1
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Ayon NJ, Earp CE, Gupta R, Butun FA, Clements AE, Lee AG, Dainko D, Robey MT, Khin M, Mardiana L, Longcake A, Rangel-Grimaldo M, Hall MJ, Probert MR, Burdette JE, Keller NP, Raja HA, Oberlies NH, Kelleher NL, Caesar LK. Bioactivity-driven fungal metabologenomics identifies antiproliferative stemphone analogs and their biosynthetic gene cluster. Metabolomics 2024; 20:90. [PMID: 39095664 PMCID: PMC11296971 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fungi biosynthesize chemically diverse secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. Natural product scientists have increasingly turned towards bioinformatics approaches, combining metabolomics and genomics to target secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic machinery. We recently applied an integrated metabologenomics workflow to 110 fungi and identified more than 230 high-confidence linkages between metabolites and their biosynthetic pathways. OBJECTIVES To prioritize the discovery of bioactive natural products and their biosynthetic pathways from these hundreds of high-confidence linkages, we developed a bioactivity-driven metabologenomics workflow combining quantitative chemical information, antiproliferative bioactivity data, and genome sequences. METHODS The 110 fungi from our metabologenomics study were tested against multiple cancer cell lines to identify which strains produced antiproliferative natural products. Three strains were selected for further study, fractionated using flash chromatography, and subjected to an additional round of bioactivity testing and mass spectral analysis. Data were overlaid using biochemometrics analysis to predict active constituents early in the fractionation process following which their biosynthetic pathways were identified using metabologenomics. RESULTS We isolated three new-to-nature stemphone analogs, 19-acetylstemphones G (1), B (2) and E (3), that demonstrated antiproliferative activity ranging from 3 to 5 µM against human melanoma (MDA-MB-435) and ovarian cancer (OVACR3) cells. We proposed a rational biosynthetic pathway for these compounds, highlighting the potential of using bioactivity as a filter for the analysis of integrated-Omics datasets. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates how the incorporation of biochemometrics as a third dimension into the metabologenomics workflow can identify bioactive metabolites and link them to their biosynthetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid J Ayon
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Cody E Earp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Raveena Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Fatma A Butun
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ashley E Clements
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Alexa G Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - David Dainko
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Matthew T Robey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Manead Khin
- College of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lina Mardiana
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
- Indicatrix Crystallography, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alexandra Longcake
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Manuel Rangel-Grimaldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Hall
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Michael R Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- College of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay K Caesar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA.
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Mamangkey J, Mendes LW, Mustopa AZ, Hartanto A. Endophytic Aspergillii and Penicillii from medicinal plants: a focus on antimicrobial and multidrug resistant pathogens inhibitory activity. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2024; 105:83-95. [PMID: 38633888 PMCID: PMC11020150 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2024.135644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug resistance among microorganisms, where they develop resistance against formerly efficacious drugs, has led to increased disease prevalence and mortality rates, posing a growing challenge. Globally, antibiotic resistance has made a significant impact, causing millions of fatalities each year. Endophytic fungi have gained considerable attention in research due to their potential to produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, including natural substances with antimicrobial capabilities. The genera Aspergillus and Penicillium stand out as the most prevalent species of endophytic fungi. Filamentous fungi, such as these are responsible for the production of 45% of known microbial metabolites. This review focuses on exploring the bioactive substances produced by endophytic fungi from these two genera, particularly in conjunction with medicinal plants. Emphasis is placed on their antimicrobial activity and their ability to inhibit multidrug-resistant pathogens. As the need for alternative treatments to combat drug-resistant infections continues to grow, endophytic fungi have the potential to provide a valuable source of bioactive molecules for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jendri Mamangkey
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Lucas William Mendes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Apon Zaenal Mustopa
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Adrian Hartanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Eshboev F, Mamadalieva N, Nazarov PA, Hussain H, Katanaev V, Egamberdieva D, Azimova S. Antimicrobial Action Mechanisms of Natural Compounds Isolated from Endophytic Microorganisms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:271. [PMID: 38534706 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a significant challenge to global healthcare, especially in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance. This urgent issue requires the continuous exploration and development of new antimicrobial drugs. In this regard, the secondary metabolites derived from endophytic microorganisms stand out as promising sources for finding antimicrobials. Endophytic microorganisms, residing within the internal tissues of plants, have demonstrated the capacity to produce diverse bioactive compounds with substantial pharmacological potential. Therefore, numerous new antimicrobial compounds have been isolated from endophytes, particularly from endophytic fungi and actinomycetes. However, only a limited number of these compounds have been subjected to comprehensive studies regarding their mechanisms of action against bacterial cells. Furthermore, the investigation of their effects on antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for synthesizing these secondary metabolites have been conducted for only a subset of these promising compounds. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research findings, this review describes the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs and secondary metabolites isolated from endophytes, antibacterial activities of the natural compounds derived from endophytes against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and biosynthetic gene clusters of endophytic fungi responsible for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhod Eshboev
- S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- School of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr Street 1, Mirzo Ulugbek District, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, 39 Kori Niyoziy Str., Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Nilufar Mamadalieva
- S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- School of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr Street 1, Mirzo Ulugbek District, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, 39 Kori Niyoziy Str., Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
| | - Pavel A Nazarov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/40 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Vladimir Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690090, Russia
| | - Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, 39 Kori Niyoziy Str., Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Shakhnoz Azimova
- S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
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Nesterenko LE, Popov RS, Zhuravleva OI, Kirichuk NN, Chausova VE, Krasnov KS, Pivkin MV, Yurchenko EA, Isaeva MP, Yurchenko AN. A Study of the Metabolic Profiles of Penicillium dimorphosporum KMM 4689 Which Led to Its Re-Identification as Penicillium hispanicum. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cultivation conditions, in particular salinity and temperature, affect the production of secondary fungal metabolites. In this work, the extracts of fungus previously described as Penicillium dimorphosporum cultivated in various salinity and temperature conditions were investigated using HPLC UV/MS techniques, and their DPPH radical scavenging and cytotoxicity activities against human prostate cancer PC-3 cells and rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 were tested. In total, 25 compounds, including 13 desoxyisoaustamide-related alkaloids and eight anthraquinones, were identified in the studied extracts and their relative amounts were estimated. The production of known neuroprotective alkaloids 5, 6 and other brevianamide alkaloids was increased in hypersaline and high-temperature conditions, and this may be an adaptation to extreme conditions. On the other hand, hyposalinity stress may induce the synthesis of unidentified antioxidants with low cytotoxicity that could be very interesting for future investigation. The study of secondary metabolites of the strain KMM 4689 showed that although brevianamide-related alkaloids and anthraquinone pigments are widely distributed in various fungi, these metabolites have not been described for P. dimorphosporum and related species. For this reason, the strain KMM 4689 was re-sequenced using the β-tubulin gene and ITS regions as molecular markers and further identified as P. hispanicum.
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Knowles SL, Raja HA, Roberts CD, Oberlies NH. Fungal-fungal co-culture: a primer for generating chemical diversity. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1557-1573. [PMID: 35137758 PMCID: PMC9384855 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2002 to 2020In their natural environment, fungi must compete for resources. It has been hypothesized that this competition likely induces the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites for defence. In a quest to discover new chemical diversity from fungal cultures, a growing trend has been to recapitulate this competitive environment in the laboratory, essentially growing fungi in co-culture. This review covers fungal-fungal co-culture studies beginning with the first literature report in 2002. Since then, there has been a growing number of new secondary metabolites reported as a result of fungal co-culture studies. Specifically, this review discusses and provides insights into (1) rationale for pairing fungal strains, (2) ways to grow fungi for co-culture, (3) different approaches to screening fungal co-cultures for chemical diversity, (4) determining the secondary metabolite-producing strain, and (5) final thoughts regarding the fungal-fungal co-culture approach. Our goal is to provide a set of practical strategies for fungal co-culture studies to generate unique chemical diversity that the natural products research community can utilize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Christopher D Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Cank KB, Shepherd RA, Knowles SL, Rangel-Grimaldo M, Raja HA, Bunch ZL, Cech NB, Rice CA, Kyle DE, Falkinham JO, Burdette JE, Oberlies NH. Polychlorinated cyclopentenes from a marine derived Periconia sp. (strain G1144). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 199:113200. [PMID: 35421431 PMCID: PMC9173697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies on an organic extract of a marine fungus, Periconia sp. (strain G1144), led to the isolation of three halogenated cyclopentenes along with the known and recently reported rhytidhyester D; a series of spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate these structures. Interestingly, two of these compounds represent tri-halogenated cyclopentene derivatives, which have been observed only rarely from Nature. The relative and absolute configurations of the compounds were established via mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Mosher's esters method, optical rotation and GIAO NMR calculations, including correlation coefficient calculations and the use of both DP4+ and dJ DP4 analyses. Several of the isolated compounds were tested for activity in anti-parasitic, antimicrobial, quorum sensing inhibition, and cytotoxicity assays and were shown to be inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristóf B Cank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Robert A Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Manuel Rangel-Grimaldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Zoie L Bunch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Christopher A Rice
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 724 Biological Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2607, USA; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 335 Coverdell Center 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602-7399, USA.
| | - Dennis E Kyle
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 335 Coverdell Center 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602-7399, USA.
| | - Joseph O Falkinham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Derring Hall Room 2125, 926 West Campus Drive, Mail Code 0406, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, 333 PHARM, MC 781, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
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7
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Deshmukh SK, Dufossé L, Chhipa H, Saxena S, Mahajan GB, Gupta MK. Fungal Endophytes: A Potential Source of Antibacterial Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:164. [PMID: 35205918 PMCID: PMC8877021 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a burning issue due to the frequent use of antibiotics for curing common bacterial infections, indicating that we are running out of effective antibiotics. This has been more obvious during recent corona pandemics. Similarly, enhancement of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is strengthening the pathogenicity and virulence of infectious microbes. Endophytes have shown expression of various new many bioactive compounds with significant biological activities. Specifically, in endophytic fungi, bioactive metabolites with unique skeletons have been identified which could be helpful in the prevention of increasing antimicrobial resistance. The major classes of metabolites reported include anthraquinone, sesquiterpenoid, chromone, xanthone, phenols, quinones, quinolone, piperazine, coumarins and cyclic peptides. In the present review, we reported 451 bioactive metabolites isolated from various groups of endophytic fungi from January 2015 to April 2021 along with their antibacterial profiling, chemical structures and mode of action. In addition, we also discussed various methods including epigenetic modifications, co-culture, and OSMAC to induce silent gene clusters for the production of noble bioactive compounds in endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Deshmukh
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, Delhi, India
- Agpharm Bioinnovations LLP, Incubatee: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO Lab) & ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, 97744 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hemraj Chhipa
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Agriculture University Kota, Jhalawar 322360, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Agpharm Bioinnovations LLP, Incubatee: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Girish B Mahajan
- HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400086, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish Kumar Gupta
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India
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Labuda R, Bacher M, Rosenau T, Gasparotto E, Gratzl H, Doppler M, Sulyok M, Kubátová A, Berger H, Cank K, Raja HA, Oberlies NH, Schüller C, Strauss J. Polyphasic Approach Utilized for the Identification of Two New Toxigenic Members of Penicillium Section Exilicaulis, P. krskae and P. silybi spp. nov. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:557. [PMID: 34356936 PMCID: PMC8307998 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species, Penicillium krskae (isolated from the air as a lab contaminant in Tulln (Austria, EU)) and Penicillium silybi (isolated as an endophyte from asymptomatic milk thistle (Silybum marianum) stems from Josephine County (Oregon, USA)) are described. The new taxa are well supported by phenotypic (especially conidial ornamentation under SEM, production of red exudate and red pigments), physiological (growth at 37 °C, response to cycloheximide and CREA), chemotaxonomic (production of specific extrolites), and multilocus phylogenetic analysis using RNA-polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), partial tubulin (benA), and calmodulin (CaM). Both new taxa are resolved within the section Exilicaulis in series Restricta and show phylogenetic affiliation to P. restrictum sensu stricto. They produce a large spectrum of toxic anthraquinoid pigments, namely, monomeric anthraquinones related to emodic and chloremodic acids and other interesting bioactive extrolites (i.e., endocrocin, paxilline, pestalotin, and 7-hydroxypestalotin). Of note, two bianthraquinones (i.e., skyrin and oxyskyrin) were detected in a culture extract of P. silybi. Two new chloroemodic acid derivatives (2-chloro-isorhodoptilometrin and 2-chloro-desmethyldermoquinone) isolated from the exudate of P. krskae ex-type culture were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Labuda
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (E.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Markus Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (M.B.); (T.R.)
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (M.B.); (T.R.)
| | - Erika Gasparotto
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (E.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Hannes Gratzl
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.G.); (M.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Doppler
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.G.); (M.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.G.); (M.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Culture Collection of Fungi (CCF) Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Harald Berger
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resurces and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Kristof Cank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA; (K.C.); (H.A.R.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA; (K.C.); (H.A.R.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA; (K.C.); (H.A.R.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Christoph Schüller
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resurces and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.B.); (C.S.)
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules: Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (E.G.); (J.S.)
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resurces and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.B.); (C.S.)
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Al Subeh ZY, Raja HA, Obike JC, Pearce CJ, Croatt MP, Oberlies NH. Media and strain studies for the scaled production of cis-enone resorcylic acid lactones as feedstocks for semisynthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:496-507. [PMID: 34155352 PMCID: PMC8313427 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) with a cis-enone moiety, represented by hypothemycin (1) and (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol (2), are fungal secondary metabolites with irreversible inhibitory activity against protein kinases, with particularly selective activity for inhibition of TAK1 (transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1). Gram-scale quantities of these compounds were needed as feedstock for semi-synthesizing RAL-analogues in a step-economical fashion. To do so, this study had three primary goals: identifying fungi that biosynthesized 1 and 2, enhancing their production by optimizing the fermentation conditions on the lab scale, and developing straight forward purification processes. After evaluating 536 fungal extracts via an in-house dereplication protocol, three strains were identified as producing cis-enone RALs (i.e., MSX78495, MSX63935, MSX45109). Screening these fungal strains on three grain-based media revealed enhanced production of 1 by strain MSX78495 on oatmeal medium, while rice medium increased the biosynthesis of 2 by strain MSX63935. Furthermore, the purification processes were improved, moving away from HPLC purification to utilizing two to four cycles of resuspension and centrifugation in small volumes of organic solvents, generating gram-scale quantities of these metabolites readily. In addition, studying the chemistry profiles of strains MSX78495 and MSX63935 resulted in the isolation of ten other RALs (3-12), two radicinin analogues (13-14), and six benzopyranones (15-20), with 19 and 20 being newly described chlorinated benzopyranones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer C Obike
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Mitchell P Croatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Al Subeh ZY, Raja HA, Monro S, Flores-Bocanegra L, El-Elimat T, Pearce CJ, McFarland SA, Oberlies NH. Enhanced Production and Anticancer Properties of Photoactivated Perylenequinones. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2490-2500. [PMID: 32786877 PMCID: PMC7493285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypocrellins and hypomycins are naturally occurring fungal perylenequinones with potential photodynamic activity against cancer and microbial diseases. This project pursued three lines of research. First, the production of perylenequinones was enhanced by investigating the effect of culture medium and light exposure on their biosynthesis. Solid-fermentation cultures on rice medium allowed for enhanced production of hypocrellins as compared to Cheerios or oatmeal medium. Alternatively, increased production of hypomycins, which are structurally related to the hypocrellins, was observed on oatmeal medium. In both cases, light exposure was an essential factor for the enhanced biosynthesis. In addition, this led to the discovery of two new perylenequinones, ent-shiraiachrome A (5) and hypomycin E (8), which were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. Finally, the photocytotoxic effects of both classes of compounds were evaluated against human skin melanoma, with EC50 values at nanomolar levels for hypocrellins and micromolar levels for hypomycins. In contrast, both classes of compounds showed reduced dark toxicity (EC50 values >100 μM), demonstrating promising phototherapeutic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y. Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Susan Monro
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Cedric J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Sherri A. McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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