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Hussain A, Azam S, Maqsood R, Anwar R, Akash MSH, Hussain H, Wang D, Imran M, Kotwica-Mojzych K, Khan S, Hussain S, Ayub MA. Chemistry, biosynthesis, and theranostics of antioxidant flavonoids and polyphenolics of genus Rhododendron: an overview. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03428-6. [PMID: 39276249 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The genus Rhododendron is an ancient and most widely distributed genus of the family Ericaceae consisting of evergreen plant species that have been utilized as traditional medicine since a very long time for the treatment of various ailments including pain, asthma, inflammation, cold, and acute bronchitis. The chemistry of polyphenolics isolated from a number of species of the genus Rhododendron has been investigated. During the currently designed study, an in-depth study on the phytochemistry, natural distribution, biosynthesis, and pharmacological properties including their potential capability as free radical scavengers has been conducted. This work provides structural characteristics of phenolic compounds isolated from the species of Rhododendron with remarkable antioxidant potential. In addition, biosynthesis and theranostic study have also been encompassed with the aims to furnish a wide platform of valuable information for designing of new drug entities. The detailed information including names, structural features, origins, classification, biosynthetic pathways, theranostics, and pharmacological effects of about 171 phenolics and flavonoids isolated from the 36 plant species of the genus Rhododendron with the antioxidant potential has been covered in this manuscript. This study demonstrated that species of Rhododendron genus have excellent antioxidant activities and great potential as a source for natural health products. This comprehensive review might serve as a foundation for more investigation into the Rhododendron genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Azam
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Maqsood
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Anwar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | | | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych
- Chair of Fundamental Sciences, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Havelian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, 15100, Pakistan
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Bourgeois A, Lemos JAS, Roucheray S, Sergerie A, Richard D. The Paradigm Shift of Using Natural Molecules Extracted from Northern Canada to Combat Malaria. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:543-560. [PMID: 39051241 PMCID: PMC11270350 DOI: 10.3390/idr16040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases, such as malaria, are an immense burden to many low- and middle-income countries. In 2022, 249 million cases and 608,000 deaths were reported by the World Health Organization for malaria alone. Climate change, conflict, humanitarian crises, resource constraints and diverse biological challenges threaten progress in the elimination of malaria. Undeniably, the lack of a commercialized vaccine and the spread of drug-resistant parasites beg the need for novel approaches to treat this infectious disease. Most approaches for the development of antimalarials to date take inspiration from tropical or sub-tropical environments; however, it is necessary to expand our search. In this review, we highlight the origin of antimalarial treatments and propose new insights in the search for developing novel antiparasitic treatments. Plants and microorganisms living in harsh and cold environments, such as those found in the largely unexploited Northern Canadian boreal forest, often demonstrate interesting properties that are not found in other environments. Most prominently, the essential oil of Rhododendron tomentosum spp. Subarcticum from Nunavik and mortiamides isolated from Mortierella species found in Nunavut have shown promising activity against Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bourgeois
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.B.); (J.A.S.L.); (S.R.); (A.S.)
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Juliana Aline Souza Lemos
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.B.); (J.A.S.L.); (S.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Stéphanie Roucheray
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.B.); (J.A.S.L.); (S.R.); (A.S.)
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Audrey Sergerie
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.B.); (J.A.S.L.); (S.R.); (A.S.)
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dave Richard
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.B.); (J.A.S.L.); (S.R.); (A.S.)
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Vengrytė M, Raudonė L. Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Rhododendron Subsect. Ledum: Discovering the Medicinal Potential of Labrador Tea Species in the Northern Hemisphere. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:901. [PMID: 38592945 PMCID: PMC10975282 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Rhododendron subsect. Ledum is a distinct taxonomic subdivision within the genus Rhododendron, comprising a group of evergreen shrubs and small trees. This review will comprehensively analyse the phytochemical profiles and biological properties of the Rhododendron subsect. Ledum species subsect. Ledum consists of eight plant species indigenous to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, collectively known as Labrador tea. Recent investigations have concentrated on the phytochemical constituents of these plants due to limited data, emphasizing their evergreen nature and potential industrial significance. This review summarizes their major phytochemical constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, and discusses their potential biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Traditional uses of these plant species align with scientific findings, emphasizing the significance of these plants in traditional medicine. However, despite promising results, gaps exist in our understanding of specific compounds' therapeutic effects, necessitating further research for comprehensive validation. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, identifying current knowledge, uncertainties, and emerging trends in the study of the Rhododendron subsect. Ledum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Vengrytė
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Lina Raudonė
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Séguin JC, Gagnon D, Bélanger S, Richard D, Fernandez X, Boudreau S, Voyer N. Chemical Composition and Antiplasmodial Activity of the Essential Oil of Rhododendron subarcticum Leaves from Nunavik, Québec, Canada. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16729-16737. [PMID: 37214733 PMCID: PMC10193425 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf Labrador tea, Rhododendron subarcticum Harmaja, is a popular medicinal plant in use by First Nations of Northern Canada, but its phytochemistry has remained largely unexplored. We have isolated and characterized the essential oil from a population of this species harvested near the treeline in Nunavik, Québec. Analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography/flame-ionization detection (GC/FID) led to the identification of 53 compounds; the main secondary metabolites were ascaridole (64.7% of the total FID area) and p-cymene (21.1%). Such a composition resembles a chemotype observed for R. tomentosum, a close relative found mainly in Europe and Asia, but has never been attributed to R. subarcticum. Growth inhibition assays against different strains of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7, Dd2), the parasite responsible for the most severe form of malaria, were conducted with either the R. subarcticum's essential oil or the isolated ascaridole. Our results show that the essential oil's biological activity can be attributed to ascaridole as its IC50 is more than twice that of ascaridole [ascaridole's IC50 values are 147.3 nM (3D7) and 104.9 nM (Dd2)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Séguin
- Département
de chimie and PROTEO, Université
Laval, 1045 av. De la Médecine, G1V
0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre
d’études nordiques, Université
Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, G1V 0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominic Gagnon
- Centre
de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université
Laval, 2705 boulevard
Laurier, G1V 4G2 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Bélanger
- Département
de chimie and PROTEO, Université
Laval, 1045 av. De la Médecine, G1V
0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Dave Richard
- Département
de microbiologie-infectiologie et d’immunologie, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, G1V 4G2 Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre
de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université
Laval, 2705 boulevard
Laurier, G1V 4G2 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Université
Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Nice 06108, France
| | - Stéphane Boudreau
- Centre
d’études nordiques, Université
Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, G1V 0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département
de biologie, Université Laval, 1045 av. De la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Normand Voyer
- Département
de chimie and PROTEO, Université
Laval, 1045 av. De la Médecine, G1V
0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre
d’études nordiques, Université
Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, G1V 0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
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Chaudhary MK, Misra A, Srivastava PK, Srivastava S. Influence of Seasonal Variation on Diosgenin Content in Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm. Rhizome Quantified Through Validated RP-HPLC-PDA Method. Pharmacogn Mag 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09731296221137404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm. (Syn. Cheilocostus speciosus) is an ethnic anti-diabetic plant, used for its high diosgenin content. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal variation of diosgenin content in Costus speciosus rhizome, quantified through validated RP-HPLC method. Materials and Methods The rhizomes were collected in four different seasons, such as rainy (August), autumn (October), winter (February) and summer (May), from Lucknow, India. The HPLC method validation was done in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability, accuracy, sensitivity and robustness. Results Diosgenin was separated under isocratic elution on an RP-HPLC column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water, eluted at retention time (Rt) of 18.396 min and content was calculated with the help of standard curve. The limit of detection and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 522.68 and 1583.90 ng (nanogram), respectively. The diosgenin content varies significantly in different seasons. Conclusion The diosgenin content was found higher in rainy (193.97 µg/mg) season and was concluded to be optimum season for collection of rhizomes as quality raw material. Harvesting at optimal season may fulfill the commercial demand of diosgenin and may reduce the diosgenin-intended overexploitation of the species from the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Kant Chaudhary
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Botany, KS Saket PG College, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Misra
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sharad Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Akwongo B, Katuura E, Nsubuga AM, Tugume P, Andama M, Anywar G, Namaganda M, Asimwe S, Kakudidi EK. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants utilized in the management of candidiasis in Northern Uganda. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:78. [PMID: 36242066 PMCID: PMC9569084 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of resistant Candida species to antifungal drugs has led to resurgence in herbal usage globally. However, little is known about anti-candida plants. This study explored ethnomedicinal plants as treatment option for candidiasis in Pader, Northern Uganda.
Methods A cross-sectional survey of potential anti-candida plants was conducted using questionnaires, focus group discussions and field observations in March 2022. Sixty-three respondents were selected by snowball technique. The frequencies of respondents/responses were analyzed, associations of respondents’ socio-demographics with indigenous knowledge of herbal usage established by Chi-square (χ2) test using SPSS 27. Informant Consensus Factor was computed to establish level of agreement on herbal usage, and thematic analysis done for focus group discussions. Results Candidiasis is still common and troublesome in Pader. All herbalist had equal chances of receiving and treating candidiasis patients irrespective of herbalist’s gender, age, education level, occupation, marital status and religion (p > 0.05). About 39.7% of herbalists received candidiasis patients weekly (p < 0.01). All herbalists had knowledge on candidiasis. Death (56.8%) and discomfort (36.8%) were the major health risks of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), respectively. A total of 32 potential anti-candida plant species in 18 families were identified. Families of Fabaceae (9 species) and Asteraceae (5 species) had most plant species. Trees (50.0%) and herbs (43.8%) were the dominant life forms. The commonest plants by frequency of mention were: Momordica foetida (26), Sansevieria dawei (20), Khaya anthotheca (15), Piliostigma thonningii (10), Clerodendrum umbellatum (7), Hallea rubrostipulata (5) and unidentified plant, ‘Agaba/daa layata’ in Acholi dialect (5). Plant parts mainly used were roots (56.3%) and stem barks (15.6%) harvested majorly by cutting (46.9%) and uprooting (12.5%). Most respondents (females, 95%) preferred herbal to western medication (p < 0.01) due to its perceived effectiveness. There was high consensus among herbalists on herbal remedies for OPC and VVC (FIC = 0.9). Conclusions Pader communities have diverse indigenous knowledge on candidiasis and prefer herbal medicines to orthodox treatment for candidiasis. However, the herbalists use unsustainable harvesting techniques like uprooting whole plants and cutting main roots. Hence, the need to document such indigenous knowledge before being lost for community usage and scientific validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Akwongo
- Department of Plant Science, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda.
| | - Esther Katuura
- Department of Plant Science, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anthony M Nsubuga
- Department of Plant Science, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patience Tugume
- Department of Plant Science, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Morgan Andama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda
| | - Godwin Anywar
- Department of Plant Science, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Namaganda
- Department of Plant Science, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Savina Asimwe
- Department of Plant Science, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esezah Kyomugisha Kakudidi
- Department of Plant Science, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Amroun D, Hamoudi M, Khennouf S, Boutefnouchet S, Harzallah D, Amrane M, Dahamna S. In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity and safety assessment of the aqueous extract of Algerian Erica arborea L. (Ericaceae) aerial parts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113881. [PMID: 33508369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erica arborea known as Khlenj in Algeria is a small shrub belonging to Ericaceae family. E. arborea Aqueous extract (EAAE) is used in traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antimicrobial, and antiulcer purposes. AIM OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, no data reveal the combination between in-vivo anti-inflammatory and toxicological studies of EAAE. For this purpose, the aim of this study is to evaluate the biological activity cited above and assess its safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity was undergone using carrageenan-induced paw edema and croton oil-induced ear edema. The acute and sub-acute toxicity were conducted following the OECD guidelines 423 and 407, respectively. Phytochemical identification was carried out using HPLC-DAD-MS. Quantitative evaluation of polyphenols; flavonoids and antioxidant activity of EAAE were also determined. RESULTS Oral administration of EAAE (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the edema induced by carrageenan. Administration of EAAE dosed at 250 and 500 mg/kg exhibited efficacy in reducing edema induced by croton oil. The acute administration of EAAE at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg did not cause any mortality or adverse effects indicating that the LD50 is above 5000 mg/kg. The prolonged administration of EAAE (500 and 1000 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in triglycerides levels in male and female rats whereas no significant changes in other biochemical and hematological parameters were observed. Histopathological damages were recorded in both liver and kidney animal's tissues of both sexes treated with medium and maximum doses of EAAE. Phytochemical characterization of EAAE revealed a high amount of phenolic compounds, HPLC-DAD-MS analysis led to the identification of chlorogenic acid and five flavonol glycosides: myricetin pentoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-pentoside, and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside. CONCLUSION In the light of the results obtained in this study, EAAE corroborates the popular use to treat the anti-inflammatory impairments. EAAE can be considered as non-toxic in acute administration and exhibited a moderate toxicity in sub-acute administration. High phenolic content and in-vitro antioxidant activity observed indicate that EAAE may reduce oxidative stress markers in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djouher Amroun
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Meriem Hamoudi
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Seddik Khennouf
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Sabrina Boutefnouchet
- CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS, Health Faculty, UFR Pharmacy, University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Daoud Harzallah
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Mounira Amrane
- Genetic, Cardiovascular & Nutritional Diseases Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif, 19000, Algeria; Central Laboratory, CAC Hospital of Setif, Faculty of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif, 19000, Algeria, Algeria.
| | - Saliha Dahamna
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
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Dai L, He J, Miao X, Guo X, Shang X, Wang W, Li B, Wang Y, Pan H, Zhang J. Multiple Biological Activities of Rhododendron przewalskii Maxim. Extracts and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS Characterization of Their Phytochemical Composition. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:599778. [PMID: 33732152 PMCID: PMC7957927 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.599778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud:Rhododendron przewalskii Maxim. is an evergreen shrub that is used as a traditional medicine in China. However, the modern pharmacology and the chemical components of this plant has not been studied. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and underlying mechanism of its aqueous and ethanol extracts, and analyze their chemical composition and active compounds of R. przewalskii. Methods: The antifungal activity was determined in vitro, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and underlying mechanism of its aqueous and ethanol extracts were evaluated in vitro and in RAW 264.7 cells. The chemical composition were analyzed using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS, and the contents of six compounds were determined via HPLC. Results: Both extracts of R. przewalskii showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in vitro; decreased the production of four inflammatory cytokines, namely, nitric oxide, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-ɑ, in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide; and exhibited weak cytotoxicity. The extracts significantly scavenged DPPH radicals, superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals to exert antioxidant effects in vitro. The two extracts also exhibited cellular antioxidant activity by increasing superoxide dismutase and CAT activities and decreasing malondialdehyde content in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. However, the antifungal activity of the two extracts was weak. Nine flavonoids were identified by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. Of these, six compounds were analyzed quantitatively, including avicularin, quercetin, azaleatin, astragalin and kaempferol, and five compounds (myricetin 3-O-galactoside, paeoniflorin, astragalin, azaleatin and kaempferol) were found in this species for the first time. These compounds demonstrated antioxidant activities that were similar to those of the R. przewalskii extracts and were thought to be the active compounds in the extracts. Conclusion:R. przewalskii extracts presented promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The extracts contained amounts of valuable flavonoids (8.98 mg/g fresh material) that were likely the active compounds in the extract contributing to the potential antioxidant activity. These results highlight the potential of R. przewalskii as a source of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Dai
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolou Miao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Tibetan Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China.,State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Development, Xining, China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Development, Xining, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hu Pan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Shotyk W, Javed MB, Noernberg T. Trace elements in Labrador Tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum): How predominant sources to the plants impact the chemical composition of hot water extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109272. [PMID: 32113170 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Labrador Tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum) has been an important food and medicinal plant to First Nations communities in North America for millenia, but little is known of its geochemical properties. Using plants from 10 sites in 4 provinces, including pristine and industrial regions, and employing the metal-free, ultraclean SWAMP laboratory facilities and procedures, we provide an estimate of the natural abundance of trace elements in the leaves, and the extent of their release during hot water extraction. Elements decrease in abundance in the order Mn > Al > Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > V > Pb > La > Mo > Y > La > Tl > Cd > Th > Ag. The greatest concentrations of conservative, lithophile elements such as Al, La, Th and Y, are found in samples collected on lands reclaimed from open pit bitumen mines in northern Alberta, reflecting elevated inputs of atmospheric dusts. In contrast, micronutrients such as Cu and Zn are remarkably uniform which suggests that these are supplied almost exclusively by plant uptake via roots. Deionized, reverse osmosis water is more effective in removing some elements (e.g. Al, La, Y, Fe, Zn, Cd) whereas others are more readily extracted using groundwater (e.g. Cu, Ni, Pb); V behaves independently of water composition. In both types of water, the elements most readily extracted are plant micronutrients (Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn) whereas those supplied primarily by dust exhibit much lower yields; Al shows behaviour intermediate between these two extremes. While element concentrations in the infusions increase with increasing concentrations in the leaves, the abundance of potentially toxic chalcophile elements such as Cd, Pb, Sb and Tl in the infusions are extremely low (ng/l). Plants from British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec provide evidence of atmospheric Pb contamination, yielding greater ratios of Pb/La compared to the samples from Alberta where crustal values are found. Given that this plant is common and found across the northern half of the continent, it shows great promise as a tool for biomonitoring of air quality. For consumers, Labrador Tea may represent an important dietary source of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shotyk
- Bocock Chair for Agriculture and the Environment, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 348B South Academic Building, Edmonton, T6G 2H1, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | - Tommy Noernberg
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada.
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Chang J, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Aschner M, Lu R. Plant components can reduce methylmercury toxication: A mini-review. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jesionek A, Kokotkiewicz A, Mikosik-Roczynska A, Ciesielska-Figlon K, Luczkiewicz P, Bucinski A, Daca A, Witkowski JM, Bryl E, Zabiegala B, Luczkiewicz M. Chemical variability of Rhododendron tomentosum (Ledum palustre) essential oils and their pro-apoptotic effect on lymphocytes and rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104402. [PMID: 31672661 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhododendron tomentosum (Ledum palustre) is an aromatic plant traditionally used for alleviating rheumatic complaints which makes it a potential candidate for a natural drug in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. However, the effects of plants' volatiles on apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts and infiltrating leucocytes of RA synovia, have not been reported. Volatile fraction of R. tomentosum is chemically variable and chemotypes of the plants need to be defined if the oil is to be used for therapeutic purposes. In the presented work, cluster analysis of literature data enabled to define 10 chemotypes of the plant. The volatile fractions of known composition were then tested for bioactivity using a RA-specific in vitro models. Essential oils of two wild types (γ-terpineol and palustrol/ledol type) and one in vitro chemotype (ledene oxide type) were obtained by hydrodistillation and their bioactivity was tested in two in vitro models: I - peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy volunteers and II - synoviocytes and immune cells isolated from synovia of RA patients. The influence of oils on blood lymphocytes' proliferation and apoptosis rates of synovia-derived cells was determined by flow cytometry. Dose-dependent inhibitory effect of the serial dilutions of R. tomentosum oils on proliferation rates of blood lymphocytes was found. At 1:400 dilutions, all the tested oils increased the number of necrotic cells in synovial fibroblasts from RA synovia. Additionally, increased proportions of late apoptotic cells were observed in leucocyte populations subjected to oils at 1:400 dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jesionek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Mikosik-Roczynska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Luczkiewicz
- II Clinic of Orthopaedics and Kinetic Organ Traumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Bucinski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bozena Zabiegala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
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Pelletier G, Feng YL, Leingartner K, Black P. Co-administration of a Rhododendron tomentosum extract does not affect mercury tissue concentrations and excretion rate in methylmercury-treated adult male rats. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:369. [PMID: 31262338 PMCID: PMC6604137 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Consumption of fish/seafood is clearly linked to higher mercury levels in human tissue samples. However, correlations between methylmercury (MeHg) intakes calculated from dietary surveys and mercury body burdens are usually weak and can vary across populations. Different factors may affect MeHg absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, including co-exposures to phytochemicals and antibiotics, which were shown to affect mercury body burdens in rodents. Based on the observation that rat pups developmentally exposed to MeHg and a Rhododendron tomentosum extract (Labrador Tea) presented significantly higher blood mercury levels at weaning compared to pups exposed to MeHg alone, the modulation of MeHg toxicokinetics by Labrador Tea was further investigated in adult rats. Results Total mercury levels were quantified in the blood, liver, kidney and feces of adult male rats exposed to MeHg (1.2 mg/kg bodyweight/day, for 3 weeks) administered either alone or in combination with Labrador Tea (100 mg/kg bodyweight/day) or with an antibiotics cocktail (to inhibit MeHg demethylation by gut bacteria). While the reduced fecal excretion and higher blood mercury levels expected from antibiotics-treated rats were observed, mercury levels in samples from Labrador Tea-treated rats were not significantly different from those measured in samples from rats exposed to MeHg alone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4409-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pelletier
- Hazard Identification Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Environmental Health Centre, 50 Colombine Driveway, P.L. 0803B, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Leingartner
- Hazard Identification Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Environmental Health Centre, 50 Colombine Driveway, P.L. 0803B, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Paleah Black
- Hazard Identification Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Environmental Health Centre, 50 Colombine Driveway, P.L. 0803B, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Tai Y, Zou F, Zhang Q, Wang J, Rao R, Xie R, Wu S, Chu K, Xu W, Li X, Huang M. Quantitative Analysis of Eight Triterpenoids and Two Sesquiterpenoids in Rhizoma Alismatis by Using UPLC-ESI/APCI-MS/MS and Its Application to Optimisation of Best Harvest Time and Crude Processing Temperature. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:8320171. [PMID: 31485369 PMCID: PMC6710727 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8320171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma Alismatis (RA), widely known as "Ze-Xie" in China, is the tuber of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep (Alismaceae), a Chinese herbal medicine that has been used to treat hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, dysuria, and inflammation. In this study, a sensitive and reliable method based on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) couple with two ionisation modes, including electrospray ionisation (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS), namely, UPLC-ESI/APCI-MS/MS was developed and validated to simultaneously determine 8 triterpenoids (ESI mode) and 2 sesquiterpenoids (APCI mode) in RA. Ten marker compounds were analysed with a Waters' CORTECS UPLC C18 column (200 mm × 2.1 m, 1.6 μm) and gradient elution with water (contained 0.1% formic) and acetonitrile within 7 min. The established method was validated for linearity, intra- and interday precisions, accuracy, recovery, and stability. The calibration curve for 10 marker compounds showed good linear regression (r > 0.9971). The limits of detection and quantification for analytes were 0.14-1.67 ng/mL and 0.44-5.65 ng/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD, %) and accuracy (RE, %) of intra- and interday precisions were less than 3.83% and 1.21% and 3.22% and 1.46%, repeatability and stability for real samples were less than 2.78% and 3.19%, respectively. All recoveries of the 10 marker compounds ranged from 97.24% to 102.49% with RSDs less than 4.05%. The developed method efficiently determined the 10 marker compounds in RA and was subsequently applied to optimise harvest time and crude processing temperature. The result indicated the 90% wilted phase and 70°C (or lower) may be the best harvest time and the processing temperature of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Tai
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Fuxian Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qiurong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Ronghui Rao
- Nanping Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Fujian Province, Jianyang 354200, Fujian, China
| | - Ruihua Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shuisheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Kedan Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Mingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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14
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McGill CM, Tomco PL, Ondrasik RM, Belknap KC, Dwyer GK, Quinlan DJ, Kircher TA, Andam CP, Brown TJ, Claxton DF, Barth BM. Therapeutic effect of Northern Labrador tea extracts for acute myeloid leukemia. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1636-1641. [PMID: 29701283 PMCID: PMC7992109 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that is one of the more common pediatric malignancies in addition to occurring with high incidence in the aging population. Unfortunately, these patient groups are quite sensitive to toxicity from chemotherapy. Northern Labrador tea, or Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja (a.k.a. Ledum palustre subsp. decumbens) or "tundra tea," is a noteworthy medicinal plant used by indigenous peoples in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland to treat a diversity of ailments. However, laboratory investigations of Northern Labrador tea, and other Labrador tea family members, as botanical sources for anticancer compounds have been limited. Utilizing an AML cell line in both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as in vitro studies using primary human AML patient samples, this study demonstrated for the first time that Northern Labrador tea extracts can exert anti-AML activity and that this may be attributed to ursolic acid as a constituent component. Therefore, this medicinal herb holds the potential to serve as a source for further drug discovery efforts to isolate novel anti-AML compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. McGill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage,
Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
| | - Patrick L. Tomco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage,
Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
| | - Regina M. Ondrasik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine,
Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Kaitlyn C. Belknap
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences,
University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Gaelen K. Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage,
Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
| | - Daniel J. Quinlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage,
Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
| | - Thomas A. Kircher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage,
Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
| | - Cheryl P. Andam
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences,
University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Timothy J. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine,
Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - David F. Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine,
Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Brian M. Barth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine,
Hershey, PA 17033 USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences,
University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
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Assessing the Effectiveness of Arnica montana and Rhododendron tomentosum (Ledum palustre) in the Reduction of Ecchymosis and Edema After Oculofacial Surgery: Preliminary Results. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 33:47-52. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Kenyan Leafy Green Vegetables, Wild Fruits, and Medicinal Plants with Potential Relevance for Kwashiorkor. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:807158. [PMID: 26236384 PMCID: PMC4510108 DOI: 10.1155/2015/807158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Inflammation, together with related oxidative stress, is linked with the etiology of kwashiorkor, a form of severe acute malnutrition in children. A diet rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phytochemicals may offer potential for the prevention and treatment of kwashiorkor. We selected and assayed five leafy green vegetables, two wild fruits, and six medicinal plants from Kenya for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Consensus regarding medicinal plant use was established from ethnobotanical data. Methods. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content were determined using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in vitro targeting the inflammatory mediator tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Results. Mangifera indica (leaves used medicinally) showed the greatest antioxidant activity (5940 ± 632 µM TE/µg) and total phenolic content (337 ± 3 mg GAE/g) but Amaranthus dubius (leafy vegetable) showed the greatest inhibition of TNF-α (IC50 = 9 ± 1 μg/mL), followed by Ocimum americanum (medicinal plant) (IC50 = 16 ± 1 μg/mL). Informant consensus was significantly correlated with anti-inflammatory effects among active medicinal plants (r2 = 0.7639, P = 0.0228). Conclusions. Several plant species commonly consumed by Kenyan children possess activity profiles relevant to the prevention and treatment of kwashiorkor and warrant further investigation.
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Li JY, Wang XB, Luo JG, Kong LY. Seasonal Variation of Alkaloid Contents and Anti-Inflammatory Activity ofRhizoma coptidisBased on Fingerprints Combined with Chemometrics Methods. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:1131-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Mechanisms of Action of Indigenous Antidiabetic Plants from the Boreal Forest of Northeastern Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/272968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous populations in Canada possess a wealth of native traditional knowledge. However, their rates of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease that was unheard of in their midst 50 years ago, are the highest in the country. In an effort to cut the impact of T2DM epidemic on Indigenous health, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research funded the “CIHR Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines (CIHR-TAAM).” The goal was to explore Boreal forest medicinal plants stemming from Indigenous Traditional Medicine to be included in T2DM care. Six out of nine communities of the Cree of Eeyou Istchee (CEI) participated in ethnobotanical studies that resulted in the identification of 17 potential antidiabetic plant species. These species were screened for antidiabetic activities using a platform of in vitro bioassays and in vivo models of T2DM. This paper summarizes results on the 10 most promising plant species, their active constituents, and the mechanisms behind their antidiabetic activities. In addition, potential herb-drug interactions were examined at the level of drug-metabolizing enzymes, notably the cytochrome P450 family. This review serves as a canvas onto which is discussed the value of Indigenous medicinal plants, future avenues of research, and the ethical approach required in this field.
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Tam TW, Liu R, Saleem A, Arnason JT, Krantis A, Haddad PS, Foster BC. The effect of Cree traditional medicinal teas on the activity of human cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:841-846. [PMID: 24971793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhododendron groenlandicum (Bog Labrador tea), Rhododendron tomentosum (Marsh Labrador tea) and Juniperus communis (Juniper) are used in medicinal teas by Canadian aboriginal cultures alone and in combination with conventional drug products. The safety of this combination had not been previously examined and this study was initiated to examine the potential of medicinal teas to inhibit the major human drug metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). MATERIALS AND METHODS The decoctions of Rhododendron groenlandicum and Rhododendron tomentosum leaves and Juniperus communis berries were examined in a microtiter fluorometric assay to examine their potential to inhibit CYP-mediated metabolism. RESULTS The decoctions showed progressive inhibition towards CYP3A4 the longer the leaves or berries were brewed. R. Rhododendron groenlandicum and Juniperus communis may have the potential to inhibit CYP3A4-mediated metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study with these traditional medicines are significant in that they provide mechanistic support that these products have the potential to affect the safety and efficacy of other health and medicinal products. As this study only examined CYP3A4, it is possible that these medicinals contain substances that could also affect other metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa W Tam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5; Centre for Research in Biopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5; Centre for Research in Biopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Ammar Saleem
- Centre for Research in Biopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - John T Arnason
- Centre for Research in Biopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Anthony Krantis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5; Centre for Research in Biopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Pierre S Haddad
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Brian C Foster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5; Centre for Research in Biopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5.
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Antioxidant activities and phytochemicals of leaf extracts from 10 native rhododendron species in taiwan. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:283938. [PMID: 24987425 PMCID: PMC4060324 DOI: 10.1155/2014/283938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhododendron, one of the most famous ornamental plants in the world, is traditionally a medicinal plant. However, the potential bioactivities of native Rhododendron in Taiwan have not been completely studied. In this study, the results revealed that Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum exhibited the best antioxidant activities among 10 native Rhododendron species in Taiwan. Furthermore, based on a bioactivity-guided isolation principle, nine specific phytochemicals were isolated and identified as (2R,3S)-catechin (1), (2R,3R)-epicatechin (1′), (2R,3R)-dihydromyricetin 3-O-β-l-arabinopyranoside (2), (2S,3S)-taxifolin 3-O-β-l-arabinopyranoside (2′), (2R,3R)-taxifolin 3-O-β-l-arabinopyranoside (3), myricetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3′), rutin (4), hyperoside (5), and quercitrin (6). Of these compounds, 2 and 3 were found to be major bioactive compounds, and their concentrations in the n-butanol (BuOH) fraction were determined to be 52.0 and 67.3 mg per gram, respectively. These results demonstrated that methanolic extracts of Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum leaves have excellent antioxidant activities and great potential as a source for natural health products.
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Chemical Composition and Application as Biomaterials of Essential Oils from Ledum palustre of Changbai Mountain China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ledum palustre is an important perfume plant in northeast China, and widely distributed at Changbai mountain of Jilin province. The components and contents of essential oils in Ledumpalustre were highly correlated with their growth environment. By using GC-MS, about 32 compounds were identified from Ledumpalustre essential oils of Changbai mountain. The chemical components were L-bornyl acetate (20.2%), 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-benzene (16.5%), (−)-myrtenal (4.4%), terpinen-4-ol (4.3%), 2,6-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene (3.8%), trans-pinocarveol (3.7%), L(-)-borneol (3.0%), geranyl acetate (2.8%), (+)-aromandendrene (2.3%), ledol (1.7%), sabenene (1.6%), β-pinene (1.4%), camphene (1.1%), caryophyllene oxide (1.1%), and citronellyl formate (0.5%), which indicate the application of Ledumpalustre essential oils from Changbai mountain should be different from other areas.
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Popescu R, Kopp B. The genus Rhododendron: an ethnopharmacological and toxicological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:42-62. [PMID: 23454683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The vast genus Rhododendron includes species that have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, pain, gastro-intestinal disorders, common cold, asthma, skin disease, etc. Rhododendrons are also well known for their toxicity and some species have been traditionally used as poison. AIM OF THE REVIEW The work reviews and analyses the traditional use, biological activities with the corresponding chemical constituents, and toxicological data on Rhododendron species. The review aims at characterizing the ethnopharmacology of the genus in relation to its toxicity in order to identify the therapeutic potential of Rhododendron species and future directions for research. METHODS Data regarding Rhododendron spp. was collected using electronic databases (SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar) and library search for selected peer-reviewed articles. Plant taxonomy was validated by the databases The Plant List, Tropicos, eFloras, Flora Iberica and Flora Europaea (RBGE). Additional information on traditional use and botany was obtained from published books. The review encompasses literature, mainly regarding biological activity and toxicological data, from 1898 to the end of December 2012. RESULTS Rhododendrons have been used in Asian, North American and European traditional medicine mainly against inflammation, pain, skin ailments, common cold and gastro-intestinal disorders. In vivo and in vitro testing of plant extracts and isolated compounds determined diverse biological activities including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, insecticidal and cytotoxic activity. Rhododendron spp. can cause intoxications in humans following intake of rhododendron honey or medicinal preparations. The toxicity is due to grayanotoxins, diterpenes which activate voltage-gated sodium channels and lead to gastro-intestinal, cardiac and central nervous system symptoms. CONCLUSION Rhododendron species are useful traditional remedies for the treatment of inflammation, pain, skin ailments, common cold and gastro-intestinal disorders. Pharmacological data has validated most indications of rhododendrons in ethnomedicine and toxicology studies have confirmed the toxicity observed by traditional use. Ethnopharmacological data point to the therapeutic potential of the genus Rhododendron for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and pain and, thus, research should focus on identification of active compounds and related mechanistic studies. Prolonged and high dose intake of traditional formulations containing rhododendrons should be avoided until more in depth toxicity studies become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Popescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Rhododendron tomentosum (Ledum palustre). A review of traditional use based on current research. Fitoterapia 2013; 85:130-43. [PMID: 23352748 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja (previously: Ledum palustre) is a fragrant evergreen shrub found in peaty soils in northern Europe, Asia and North America, commonly referred to as wild rosemary, marsh tea, marsh rosemary or northern Labrador tea. At least since the eighteenth century it has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments, such as rheumatism, cough, cold and insect bites, as well as a repellent. The essential oil of wild rosemary with the rich polyphenolic fraction possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and insecticidal potential, demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition, recent scientific research reported the promising antidiabetic, antioxidant and anticancer properties. This review summarizes the information concerning taxonomy, botany, ecology, chemical composition, biological activities, toxicology and traditional and contemporary application of Rhododendron tomentosum plants.
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Tchacondo T, Karou SD, Agban A, Bako M, Batawila K, Bawa ML, Gbeassor M, de Souza C. Medicinal plants use in central Togo (Africa) with an emphasis on the timing. Pharmacognosy Res 2012; 4:92-103. [PMID: 22518081 PMCID: PMC3326763 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.94724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plant-based remedies continue to play a key role in the health care of people in Togo; however, there is a lack of published data in medicinal plants and medical practices of the people in the country. Objective: This study was aimed at documenting the plant utilization in the Tem folk medicine in the central region of Togo. Materials and Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted with traditional healers in the central region of Togo using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: This study demonstrated that local specialists in the central region of Togo tend to agree with each other in terms of the plants used to treat diabetes (ICF = 0.38), infertility, and abdominal pains (ICF = 0.33), but cite a much more diverse groups of plants to treat problems related to arterial hypertension, sickle cell disease, and abscess. They use 144 herbal concoctions made of 72 plants, distributed among 36 botanical families. The Euphorbiaceae family with eight species was best represented in terms of the number of species. The species with the highest use value were Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae) (UV = 0.36), Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Gentianaceae) (UV = 0.27), Trichilia emetica Vahl (Meliaceae) (UV = 0.25), and Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce (Rubiaceae) (UV = 0.21). They also rely on the timing in the plant processing and the administration of herbal remedies. Conclusion: All these findings are based on empirical observations; laboratory screenings are needed to check the effectiveness of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchadjobo Tchacondo
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur les Plantes Médicinales (CERFOPLAM), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Black P, Niu L, Sachdeva M, Lean D, Poon R, Bowers WJ, Chan HM, Arnason JT, Pelletier G. Modulation of the effects of methylmercury on rat neurodevelopment by co-exposure with Labrador Tea (Rhododendron tomentosum ssp. subarcticum). Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2336-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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