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Lv C, Li X, Yang G, Chen H, Li C. Chemical Synthesis of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Tetrasaccharide with Fucosyl Branch at the 6-OH of GalNAc Residue. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:184. [PMID: 38667801 PMCID: PMC11051034 DOI: 10.3390/md22040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate is a unique glycosaminoglycan isolated from sea cucumbers, with excellent anticoagulant activity. The fucosyl branch in FCS is generally located at the 3-OH of D-glucuronic acid but, recently, a novel structure with α-L-fucose linked to the 6-OH of N-acetyl-galactosamine has been found. Here, using functionalized monosaccharide building blocks, we prepared novel FCS tetrasaccharides with fucosyl branches both at the 6-OH of GalNAc and 3-OH of GlcA. In the synthesis, the protective group strategy of selective O-sulfation, as well as stereoselective glycosylation, was established, which enabled the efficient synthesis of the specific tetrasaccharide compounds. This research enriches knowledge on the structural types of FCS oligosaccharides and facilitates the exploration of the structure-activity relationship in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haijiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Miyagawa A, Yamamoto N, Ohno A, Yamamura H. Preparation of β-1,3-glucan mimics via modification of polymer backbone, and evaluation of cytokine production using the polymer library in immune activation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130546. [PMID: 38442833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
β-1,3-Glucans possess therapeutic potential owing to their ability to exhibit immunostimulating activity. β-1,3-Glucans, isolated from various organisms, differ in their chemical structures, molecular weight, and branching degree, potentially forming particulate, helix, or random coil conformations in water. Therefore, this study used synthesized β-1,3-glucan mimic polymers to investigate the difference in binding affinity for dectin-1 and induced cytokine productions based on polymer structures. The β-1,3-glucan mimic polymers were synthesized using β-1,3-glucan tetrasaccharyl monomer, with subsequent modifications to the polymer backbones through the introduction of hydrogen or a hydroxy group. Polymers with different structures in both ligands and polymer backbones were utilized to comprehensively investigate their binding affinity to dectin-1 and cytokine-inducing in macrophages. Hydroxylated polymers exhibited a high binding affinity for dectin-1, similar to that of schizophyllan, whereas the polymer composed of only saccharyl monomers did not bind to dectin-1. Further, when administered to macrophage RAW264 cells, polymers with branched and hydrophobic polymer backbones exhibited strong cytokine-inducing activities. Moreover, the results revealed that the essential factors for cytokine induction include the branches of β-1,3-glucans, high (tens of thousands) molecular weights, and hydrophobicity. The results suggests that artificial polymers comprising these factors exhibit immunostimulating activity and could be developed as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Miyagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Nami Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Ayane Ohno
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hatsuo Yamamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
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Ota T, Saburi W, Komba S, Mori H. Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide derivatives with partial structure of β1-3/1-6 glucan, using monomeric units for the formation of β1-3 and β1-6 glucosidic linkages. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1111-1121. [PMID: 37407435 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
β1-3/1-6 Glucans, known for their diverse structures, comprise a β1-3-linked main chain and β1-6-linked short branches. Laminarin, a β1-3/1-6 glucan extracted from brown seaweed, for instance, includes β1-6 linkages even in the main chain. The diverse structures provide various beneficial functions for the glucan. To investigate the relationship between structure and functionality, and to enable the characterization of β1-3/1-6 glucan-metabolizing enzymes, oligosaccharides containing the exact structures of β1-3/1-6 glucans are required. We synthesized the monomeric units for the synthesis of β1-3/1-6 mixed-linked glucooligosaccharides. 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-d-glucopyranoside served as an acceptor in the formation of β1-3 linkages. Phenyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-1-thio-β-d-glucopyranoside and phenyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4,6-di-O-levulinyl-1-thio-β-d-glucopyranoside acted as donors, synthesizing acceptors suitable for the formation of β1-3- and β1-6-linkages, respectively. These were used to synthesize a derivative of Glcβ1-6Glcβ1-3Glcβ1-3Glc, demonstrating that the proposed route can be applied to synthesize the main chain of β-glucan, with the inclusion of both β1-3 and β1-6 linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ota
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Komba
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Shen K, Bai B, Liu YH, Lowary TL. Synthesis of a Tridecasaccharide Lipooligosaccharide Antigen from the Opportunistic Pathogen Mycobacterium kansasii. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24859-24863. [PMID: 34553821 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The outer surfaces of mycobacteria, including the organism that causes tuberculosis, are decorated with an array of immunomodulatory glycans. Among these are lipooligosaccharides (LOSs), a class of molecules for which the function remains poorly understood. We describe the chemical synthesis of the glycan portion of a tridecasaccharide LOS from the opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium kansasii. The target contains a number of unusual structural motifs that complicate its assembly and is the most complex mycobacterial LOS glycan to be synthesized to date when considering size and number of unique monosaccharides and glycosidic linkages. These studies not only provide a roadmap for the preparation of additional members of this family of glycans, but also provides a valuable probe for use in structure-activity relationship investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yu-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Section 2, #128, Nangang Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National (Taiwan) University, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, #1, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Shen K, Bai B, Liu Y, Lowary TL. Synthesis of a Tridecasaccharide Lipooligosaccharide Antigen from the Opportunistic Pathogen
Mycobacterium kansasii. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Yu‐Hsuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica Academia Road, Section 2, #128 Nangang Taipei 11529 Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences National (Taiwan) University Roosevelt Road, Section 4, #1 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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