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Cavalcante EF, Kassiano W, Ribeiro AS, Costa B, Cyrino LT, Cunha PM, Antunes M, Santos LD, Tomeleri CM, Nabuco HCG, Sugihara-Júnior P, Fernandes RR, Rodrigues RJ, Carneiro MAS, Pina FLC, Dib MM, Teixeira DC, Orsatti FL, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Cyrino ES. Resistance Training for Older Women: Do Adaptive Responses Support the ACSM and NSCA Position Stands? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1651-1659. [PMID: 37005493 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal intensity of resistance training (RT) to improve muscular, physical performance, and metabolic adaptations still needs to be well established for older adults. Based on current position statements, we compared the effects of two different RT loads on muscular strength, functional performance, skeletal muscle mass, hydration status, and metabolic biomarkers in older women. METHODS One hundred one older women were randomly allocated to perform a 12-wk whole-body RT program (eight exercises, three sets, three nonconsecutive days a week) into two groups: 8-12 repetitions maximum (RM) and 10-15RM. Muscular strength (1RM tests), physical performance (motor tests), skeletal muscle mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), hydration status (bioelectrical impedance), and metabolic biomarkers (glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein) were measured at baseline and posttraining. RESULTS Regarding muscular strength, 8-12RM promoted higher 1RM increases in chest press (+23.2% vs +10.7%, P < 0.01) and preacher curl (+15.7% vs +7.4%, P < 0.01), but not in leg extension (+14.9% vs +12.3%, P > 0.05). Both groups improved functional performance ( P < 0.05) in gait speed (4.6%-5.6%), 30 s chair stand (4.6%-5.9%), and 6 min walking (6.7%-7.0%) tests, with no between-group differences ( P > 0.05). The 10-15RM group elicited superior improves in the hydration status (total body water, intracellular and extracellular water; P < 0.01), and higher gains of skeletal muscle mass (2.5% vs 6.3%, P < 0.01), upper (3.9% vs 9.0%, P < 0.01) and lower limbs lean soft tissue (2.1% vs 5.4%, P < 0.01). Both groups improved their metabolic profile. However, 10-15RM elicited greater glucose reductions (-0.2% vs -4.9%, P < 0.05) and greater HDL-c increases (-0.2% vs +4.7%, P < 0.01), with no between-group differences for the other metabolic biomarkers ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 8-2RM seems more effective than 10-15RM for increasing upper limbs' muscular strength, whereas the adaptative responses for lower limbs and functional performance appear similar in older women. In contrast, 10-15RM seems more effective for skeletal muscle mass gains, and increased intracellular hydration and improvements in metabolic profile may accompany this adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilaine F Cavalcante
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | - Bruna Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | | | | | - Leandro Dos Santos
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | - Paulo Sugihara-Júnior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | - Marcelo A S Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Fábio L C Pina
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Márcia M Dib
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Denilson C Teixeira
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Fábio L Orsatti
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Paraná, BRAZIL
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Paraná, BRAZIL
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
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Buskard ANL, Petrella RJ. Resistance Training and Weight Loss in Older Adults: A Scoping Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:67. [PMID: 37526793 PMCID: PMC10393929 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) is one of the most effective interventions available to older adults wishing to slow the progressive loss of muscle size and strength known to occur with age. Less is known about the ability of RT to resist the onset of an equally problematic condition related to increased age: obesity. The objective of this scoping review was to characterize current research associated with RT and weight loss in older adults, including protocols, feasibility, and gaps in current knowledge. We searched six databases using variations of the terms "resistance training," "weight loss," and "older adults" for experimental or quasi-experimental studies published in the year 2009 or later. Studies were included if they featured at least one treatment group with a mean age of > 65 years that engaged in an RT-only exercise protocol with no aerobic or high-intensity interval component. Of the 6102 references identified by the initial database search, 24 were retained for analysis. Older women and older adults with obesity or sarcopenic obesity were the most studied groups (n = 13), followed by healthy community-dwelling older adults (n = 11) and studies involving older adults and some aspect of either dietary control or pharmaceutical intervention (n = 8). Significant between-study heterogeneity was observed in the RT characteristics researchers thought optimal for improving body composition measures in older adults. Changes in body composition, rather than total body mass, were found to be the essential variables to consider when evaluating the effectiveness of an RT intervention aimed at reducing chronic disease in older adults. Weight loss alone appears to be an incomplete and problematic outcome measure for older adults, with changes in body composition (ratio of fat mass to lean mass) being the more appropriate variable to emphasize in this population. However, it is important to note that only one study, showing questionably reproducible findings, found a significant lean body mass gain. The lack of abundant high-quality evidence demonstrating combined RT and a healthy diet can lead to significant fat loss and lean body mass gain, coupled with high attrition rates observed in many of the studies reviewed, highlight the need for further rigorous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N L Buskard
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Petrella
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Tomeleri CM, Cunha PM, Dib MM, Schiavoni D, Kassiano W, Costa B, Teixeira DC, Deminice R, Rodrigues RJ, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Cavaglieri CR, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Effect of Resistance Exercise Order on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1165. [PMID: 36673920 PMCID: PMC9859374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We compared the effects of two specific resistance training (RT) exercise orders on cardiovascular risk factors. Forty-four untrained older women (>60 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: control (CON, n = 15), multi-joint to single-joint (MJ-SJ, n = 14), and single-joint to multi-joint (SJ-MJ, n = 15) exercise orders. Training groups performed a whole-body RT program (eight exercises, 3 × 10−15 repetitions for each exercise) over 12 weeks in 3 days/week. Body fat, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, glucose, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, total radical-trapping antioxidant (TRAP), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), ferrous oxidation-xylenol (FOX), and nitric oxide concentrations (NOx) were determined pre- and post-intervention. Significant interaction group × time (p < 0.05) revealed reducing fat mass and trunk fat and improvements in glucose, LDL-c, IL-10, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, FOX, and AOPP concentrations in both training groups, without differences between them (p > 0.05). The results suggest that 12 weeks of RT, regardless of exercise order, elicit positive adaptations on body fat and metabolic biomarkers similarly in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisieli M. Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Paolo M. Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Márcia M. Dib
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Durcelina Schiavoni
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Denilson C. Teixeira
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Rodrigues
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Décio S. Barbosa
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R. Cavaglieri
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edilson S. Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
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Cunha PM, Nunes JP, Werneck AO, Ribeiro AS, da Silva Machado DG, Kassiano W, Costa BDV, Cyrino LT, Antunes M, Kunevaliki G, Tomeleri CM, Fernandes RR, Junior PS, Teixeira DC, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Qian YU, Herold F, Zou L, Mayhew JL, Stubbs B, Cyrino ES. Effect of Resistance Exercise Orders on Health Parameters in Trained Older Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:119-132. [PMID: 36044330 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the effects of four resistance exercise orders on muscular strength, body composition, functional fitness, cardiovascular risk factors, and mental health parameters in trained older women. METHODS The intervention lasted 63 wk. Sixty-one physically independent women (>60 yr) after completing a 12-wk resistance training (RT) preconditioning phase were randomized into four different exercise orders groups to perform 12 wk of RT: multijoint to single-joint and upper- to lower-body, single-joint to multijoint and upper- to lower-body, multijoint to single-joint and lower- to upper-body, and single-joint to multijoint and lower- to upper-body. This was followed by a 12-wk detraining period and another 12-wk RT in which exercise orders were crossed over between MJ-SJ and SJ-MJ conditions. Body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), muscular strength (one-repetition maximum tests), functional fitness (gait speed, walking agility, 30-s chair stand, and 6-min walk tests), cardiovascular risk factors (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, advanced oxidation protein product, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter, and nitric oxide), depressive (Geriatric Depression Scale) and anxiety symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory), and cognitive performance (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Trail Making, verbal fluency, and Stroop test) were analyzed. RESULTS After the final training period, all groups presented significant improvements ( P < 0.05) in almost all analyzed variables (muscular strength, body composition, functional tests, blood biomarkers, and mental health parameters), without significant difference among exercise orders. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that RT exercise orders in which MJ, SJ, upper, or lower-body exercises are performed first have similar effects on health parameters in trained older women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, BRAZIL
| | | | | | - Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Bruna D V Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Letícia T Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Melissa Antunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Gabriel Kunevaliki
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Paulo Sugihara Junior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Denilson C Teixeira
- Study and Research Group on Human Aging and Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Y U Qian
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, CHINA
| | | | - Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, CHINA
| | - Jerry L Mayhew
- Exercise Science Program, Truman State University. Kirksville, MO
| | | | - Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
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Miranda FB, de Castro JBP, dos Santos AOB, da Silva GCPSM, Nogueira CJ, Guimarães AC, Lima VP, Vale RGDS, Dantas EHM. Effects of resistance training on the functional autonomy of middle-aged and older women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-n508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Resistance Circuit Training or Walking Training: Which Program Improves Muscle Strength and Functional Autonomy More in Older Women? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148828. [PMID: 35886680 PMCID: PMC9319797 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of two programs (resistance and walking training) on the functional autonomy and muscle strength (isometric and dynamic) of older women, 67 subjects were divided randomly into three groups: resistance training (RTG; Mean = 64.70 ± 6.74 years), walking (WG, Mean = 65.56 ± 7.82 years), and control (CG; Mean = 64.81 ± 4.34). The experimental groups underwent a 16-week intervention. Muscle strength (isometric and dynamic) and functional autonomy were assessed. The subjects participating in the RTG showed improvements in the comparison pre to post-test in the maximal forces of upper limb (MULS) (Δ% = 49.48%; p = 0.001) and lower limb (MLLS) (Δ% = 56.70%; p = 0.001), isometric biceps forces (BIS) (Δ% = 30.13%; p = 0.001) and quadriceps forces (QIS) (Δ% = 65.92%; p = 0.001), and in the general index (GI) of functional autonomy (Δ% = −18.32%; p = 0.002). The WG improved in all functional autonomy tests, except for the standing up from prone position test (SVDP). In strength tests, the WG obtained improvements only in the QIS (Δ% = 41.80%; p = 0.001) and MLLS (Δ% = 49.13%; p = 0.001) tests. The RTG obtained better results (p < 0.05) when compared to the WG and CG. The results allow us to infer that resistance exercise programs are more effective in increasing strength and functional autonomy, a fact that may mitigate the deleterious effects on health of aging.
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Pereira LC, Nunes JP, Kassiano W, Aguiar AF, Ribeiro AS. Acute effect of different resistance training loads on perceived effort and affectivity in older women: a cross-over and randomized study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1333-1339. [PMID: 35023050 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of different resistance training loads on the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and feelings of pleasure displeasure (sFPD) of the session in older women. METHODS In a randomized, counterbalanced, and cross-over design, 16 older women (66.1 ± 3.9 years, 67.0 ± 8.4 kg, 154.1 ± 6.8 cm, 28.3 ± 4.4 kg/m2) performed 3 sets of 8 exercises in three experimental conditions, 1 session with a heavy load (HEV), one with a moderate load (MOD), and one session with a light load (LIT), all performed until momentary muscle failure. The sRPE and sFPD were assessed 15 min after the end of each session using specific scales. RESULTS A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed among conditions for sFPD in which HEV produced feelings of displeasure, and MOD produced greater feelings of pleasure (HEV = -1.38 ± 1.7, MOD = 3.38 ± 1.2, LIT = 0.69 ± 1.04). For sRPE, a significant (P < 0.05) difference was observed between MOD and LIT; whereby the LIT load induced a greater score compared to the MOD load (HEV = 4.56 ± 1.4, MOD = 4.31 ± 1.7, LIT = 5.75 ± 1.2). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the training load affects perceived effort and feelings of pleasure/displeasure when exercise is performed until concentric failure. The use of moderate loads induces greater pleasure feelings and a reduced degree of effort in older women.
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Thomas E, Gentile A, Lakicevic N, Moro T, Bellafiore M, Paoli A, Drid P, Palma A, Bianco A. The effect of resistance training programs on lean body mass in postmenopausal and elderly women: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2941-2952. [PMID: 33880736 PMCID: PMC8595144 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging and menopause are associated with morphological and functional changes which may lead to loss of muscle mass and therefore quality of life. Resistance training (RT) is an effective training mode to increase muscle mass. We reviewed the existing literature to identify studies implementing RT protocols and evaluating muscle hypertrophy exclusively in healthy, postmenopausal and elderly women. Participants’ age range was comprised between 50 and 80 years. The primary outcome observed was muscle hypertrophy. Fat mass was also evaluated, if available. PubMed and Web of Science were the screened database, and original articles written in English and published from 2000 up to 2020 were included. 26 articles were considered eligible and included. Quality assessment revealed a “moderate quality” of the included studies, however the majority of studies was able to reach level 4 of evidence and on overall grade of recommendation C. In total, data from 745 female participants subjected to different forms of resistance training were considered. Heterogeneity across studies was present regarding study design, intervention length (mean 16 weeks), training frequency (3 d/w), no. of exercises (n = 7.4) and participants’ age (65.8 ± 4.9 years). Small-to-moderate significant increases (k = 43; SMD = 0.44; 95% CI 0.28; 0.60; p < 0.0001) of lean body mass were observed in post-menopausal and elderly women, regardless of age, intervention period, weekly training frequency and no. of exercises. No effects were noted for fat mass (k = 17; SMD = 0.27; 95% CI − 0.02; 0.55; p = 0.07). Studies need to concentrate on providing information regarding training parameters to more effectively counteract the effects of aging and menopause on skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ambra Gentile
- PhD Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nemanja Lakicevic
- PhD Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 3, 35031, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 3, 35031, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Lovćenska 16, 2110, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
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Sun T, Xu Y, Xie H, Ma Z, Wang Y. Intelligent Personalized Exercise Prescription Based on an eHealth Promotion System to Improve Health Outcomes of Middle-Aged and Older Adult Community Dwellers: Pretest-Posttest Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28221. [PMID: 34028359 PMCID: PMC8185615 DOI: 10.2196/28221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A scientific, personalized, and quantitative exercise prescription that has the potential to be an important therapeutic agent for all ages in the prevention of chronic disease is highly recommended. However, it is often poorly implemented, as clinicians lack the necessary knowledge and skills while participants have low adherence due to design defects (eg, prescriptions fail to take individual willingness, the appeal of exercise, and complex physical conditions into account). Intelligent personalized prescription is thus worth exploring. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether a year-long cloud platform-based and intelligent personalized exercise prescription intervention could improve Chinese middle-aged and older adult community dwellers' health outcomes. METHODS A total of 177 participants (aged 52-85 years; mean 67.93, SD 7.05) were recruited from 2 Chinese community health service centers in Anhui Province, China. The exercise intervention was delivered over 12 months with a single-group pretest-posttest design. After being assessed in terms of physical activity, health-related lifestyle, history of chronic diseases and drug use, family history of disease and cardiovascular function, body composition, bone mineral density, and physical fitness through an eHealth promotion system, participants with relative contraindications for exercise were personally prescribed the health care exercise mode by an intelligent system, while those without relative contraindication and who had a regular exercise habit were prescribed the scientific fitness mode. Paired t tests were used for the analysis. RESULTS A total of 97 participants were classified into the health care mode, and the remaining 80 participants were assigned to the scientific fitness mode. Significant changes in heart rate (mean difference [MD] 2.97; 95% CI 1.1-4.84; P=.002), subendocardial viability ratio (MD -0.13; CI: -1.19 to -0.63; P<.001), weight (MD 0.99; CI 0.29-1.69; P=.006), BMI (MD 0.38; CI 0.11-0.64; P=.006), body fat rate (MD 0.88; CI 0.24-1.51; P=.007), fat mass (MD 0.92; CI 0.33-1.53; P=.003), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (MD: -0.72; CI -1.17 to -0.27; P=.002) were observed among participants with the health care mode exercise prescriptions at the 12-month postintervention versus the baseline assessment, while no changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, muscle mass, bone mineral density, t value, z value, balance, or ability were discerned. The results showed a functional decline in the physical fitness of both groups, including in handgrip strength (healthcare mode: MD 4.41; scientific fitness mode: MD 3.11), vital capacity (healthcare mode: MD 261.99; scientific fitness mode: MD 250.78), and agility (healthcare mode MD=-0.35; scientific fitness mode: MD=-0.39) with all P values <.001, except handgrip strength in the scientific fitness mode (P=.002). There were no significant differences in other parameters among participants with scientific fitness mode exercise prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS The observations suggest that our exercise prescription intervention program might promote certain health outcomes in Chinese middle-aged and older adult community dwellers, yet we are unable to recommend such a program given the existing limitations. Future randomized controlled trials with diverse samples are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Xie
- School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zuchang Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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