)pyrazines as potential modulators of Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:529-543. [PMID: 29288949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-(3-arylureido)pyridines and 2-(3-benzylureido)pyridines were synthesized and evaluated as potential modulators for amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The blocking activities of forty one small molecules against Aβ-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were evaluated by JC-1 assay which measures the change of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The inhibitory activity of twenty five compounds against Aβ-induced mPTP opening was superior to that of the standard cyclosporin A (CsA). Six hit compounds have been identified as likely safe in regards to mitochondrial and cellular safety and subjected to assessment for their protective effect against Aβ-induced deterioration of ATP production and cytotoxicity. Among them, compound 7fb has been identified as a lead compound protecting neuronal cells against 67% of neurocytotoxicity and 43% of suppression of mitochondrial ATP production induced by 5 μM concentrations of Aβ. Using CDocker algorithm, a molecular docking model presented a plausible binding mode for these compounds with cyclophilin D (CypD) receptor as a major component of mPTP. Hence, this report presents compound 7fb as a new nonpeptidyl mPTP blocker which would be promising for further development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Beoung-Geon Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Park JE, Elkamhawy A, Hassan AHE, Pae AN, Lee J, Paik S, Park BG, Roh EJ. Synthesis and evaluation of new pyridyl/pyrazinyl thiourea derivatives: Neuroprotection against amyloid-β-induced toxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:322-334. [PMID: 29031076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report synthesis and evaluation of new twenty six small molecules against β amyloid (Aβ)-induced opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) using JC-1 assay which measures the change of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The neuroprotective effect of seventeen compounds against Aβ-induced mPTP opening was superior to that of the standard Cyclosporin A (CsA). Fifteen derivatives eliciting increased green to red fluorescence percentage less than 40.0% were evaluated for their impact on ATP production, cell viability and neuroprotection against Aβ-induced neuronal cell death. Among evaluated compounds, derivatives 9w, 9r and 9k had safe profile regarding ATP production and cell viability. In addition, they exhibited significant neuroprotection (69.3, 51.8 and 48.2% respectively). Molecular modeling study using CDocker algorithm predicted plausible binding modes explaining the elicited mPTP blocking activity. Hence, this study suggests compounds 9w, 9r and 9k as leads for further development of novel therapy to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nonopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-732, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Paik
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Beoung-Geon Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Bezerra AG, Negri G, Duarte-Almeida JM, Smaili SS, Carlini EA. Phytochemical analysis of hydroethanolic extract of Turnera diffusa Willd and evaluation of its effects on astrocyte cell death. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 14:56-63. [PMID: 27074236 PMCID: PMC4872919 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the phytochemical composition of hydroethanolic extracts from powdered aerial parts of Turnera diffusa Willd (Turneraceae; T. diffusa), as well as its toxicity in astrocytes. METHODS Chemical analyses of hydroethanolic extract from powdered aerial parts ofT. diffusa were carried out using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS.In vitro assays using astrocytes culture were performed to evaluate cell death. RESULTS Flavone-C, O-diglycosides, such as, luteolin-8-C-[6-deoxy-2-O-rhamnosyl]-xylo-hexos-3-uloside, apigenin-8-C-[6-deoxy-2-O-rhamnosyl]-xylo-hexos-3-uloside and apigenin-7-O-6"-p-coumaroylglucoside were the main compounds found in this hydroethanolic extract. Concentration time-effect demonstrated the toxicity of this extract at a concentration of 1,000µg/mL in astrocyte culture, after 6 and 24 hours of incubation. CONCLUSION In phytochemical analyses, important antioxidants (mainly flavonoids) were observed. T. diffusa extracts presented cytotoxic effect in high concentrations, leading to increased cell death in astrocyte culture.
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15
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Morais ICO, Pereira GJS, Orzáez M, Jorge RJB, Bincoletto C, Toyama MH, Monteiro HSA, Smaili SS, Pérez-Payá E, Martins AMC. L-Aminoacid Oxidase from Bothrops leucurus Venom Induces Nephrotoxicity via Apoptosis and Necrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132569. [PMID: 26193352 PMCID: PMC4508040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute renal failure is a common complication caused by Bothrops viper envenomation. In this study, the nefrotoxicity of a main component of B. leucurus venom called L-aminoacid oxidase (LAAO-Bl) was evaluated by using tubular epithelial cell lines MDCK and HK-2 and perfused kidney from rats. LAAO-Bl exhibited cytotoxicity, inducing apoptosis and necrosis in MDCK and HK-2 cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. MDCK apoptosis induction was accompanied by Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial dysfunction with enhanced expression of Bax protein levels. LAAO-Bl induced caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation in both cell lines. LAAO-Bl (10 μg/mL) exerts significant effects on the isolated kidney perfusion increasing perfusion pressure and urinary flow and decreasing the glomerular filtration rate and sodium, potassium and chloride tubular transport. Taken together our results suggest that LAAO-Bl is responsible for the nephrotoxicity observed in the envenomation by snakebites. Moreover, the cytotoxic of LAAO-Bl to renal epithelial cells might be responsible, at least in part, for the nephrotoxicity observed in isolated kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C. O. Morais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J. S. Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Orzáez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberta J. B. Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos H. Toyama
- São Vicente Unit, Paulista Coastal Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena S. A. Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Soraya S. Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enrique Pérez-Payá
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alice M. C. Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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16
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Yeste M, Fernández-Novell JM, Ramió-Lluch L, Estrada E, Rocha LG, Cebrián-Pérez JA, Muiño-Blanco T, Concha II, Ramírez A, Rodríguez-Gil JE. Intracellular calcium movements of boar spermatozoa during 'in vitro' capacitation and subsequent acrosome exocytosis follow a multiple-storage place, extracellular calcium-dependent model. Andrology 2015; 3:729-47. [PMID: 26097097 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This work analysed intracellular calcium stores of boar spermatozoa subjected to 'in vitro' capacitation (IVC) and subsequent progesterone-induced acrosome exocytosis (IVAE). Intracellular calcium was analysed through two calcium markers with different physico-chemical properties, Fluo-3 and Rhod-5N. Indicative parameters of IVC and IVAE were also evaluated. Fluo-3 was located at both the midpiece and the whole head. Rhod-5N was present at the sperm head. This distribution did not change in any of the assayed conditions. Induction of IVC was concomitant with an increase in both head and midpiece Ca(2+) signals. Additionally, while IVC induction was concurrent with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in sperm membrane permeability, no significant changes were observed in O2 consumption and ATP levels. Incubation of boar spermatozoa in the absence of calcium showed a loss of both Ca(2+) labellings concomitantly with the sperm's inability to achieve IVC. The absence of extracellular calcium also induced a severe decrease in the percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting high mitochondrial membrane potential (hMMP). The IVAE was accompanied by a fast increase in both Ca(2+) signalling in control spermatozoa. These peaks were either not detected or much lessened in the absence of calcium. Remarkably, Fluo-3 marking at the midpiece increased after progesterone addition to sperm cells incubated in a medium without Ca(2+) . The simultaneous addition of progesterone with the calcium chelant EGTA inhibited IVAE, and this was accompanied by a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the intensity of progesterone Ca(2+) -induced peak, O2 consumption and ATP levels. Our results suggest that boar spermatozoa present different calcium deposits with a dynamic equilibrium among them and with the extracellular environment. Additionally, the modulation role of the intracellular calcium in spermatozoa function seems to rely on its precise localization in boar spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yeste
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.,Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J M Fernández-Novell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Ramió-Lluch
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - E Estrada
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - L G Rocha
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - J A Cebrián-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, IUCA, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza-IUCA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - T Muiño-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, IUCA, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza-IUCA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I I Concha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology and Institute of Animal Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Ramírez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology and Institute of Animal Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J E Rodríguez-Gil
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Abstract
Mechanosensory hair cells are vulnerable to environmental insult, resulting in hearing and balance disorders. We demonstrate that directional compartmental flow of intracellular Ca(2+) underlies death in zebrafish lateral line hair cells after exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics, a well characterized hair cell toxin. Ca(2+) is mobilized from the ER and transferred to mitochondria via IP3 channels with little cytoplasmic leakage. Pharmacological agents that shunt ER-derived Ca(2+) directly to cytoplasm mitigate toxicity, indicating that high cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels alone are not cytotoxic. Inhibition of the mitochondrial transition pore sensitizes hair cells to the toxic effects of aminoglycosides, contrasting with current models of excitotoxicity. Hair cells display efficient ER-mitochondrial Ca(2+) flow, suggesting that tight coupling of these organelles drives mitochondrial activity under physiological conditions at the cost of increased susceptibility to toxins.
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18
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Mello CP, Morais IC, Menezes RR, Pereira GJ, Torres AF, Lima DB, Pereira TP, Toyama MH, Monteiro HS, Smaili SS, Martins AM. Bothropoides insularis venom cytotoxicity in renal tubular epithelia cells. Toxicon 2014; 88:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Ureshino RP, Rocha KK, Lopes GS, Bincoletto C, Smaili SS. Calcium signaling alterations, oxidative stress, and autophagy in aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:123-37. [PMID: 24512092 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Aging is a multi-factorial process that may be associated with several functional and structural deficits which can evolve into degenerative diseases. In this review, we present data that may depict an expanded view of molecular aging theories, beginning with the idea that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major effectors in this process. In addition, we have correlated the importance of autophagy as a neuroprotective mechanism and discussed a link between age-related molecules, Ca(2+) signaling, and oxidative stress. RECENT ADVANCES There is evidence suggesting that alterations in Ca(2+) homeostasis, including mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload and alterations in electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, which increase cell vulnerability, are linked to oxidative stress in aging. As much as Ca(2+) signaling is altered in aged cells, excess ROS can be produced due to an ineffective coupling of mitochondrial respiration. Damaged mitochondria might not be removed by the macroautophagic system, which is hampered in aging by lipofuscin accumulation, boosting ROS generation, damaging DNA, and, ultimately, leading to apoptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES This process can lead to altered protein expression (such as p53, Sirt1, and IGF-1) and progress to cell death. This cycle can lead to increased cell vulnerability in aging and contribute to an increased susceptibility to degenerative processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding of Ca(2+) signaling and molecular aging alterations is important for preventing apoptosis in age-related diseases. In addition, caloric restriction, resveratrol and autophagy modulation appear to be predominantly cytoprotective, and further studies of this process are promising in age-related disease therapeutics.
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De Marchi E, Bonora M, Giorgi C, Pinton P. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore is a dispensable element for mitochondrial calcium efflux. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:1-13. [PMID: 24755650 PMCID: PMC4074345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) has long been known to have a role in mitochondrial calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis under pathological conditions as a mediator of the mitochondrial permeability transition and the activation of the consequent cell death mechanism. However, its role in the context of mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis is not yet clear. Several studies that were based on PPIF inhibition or knock out suggested that mPTP is involved in the Ca(2+) efflux mechanism, while other observations have revealed the opposite result. The c subunit of the mitochondrial F1/FO ATP synthase has been recently found to be a fundamental component of the mPTP. In this work, we focused on the contribution of the mPTP in the Ca(2+) efflux mechanism by modulating the expression of the c subunit. We observed that forcing mPTP opening or closing did not impair mitochondrial Ca(2+) efflux. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that the mPTP does not participate in mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis in a physiological context in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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21
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Diversity of mitochondrial Ca²⁺ signaling in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes: evidence from a genetically directed Ca²⁺ probe, mitycam-E31Q. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:133-46. [PMID: 24994483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
I(Ca)-gated Ca(2+) release (CICR) from the cardiac SR is the main mechanism mediating the rise of cytosolic Ca(2+), but the extent to which mitochondria contribute to the overall Ca(2+) signaling remains controversial. To examine the possible role of mitochondria in Ca(2+) signaling, we developed a low affinity mitochondrial Ca(2+) probe, mitycam-E31Q (300-500 MOI, 48-72h) and used it in conjunction with Fura-2AM to obtain simultaneous TIRF images of mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca(2+) in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Mitycam-E31Q staining of adult feline cardiomyocytes showed the typical mitochondrial longitudinal fluorescent bandings similar to that of TMRE staining, while neonatal rat cardiomyocytes had a disorganized tubular or punctuate appearance. Caffeine puffs produced rapid increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) while simultaneously measured global mitycam-E31Q signals decreased more slowly (increased mitochondrial Ca(2+)) before decaying to baseline levels. Similar, but oscillating mitycam-E31Q signals were seen in spontaneously pacing cells. Withdrawal of Na(+) increased global cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) signals in one population of mitochondria, but unexpectedly decreased it (release of Ca(2+)) in another mitochondrial population. Such mitochondrial Ca(2+) release signals were seen not only during long lasting Na(+) withdrawal, but also when Ca(2+) loaded cells were exposed to caffeine-puffs, and during spontaneous rhythmic beating. Thus, mitochondrial Ca(2+) transients appear to activate with a delay following the cytosolic rise of Ca(2+) and show diversity in subpopulations of mitochondria that could contribute to the plasticity of mitochondrial Ca(2+) signaling.
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22
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Pierno S, Tricarico D, Liantonio A, Mele A, Digennaro C, Rolland JF, Bianco G, Villanova L, Merendino A, Camerino GM, De Luca A, Desaphy JF, Camerino DC. An olive oil-derived antioxidant mixture ameliorates the age-related decline of skeletal muscle function. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:73-88. [PMID: 23716142 PMCID: PMC3889891 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Age-related skeletal muscle decline is characterized by the modification of sarcolemma ion channels important to sustain fiber excitability and to prevent metabolic dysfunction. Also, calcium homeostasis and contractile function are impaired. In the aim to understand whether these modifications are related to oxidative damage and can be reverted by antioxidant treatment, we examined the effects of in vivo treatment with an waste water polyphenolic mixture (LACHI MIX HT) supplied by LACHIFARMA S.r.l. Italy containing hydroxytirosol (HT), gallic acid, and homovanillic acid on the skeletal muscles of 27-month-old rats. After 6-week treatment, we found an improvement of chloride ClC-1 channel conductance, pivotal for membrane electrical stability, and of ATP-dependent potassium channel activity, important in coupling excitability with fiber metabolism. Both of them were analyzed using electrophysiological techniques. The treatment also restored the resting cytosolic calcium concentration, the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release, and the mechanical threshold for contraction, an index of excitation-contraction coupling mechanism. Muscle weight and blood creatine kinase levels were preserved in LACHI MIX HT-treated aged rats. The antioxidant activity of LACHI MIX HT was confirmed by the reduction of malondialdehyde levels in the brain of the LACHI MIX HT-treated aged rats. In comparison, the administration of purified HT was less effective on all the parameters studied. Although muscle function was not completely recovered, the present study provides evidence of the beneficial effects of LACHI MIX HT, a natural compound, to ameliorate skeletal muscle functional decline due to aging-associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabata Pierno
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4-campus, 70125, Bari, Italy,
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23
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Pereira GJS, Tressoldi N, Hirata H, Bincoletto C, Smaili SS. Autophagy as a Neuroprotective Mechanism Against 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Murine Astrocyte Cell Death. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2418-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Melachroinou K, Xilouri M, Emmanouilidou E, Masgrau R, Papazafiri P, Stefanis L, Vekrellis K. Deregulation of calcium homeostasis mediates secreted α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2853-65. [PMID: 23891486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (AS) plays a crucial role in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. AS is normally secreted from neuronal cells and can thus exert paracrine effects. We have previously demonstrated that naturally secreted AS species, derived from SH-SY5Y cells inducibly overexpressing human wild type AS, can be toxic to recipient neuronal cells. In the current study, we show that application of secreted AS alters membrane fluidity and increases calcium (Ca2+) entry. This influx is reduced on pharmacological inhibition of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. Although no change in free cytosolic Ca2+ levels is observed, a significantly increased mitochondrial Ca2+ sequestration is found in recipient cells. Application of voltage-operated Ca2+ channel blockers or Ca2+ chelators abolishes AS-mediated toxicity. AS-treated cells exhibit increased calpain activation, and calpain inhibition greatly alleviates the observed toxicity. Collectively, our data suggest that secreted AS exerts toxicity through engagement, at least in part, of the Ca2+ homeostatic machinery. Therefore, manipulating Ca2+ signaling pathways might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Melachroinou
- Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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25
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De Giusti VC, Caldiz CI, Ennis IL, Pérez NG, Cingolani HE, Aiello EA. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signaling molecules of intracellular pathways triggered by the cardiac renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system (RAAS). Front Physiol 2013; 4:126. [PMID: 23755021 PMCID: PMC3667248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria represent major sources of basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of the cardiomyocyte. The role of ROS as signaling molecules that mediate different intracellular pathways has gained increasing interest among physiologists in the last years. In our lab, we have been studying the participation of mitochondrial ROS in the intracellular pathways triggered by the renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the myocardium during the past few years. We have demonstrated that acute activation of cardiac RAAS induces mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel (mitoKATP) opening with the consequent enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS. These oxidant molecules, in turn, activate membrane transporters, as sodium/hydrogen exchanger (NHE-1) and sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) via the stimulation of the ROS-sensitive MAPK cascade. The stimulation of such effectors leads to an increase in cardiac contractility. In addition, it is feasible to suggest that a sustained enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS induced by chronic cardiac RAAS, and hence, chronic NHE-1 and NBC stimulation, would also result in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C De Giusti
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET La Plata, Argentina
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26
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de Morais ICO, Torres AFC, Pereira GJDS, Pereira TP, Pessoa Bezerra de Menezes RRDP, Mello CP, Coelho Jorge AR, Bindá AH, Toyama MH, Monteiro HSA, Smaili SS, Martins AMC. Bothrops leucurus venom induces nephrotoxicity in the isolated perfused kidney and cultured renal tubular epithelia. Toxicon 2012; 61:38-46. [PMID: 23127898 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bites from snake (Bothrops genus) cause local tissue damage and systemic complications, which include alterations such as hemostatic system and acute renal failure (ARF). Recent studies suggest that ARF pathogenesis in snakebite envenomation is multifactorial and involves hemodynamic disturbances, immunologic reactions and direct nephrotoxicity. The aim of the work was to investigate the effects of the Bothrops leucurus venom (BlV) in the renal perfusion system and in cultured renal tubular cells of the type MDCK (Madin-Darby Canine kidney). BlV (10 μg/mL) reduced the perfusion pressure at 90 and 120 min. The renal vascular resistance (RVR) decreased at 120 min of perfusion. The effect on urinary flow (UF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) started 30 min after BlV infusion, was transient and returned to normal at 120 min of perfusion. It was also observed a decrease on percentual tubular transport of sodium (%TNa(+)) at 120 min and of chloride (%TCl(-)) at 60 and 90 min. The treatment with BlV caused decrease in cell viability to the lowest concentration tested with an IC(50) of 1.25 μg/mL. Flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide showed that cell death occurred predominantly by necrosis. However, a cell death process may involve apoptosis in lower concentrations. BlV treatment (1.25 μg/mL) led to significant depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and, indeed, we found an increase in the expression of cell death genes in the lower concentrations tested. The venom also evoked an increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) in a concentration dependent manner, indicating that Ca(2+) may participate in the venom of B. leucurus effect. The characterization of the effects in the isolated kidney and renal tubular cells gives strong evidences that the acute renal failure induced by this venom is a result of the direct nephrotoxicity which may involve the cell death mechanism.
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Mitochondrial involvement in carbachol-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and contraction in rat gastric smooth muscle. Life Sci 2011; 89:757-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hirata H, Lopes GS, Jurkiewicz A, Garcez-do-Carmo L, Smaili SS. Bcl-2 Modulates Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Calcium Stores in PC12 Cells. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:238-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pietilä M, Palomäki S, Lehtonen S, Ritamo I, Valmu L, Nystedt J, Laitinen S, Leskelä HV, Sormunen R, Pesälä J, Nordström K, Vepsäläinen A, Lehenkari P. Mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in umbilical cord blood- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:575-88. [PMID: 21615273 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are an attractive choice for a variety of cellular therapies. hMSCs can be isolated from many different tissues and possess unique mitochondrial properties that can be used to determine their differentiation potential. Mitochondrial properties may possibly be used as a quality measure of hMSC-based products. Accordingly, the present work focuses on the mitochondrial function of hMSCs from umbilical cord blood (UCBMSC) cells and bone marrow cells from donors younger than 18 years of age (BMMSC <18) and those more than 50 years of age (BMMSC >50). Changes of ultrastructure and energy metabolism during osteogenic differentiation in all hMSC types were studied in detail. Results show that despite similar surface antigen characteristics, the UCBMSCs had smaller cell surface area and possessed more abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum than BMMSC >50. BMMSC <18 were morphologically more UCBMSC-like. UCBMSC showed dramatically higher mitochondrial-to-cytoplasm area ratio and elevated superoxide and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) levels as compared with BMMSC >50 and BMMSC <18. All hMSCs types showed changes indicative of mitochondrial activation after 2 weeks of osteogenic differentiation, and the increase in mitochondrial-to-cytoplasm area ratio appears to be one of the first steps in the differentiation process. However, BMMSC >50 showed a lower level of mitochondrial maturation and differentiation capacity. UCBMSCs and BMMSCs also showed a different pattern of exocytosed proteins and glycoproteoglycansins. These results indicate that hMSCs with similar cell surface antigen expression have different mitochondrial and functional properties, suggesting different maturation levels and other significant biological variations of the hMSCs. Therefore, it appears that mitochondrial analysis presents useful characterization criteria for hMSCs intended for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Pietilä
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Pereira GJS, Hirata H, Fimia GM, do Carmo LG, Bincoletto C, Han SW, Stilhano RS, Ureshino RP, Bloor-Young D, Churchill G, Piacentini M, Patel S, Smaili SS. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) regulates autophagy in cultured astrocytes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:27875-81. [PMID: 21610076 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c110.216580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a potent Ca(2+)-mobilizing messenger that in many cells releases Ca(2+) from the endolysosomal system. Recent studies have shown that NAADP-induced Ca(2+) mobilization is mediated by the two-pore channels (TPCs). Whether NAADP acts as a messenger in astrocytes is unclear, and downstream functional consequences have yet to be defined. Here, we show that intracellular delivery of NAADP evokes Ca(2+) signals from acidic organelles in rat astrocytes and that these signals are potentiated upon overexpression of TPCs. We also show that NAADP increases acidic vesicular organelle formation and levels of the autophagic markers, LC3II and beclin-1. NAADP-mediated increases in LC3II levels were reduced in cells expressing a dominant-negative TPC2 construct. Our data provide evidence that NAADP-evoked Ca(2+) signals mediated by TPCs regulate autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo J S Pereira
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04044-020, Brazil
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Camara AKS, Bienengraeber M, Stowe DF. Mitochondrial approaches to protect against cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury. Front Physiol 2011; 2:13. [PMID: 21559063 PMCID: PMC3082167 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is a vital component in cellular energy metabolism and intracellular signaling processes. Mitochondria are involved in a myriad of complex signaling cascades regulating cell death vs. survival. Importantly, mitochondrial dysfunction and the resulting oxidative and nitrosative stress are central in the pathogenesis of numerous human maladies including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and retinal diseases, many of which are related. This review will examine the emerging understanding of the role of mitochondria in the etiology and progression of cardiovascular diseases and will explore potential therapeutic benefits of targeting the organelle in attenuating the disease process. Indeed, recent advances in mitochondrial biology have led to selective targeting of drugs designed to modulate or manipulate mitochondrial function, to the use of light therapy directed to the mitochondrial function, and to modification of the mitochondrial genome for potential therapeutic benefit. The approach to rationally treat mitochondrial dysfunction could lead to more effective interventions in cardiovascular diseases that to date have remained elusive. The central premise of this review is that if mitochondrial abnormalities contribute to the etiology of cardiovascular diseases (e.g., ischemic heart disease), alleviating the mitochondrial dysfunction will contribute to mitigating the severity or progression of the disease. To this end, this review will provide an overview of our current understanding of mitochondria function in cardiovascular diseases as well as the potential role for targeting mitochondria with potential drugs or other interventions that lead to protection against cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Rosenstock TR, Bertoncini CRA, Teles AV, Hirata H, Fernandes MJS, Smaili SS. Glutamate-induced alterations in Ca2+ signaling are modulated by mitochondrial Ca2+ handling capacity in brain slices of R6/1 transgenic mice. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 32:60-70. [PMID: 20608968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of CAGs repeats and characterized by alterations in mitochondrial functions. Although changes in Ca(2+) handling have been suggested, the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible alterations in Ca(2+) handling capacity and the relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction evaluated by NAD(P)H fluorescence, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) measurements and respiration in whole brain slices from R6/1 mice of different ages, evaluated in situ by real-time real-space microscopy. We show that the cortex and striatum of the 9-month-old R6/1 transgenic mice present a significant sustained increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) induced by glutamate (Glu). This difference in Glu response was partially reduced in R6/1 when in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), indicating that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors participation in this response is more important in transgenic mice. In addition, Glu also lead to a decrease in NAD(P)H fluorescence, a loss in DeltaPsi(m) and a further increase in respiration, which may have evoked a decrease in mitochondrial Ca(2+) Ca(2+)(m) uptake capacity. Taken together, these results show that alterations in Ca(2+) homeostasis in transgenic mice are associated with a decrease in Ca(2+)(m) uptake mechanism with a diminished Ca(2+) handling ability that ultimately causes dysfunctions and worsening of the neurodegenerative and the disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Rosenstock
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
The mitochondrion is the most important organelle in determining continued cell survival and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to many human maladies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. These mitochondria-related pathologies range from early infancy to senescence. The central premise of this review is that if mitochondrial abnormalities contribute to the pathological state, alleviating the mitochondrial dysfunction would contribute to attenuating the severity or progression of the disease. Therefore, this review will examine the role of mitochondria in the etiology and progression of several diseases and explore potential therapeutic benefits of targeting mitochondria in mitigating the disease processes. Indeed, recent advances in mitochondrial biology have led to selective targeting of drugs designed to modulate and manipulate mitochondrial function and genomics for therapeutic benefit. These approaches to treat mitochondrial dysfunction rationally could lead to selective protection of cells in different tissues and various disease states. However, most of these approaches are in their infancy.
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Ling Y, Zhang H, Liu P, Baluška F, Šamaj J, Lin J, Wang Q. Disruption of actin filaments induces mitochondrial Ca2+ release to the cytoplasm and [Ca2+]c changes in Arabidopsis root hairs. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:53. [PMID: 20334630 PMCID: PMC2923527 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that move along actin filaments, and serve as calcium stores in plant cells. The positioning and dynamics of mitochondria depend on membrane-cytoskeleton interactions, but it is not clear whether microfilament cytoskeleton has a direct effect on mitochondrial function and Ca2+ storage. Therefore, we designed a series of experiments to clarify the effects of actin filaments on mitochondrial Ca2+ storage, cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), and the interaction between mitochondrial Ca2+ and cytoplasmic Ca2+ in Arabidopsis root hairs. RESULTS In this study, we found that treatments with latrunculin B (Lat-B) and jasplakinolide (Jas), which depolymerize and polymerize actin filaments respectively, decreased membrane potential and Ca2+ stores in the mitochondria of Arabidopsis root hairs. Simultaneously, these treatments induced an instantaneous increase of cytoplasmic Ca2+, followed by a continuous decrease. All of these effects were inhibited by pretreatment with cyclosporin A (Cs A), a representative blocker of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Moreover, we found there was a Ca2+ concentration gradient in mitochondria from the tip to the base of the root hair, and this gradient could be disrupted by actin-acting drugs. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we concluded that the disruption of actin filaments caused by Lat-B or Jas promoted irreversible opening of the mPTP, resulting in mitochondrial Ca2+ release into the cytoplasm, and consequent changes in [Ca2+]c. We suggest that normal polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments are essential for mitochondrial Ca2+ storage in root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Ling
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 78301 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qinli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Smaili S, Hirata H, Ureshino R, Monteforte PT, Morales AP, Muler ML, Terashima J, Oseki K, Rosenstock TR, Lopes GS, Bincoletto C. Calcium and cell death signaling in neurodegeneration and aging. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2010; 81:467-75. [PMID: 19722016 DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652009000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient increase in cytosolic (Cac2+) and mitochondrial Ca2+ (Ca m2+) are essential elements in the control of many physiological processes. However, sustained increases in Ca c2+ and Ca m2+ may contribute to oxidative stress and cell death. Several events are related to the increase in Ca m2+, including regulation and activation of a number of Ca2+ dependent enzymes, such as phospholipases, proteases and nucleases. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) play pivotal roles in the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and regulation of cell death. Several lines of evidence have shown that, in the presence of some apoptotic stimuli, the activation of mitochondrial processes may lead to the release of cytochrome c followed by the activation of caspases, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic cell death. The aim of this review was to show how changes in calcium signaling can be related to the apoptotic cell death induction. Calcium homeostasis was also shown to be an important mechanism involved in neurodegenerative and aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Smaili
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Tazawa H, Fujita C, Machida K, Osada H, Ohta Y. Involvement of cyclophilin D in mitochondrial permeability transition induction in intact cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 481:59-64. [PMID: 18996353 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is involved in both Ca(2+) signaling and cell death. The present study aimed to clarify the involvement of cyclophilin D, a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), in MPT induction in intact cells. To achieve this, we used C6 cells overexpressing wild-type or PPIase-deficient cyclophilin D, and measured the inner mitochondrial membrane permeability to calcein, a 623-Da hydrophilic fluorescent molecule, to evaluate MPT induction. In vector control cells, the percentage of MPT induction by ionomycin increased as the Ca(2+) concentration in the extracellular medium increased. This result indicates that the present method is valid for numerical evaluation of MPT induction. In C6 cells expressing the PPIase-deficient mutant, the percentage of MPT induction was significantly decreased compared with wild-type CypD-overexpressing cells or vector control cells. These results suggest that cyclophilin D is involved in MPT induction by Ca(2+) in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidejiro Tazawa
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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Hutchison JS, Doherty DR, Orlowski JP, Kissoon N. Hypothermia therapy for cardiac arrest in pediatric patients. Pediatr Clin North Am 2008; 55:529-44, ix. [PMID: 18501753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest is associated with high morbidity and mortality in children. Hypothermia therapy has theoretical benefits on brain preservation and has the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality in children following cardiac arrest. The American Heart Association guidelines recommend that it should be considered in children after cardiac arrest. Methods of inducing hypothermia include simple surface cooling techniques, intravenous boluses of cold saline, gastric lavage with ice-cold normal saline, and using the temperature control device with extracorporeal life support. We recommend further study before a strong recommendation can be made to use hypothermia therapy in children with cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Hutchison
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto and Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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Koshkin V, Dai FF, Robson-Doucette CA, Chan CB, Wheeler MB. Limited Mitochondrial Permeabilization Is an Early Manifestation of Palmitate-induced Lipotoxicity in Pancreatic β-Cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:7936-48. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705652200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Chapter Two Evaluation of Some Cell Death Features by Real Time Real Space Microscopy. Methods Enzymol 2008; 442:27-50. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)01402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Muramatsu Y, Maemoto T, Iwashita A, Matsuoka N. Novel neuroprotective compound SCH-20148 rescues thymocytes and SH-SY5Y cells from thapsigargin-induced mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and cell death. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 563:40-8. [PMID: 17343843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential plays an important role in cell survival. Transitions in mitochondrial permeability, which indicate the imminent destruction of the organelles, have been observed in damaged neuronal cells both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, C57/BL6n mouse thymocytes were put under stress using thapsigargin, a Ca2+ ATP-ase inhibitor, after which the change in mitochondrial membrane potential was monitored with a JC-1 dual-emission probe. This was done in an attempt to identify a novel compound that can suppress mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and cell death. In this assay system, the novel compound SCH-20148 [2,3-dihydroxypropyl-5-bromo-N-(2-methyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)anthranilate] was found to protect mouse thymocytes against thapsigargin (3 nM)-induced mitochondrial membrane potential reduction (IC50=42 nM). SCH-20148 also prevented A23187- or ionomycin-induced shifts in mitochondrial membrane potential but it did not have any effect on the changes induced by tunicamycin, staurosporine, or dexamethasone. The potent immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine A prevented the effect of thapsigargin, but did not prevent the A23187- or ionomycin-induced changes. Calcium-modulating agents, an anti-oxidant, a protein kinase C inhibitor, and anti-inflammatory agents were not effective against thapsigargin-induced mitochondrial permeability transition which implies that SCH-20148 exerts a protective effect via its specific mechanism. In addition, SH-20148 demonstrated a neuroprotective effect against thapsigargin-induced neuronal cell death in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of SCH-20148 as novel neuroprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Muramatsu
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 5-2-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2698, Japan.
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van der Toorn M, Kauffman HF, van der Deen M, Slebos DJ, Koëter GH, Gans ROB, Bakker SJL. Cyclosporin A-induced oxidative stress is not the consequence of an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential. FEBS J 2007; 274:3003-12. [PMID: 17509081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A induces closure of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We aimed to investigate whether this closure results in concomitant increases in mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) and the production of reactive oxygen species. Fluorescent probes were used to assess DeltaPsim (JC-1, 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-benzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide), reactive oxygen species [DCF, 5- (and 6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester] and [Ca2+][Fluo-3, glycine N-[4-[6-[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2,7-dichloro-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl]-2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxyethyl]amino]-5-methylphenoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-N-[2-[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxyethyl]-(acetyloxy)methyl ester] in human kidney cells (HK-2 cells) and in a line of human small cell carcinoma cells (GLC4 cells), because these do not express cyclosporin A-sensitive P-glycoprotein. We used transfected GLC4 cells expressing P-glycoprotein as control for GLC4 cells. NIM811 (N-methyl-4-isoleucine-cyclosporin) and PSC833 (SDZ-PSC833) were applied as selective mitochondrial permeability transition pore and P-glycoprotein blockers, respectively. To study the effect of cyclosporin A on mitochondrial function, we isolated mitochondria from fresh pig livers. Cyclosporin A and PSC833 induced a more than two-fold increase in JC-1 fluorescence in HK-2 cells, whereas NIM811 had no effect. None of the three substances induced a significant increase in JC-1 fluorescence in GLC4 cells. Despite this, cyclosporin A, NIM811 and PSC833 induced a 1.5-fold increase in DCF fluorescence (P<0.05) and a two-fold increase in Fluo-3 fluorescence (P<0.05). Studies in isolated mitochondria showed that blockage of mitochondrial permeability transition pores by cyclosporin A affected neither DeltaPsim, ATP synthesis, nor respiration rate. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore blockers cyclosporin A and NIM811, but also the non-mitochondrial permeability transition pore blocker PSC833, induced comparable degrees of reactive oxygen species production and cytosolic [Ca2+]. Neither mitochondria, effects on P-glycoprotein nor inhibition of calcineurin therefore play a role in cyclosporin A-induced oxidative stress and disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco van der Toorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Benjamins JA, Nedelkoska L. Cyclic GMP-dependent pathways protect differentiated oligodendrocytes from multiple types of injury. Neurochem Res 2006; 32:321-9. [PMID: 17191140 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP analog 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (8-Br-cGMP) protects differentiated murine oligodendrocytes (OLs) from caspase-mediated death initiated by staurosporine, thapsigargin or kainate. Caspase-independent death caused by high levels of NO is also partially prevented by 8-Br-cGMP. Inhibitors of protein kinase G (cGMP-dependent protein kinase, cGK) reversed protection, supporting involvement of cGK. Since NO stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, we treated OLs with low levels of NO and observed partial protection against thapsigargin, staurosporine and kainate. Two inhibitors of mitochondrial pore transition (MPT), cyclosporin A and bongkrekic acid, were poorly protective, indicating that cGMP is not acting primarily by blocking MPT. 8Br-cGMP was more effective than 8Br-cAMP in protecting against staurosporine or release of intracellular Ca(++) by thapsigargin. The cAMP analog exhibited little or no protection against kainate or high levels of NO. Thus cGK signaling is more effective than protein kinase A or phosphodiesterase 3 signaling in preventing OL death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce A Benjamins
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1228 Elliman Building, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Abstract
The function of oligodendrocytes is to myelinate CNS axons. Oligodendrocytes and the axons they myelinate are functional units, and neurotransmitters released by axons can influence all stages of oligodendrocyte development via calcium dependent mechanisms. Some of the clearest functional evidence is for adenosine, ATP, and glutamate, which are released by electrically active axons and regulate the migration and proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and their differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Glutamate and ATP, released by both axons and astrocytes, continue to mediate Ca(2+) signaling in mature oligodendrocytes, acting via AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors, and heterogeneous P2X and P2Y purinoceptors. Physiological signalling between axons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes is likely to play an important role in myelin maintenance throughout life. Significantly, ATP- and glutamate-mediated Ca(2+) signaling are also major components of oligodendrocyte and myelin damage in numerous pathologies, most notably ischemia, injury, periventricular leukomalacia, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, NG2-expressing glia (synantocytes) in the adult CNS are highly reactive cells that respond rapidly to any CNS insult by a characteristic gliosis, and are able to regenerate oligodendrocytes and possibly neurons. Glutamate and ATP released by neurons and astrocytes evoke Ca(2+) signaling in NG2-glia (synantocytes), and it is proposed these regulate their differentiation capacity and response to injury. In summary, clear roles have been demonstrated for neurotransmitter-mediated Ca(2+) signaling in oligodendrocyte development and pathology. A key issue for future studies is to determine the physiological roles of neurotransmitters in mature oligodendrocytes and NG2-glia (synantocytes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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44
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Foster KA, Galeffi F, Gerich FJ, Turner DA, Müller M. Optical and pharmacological tools to investigate the role of mitochondria during oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2006; 79:136-71. [PMID: 16920246 PMCID: PMC1994087 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production; however, recent studies suggest that these organelles fulfill a much broader range of tasks. For example, they are involved in the regulation of cytosolic Ca(2+) levels, intracellular pH and apoptosis, and are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Various reactive molecules that originate from mitochondria, such as ROS, are critical in pathological events, such as ischemia, as well as in physiological events such as long-term potentiation, neuronal-vascular coupling and neuronal-glial interactions. Due to their key roles in the regulation of several cellular functions, the dysfunction of mitochondria may be critical in various brain disorders. There has been increasing interest in the development of tools that modulate mitochondrial function, and the refinement of techniques that allow for real time monitoring of mitochondria, particularly within their intact cellular environment. Innovative imaging techniques are especially powerful since they allow for mitochondrial visualization at high resolution, tracking of mitochondrial structures and optical real time monitoring of parameters of mitochondrial function. The techniques discussed include classic imaging techniques, such as rhodamine-123, the highly advanced semi-conductor nanoparticles (quantum dots), and wide field microscopy as well as high-resolution multiphoton imaging. We have highlighted the use of these techniques to study mitochondrial function in brain tissue and have included studies from our laboratories in which these techniques have been successfully applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley A. Foster
- Research and Surgery Services Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3807, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Francesca Galeffi
- Research and Surgery Services Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3807, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Florian J. Gerich
- Zentrum für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abteilung Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dennis A. Turner
- Research and Surgery Services Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3807, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Müller
- DFG Center Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Zentrum für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abteilung Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Wieckowski MR, Szabadkai G, Wasilewski M, Pinton P, Duszyński J, Rizzuto R. Overexpression of adenine nucleotide translocase reduces Ca2+ signal transmission between the ER and mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:393-9. [PMID: 16887100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), besides transferring ATP from the mitochondrial matrix to the rest of the cell, has also been proposed to be involved in mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), and accordingly in mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. In order to assess the role of ANT in Ca2+ signal transmission from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria, we overexpressed the various ANT isoforms and measured the matrix [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]m) increases evoked by stimulation with IP3-dependent agonists. ANT overexpression reduced the amplitude of the [Ca2+]m peak following Ca2+ release, an effect that was markedly greater for ANT-1 and ANT-3 isoforms than for ANT-2. Three further observations might explain these findings. First, the effect was partially reversed by treating the cells with cyclosporine A, suggesting the involvement of MPT. Second, the effect was paralleled by alterations of the 3D structure of the mitochondria. Finally, ANT-1 and ANT-3 overexpression also caused a reduction of ER Ca2+ loading that caused a marginal decrease in the cytosolic Ca2+ responses. Overall, these data provide evidence for the involvement of ANT-1 and ANT-3 in the induction of MPT and indicate the relevance of this phenomenon in ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Emilia Romagna Laboratory for Genomics and Biotechnology (ER-Gentech), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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46
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Boullerne AI, Benjamins JA. Nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide toxicity in oligodendrocytes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006; 8:967-80. [PMID: 16771686 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2006.8.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLG) have more complex interactions with nitric oxide (NO) than initially suspected. Historically, OLG were seen only as targets of high NO levels released from other cells. Expression of nitric oxide synthase type II (NOS-2) in primary cultures of OLGs stimulated by cytokines led to controversy due to the presence of small numbers of microglia, cells also inducible for NOS-2 expression. The present review summarizes the findings that immature OLG express NOS-2, but that they do not in their most mature stage in culture as membrane sheet-bearing cells. This raises questions about the regulation of NOS-2 expression in OLG. Additionally, novel data are presented on NOS-3 expression in cultured OLG. If confirmed in vivo, this finding suggests that constitutive NOS-3 expression may play a key role in OLG injury due to its activation by calcium, in interaction with pathways mediating glutamate toxicity. The authors discuss in vivo NO levels to place in vitro findings in context, and compare OLG sensitivity to NO with that of other brain cells. Lastly, the multiple interactions of NO are considered with regard to glutamate cytotoxicity, the antioxidant glutathione, mitochondrial function, and myelin architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I Boullerne
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA.
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47
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Restini CA, Moreira JE, Bendhack LM. Cross-talk between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrial calcium handling systems may play an important role in the regulation of contraction in anococcygeus smooth muscle. Mitochondrion 2006; 6:71-81. [PMID: 16584926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 10/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca(2+) and its relation with the contraction induced by phenylephrine was investigated. In normal Ca(2+), carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoro-methoxy)phenyl-hydrazone (FCCP) and oligomycin produced contraction similar to that promoted by phenylephrine. Phenylephrine-induced contraction was reduced by FCCP+oligomycin. In Ca(2+)-free, FCCP+oligomycin did not induce contraction. Response to FCCP+oligomycin was reduced upon Ca(2+) repletion and this response was lower than that to phenylephrine. Ca(2+) concentration was increased by FCCP+oligomycin. Since a profuse net of sarcoplasmic reticulum encloses mitochondria, a cross-talk between the two organelles may play an important role in the phenylephrine-induced contraction in presence of Ca(2+) encountered in both sarcoplasmic reticulum and extracellular medium of anococcygeus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Restini
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Do Café s/no., 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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48
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Hirata H, Machado LS, Okuno CS, Brasolin A, Lopes GS, Smaili SS. Apoptotic effect of ethanol is potentiated by caffeine-induced calcium release in rat astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2006; 393:136-40. [PMID: 16257121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated agents that increased intracellular calcium levels and their correlation with apoptotic cell death induction. We used rat astrocytes to investigate the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ (Ca(c)2+) and apoptosis induction by drugs that mobilize Ca2+ from different sources. We observed that thapsigargin (Thap), caffeine (Caff) and FCCP which caused similar increases in Ca(c)2+ levels (30-40%), also induced similar apoptotic rates (30-35%). On the other hand, antimycin (Anti), staurosporine (STS) and ethanol (Eth) promoted higher increases in Ca(c)2+ (55-65 %) and higher apoptotic rates (55-85%). Eth induced cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. After treatment with Eth plus Caff for 6, 12 and 24 h, these effects were strongly potentiated. Results suggest that there might be a correlation between Ca(c)2+ increase and the rate of apoptosis. It is possible that Eth induces cell death by activation of more than one pathway and Ca2+ might be one of the elements involved. The present work indicates that Ca2+ can potentiate death by ethanol in rat astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo SP 04044-020, Brazil
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49
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Thiffault C, Bennett JP. Cyclical mitochondrial deltapsiM fluctuations linked to electron transport, F0F1 ATP-synthase and mitochondrial Na+/Ca+2 exchange are reduced in Alzheimer's disease cybrids. Mitochondrion 2005; 5:109-19. [PMID: 16050977 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2004] [Revised: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reduced complex IV, increased oxidative stress and beta amyloid peptide secretion in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be replicated in cybrid models. We characterized cyclical mitochondrial deltapsiM fluctuations ('flickering') in neuroblastoma cells and AD/CTL cybrids. Flickering was blocked by ATP-synthase inhibition, was not observed in rho0 cells and was not blocked by antioxidant treatment. Flickering was not affected by the Ca(+2) uniporter antagonist Ru360 but was eliminated by BAPTA or CGP37137 blockade of the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(+2) exchanger. AD cybrid mitochondria showed reduced flickering. Flickering seems to represent coupling of deltapsiM to F0F1 ATP-synthase; reduction of flickering in AD cybrids suggests dysfunction of this coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Thiffault
- Department of Neurology, Center for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Virginia, PO Box 800394, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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50
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Guo WX, Pye QN, Williamson KS, Stewart CA, Hensley KL, Kotake Y, Floyd RA, Broyles RH. Mitochondrial dysfunction in choline deficiency-induced apoptosis in cultured rat hepatocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:641-50. [PMID: 16085182 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Revised: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have demonstrated that generation of ROS is associated with choline deficiency (CD)-induced apoptosis in CWSV-1 cells, an immortalized rat hepatocyte that becomes tumorigenic by stepwise culturing in decreasing levels of choline. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CD on loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), using the JC-1 probe by FASCAN assay. Our data demonstrate that MMP in CD-cultured cells was decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner and that significant disruption occurred at 24 h, relative to high choline (HC, 70 microM) cultured cells. In order to investigate further the relationship among the CD-induced ROS, MMP collapse, and apoptosis, we examined the effects of different inhibitors on ROS production, MMP disruption, and apoptosis in CD or HC-cultured CWSV-1 cells. These data indicate that the disruption of MMP is an upstream event in CD-induced apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in mediating CD-induced apoptosis in CWSV-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xing Guo
- Free Radical Biology & Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, MB21, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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