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Cardiomyogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Dilated Myocardium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: The Impact of HDAC Inhibitor SAHA and Biomimetic Matrices. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312702. [PMID: 34884505 PMCID: PMC8657551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common type of nonischemic cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilation and impaired contraction leading to heart failure and even patients’ death. Therefore, it is important to search for new cardiac tissue regenerating tools. Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hmMSCs) were isolated from post-surgery healthy and DCM myocardial biopsies and their differentiation to the cardiomyogenic direction has been investigated in vitro. Dilated hmMSCs were slightly bigger in size, grew slower, but had almost the same levels of MSC-typical surface markers as healthy hmMSCs. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in dilated hmMSCs was 1.5-fold higher than in healthy ones, which was suppressed by class I and II HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) showing activation of cardiomyogenic differentiation-related genes alpha-cardiac actin (ACTC1) and cardiac troponin T (TNNT2). Both types of hmMSCs cultivated on collagen I hydrogels with hyaluronic acid (HA) or 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and exposed to SAHA significantly downregulated focal adhesion kinase (PTK2) and activated ACTC1 and TNNT2. Longitudinal cultivation of dilated hmMSC also upregulated alpha-cardiac actin. Thus, HDAC inhibitor SAHA, in combination with collagen I-based hydrogels, can tilt the dilated myocardium hmMSC toward cardiomyogenic direction in vitro with further possible therapeutic application in vivo.
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Mapping Heart Development in Flies: Src42A Acts Non-Autonomously to Promote Heart Tube Formation in Drosophila. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4020023. [PMID: 29056682 PMCID: PMC5606601 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects, clinically identified in both small and large animals, are multifactorial and complex. Although heritable factors are known to have a role in cardiovascular disease, the full genetic aetiology remains unclear. Model organism research has proven valuable in providing a deeper understanding of the essential factors in heart development. For example, mouse knock-out studies reveal a role for the Integrin adhesion receptor in cardiac tissue. Recent research in Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly), a powerful experimental model, has demonstrated that the link between the extracellular matrix and the cell, mediated by Integrins, is required for multiple aspects of cardiogenesis. Here we test the hypothesis that Integrins signal to the heart cells through Src42A kinase. Using the powerful genetics and cell biology analysis possible in Drosophila, we demonstrate that Src42A acts in early events of heart tube development. Careful examination of mutant heart tissue and genetic interaction data suggests that Src42A’s role is independent of Integrin and the Integrin-related Focal Adhesion Kinase. Rather, Src42A acts non-autonomously by promoting programmed cell death of the amnioserosa, a transient tissue that neighbors the developing heart.
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mTOR and the health benefits of exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zajac B, Hakim ZS, Cameron MV, Smithies O, Taylor JM. Quantification of myocyte chemotaxis: a role for FAK in regulating directional motility. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 843:111-23. [PMID: 22222526 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-523-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formation of a fully functional four-chambered heart involves an intricate and complex series of events that includes precise spatial-temporal regulation of cell specification, proliferation, and migration. The formation of the ventricular septum during mid-gestation ensures the unidirectional flow of blood, and is necessary for postnatal viability. Notably, a majority of all congenital malformations of the cardiovascular system in humans involve septal abnormalities which afflict 1 out of 100 newborn children in the United States. Thus, a clear understanding of the precise mechanisms involved in this morphogenetic event will undoubtedly reveal important therapeutic targets. The final step in valvuloseptal morphogenesis occurs, in part, by directed movement of flanking myocytes into the cushion mesenchyme. In order to identify the molecular mechanisms that regulate this critical myocyte function, we have developed two in vitro methodologies; a transwell assay to assess population changes in motility and a single-cell tracking assay to identify signals that drive the coordinated movement of these cells. These methods have proven effective to identify focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as an intracellular component that is critical for myocyte chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britni Zajac
- Department of Pathology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease caused by decreased contractility of the ventricles leading to heart failure and premature death. Multiple conditions like ischemic heart disease (atherosclerosis), hypertension, diabetes, viral infection, alcohol abuse, obesity and genetic mutations can lead to cardiomyopathy. Single gene mutations in sarcomeric proteins, Z-disk-associated proteins, membrane/associated proteins, intermediate filaments, calcium cycle proteins as well as in modifier genes have been linked to cardiomyopathy. Clinical practice guidelines have been formulated by the American Heart Association and the Heart Failure Association of America on how to genetically evaluate patients with cardiomyopathy. To illustrate the concept that alterations in genes cause cardiovascular disease, this review will focus on two membrane-associated proteins, vinculin and talin. We will discuss the general function of vinculin/metavinulin as well as talin1 and talin2, with emphasis on what is understood about their role in the cardiac myocyte and in whole heart.
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Abstract
Costameres are sub-membranous, Z-line associated structures found in striated muscle. They have been shown to have important roles in transmission of force from the sarcomere to the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix, maintaining mechanical integrity of the sarcolemma, and orchestrating mechanically related signaling. The costamere is akin to the more well-known focal adhesion complex present in most cells. The Z-line is a critical structural anchor for the sarcomere, but it is also a hot-spot for muscle cell signaling. Therefore functionally, the costamere represents a two-way signaling highway tethered between the Z-line and the extracellular matrix, relaying mechanical stress signals from outside the cell to intracellular signaling networks. In this role it can modulate myofibril growth and contraction. The major force generated by sarcomeres is transduced in the lateral direction from the sarcomere to the extracellular matrix through the costamere. Two major protein complexes have been described at the costamere: the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and the integrin-vinculin-talin complex. The importance of these two protein complexes in striated muscle function has between demonstrated both in human disease and mouse models. Members of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex and integrins have both been reported to interact directly with filamin-C, thus linking costameric complexes with those present at the Z-line. Moreover, studies from our labs and others have shown that the Z-line proteins belonging to the PDZ-LIM domain protein family, enigma homolog (ENH) and cypher, may directly or indirectly be involved in this linkage. The following review will focus on the protein components of this linkage, their function in force transmission, and how the dysfunction or loss of proteins within these complexes contributes to muscular disease.
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Hakim ZS, DiMichele LA, Rojas M, Meredith D, Mack CP, Taylor JM. FAK regulates cardiomyocyte survival following ischemia/reperfusion. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 46:241-8. [PMID: 19028502 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocyte apoptosis is central to myocardial dysfunction following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and during the transition from hypertrophy to heart failure. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase regulates adhesion-dependent survival signals and unopposed FAK activation has been linked to tumor development. We previously showed that conditional myocyte-specific deletion of FAK (MFKO) in the adult heart did not affect basal cardiomyocyte survival or cardiac function but led to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure following pressure overload. In the present study, we sought to determine if FAK functions to limit stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We reasoned that (I/R), which stimulates robust apoptotic cell death, might uncover an important cardioprotective function for FAK. We found that depletion of FAK markedly exacerbates hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte cell death in vitro. Moreover, deletion of FAK in the adult myocardium resulted in significant increases in I/R-induced infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis with a concomitant reduction in left ventricular function. Finally, our results suggest that NF-kappaB signaling may play a key role in modulating FAK-dependent cardioprotection, since FAK inactivation blunted activation of the NF-kappaB survival signaling pathway and reduced levels of the NF-kappaB target genes, Bcl2 and Bcl-xl. Since the toggling between pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signals remains central to preventing irreversible damage to the heart, we conclude that targeted FAK activation may be beneficial for protecting stress-dependent cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat S Hakim
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Hakim ZS, DiMichele LA, Doherty JT, Homeister JW, Beggs HE, Reichardt LF, Schwartz RJ, Brackhan J, Smithies O, Mack CP, Taylor JM. Conditional deletion of focal adhesion kinase leads to defects in ventricular septation and outflow tract alignment. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:5352-64. [PMID: 17526730 PMCID: PMC1952084 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00068-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine a role for focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in cardiac morphogenesis, we generated a line of mice with a conditional deletion of FAK in nkx2-5-expressing cells (herein termed FAKnk mice). FAKnk mice died shortly after birth, likely resulting from a profound subaortic ventricular septal defect and associated malalignment of the outflow tract. Additional less penetrant phenotypes included persistent truncus arteriosus and thickened valve leaflets. Thus, conditional inactivation of FAK in nkx2-5-expressing cells leads to the most common congenital heart defect that is also a subset of abnormalities associated with tetralogy of Fallot and the DiGeorge syndrome. No significant differences in proliferation or apoptosis between control and FAKnk hearts were observed. However, decreased myocardialization was observed for the conal ridges of the proximal outflow tract in FAKnk hearts. Interestingly, chemotaxis was significantly attenuated in isolated FAK-null cardiomyocytes in comparison to genetic controls, and these effects were concomitant with reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of Crk-associated substrate (CAS). Thus, it is possible that ventricular septation and appropriate outflow tract alignment is dependent, at least in part, upon FAK-dependent CAS activation and subsequent induction of polarized myocyte movement into the conal ridges. Future studies will be necessary to determine the precise contributions of the additional nkx2-5-derived lineages to the phenotypes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat S Hakim
- Department of Pathology and Carolina Cardiovascular Biology Center, 501 Brinkhous-Bullitt Bldg. CB 7525, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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DiMichele LA, Doherty JT, Rojas M, Beggs HE, Reichardt LF, Mack CP, Taylor JM. Myocyte-restricted focal adhesion kinase deletion attenuates pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. Circ Res 2006; 99:636-45. [PMID: 16902179 PMCID: PMC2693055 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000240498.44752.d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase strongly activated by integrins and neurohumoral factors. Previous studies have shown that cardiac FAK activity is enhanced by hypertrophic stimuli before the onset of overt hypertrophy. Herein, we report that conditional deletion of FAK from the myocardium of adult mice did not affect basal cardiac performance, myocyte viability, or myofibrillar architecture. However, deletion of FAK abolished the increase in left ventricular posterior wall thickness, myocyte cross-sectional area, and hypertrophy-associated atrial natriuretic factor induction following pressure overload. Myocyte-restricted deletion of FAK attenuated the initial wave of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and cFos expression induced by adrenergic agonists and biomechanical stress. In addition, we found that persistent challenge of mice with myocyte-restricted FAK inactivation leads to enhanced cardiac fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in comparison to challenged genetic controls. These studies show that loss of FAK impairs normal compensatory hypertrophic remodeling without a concomitant increase in apoptosis in response to cardiac pressure overload and highlight the possibility that FAK activation may be a common requirement for the initiation of this compensatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A DiMichele
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Chen H, Huang XN, Yan W, Chen K, Guo L, Tummalapali L, Dedhar S, St-Arnaud R, Wu C, Sepulveda JL. Role of the integrin-linked kinase/PINCH1/alpha-parvin complex in cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. J Transl Med 2005; 85:1342-56. [PMID: 16170337 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Outside-in signaling from fibronectin (FN) through integrin receptors has been shown to play an important role in promoting cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and synergizes with other hypertrophic stimuli such as the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE) and mechanical strain. The integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a critical molecule involved in cell adhesion, motility and survival in nonmyocytes such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Its role in cardiac myocytes is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that (1) ILK forms a complex with PINCH1 and alpha-parvin proteins (IPAP1 complex) in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes; (2) localization of IPAP1 complex proteins to costameres in cardiac myocytes is stimulated by FN, PE and synergistically by the combination of FN and PE in an integrin beta1-dependent manner; (3) a dominant-negative mutant lacking the PINCH-binding N-terminus of ILK (ILK-C) prevents costamere association of ILK and alpha-parvin, but not PINCH1; (4) FN- and PE-induced hypertrophy, measured by increased protein/DNA ratio, beating frequency and atrial natriuretic peptide expression, is stimulated by low levels of ILK-C but repressed by high ILK-C expression; and (5) overexpression of ILK-C, as well as deletion of the ILK gene in mouse neonatal ventricular myocytes, induces marked apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. These results suggest that the IPAP1 complex plays an important role in mediating integrin-signaling pathways that regulate cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and resistance to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Punske BB, Taccardi B, Steadman B, Ershler PR, England A, Valencik ML, McDonald JA, Litwin SE. Effect of fiber orientation on propagation: electrical mapping of genetically altered mouse hearts. J Electrocardiol 2005; 38:40-4. [PMID: 16226072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2005.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial potentials reveal the strong effects of fiber anisotropy, rotation, imbrication, and coupling on propagation in the intact heart. From the patterns of the surface potentials, we can obtain information about the local fiber orientation, anisotropy, the transmural fiber rotation, and which direction the wave front is traveling through the wall. In this study, lessons learned from epicardial potential mapping of large hearts were applied to studies conducted in genetically altered mouse hearts. METHODS An inducible model of the overexpression of a gain-of-function alpha5 integrin (cytoplasmic domain truncation) was created in mouse. After 3 days of administration of doxycycline, the animals exhibited an altered electrical phenotype of markedly reduced amplitude of the QRS complex on the surface electrocardiogram. Epicardial potentials were recorded from Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts with alpha5 integrin gain-of-function mutations and from wild-type (WT) control hearts. A cylindrical electrode array consisting of 184 sites with 1-mm uniform interelectrode spacing was placed around the heart, and unipolar electrograms were recorded during atrial and ventricular stimulation at different basic cycle lengths. RESULTS The total ventricular activation time for the transgenic animals was greater than that of the WT hearts for atrial and ventricular pacing locations. The isopotential maps from the mutated hearts showed a loss of anisotropy, as revealed by the more rounded and less elliptically shaped wave fronts seen immediately after epicardial point stimulation when compared with WT hearts. The weaker potential maxima in the mutated hearts did not exhibit the normal expansion and rotation associated with an advancing wave front in a normal heart, suggesting abnormalities in myocyte coupling in these hearts. Isopotential maps provided additional information about fiber architecture from the electric field that was not obtained from optical recordings alone. These findings provided a phenotypic characterization and specific insights into the mechanisms of the electrical abnormalities associated with altered integrin signaling in cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie B Punske
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, 84112-5000, USA.
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Yutao X, Geru W, Xiaojun B, Tao G, Aiqun M. Mechanical stretch-induced hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes is mediated by beta(1)-integrin-microtubule signaling pathways. Eur J Heart Fail 2005; 8:16-22. [PMID: 16198630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical stress plays a crucial role in tissue morphogenesis and remodeling. These processes depend in part on force transmission mediated through integrins and the cytoskeleton. METHODS Ventricular myocytes isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats (NRVMs) were exposed to persistent centrifugal force stretch for 12 or 24 h. The NRVMs were exposed to colchicine (4 micromol/ml) and anti-integrin beta1 specific antibody (10 microg/ml). Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Incorporation of 3H-leucine, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were assessed. Pixel intensity and distribution of the microtubule were estimated from laser scanning confocal images. RESULTS Changes in LDH release and the MTT assay showed that 180 rpm. centrifugal force had minimal effect on the viability and number of NRVMs. Mechanical stretch significantly increased 3H-leucine incorporation into cardiomyocytes. Anti-integrin beta1 blocking antibody effectively inhibited the increase in 3H-leucine incorporation and release of ANP (p < 0.05). Following anti-integrin-beta1-blocking antibody, the pixel intensity of the microtubule image was decreased after both12 and 24 h stretch, this was similar to the effect of colchicine. Both treatments also inhibited the secretion of Ang II induced by stretch (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Anti-integrin-beta1-blocking antibody and colchicine had similar effects, partly inhibiting the stretch-induced increase in microtubule polymerization and the secretion of Ang II in hypertrophic cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yutao
- Cardiology Department of No.1 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 1 Jiankang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion is crucial for control of cell behavior. It connects the ECM to the intracellular cytoskeleton and transduces bidirectional signals between the extracellular and intracellular compartments. The subcellular machinery that mediates cell-ECM adhesion and signaling is complex. It consists of transmembrane proteins (e.g., integrins) and at least several dozens of membrane-proximal proteins that assemble into a network through multiple protein interactions. Furthermore, despite sharing certain common components, cell-ECM adhesions exhibit considerable heterogeneity in different types of cells (e.g., the cell-ECM adhesions in cardiac myocytes are considerably different from those in fibroblasts). Here, we will first briefly describe the general properties of the integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesion and signal transduction. Next, we will focus on one of the recently discovered cell-ECM adhesion protein complexes consisting of PINCH, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), and Parvin and use it as an example to illustrate the molecular basis underlying the assembly and functions of cell-ECM adhesions. Finally, we will discuss in detail the structure and regulation of cell-ECM adhesion complexes in cardiac myocytes, which illustrate the importance and complexity of the cell-ECM adhesion structures in organogenesis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Sepulveda
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Calderwood DA, Tai V, Di Paolo G, De Camilli P, Ginsberg MH. Competition for talin results in trans-dominant inhibition of integrin activation. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:28889-95. [PMID: 15143061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of integrin adhesion receptors to undergo rapid changes in affinity for their extracellular ligands (integrin activation) is essential for the development and function of multicellular animals and is dependent on interactions between the integrin beta subunit-cytoplasmic tail and the cytoskeletal protein talin. Cross-talk among different integrins and between integrins and other receptors impacts many cellular processes including adhesion, spreading, migration, clot retraction, proliferation, and differentiation. One form of integrin cross-talk, transdominant inhibition of integrin activation, occurs when ligand binding to one integrin inhibits the activation of a second integrin. This may be relevant clinically in a number of settings such as during platelet adhesion, leukocyte trans-migration, and angiogenesis. Here we report that competition for talin underlies the trans-dominant inhibition of integrin activation. This conclusion is based on our observations that (i). beta tails selectively defective in talin binding are unable to mediate trans-dominant inhibition, (ii). trans-dominant inhibition can be reversed by overexpression of integrin binding and activating fragments of talin, and (iii). expression of another non-integrin talin-binding protein, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type Igamma-90, also inhibits integrin activation. Thus, the sequestration of talin by the suppressive species is both necessary and sufficient for trans-dominant inhibition of integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Calderwood
- Deptartment of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Puskás LG, Nagy ZB, Giricz Z, Onody A, Csonka C, Kitajka K, Hackler L, Zvara A, Ferdinandy P. Cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia influences gene expression pattern of rat hearts: a DNA microarray study. FEBS Lett 2004; 562:99-104. [PMID: 15044008 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(04)00189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To profile gene expression patterns involved in the direct myocardial effect of cholesterol-enriched diet-induced hyperlipidemia, we monitored global gene expression changes by DNA microarray analysis of 3200 genes in rat hearts. Twenty-six genes exhibited significant up-regulation and 25 showed down-regulation in hearts of rats fed a 2% cholesterol-enriched diet for 8 weeks as compared to age-matched controls. The expression changes of 12 selected genes were also assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Genes with altered expression in the heart due to hyperlipidemia included procollagen type III, cofilin/destrin, tensin, transcription repressor p66, synaptic vesicle protein 2B, Hsp86, chaperonin subunit 5epsilon, metallothionein, glutathione S-transferase, protein kinase C inhibitor, ATP synthase subunit c, creatine kinase, chloride intracellular channel 4, NADH oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase, fibronectin receptor beta chain, CD81 antigen, farnesyltransferase, calreticulin, disintegrin, p120 catenin, Smad7, etc. Although some of these genes have been suspected to be related to cardiovascular diseases, none of the genes has been previously shown to be involved in the mechanism of the cardiac effect of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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