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Kim HL, Kim MA, Park KT, Choi DJ, Han S, Jeon ES, Cho MC, Kim JJ, Yoo BS, Shin MS, Kang SM, Chae SC, Ryu KH. Gender difference in the impact of coexisting diabetes mellitus on long-term clinical outcome in people with heart failure: a report from the Korean Heart Failure Registry. Diabet Med 2019; 36:1312-1318. [PMID: 31254366 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Few data are available on the gender-related differences in the prognostic impact of diabetes in people with heart failure. This study was performed to investigate whether there is a gender difference in the association between diabetes and long-term clinical outcomes in people hospitalized for heart failure. METHODS A total of 3162 people hospitalized with heart failure (aged 67.4 ± 14.1 years, 50.4% females) from the data set of the nationwide registry were analysed. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and heart failure readmission. RESULTS People with diabetes (30.5% for males vs. 31.1% for females, P = 0.740) were older and had more unfavourable risk factors and laboratory findings than those without diabetes in both genders. During a median follow-up period of 549 days, there were 1418 cases of composite events (44.8%). In univariable analysis, the coexistence of diabetes was significantly associated with a higher incidence of composite events in both genders (P < 0.05 each for males and females). In multivariable analysis, the prognostic impact of diabetes on the development of composite events remained significant in females even after controlling for potential confounders (hazard ratio 1.43, 95% confidence intervals 1.12-1.84; P = 0.004). However, an independent association between diabetes and composite events was not seen in males in the same multivariable analysis (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In people with heart failure, the impact of diabetes on long-term mortality and heart failure readmission seems to be stronger in females than in males. More careful and intensive management is needed especially in females with heart failure and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-T Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-J Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - S Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwasung, Korea
| | - E-S Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-C Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - J-J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - B-S Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - M-S Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - S-M Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S C Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - K-H Ryu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwasung, Korea
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Choi DJ, Han S, Jeon ES, Cho MC, Kim JJ, Yoo BS, Shin MS, Seong IW, Ahn Y, Kang SM, Kim YJ, Kim HS, Chae SC, Oh BH, Lee MM, Ryu KH. Characteristics, outcomes and predictors of long-term mortality for patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: a report from the korean heart failure registry. Korean Circ J 2011; 41:363-71. [PMID: 21860637 PMCID: PMC3152730 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2011.41.7.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with a poor prognosis and it requires repeated hospitalizations. However, there are few studies on the characteristics, treatment and prognostic factors of AHF. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of the patients hospitalized for AHF in Korea. Subjects and Methods We analyzed the clinical data of 3,200 hospitalization episodes that were recorded between June 2004 and April 2009 from the Korean Heart Failure (KorHF) Registry database. The mean age was 67.6±14.3 years and 50% of the patients were female. Results Twenty-nine point six percent (29.6%) of the patients had a history of previous HF and 52.3% of the patients had ischemic heart disease. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was reported for 89% of the patients. The mean LVEF was 38.5±15.7% and 26.1% of the patients had preserved systolic function (LVEF ≥50%), which was more prevalent in the females (34.0% vs. 18.4%, respectively, p<0.001). At discharge, 58.6% of the patients received beta-blockers (BB), 53.7% received either angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEi/ARB), and 58.4% received both BB and ACEi/ARB. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year mortality rates were 15%, 21%, 26% and 30%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age {hazard ratio: 1.023 (95% confidence interval: 1.004-1.042); p=0.020}, a previous history of heart failure {1.735 (1.150-2.618); p=0.009}, anemia {1.973 (1.271-3.063); p=0.002}, hyponatremia {1.861 (1.184-2.926); p=0.007}, a high level of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) {3.152 (1.450-6.849); p=0.004} and the use of BB at discharge {0.599 (0.360-0.997); p=0.490} were significantly associated with total death. Conclusion We present here the characteristics and prognosis of an unselected population of AHF patients in Korea. The long-term mortality rate was comparable to that reported in other countries. The independent clinical risk factors included age, a previous history of heart failure, anemia, hyponatremia, a high NT-proBNP level and taking BB at discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ju Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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3
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Drolet BC, Johnson KB. Categorizing the world of registries. J Biomed Inform 2008; 41:1009-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Fowler MB, Lottes SR, Nelson JJ, Lukas MA, Gilbert EM, Greenberg B, Massie BM, Abraham WT, Franciosa JA. Beta-blocker dosing in community-based treatment of heart failure. Am Heart J 2007; 153:1029-36. [PMID: 17540206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community patients with heart failure (HF) are older, less often treated by HF specialists, and have more comorbidity than those in randomized clinical trials. These differences might affect beta-blocker prescribing in HF. METHODS To explore patterns of beta-blocker prescribing for HF in the community and their association with outcomes, we determined carvedilol doses at end titration in 4113 patients from a community-based beta-blocker HF registry according to physician and patient characteristics, HF severity, and rates of hospitalization and death. RESULTS Female sex, age > or = 65 years, and left ventricular ejection fraction > or = 35% were associated with lower beta-blocker doses. Average daily dose of beta-blocker was lower with worse baseline New York Heart Association class. More patients of cardiologists achieved carvedilol doses > or = 25 mg twice daily, whereas in those of noncardiologists lower doses were more common. Relative risk of HF hospitalizations or all-cause death was significantly lower with higher doses of beta-blocker. CONCLUSIONS Beta-blocker dosing in community HF appears lower than in randomized clinical trials, especially when prescribed by noncardiologists. At all doses, patients taking the beta-blocker carvedilol have a lower incidence of death and HF hospitalization than those discontinuing it, regardless of physician type in the community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Fowler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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5
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Massie BM, Nelson JJ, Lukas MA, Greenberg B, Fowler MB, Gilbert EM, Abraham WT, Lottes SR, Franciosa JA. Comparison of outcomes and usefulness of carvedilol across a spectrum of left ventricular ejection fractions in patients with heart failure in clinical practice. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99:1263-8. [PMID: 17478155 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) in the community differs meaningfully from that in clinical trials, particularly the higher prevalence of patients with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) typically excluded from clinical trials, thus limiting knowledge of their responsiveness to beta-blocker therapy. From a community-based registry of 4,280 patients with HF starting treatment with the beta blocker carvedilol, we compared characteristics, carvedilol titration, and outcomes of patients according to LVEF >40% or <40% (as in clinical trials) and across the spectrum of LVEF <21%, 21% to 30%, 31% to 40%, and >40%. Patients with preserved EF (LVEF >40%) were older and more often women and hypertensive. Lower LVEF was associated with worse functional class and more HF hospitalizations in the previous year. Carvedilol dose decreased with increasing LVEF. Hospitalization rates for HF related inversely to LVEF before starting carvedilol therapy and decreased from the previous year in all LVEF groups during follow-up. Although 1-year mortality rate decreased from 8% with LVEF < or =20% to 6% with LVEF >40%, adjusted hazard ratios were not significantly different across LVEF groups. Thus, characteristics of community patients with HF vary across the spectrum of LVEF. Patients with HF and preserved EF treated with carvedilol in the community improve symptomatically and experience fewer HF hospitalizations after initiating carvedilol. In conclusion, without a control group, the effect of carvedilol on outcomes is not conclusive and trials of carvedilol in patients with HF and preserved EF should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Massie
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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6
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Abraham WT, Massie BM, Lukas MA, Lottes SR, Nelson JJ, Fowler MB, Greenberg B, Gilbert EM, Franciosa JA. Tolerability, safety, and efficacy of beta-blockade in black patients with heart failure in the community setting: insights from a large prospective beta-blocker registry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:16-21. [PMID: 17268206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-5299.2007.888111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) clinical trials suggest different responses of blacks and whites to beta-blockers. Differences between clinical trial and community settings may also have an impact. The Carvedilol Heart Failure Registry (COHERE) observed experience with carvedilol in 4280 patients with HF in a community setting. This analysis compares characteristics, outcomes, and carvedilol dosing of blacks and whites in COHERE. Compared with whites (n=3433), blacks (n=523) had more severe HF symptoms despite similar systolic function. At similar carvedilol maintenance doses, symptoms improved in 33% of blacks vs 28% of whites, while worsening in 10% and 11%, respectively (both nonsignificant), and HF hospitalization rates were reduced comparably in both groups (-58% vs -56%, respectively; both P<.001). Incidence and hazard ratios of death were similar in blacks and whites (6.9% vs 7.5%, hazard ratio 1.2 vs 1.0, P=.276). Thus carvedilol was similarly effective in blacks and whites with HF in the community setting, consistent with carvedilol clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Abraham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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7
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Greenberg B, Lottes SR, Nelson JJ, Lukas MA, Fowler MB, Massie BM, Abraham WT, Gilbert EM, Franciosa JA. Predictors of clinical outcomes in patients given carvedilol for heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98:1480-4. [PMID: 17126654 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors for outcomes in heart failure (HF) were derived from populations in clinical trials, at hospital discharge, or in localized geographic or socioeconomic strata before the widespread use of beta blockers. This study observed 4,280 patients in a community-based HF registry for 1 year after completing carvedilol titration. Independent risk factors for death, hospitalization for HF, or hospitalization for cardiovascular reasons other than HF were first identified by age-, gender-, and race-adjusted analyses, then by multivariate analysis adjusted simultaneously for all factors. Over this period, 7% of patients died, 11% were hospitalized for HF, 12% were hospitalized for other cardiovascular reasons, and 27% had > or =1 of these events. The most significant outcome predictors were New York Heart Association class III or IV, history of hospitalization for HF or other cardiovascular reasons, and angina pectoris, all associated with increased odds of having an adverse outcome (all p < or =0.001). The left ventricular ejection fraction was not a significant outcome predictor by multivariate analysis. The odds ratio for an adverse outcome was significantly reduced for patients with hypertensive or idiopathic causes of HF and for those whose physicians had graduated from medical school > or =24 years earlier compared with <14 years earlier (all p <0.005). In conclusion, easily obtained historical information predicts clinical outcomes in patients with HF in the year after initiating carvedilol. In this unselected community population, these historical factors were better predictors of risk than the left ventricular ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Greenberg
- University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
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8
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Franciosa JA, Nelson JJ, Lukas MA, Lottes SR, Massie BM, Fowler MB, Greenberg B, Gilbert EM, Abraham WT. Heart Failure in Community Practice: Relationship to Age and Sex in a ?-Blocker Registry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:317-23. [PMID: 17170585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-5299.2006.05804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Women and the elderly are underrepresented in clinical trials of heart failure (HF). The authors analyzed, by sex and age groups, a registry of 4280 community patients initiating carvedilol for HF. Women (n=1485) were older than men (n=2793) and had worse functional class with higher left ventricular ejection fraction and blood pressure. Women also had more HF hospitalizations, less use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and lower doses of carvedilol. Nevertheless, during 1-year follow-up, both groups experienced greater than 40% reductions in HF hospitalizations (P<.001), with mortality of 7.3% in women vs 9.1% in men (P=.085). With increasing age, left ventricular ejection fraction, blood pressure, and functional class increased, whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use and carvedilol doses decreased. HF hospitalizations fell at least 40% in all age groups after starting carvedilol (P<.001). Characteristics of women and the elderly with HF in the community suggest increased risk, but both populations respond well after initiating carvedilol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Franciosa
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, and the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Nul D, Zambrano C, Diaz A, Ferrante D, Varini S, Soifer S, Grancelli H, Doval H. Impact of a standardized titration protocol with carvedilol in heart failure: safety, tolerability, and efficacy-a report from the GESICA registry. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2005; 19:125-34. [PMID: 16025231 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-005-1497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina (GESICA) studied whether a standardized protocol for the initiation and titration of the beta-blocker carvedilol in a multicenter, open-label program would optimize beta-blocker use in heart failure (HF) patients. The program included: (1) the carvedilol initiation and titration period, and (2) long-term follow-up at 6 and 12 months. Of 1299 patients in the registry, 504 were excluded due to current therapy; of the remaining 795 eligible patients, 293 were excluded due to contraindications. Of the included patients with follow-up data (n = 316), 93.3% tolerated carvedilol initiation and 47.7% of the patients reached the target dose of 50 mg/day for a mean dose of 39 mg/day. Rates were comparable in the elderly (n = 83), of which 53% achieved a target dose for a mean dose of 43.08 mg/day. This protocol improved therapy rates and achieved target doses quickly (average of 4 visits). Concomitant medications did not have to be adjusted and there were low withdrawal rates (10%) and hospital admissions (7.2%) for HF. Patients were able to maintain carvedilol therapy at 6 and 12 months. These results indicate that a standardized titration protocol, as used in GESICA, for the initiation and titration of beta-blockers is well tolerated and may improve beta-blocker use in carefully selected heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nul
- GESICA, Av Rivadavia 2358, PB 4 (1034) Buenos Aires, CP 1414, Argentina.
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Fonarow GC, Corday E. Overview of acutely decompensated congestive heart failure (ADHF): a report from the ADHERE registry. Heart Fail Rev 2005; 9:179-85. [PMID: 15809815 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-005-6127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) has emerged as a major public health problem, and HF has become the leading cause of hospitalization in persons over 65 years of age. It is estimated that there are 6.5 million hospital days attributed to ADHF each year. Patients hospitalized with ADHF face a substantial risk of readmission, as high as 50% by 6 months after discharge. Despite the large number of patients hospitalized and this substantial risk, data on these patients have been limited and there has been little effort to improve the quality of care for patients hospitalized with ADHF. The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) was designed to bridge this gap in knowledge and care by prospectively studying the characteristics, management, and outcomes of a broad spectrum of patients hospitalized with ADHF. Participating community and university hospitals identified patients with a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of HF and collected medical history, management, treatments, and health outcomes via secure Web browser technology. As of October 2004, more than 160,000 patients from 281 hospitals have been enrolled. These patients differ substantially from those typically enrolled in randomized clinical trials. Initial data from the ADHERE registry have provided important insights into the clinical characteristics, patterns of care, and outcomes of patients with ADHF. ADHERE has documented significant delays in diagnosis and initiation of ADHF therapies as well as a substantial under-use of evidenced-based, guideline-recommended chronic HF therapies at hospital discharge. As such, there are substantial opportunities to improve the quality of care for ADHF patients in the nation's hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg C Fonarow
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Adams KF, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, LeJemtel TH, Costanzo MR, Abraham WT, Berkowitz RL, Galvao M, Horton DP. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J 2005; 149:209-16. [PMID: 15846257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1516] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ADHERE is designed to study characteristics, management, and outcomes in a broad sample of patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. Heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization for adults older than 65 years in the United States. Most available data on these patients are limited by patient selection criteria and study design of clinical trials and single-center studies. METHODS Participating hospitals identify patients with a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of heart failure. Medical history, management, treatments, and health outcomes data are collected through review of medical records and entered into a database via secure web browser technology. RESULTS As of January 2004, data on 107 362 patients have been received from 282 participating hospitals. Of enrollees with available analyzable data (N = 105 388 from 274 hospitals), the mean age was 72.4 (+/-14.0), and 52% were women. The most common comorbid conditions were hypertension (73%), coronary artery disease (57%), and diabetes (44%). Evidence of mild or no impairment of systolic function was found in 46% of patients. Inhospital mortality was 4.0% and the median hospital length of stay was 4.3 days. CONCLUSIONS The ADHERE demonstrates both the feasibility and significant implications of gathering representative data on large numbers of patients hospitalized with heart failure. Initial data provided important insights into the clinical characteristics and patterns of care of these patients. Ongoing registry work will provide the framework for improved treatment strategies for patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirkwood F Adams
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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12
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Franciosa JA, Massie BM, Lukas MA, Nelson JJ, Lottes S, Abraham WT, Fowler M, Gilbert EM, Greenberg B. Beta-blocker therapy for heart failure outside the clinical trial setting: findings of a community-based registry. Am Heart J 2004; 148:718-26. [PMID: 15459606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND beta-Blockers reduce morbidity and mortality rates in heart failure (HF) clinical trials, but it is unknown whether these findings persist in the community setting. METHODS A registry was created to survey tolerability and outcomes during initiation and 1-year follow-up of beta-blocker treatment with carvedilol in patients with HF treated by cardiologists (CARD) and primary care physicians (PCP) in the community. RESULTS A total 4280 patients were enrolled (3121 by 259 CARD, 1159 by 129 PCP). Patient age averaged 67 +/- 13 years; 35% were women and 12% were black. The left ventricular ejection fraction averaged 31 +/- 12; New York Heart Association class was II-III in 86% and IV in 3%. Patients of PCP had higher left ventricular ejection fraction, were older, and more frequently were female, black, diabetic, hypertensive, and in New York Heart Association class III/IV. Minimal difficulty titrating carvedilol was noted by >80% of CARD and PCP. Significantly more CARD-treated patients reached carvedilol doses of 25 mg twice daily (49% vs 27%). Kaplan-Meier all-cause mortality rate was 8.5% at 1 year and did not differ between CARD-treated and PCP-treated patients (8.2% vs 9.3%, P =.254). At least one HF hospitalization occurred in 11% of patients during follow-up, compared with 28% in the preceding year. CONCLUSIONS Community-based physicians use carvedilol with success approaching that of clinical trials. Overall mortality rates and HF hospitalizations were in the same low range as in clinical trials. Thus, it appears that results of clinical trials with carvedilol for HF can be translated to the community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Franciosa
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Sackner-Bernstein JD. Practical guidelines to optimize effectiveness of beta-blockade in patients postinfarction and in those with chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93:69B-73B. [PMID: 15144942 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antiadrenergic therapy reduces the risks of death and major morbidity in patients postinfarction and in those with chronic heart failure. Despite the common perception, these benefits are not attributable to a class effect, and clinical trials reveal evidence of specific agents that provide clinical advantages. To optimize patient outcome in the postinfarction setting, propranolol or timolol should be used in the setting of preserved ventricular function, and carvedilol should be used in patients with impaired ventricular function, with or without clinical evidence of heart failure. Patients with chronic heart failure are at lower risk of death when treated with carvedilol, which is also associated with a lower incidence of developing diabetes mellitus-related adverse events. This article reviews the scientific evidence for the hierarchy of antiadrenergic agents and addresses practical issues associated with initiation of therapy and long-term management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Sackner-Bernstein
- Clinical Scholars Program, Division of Cardiology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
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Kirpichnikov D, McFarlane SI, Sowers JR. Heart failure in diabetic patients: utility of beta-blockade. J Card Fail 2004; 9:333-44. [PMID: 13680555 DOI: 10.1054/jcaf.2003.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs with increased frequency in patients with diabetes and carries a higher risk of morbidity and mortality compared with nondiabetic persons. Diabetic patients are more likely to suffer from CHF and its consequences because of hypertensive and ischemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Intensive combination therapy, directed at the different aspects of the pathophysiology of CHF in diabetes patients, results in improved outcomes. Improvement of glycemia, reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, tight control of blood pressure, and antiplatelet therapy have been all shown to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with CHF in diabetic patients. beta-blockade added to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has become an increasingly integral component of CHF therapy. RESULTS Improved outcome with beta-blockade treatment is due to decreased incidence of both sudden death and pump failure and is of particular benefit to diabetic patients during and after myocardial infarctions complicated by systolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Based on retrospective analysis, beta-blocking agents with vasodilating properties may provide additional benefits in diabetic patients because they may improve insulin sensitivity and vasorelaxation.
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Franciosa JA, Taylor AL, Cohn JN, Yancy CW, Ziesche S, Olukotun A, Ofili E, Ferdinand K, Loscalzo J, Worcel M. African-American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT): rationale, design, and methodology. J Card Fail 2002; 8:128-35. [PMID: 12140804 DOI: 10.1054/jcaf.2002.124730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate combination (H+ISDN), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and beta-blockers have improved outcomes in heart failure (HF). Analysis of previous trials has shown that H+ISDN appears especially beneficial in African American patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The African-American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT) is double-blind, placebo-controlled, and includes African American patients with stable New York Heart Association Class III-IV HF on standard therapy. Patients must have prior HF-related events and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < or = 35% or LVEF <45% with left ventricular internal diastolic dimension >2.9 cm/m(2). Randomization to addition of placebo or BiDil (Nitro Med, Inc., Bedford, MA), a fixed combination of H+ISDN, is stratified for beta-blocker usage. All patients are treated and followed until the last patient entered completes 6 months of follow-up. The primary efficacy endpoint is a composite score including quality of life, death, and hospitalization for HF. At least 600 patients will be randomized; the first was randomized in June 2001. CONCLUSIONS In addition to providing additional information on BiDil efficacy in HF, A-HeFT is the first HF trial aimed at a selected subgroup of patients and the first to use a new composite HF score as its primary efficacy endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Franciosa
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Patients with chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction of ischemic or nonischemic etiology have shown improvement in morbidity and mortality with carvedilol therapy. In patients with symptomatic (New York Heart Association class II-IV) heart failure, carvedilol improves left ventricular ejection fraction and clinical status, and slows disease progression, reducing the combined risk of mortality and hospitalization. Despite the overwhelming evidence for their benefit, there continues to be a large treatment gap between those who would derive benefit and those who actually receive the drug. In this article, the pharmacology, clinical trial evidence, and the potential differences between carvedilol and other beta blockers are discussed. Carvedilol provides powerful therapy in the treatment of chronic heart failure caused by a variety of etiologies and in a wide array of clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L. Lombardi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Edward M. Gilbert
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Abstract
Results of the studies published or reported within the last 2 years provide convincing evidence that beta-blockers can decrease mortality in patients with chronic symptomatic heart failure because of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS)-II and Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF) trials showed a 34% reduction in all-cause death with bisoprolol and metoprolol therapy in patients with class II-III heart failure. Data from Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS), with a 35% mortality reduction, extended this benefit to class IV patients treated with carvedilol who do not require intravenous diuretics or positive inotropes. Ongoing beta-blocker studies address new topics, such as treatment of older patients, in whom diastolic heart failure may be more common, and direct comparison of different drugs. Although the use of beta-blockers for heart failure tends to increase, implementation of the knowledge from the trials in clinical practice still remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tendera
- Third Department of Cardiology, Silesian School of Medicine, Katowice, Poland.
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