1
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Sarkar D, Dutta S, Hanusch F, Koley D, Inoue S. Synthesis and reactivity of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-supported heavier nitrile ylides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2391-2397. [PMID: 38362429 PMCID: PMC10866356 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of stable heavier analogues of nitrile ylide as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) adducts of phosphasilenyl-tetrylene [(NHC)(TerAr)Si(H)PE14(TerAr)] (E14 = Ge 1, Sn 2; TerAr = 2,6-Mes2C6H3, NHC = IMe4) are reported. The delocalized Si-P-E14 π-conjugation was examined experimentally and computationally. Interestingly, the germanium derivative 1 exhibits a 1,3-dipolar nature, leading to an unprecedented [3 + 2] cycloaddition with benzaldehyde, resulting in unique heterocycles containing four heteroatoms from group 14, 15, and 16. Further exploiting the nucleophilicity of germanium, activation of the P-P bond of P4 was achieved, leading to a [(NHC)(phosphasilenyl germapolyphide)] complex. Moreover, the [3 + 2] cycloaddition and the σ-bond activation by 1 resemble the characteristics of the classic nitrile ylide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debotra Sarkar
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741 246 India
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741 246 India
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
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2
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Yao WZ, Cai BG, Xuan J. Rhodium-Catalyzed [3+2]-Cycloaddition of in-situ Generated Nitrile Ylides with Nitrosoarenes. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301053. [PMID: 38108615 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the rhodium-catalyzed one-pot three-component reaction of diazo compounds, nitriles, and nitrosoarenes to construct 2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives. Mechanistic studies indicate that the transformation may proceed through the formation of nitrile ylides intermediates, which then undergo [3+2]-cycloaddition with nitrosoarenes. The strategy exhibits several synthetic advantages, including operational simplicity, good functional group tolerance, and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhong Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Gui Cai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
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3
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Han Z, Xue Y, Li X, Hu X, Dong XQ, Sun J, Huang H. Studies on the [4 + 2] cycloaddition and allylic substitution of indole-fused zwitterionic π-allylpalladium. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8162-8169. [PMID: 37782136 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The zwitterionic π-allylpalladium species, also known as dipoles, are important synthons widely used in various reactions including cycloaddition and allylic substitution. This study reported the development of a new indole-fused zwitterionic π-allylpalladium precursor compound and its application in [4 + 2] cycloaddition and allylic substitution reactions. As a result, the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinazolin-3-one and 7-vinyl indole compounds was achieved with moderate to good yields. Notably, the allylic substitution reaction exhibited excellent regio- and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Xinzhe Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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4
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Regioselective Synthesis of 5-Trifluoromethyl 1,2,4-Triazoles via [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Nitrile Imines with CF 3CN. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196568. [PMID: 36235104 PMCID: PMC9572902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein describe a general approach to 5-trifluoromethyl 1,2,4-triazoles via the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of nitrile imines generated in situ from hydrazonyl chloride with CF3CN, utilizing 2,2,2-trifluoroacetaldehyde O-(aryl)oxime as the precursor of trifluoroacetonitrile. Various functional groups, including alkyl-substituted hydrazonyl chloride, were tolerated during cycloaddition. Furthermore, the gram-scale synthesis and common downstream transformations proved the potential synthetic relevance of this developed methodology.
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5
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Song L, Lai Y, Li H, Ding J, Yao H, Su Q, Huang B, Ouyang MA, Tong R. Environmentally Benign and User-Friendly In Situ Generation of Nitrile Imines from Hydrazones for 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10550-10554. [PMID: 35866673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile imines are highly reactive and versatile dipoles and conventionally generated in situ from unstable hydrazonyl halides under basic conditions. Herein, we report the first green and user-friendly protocol for in situ generation of nitrile imines from Oxone-KBr oxidation of hydrazones and base-promoted dehydrobromination. The nitrile imines were demonstrated for 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with various dipolarophiles, including alkene and alkyne groups. With its green nature, ease of operation, and air and moisture tolerance, we expect our method will find wide applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yunrong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hongzuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jipeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Su
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ming-An Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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Zhou Y, Gao CF, Ma H, Nie J, Ma JA, Zhang FG. Quadruple Functionalized Pyrazole Pharmacophores via One-pot Regioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Fluorinated Nitrile Imines and Dicyanoalkenes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200436. [PMID: 35603760 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a quadruple functionalization approach for the modular construction of fully substituted N 1 -aryl 3-di/trifluoro-methyl-4/5-cyanopyrazole pharmacophores from readily available hydrazonyl chlorides and dicyanoalkenes. The realization of this [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction hinges upon the employment of N -aryl di/trifluoromethyl nitrile imines as the 1,3-dipoles to bypass external synthetic steps and dicyanoalkenes as the dipolarophiles to tune the regioselectivity. This one-pot strategy offers access to a divergent library of cyano analogues of prevalent 3-di/trifluoromethyl pyrazole pharmacophores, among which several compounds have shown potent inhibitory activity towards cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) compared with marketed drug Celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhou
- Tianjin University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | | | - Hai Ma
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Jing Nie
- Tianjin University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Tianjin University, Department of Chemistry, School of Science,, No. 92, Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- Tianjin University, Department of Chemistry, 92 WEIJIN Road, 300072, Tianjin, CHINA
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7
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Zhu Y, Liu T, Liu B, Shi H, Tan Q, Xu B. From α-keto acids to nitrile oxides enabled by copper nitrate: a facile access to fused isoxazolines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01574e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented generation of nitrile oxides was developed from α-keto acids and copper nitrate through a novel carbon–carbon bond cleavage mode, affording pharmacologically interesting fused isoxazolines via 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Houguang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Amide Bond Formation via the Rearrangement of Nitrile Imines Derived from N-2-Nitrophenyl Hydrazonyl Bromides. Org Lett 2021; 24:334-338. [PMID: 34964648 PMCID: PMC8762704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report how the rearrangement of highly reactive nitrile imines derived from N-2-nitrophenyl hydrazonyl bromides can be harnessed for the facile construction of amide bonds. This amidation reaction was found to be widely applicable to the synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides and was used as the key step in the synthesis of the lipid-lowering agent bezafibrate. The orthogonality and functional group tolerance of this approach was exemplified by the N-acylation of unprotected amino acids.
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