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Huang HY, Chen CH, Cheng FJ, Wang BW, Tu CY, Chen YJ, He YH, Yao CH, Huang WC. Incense-burning smoke ingredient Auramine enhances lincRNA-p21 expression for chemosensitization in p53-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135105. [PMID: 39047551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Incense-burning smoke is a deleterious air pollutant that initiates cytotoxic effects by inducing apoptosis in lung epithelial cells and also acts as a risk factor for lung cancers. Auramine, an ingredient of incense smoke, has been implicated in tumor progression and cellular sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) towards anti-cancer agents through unclear mechanisms. Tumor protein p53 (TP53)-activated long intergenic non-coding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21) undertakes a pivotal role in regulating cell apoptosis and chemosensitivity. TP53 mutations prevalent in 50% of NSCLC, contribute to diminished therapeutic efficacy. However, the influence of auramine on chemotherapy-induced lincRNA-p21 expression and apoptosis in NSCLC with different TP53 genetic statuses remains unexplored. This study disclosed that both wild-type p53 (wtp53) and mutant p53 (mutp53) mediate lincRNA-p21 expression, albeit through distinct promoter enhancers, p53-response element (p53RE) and non-B DNA structure G-quadruplex (GQ), respectively. Intriguingly, auramine functions as an effective stabilizer of the GQ structure, augmenting mutp53-mediated lincRNA-p21 expression and enhancing apoptosis and cellular sensitivity to chemotherapy in mutp53-expressing NSCLC cells. These findings suggest a mechanism by which mutp53, in the presence of auramine, is endowed with tumor-suppressing function akin to wtp53, thereby aiding in combating chemoresistance in NSCLC cells harboring TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yu Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Cheng
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wei Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Tu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao He
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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Wang S, Chen Z, Wang K, Li H, Qu H, Mou H, Lin N, Ye Z. Effect of radiotherapy on local control and overall survival in spinal metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer after surgery and systemic therapy. Bone Jt Open 2024; 5:350-360. [PMID: 38649150 PMCID: PMC11035006 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.54.bjo-2024-0037.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Radiotherapy is a well-known local treatment for spinal metastases. However, in the presence of postoperative systemic therapy, the efficacy of radiotherapy on local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) in patients with spinal metastases remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of post-surgical radiotherapy for spinal metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and to identify factors correlated with LC and OS. Methods A retrospective, single-centre review was conducted of patients with spinal metastases from NSCLC who underwent surgery followed by systemic therapy at our institution from January 2018 to September 2022. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to compare the LC and OS between groups. Associated factors for LC and OS were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results Overall, 123 patients with 127 spinal metastases from NSCLC who underwent decompression surgery followed by postoperative systemic therapy were included. A total of 43 lesions were treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) after surgery and 84 lesions were not. Survival rate at one, two, and three years was 83.4%, 58.9%, and 48.2%, respectively, and LC rate was 87.8%, 78.8%, and 78.8%, respectively. Histological type was the only significant associated factor for both LC (p = 0.007) and OS (p < 0.001). Treatment with targeted therapy was significantly associated with longer survival (p = 0.039). The risk factors associated with worse survival were abnormal laboratory data (p = 0.021), lesions located in the thoracic spine (p = 0.047), and lumbar spine (p = 0.044). This study also revealed that postoperative radiotherapy had little effect in improving OS or LC. Conclusion Tumour histological type was significantly associated with the prognosis in spinal NSCLC metastasis patients. In the presence of post-surgical systemic therapy, radiotherapy appeared to be less effective in improving LC, OS, or quality of life in spinal NSCLC metastasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zehao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haochen Mou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nong Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Fernández-Ochoa Á, Younis IY, Arafa RK, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Leyva-Jiménez FJ, Segura Carretero A, Mohsen E, Saber FR. Metabolite Profiling of Colvillea racemosa via UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Analysis in Correlation to the In Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential against A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:976. [PMID: 38611505 PMCID: PMC11013431 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, flower and leaf extracts of Colvillea racemosa were considered a source of bioactive compounds. In this context, the objective of the study focused on investigating the anticancer potential as well as the phytochemical composition of both extracts. The extracts were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, and the bioactivity was tested using in vitro antioxidant assays (FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) in addition to cytotoxic assays on non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549). Our results clearly indicated the potent radical scavenging capacity of both extracts. Importantly, the flower extract exhibited a greater antioxidant capacity than the leaf extract. In terms of cytotoxic activity, leaf and flower extracts significantly inhibited cell viability with IC50 values of 17.0 and 17.2 µg/mL, respectively. The phytochemical characterization enabled the putative annotation of 42 metabolites, such as saccharides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, and fatty acids. Among them, the flavonoid C-glycosides stand out due to their high relative abundance and previous reports on their anticancer bioactivity. For a better understanding of the bioactive mechanisms, four flavonoids (vitexin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, luteolin, and isoorientin) were selected for molecular docking on hallmark protein targets in lung cancer as represented by γ-PI3K, EGFR, and CDK2 through in-silico studies. In these models, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and vitexin had the highest binding scores on γ-PI3K and CDK2, followed by isoorientin, so they could be highly responsible for the bioactive properties of C. racemosa extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.l.L.C.-G.); (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.C.)
| | - Inas Y. Younis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (I.Y.Y.); (E.M.)
| | - Reem K. Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo 12578, Egypt;
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo 12578, Egypt
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.l.L.C.-G.); (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.C.)
| | - Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.l.L.C.-G.); (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava, 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.l.L.C.-G.); (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.C.)
| | - Engy Mohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (I.Y.Y.); (E.M.)
| | - Fatema R. Saber
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (I.Y.Y.); (E.M.)
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Chen HC, Kuo CY, Chang Y, Tsai DL, Lee MH, Lee JY, Lee HM, Su YC. 5-Methoxytryptophan enhances the sensitivity of sorafenib on the inhibition of proliferation and metastasis for lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38388902 PMCID: PMC10885375 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and effective therapies are limited. Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with limited effective therapy. Sorafenib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor frequently used to treat numerous types of malignant tumors. However, it has been demonstrated that sorafenib showed moderate antitumor activity and is associated with several side effects in lung cancer, which restricted its clinical application. This study aimed to examine the antitumor effect of the combination treatment of sorafenib and 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) on cell growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. METHOD The anticancer effect of the combination treatment of sorafenib and 5-MTP was determined through cytotoxicity assay and colony forming assays. The mechanism was elucidated using flow cytometry and western blotting. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of the combination treatment on migration and invasion abilities. An in vivo model was employed to analyze the effect of the combination treatment on the tumorigenic ability of LLC cells. RESULT Our results demonstrated that the sorafenib and 5-MTP combination synergistically reduced viability and proliferation compared to sorafenib or 5-MTP treatment alone. Reduction of cyclin D1 expression was observed in the sorafenib alone or combination treatments, leading to cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the sorafenib-5-MTP combination significantly increased the inhibitory effect on migration and invasion of LLC cells compared to the single treatments. The combination also significantly downregulated vimentin and MMP9 levels, contributing to the inhibition of metastasis. The reduction of phosphorylated Akt and STAT3 expression may further contribute to the inhibitory effect on proliferation and metastasis. In vivo, the sorafenib-5-MTP combination further reduced tumor growth and metastasis compared to the treatment of sorafenib alone. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data indicate that 5-MTP sensitizes the antitumor activity of sorafenib in LLC cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that sorafenib-5-MTP has the potential to serve as a therapeutic option for patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chi Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Lin Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ying Lee
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Rahimian S, Najafi H, Afzali B, Doroudian M. Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:123. [PMID: 38255228 PMCID: PMC10813125 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer demands innovative approaches for early detection and targeted treatment. In addressing this urgent need, exosomes play a pivotal role in revolutionizing both the early detection and targeted treatment of lung cancer. Their remarkable capacity to encapsulate a diverse range of biomolecules, traverse biological barriers, and be engineered with specific targeting molecules makes them highly promising for both diagnostic markers and precise drug delivery to cancer cells. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of exosomal content and biogenesis offers crucial insights into the molecular profile of lung tumors. This knowledge holds significant potential for the development of targeted therapies and innovative diagnostic strategies for cancer. Despite notable progress in this field, challenges in standardization and cargo loading persist. Collaborative research efforts are imperative to maximize the potential of exosomes and advance the field of precision medicine for the benefit of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran; (S.R.); (H.N.); (B.A.)
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Guo H, Li H, Zhu L, Huang X, Feng J, Baak JPA. In stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients, treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine alone gives prognostically superior results to treatment with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy alone. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155087. [PMID: 37832267 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 30% of pulmonary stage IV adenocarcinomas die within 3 months of diagnosis. Western medical treatments with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy=PBC and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors Targeted Therapy=TT can improve prognosis. In China, Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal treatments (TCM) are often used in addition to PBC and TT. A considerable number of patients refuse Western medical treatments and use TCM alone. However, the survival impact of the latter is unknown. HYPOTHESES TESTED Treatment with TCM alone is prognostically superior to PBC alone. Addition of PBC or TT or both TT to TCM improves survival. METHODS In this prospective observational, non-interventional study of 1017 consecutive first-onset stage IV NSCLC patients with up to 10 years follow-up, 261 who Died of Disease (DOD) within 3 months were omitted, as they never got the optimal Western medical therapies. All 218 non-adenocarcinomas were also omitted, leaving 538 stage IV adenocarcinomas treated by TCM alone (n = 29), PBC alone (N = 19) and TCM and other Western medical combinations (299 TCM and PBC, 50 TCM and TT, 141 TCM and PBC and TT) with 3 - 120 months follow-up. Survivals were compared using Alive with Disease (AWD) and DOD as endpoints. RESULTS The patients treated only with TCM had 7 months better median survival than those that received PBC alone (17 and 10 months). The patients that received TCM and PBC had a better median survival (24 months) than TCM alone and much better than PBC alone. None of the patients that received TCM alone survived > 54 months, whereas 18% of TCM and PBC patients survived much longer. Over the observation period of 3 - 120 months, survivals of TCM and TT, TCM and PBC and TT, and TCM and PBC were not different and therefore grouped as TCM and Western medicines. Median survival times of PBC alone and TCM alone were lower than that of TCM and Western medical treatments (p < 0.0001, 10, 17 and 27 months). CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary stage IV adenocarcinoma patients with at least 3 months survival, treated with TCM alone have a significantly better survival than those treated with PBC alone. Adding Western PBC, TT or both to TCM further improves prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hegen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiange Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiali Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jan P A Baak
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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Dai H, Wu R, Zhang J, Dou R, Xu M, Wang J, Wang J, Su F, Zhang T. ZDHHC11B is decreased in lung adenocarcinoma and inhibits tumorigenesis via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17212-17222. [PMID: 37434393 PMCID: PMC10501301 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The role and mechanism of zinc finger DHHC protein 11B (ZDHHC11B) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. We, thus, analyzed the expression pattern, biological function, and potential mechanism of ZDHHC11B in LUAD. METHODS The expression level and prognostic value of ZDHHC11B were evaluated based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and further confirmed in LUAD tissues and cells. The effect of ZDHHC11B on the malignant biological progression of LUAD was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and western blot were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of ZDHHC11B. RESULTS In vitro, ZDHHC11B inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells and induced the apoptosis of LUAD cells. In addition, ZDHHC11B inhibited the growth of tumors in nude mice. GSEA revealed that ZDHHC11B expression is positively correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Western blot analysis demonstrated that molecular markers of EMT were inhibited under ZDHHC11B overexpression conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that ZDHHC11B plays a significant role in inhibiting tumorigenesis via EMT. In addition, ZDHHC11B may be a candidate molecular target for LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Dai
- Department of OncologyThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Ruiyue Wu
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jiatong Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Rong Dou
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Maohong Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jiahui Wang
- The College of PharmacyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jun Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Fei Su
- Department of OncologyThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Pasli M, Kannaiyan R, Namireddy P, Walker P, Muzaffar M. Impact of Race on Outcomes of Advanced Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4208-4221. [PMID: 37185434 PMCID: PMC10136836 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of race in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is conflicting. Our study sought to examine racial disparities in time to treatment initiation (TTI), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) using a population that was almost equally black and white. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of stage IV NSCLC patients > 18 years receiving immunotherapy at our center between 2014 and 2021. Kaplan-Meier curves and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model determined the predictors of OS and PFS. Analyses were undertaken using IBM PSAW (SPSS v.28). RESULTS Out of 194 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 42.3% were black (n = 82). In the multivariate analysis, there was no difference in PFS (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.66,1.40; p = 0.846) or OS (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.48; p = 0.966). No difference in treatment selection was observed between white and black patients (p = 0.363), nor was there a difference observed in median time to overall treatment initiation (p = 0.201). CONCLUSIONS No difference was observed in OS and PFS in black and white patients. Black patients' reception of timelier immunotherapy was an unanticipated finding. Future studies are necessary to better understand how race impacts patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Pasli
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Radhamani Kannaiyan
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Eat Carolina University Health, 2100 Stantonsburg Road, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Praveen Namireddy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | | | - Mahvish Muzaffar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Target Identification of 22-(4-Pyridinecarbonyl) Jorunnamycin A, a Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivative from the Sponge Xestospongia sp., in Mediating Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Apoptosis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248948. [PMID: 36558080 PMCID: PMC9782168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A dysregulation of the cell-death mechanism contributes to poor prognosis in lung cancer. New potent chemotherapeutic agents targeting apoptosis-deregulating molecules have been discovered. In this study, 22-(4-pyridinecarbonyl) jorunnamycin A (22-(4'py)-JA), a synthetic derivative of bistetrahydroisoquinolinequinone from the Thai blue sponge, was semisynthesized by the Steglich esterification method, and its pharmacological mechanism in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was elucidated by a network pharmacology approach. All predicted targets of 22-(4'py)-JA and genes related to NSCLC were retrieved from drug-target and gene databases. A total of 78 core targets were identified, and their associations were analyzed by STRING and Cytoscape. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that molecules in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling were potential targets of 22-(4'py)-JA in the induction of NSCLC apoptosis. In silico molecular docking analysis displayed a possible interaction of ERK1/2 and MEK1 with 22-(4'py)-JA. In vitro anticancer activity showed that 22-(4'py)-JA has strong cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects in H460, H292 and A549 NSCLC cells. Furthermore, immunoblotting confirmed that 22-(4'py)-JA induced apoptotic cell death in an ERK/MEK/Bcl-2-dependent manner. The present study demonstrated that 22-(4'py)-JA exhibited a potent anticancer effect that could be further developed for clinical application and showed that network pharmacology approaches are a powerful tool to illustrate the molecular pathways of new drugs or compounds.
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Shen Z, Qiu B, Li L, Yang B, Li G. Targeted therapy of RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1033484. [PMID: 36582799 PMCID: PMC9793070 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1033484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has very high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the prognosis is not optimistic. Previous treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have limited efficacy, and targeted drugs for some gene mutations have been used in NSCLC with considerable efficacy. The RET proto-oncogene is located on the long arm of chromosome 10 with a length of 60,000 bp, and the expression of RET gene affects cell survival, proliferation, growth and differentiation. This review will describe the basic characteristics and common fusion methods of RET genes; analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different RET fusion detection methods; summarize and discuss the recent application of non-selective and selective RET fusion-positive inhibitors, such as Vandetanib, Selpercatinib, Pralsetinib and Alectinib; discuss the mechanism and coping strategies of resistance to RET fusion-positive inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiong Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Binxu Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Bo Yang, ;; Guanghu Li,
| | - Guanghu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Bo Yang, ;; Guanghu Li,
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11
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Sriratanasak N, Wattanathana W, Chanvorachote P. 6,6′-((Methylazanedyl)bis(methylene))bis(2,4-dimethylphenol) Induces Autophagic Associated Cell Death through mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Lung Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196230. [PMID: 36234769 PMCID: PMC9572635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the multistep mechanism for the elimination of damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. This mechanism is preceded and may induce other program cell deaths such as apoptosis. This study unraveled the potential pharmacological effect of 24MD in inducing the autophagy of lung cancer cells. Results showed that 24MD was concomitant with autophagy induction, indicating by autophagosome staining and the induction of ATG5, ATG7 and ubiquitinated protein, p62 expression after 12-h treatment. LC3-I was strongly conversed to LC3-II, and p62 was downregulated after 24-h treatment. The apoptosis-inducing activity was found after 48-h treatment as indicated by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and the activation of caspase-3. From a mechanistic perspective, 24-h treatment of 24MD at 60 μM substantially downregulated p-mTOR. Meanwhile, p-PI3K and p-Akt were also suppressed by 24MD at concentrations of 80 and 100 μM, respectively. We further confirmed m-TOR-mediated autophagic activity by comparing the effect of 24MD with rapamycin, a potent standard mTOR1 inhibitor through Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Although 24MD could not suppress p-mTOR as much as rapamycin, the combination of rapamycin and 24MD could increase the mTOR suppressive activity and LC3 activation. Changing the substituent groups (R groups) from dimethylphenol to ethylphenol in EMD or changing methylazanedyl to cyclohexylazanedyl in 24CD could only induce apoptosis activity but not autophagic inducing activity. We identified 24MD as a novel compound targeting autophagic cell death by affecting mTOR-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicharat Sriratanasak
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Worawat Wattanathana
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhu K, Su D, Wang J, Cheng Z, Chin Y, Chen L, Chan C, Zhang R, Gao T, Ben X, Jing C. Predictive value of baseline metabolic tumor volume for non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:951557. [PMID: 36147904 PMCID: PMC9487526 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a promising treatment option for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, highlighting the need for biomarkers to identify responders and predict the outcome of ICIs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of baseline standardized uptake value (SUV), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) derived from 18F-FDG-PET/CT in advanced NSCLC patients receiving ICIs. Methods PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from January 1st, 2011 to July 18th, 2022, utilizing the search terms “non-small-cell lung cancer”, “PET/CT”, “standardized uptake value”, “metabolic tumor volume”, “ total lesion glycolysis”, and “immune checkpoint inhibitors”. Studies that analyzed the association between PET/CT parameters and objective response, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and prognosis of NSCLC patients treated with ICIs were included. We extracted the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We performed a meta-analysis of HR using Review Manager v.5.4.1. Results Sixteen studies were included for review and thirteen for meta-analysis covering 770 patients. As for objective response and irAEs after ICIs, more studies with consistent assessment methods are needed to determine their relationship with MTV. In the meta-analysis, low SUVmax corresponded to poor PFS with a pooled HR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.57-0.96, P=0.02). And a high level of baseline MTV level was related to shorter PFS (HR=1.45, 95% CI, 1.11-1.89, P<0.01) and OS (HR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.97-3.73, P<0.01) especially when the cut-off value was set between 50-100 cm3. SUVmean and TLG were not associated with the prognosis of NSCLC patients receiving ICIs. Conclusions High level of baseline MTV corresponded to shorter PFS and OS, especially when the cut-off value was set between 50-100 cm3. MTV is a potential predictive value for the outcome of ICIs in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danqian Su
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouen Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqiao Chin
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyin Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chingtin Chan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongcai Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Ben
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaosong Ben, ; Chunxia Jing,
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaosong Ben, ; Chunxia Jing,
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Alam M, Ahmed S, Elasbali AM, Adnan M, Alam S, Hassan MI, Pasupuleti VR. Therapeutic Implications of Caffeic Acid in Cancer and Neurological Diseases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860508. [PMID: 35359383 PMCID: PMC8960963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is found abundantly in fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, oils, and more. CA and its derivatives have been used for many centuries due to their natural healing and medicinal properties. CA possesses various biological and pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. The potential therapeutic effects of CA are mediated via repression and inhibition of transcription and growth factors. CA possesses potential anticancer and neuroprotective effects in human cell cultures and animal models. However, the biomolecular interactions and pathways of CA have been described highlighting the target binding proteins and signaling molecules. The current review focuses on CA’s chemical, physical, and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. We further described CA’s characteristics and therapeutic potential and its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoaib Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.,Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Bangalore, India
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Neumann M, Murphy N, Seetharamu N. The Evolving Role of PD-L1 Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of Durvalumab and Avelumab. CANCER MEDICINE JOURNAL 2022; 5:31-45. [PMID: 35253011 PMCID: PMC8896901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was traditionally associated with a poor prognosis. Between 2010 and 2016, the 5-years overall survival for all stages combined was about 25 percent. However, the recent use of immunotherapy has led to significant improvements in progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Immune check point inhibitors enable the host immune system to mount a lethal response against tumor cells. Both PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemipilimab) and PD-L1 inhibitors (atezolizumab and durvalumab) have been approved by the FDA for use in NSCLC, either as individual agents or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other agents. As the future of immunotherapy for lung cancer continues to evolve, with multiple agents approved or in various stages of clinical research, it is imperative that we understand the mechanism of action, clinical activity, ongoing clinical trials, indications for use and toxicity for individual agents in addition to having general, basic knowledge about this new class of cancer therapeutics. In this review, we focus on two of the newer PD-L1 inhibitors, durvalumab and avelumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Neumann
- Internal Medicine Resident, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Neal Murphy
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Nagashree Seetharamu
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, USA
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Misri S, Kaul K, Mishra S, Charan M, Verma AK, Barr MP, Ahirwar DK, Ganju RK. Cannabidiol Inhibits Tumorigenesis in Cisplatin-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via TRPV2. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051181. [PMID: 35267489 PMCID: PMC8909073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Drug resistance is the key factor contributing to the therapeutic failure of lung cancer and the deaths related to lung cancer. Our study demonstrated that small molecular weight non-psychotropic phytochemical, cannabidiol (CBD), inhibits growth and metastasis of drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) cells in-vitro and in-vivo. We further discovered that CBD mediates its anti-cancer effects in part via an ion channel receptor, TRPV2, present on lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, we showed that CBD induces apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant cells by modulating oxidative stress pathways. Overall, these studies indicate that CBD could be used as a promising therapeutic strategy in TRPV2 expressing cisplatin-resistant NSCLC. Abstract Chemotherapy forms the backbone of current treatments for many patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the survival rate is low in these patients due to the development of drug resistance, including cisplatin resistance. In this study, we developed a novel strategy to combat the growth of cisplatin-resistant (CR) NSCLC cells. We have shown that treatment with the plant-derived, non-psychotropic small molecular weight molecule, cannabidiol (CBD), significantly induced apoptosis of CR NSCLC cells. In addition, CBD treatment significantly reduced tumor progression and metastasis in a mouse xenograft model and suppressed cancer stem cell properties. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated the ability of CBD to inhibit the growth of CR cell lines by reducing NRF-2 and enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, we show that CBD acts through Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-2 (TRPV2) to induce apoptosis, where TRPV2 is expressed on human lung adenocarcinoma tumors. High expression of TRPV2 correlates with better overall survival of lung cancer patients. Our findings identify CBD as a novel therapeutic agent targeting TRPV2 to inhibit the growth and metastasis of this aggressive cisplatin-resistant phenotype in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Misri
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
| | - Kirti Kaul
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
| | - Manish Charan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
| | - Ajeet Kumar Verma
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
| | - Martin P. Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dinesh K. Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.A.); (R.K.G.)
| | - Ramesh K. Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (D.K.A.); (R.K.G.)
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Ding Y, Zhen Z, Nisar MA, Ali F, Din RU, Khan M, Mughal TA, Alam G, Liu L, Saleem MZ. Sesquiterpene Lactones Attenuate Paclitaxel Resistance Via Inhibiting MALAT1/STAT3/ FUT4 Axis and P-Glycoprotein Transporters in Lung Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:795613. [PMID: 35281907 PMCID: PMC8909900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.795613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel resistance is a challenging factor in chemotherapy resulting in poor prognosis and cancer recurrence. Signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3), a key transcription factor, performs a critical role in cancer development, cell survival and chemoresistance, while its inactivation overwhelms drug resistance in numerous cancer types including lung cancer. Additionally, the fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) is a crucial enzyme in post-translational modification of cell-surface proteins involved in various pathological conditions such as tumor multidrug resistance (MDR). The P-glycoprotein (P-GP) is the well-known ABC transporter member that imparts drug resistance in different cancer types, most notably paclitaxel resistance in lung cancer cells. LncRNA-MALAT1 exerts a functional role in the cancer development as well as the drug resistance and is linked with STAT3 activation and activity of FUT4. Moreover, STAT3-mediated induction of P-GP is well-documented. Natural compounds of Sesquiterpene Lactone (SL) family are well-known for their anticancer properties with particular emphasis over STAT3 inhibitory capabilities. In this study, we explored the positive correlation of MALAT1 with STAT3 and FUT4 activity in paclitaxel resistant A549 (A549/T) lung cancer cells. Additionally, we investigated the anticancer activity of two well-known members of SLs, alantolactone (ALT) and Brevilin A (Brv-A), in A549/T lung cancer cells. ALT and Brv-A induced apoptosis in A549/T cells. Furthermore, these two natural SLs suppressed MALAT1 expression, STAT3 activation, and FUT4 and P-GP expression which are the hallmarks for paclitaxel resistance in A549 lung cancer cells. The inhibition of MALAT1 enhanced the competence of these SLs members significantly, which accounted for the growth inhibition as well as anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects of ALT and Brv-A. These findings suggest SLs to be the promising agents for overcoming paclitaxel resistance in A549 lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Ding
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Zhen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Farman Ali
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Riaz Ud Din
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tafail Akbar Mughal
- Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Alam
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Linlin Liu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair Saleem
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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EGFR and COX-2 Dual Inhibitor: The Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Chalcones. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041158. [PMID: 35208952 PMCID: PMC8876975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For most researchers, discovering new anticancer drugs to avoid the adverse effects of current ones, to improve therapeutic benefits and to reduce resistance is essential. Because the COX-2 enzyme plays an important role in various types of cancer leading to malignancy enhancement, inhibition of apoptosis, and tumor-cell metastasis, an indispensable objective is to design new scaffolds or drugs that possess combined action or dual effect, such as kinase and COX-2 inhibition. The start compounds A1 to A6 were prepared through the diazo coupling of 3-aminoacetophenone with a corresponding phenol and then condensed with two new chalcone series, C7–18. The newly synthesized compounds were assessed against both COX-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for their inhibitory effect. All novel compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines. Compounds C9 and G10 exhibited potent EGFR inhibition with IC50 values of 0.8 and 1.1 µM, respectively. Additionally, they also displayed great COX-2 inhibition with IC50 values of 1.27 and 1.88 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the target compounds were assessed for their cytotoxicity against pancreatic ductal cancer (Panc-1), lung cancer (H-460), human colon cancer (HT-29), human malignant melanoma (A375) and pancreatic cancer (PaCa-2) cell lines. Interestingly, compounds C10 and G12 exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effect against PaCa-2 with average IC50 values of 0.9 and 0.8 µM, respectively. To understand the possible binding modes of the compounds under investigation with the receptor cites of EGFR and COX-2, a virtual docking study was conducted.
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18
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Guo H, Li H, Zhu L, Feng J, Huang X, Baak JPA. "How Long Have I Got?" in Stage IV NSCLC Patients With at Least 3 Months Up to 10 Years Survival, Accuracy of Long-, Intermediate-, and Short-Term Survival Prediction Is Not Good Enough to Answer This Question. Front Oncol 2022; 11:761042. [PMID: 34993132 PMCID: PMC8724440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.761042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most lung cancer patients worldwide [stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC)] have a poor survival: 25%–30% die <3 months. Yet, of those surviving >3 months, 10%–15% (70,000–105,000 new patients worldwide per year) survive (very) long. Surprisingly, little scientific attention has been paid to the question, which factors cause the good prognosis in these NSCLC stage IV long survivors. Therefore, “How long do I still have?” currently cannot be accurately answered. We evaluated in a large group of 737 stage IV NSCLC patients surviving 3.2–120.0 months, the accuracies of short- and long-term survival predictive values of baseline factors, radiotherapy (RT), platinum-based chemotherapy (PBT), and tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeted therapy (TKI-TT). Methods This is a noninterventional study of 998 consecutive first-onset stage IV NSCLC patients. A total of 737 (74%) survived 3.2–120.0 months, 47 refused RT, PBT, and TKI-TT. Single and multivariate survival analysis and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis were used with dead of disease (DOD) or alive with disease (AWD) as endpoints. Results The median survival (16.1 months) of 47 patients who refused PBT, RT, and TKI-TT was significantly worse than those with RT, PBT, and/or TKI-TT (23.3 months, HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.06–2.42, p = 0.04). Of these latter 690 patients, 42% were females, 58% males, median age 63 years (range 27–85), 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 74%, 49%, 16%, and 5%. In total, 16% were alive with disease (AWD) at the last follow-up. Pathology subtype (adenocarcinoma vs. all others), performance score, TNM substage, the number of PBT cycles and TKI-TT had independent predictive value. However, with the multivariate combination of these features, identification results of short-term nonsurvivors and long-term survivors were poor. Conclusions In stage IV NSCLC patients with >3 months survival, baseline features, and systemic therapeutic modalities have strong survival predictive value but do not accurately identify short- and long-term survivors. The predictive value of other features and interventions discussed should be investigated in the worldwide very large group of stage IV NSCLC patients with >3 months survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua University Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hegen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua University Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua University Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua University Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiange Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua University Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jan P A Baak
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Medical Practice Dr. Med Jan Baak AS, Tananger, Norway
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Congedo MT, Nachira D, Bertolaccini L, Chiappetta M, Zanfrini E, Meacci E, Vita ML, Lococo F, D'Argento E, Spaggiari L, Margaritora S. Multimodal therapy for synchronous bone oligometastatic NSCLC: The role of surgery. J Surg Oncol 2021; 125:782-789. [PMID: 34918785 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to assess the feasibility of radical surgical treatment for selected bone-oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to identify prognostic factors associated with survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical records of 27 patients with bone synchronous oligometastatic NSCLC were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Thirteen (48.1%) bone metastases were treated by surgery and 14 (51.9%) by local radiotherapy. Eighteen (66.7%) patients underwent induction chemotherapy before lung surgery, and 3 (11.1%) concurrent radiotherapy. Pulmonary surgery was a major lung resection in 23 (85.2%) cases. Intraoperative and 30-days mortality was null. Only one major (ARDS) and 10 (37.04%) mild complications (like air leakage, arrhythmia, and mucus retention) were recorded. 1-year and 5-years OS from the diagnosis and 1-year, 3- years disease-free survival (DFS) were 96%, 38%, and 66%, 30%, respectively. After stepwise Cox regression analysis, local recurrence (p = 0.05) and metachronous metastases (p = 0.04) maintained their independent prognostic value as overall survival negative determinants. Nodal upstaging (p = 0.04) and nonsurgical treatment of bone lesion (p = 0.03) turned out to be independent risk factors for shorter DFS; the vertebral localization of bone metastases showed only a remarkable trend towards significance (p = 0.06) as a risk factor for a worse DFS. CONCLUSIONS In selected patients, surgical treatment of primary NSCLC and bone synchronous metastasis seems to be safe and feasible and rewarding survivals may be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Congedo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Dania Nachira
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bertolaccini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Chiappetta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Zanfrini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Meacci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Vita
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Lococo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore D'Argento
- Department of Medical Oncology, , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Margaritora
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in NSCLC: From Prognosis to Therapy Design. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111879. [PMID: 34834295 PMCID: PMC8619417 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing optimal (neo)adjuvant therapy is a crucial aspect of the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Standard methods of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy represent effective strategies for treatment. However, in some cases with high metastatic activity and high levels of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the efficacy of standard treatment methods is insufficient and results in treatment failure and reduced patient survival. CTCs are seen not only as an isolated phenomenon but also a key inherent part of the formation of metastasis and a key factor in cancer death. This review discusses the impact of NSCLC therapy strategies based on a meta-analysis of clinical studies. In addition, possible therapeutic strategies for repression when standard methods fail, such as the administration of low-toxicity natural anticancer agents targeting these phenomena (curcumin and flavonoids), are also discussed. These strategies are presented in the context of key mechanisms of tumour biology with a strong influence on CTC spread and metastasis (mechanisms related to tumour-associated and -infiltrating cells, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and migration of cancer cells).
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21
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GCC2 as a New Early Diagnostic Biomarker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215482. [PMID: 34771645 PMCID: PMC8582534 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer, is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. A better prognosis is associated with early diagnosis of lung cancer patients. Although annual screening guidelines for lung cancer are recommended, using various tools such as chest X-ray, low-dose computed tomography, and positron emission tomography, these screening procedures are expensive and difficult to repeat. They are also invasive and have a high risk of radiation exposure. Therefore, a low-risk, convenient diagnostic method using liquid biopsy and biomarkers is required for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. The newly proposed biomarker GCC2 was identified through proteomic analysis of exosomes secreted from lung cancer cell lines. GCC2 expression levels in peripheral blood of the patients showed high specificity and sensitivity in early lung cancer, demonstrating that our novel exosomal biomarker GCC2 can greatly contribute to improving the diagnosis of lung cancer patients, even though it has been tested in only a few pilot studies. Abstract No specific markers have been identified to detect non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell-derived exosomes circulating in the blood. Here, we report a new biomarker that distinguishes between cancer and non-cancer cell-derived exosomes. Exosomes isolated from patient plasmas at various pathological stages of NSCLC, NSCLC cell lines, and human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells isolated using size exclusion chromatography were characterized. The GRIP and coiled-coil domain-containing 2 (GCC2) protein, involved in endosome-to-Golgi transport, was identified by proteomics analysis of NSCLC cell line-derived exosomes. GCC2 protein levels in the exosomes derived from early-stage NSCLC patients were higher than those from healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of exosomal GCC2 to be 90% and 75%, respectively. A high area under the curve, 0.844, confirmed that GCC2 levels could effectively distinguish between the exosomes. These results demonstrate GCC2 as a promising early diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC.
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Zhang W, Gong C, Chen Z, Li M, Li Y, Gao J. Tumor microenvironment-activated cancer cell membrane-liposome hybrid nanoparticle-mediated synergistic metabolic therapy and chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:339. [PMID: 34689761 PMCID: PMC8543810 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomimetic nanotechnology-based RNA interference (RNAi) has been successful in improving theranostic efficacy in malignant tumors. Its integration with hybrid biomimetic membranes made of natural cell membranes fused with liposomal membranes is mutually beneficial and extends their biofunctions. However, limited research has focused on engineering such biomimetics to endow them with unique properties and functions, in particular, those essential for a "smart" drug delivery system, such as a tumor microenvironment (TME)-activated multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform. RESULTS Herein, we utilized an integrated hybrid nanovesicle composed of cancer cell membranes (Cm) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9)-switchable peptide-based charge-reversal liposome membranes (Lipm) to coat lipoic acid-modified polypeptides (LC) co-loaded with phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) siRNA (siPGAM1) and DTX. The nanovesicle presented a negatively charged coating (citraconic anhydride-grafted poly-L-lysine, PC) in the middle layer for pH-triggered charge conversion functionalization. The established chemotherapeutic drug (DTX) co-delivery system CLip-PC@CO-LC nanoparticles (NPs) have a particle size of ~ 193 nm and present the same surface proteins as the Cm. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry results indicated a greater uptake of MMP-9-treated CLip-PC@CO-LC NPs compared with that of the CLip-PC@CO-LC NPs without MMP-9 pretreatment. The exposure to MMP-9 activated positively charged cell-penetrating peptides on the surface of the hybrid nanovesicles. Moreover, pH triggered membrane disruption, and redox triggered DTX and siRNA release, leading to highly potent target-gene silencing in glycolysis and chemotherapy with enhanced antiproliferation ability. The biodistribution results demonstrated that the CLip-PC@LC-DiR NPs accumulated in the tumor owing to a combination of long blood retention time, homologous targeting ability, and TME-activated characteristics. The CLip-PC@CO-LC NPs led to more effective tumor growth inhibition than the DTX and free siPGAM1 formulations. CONCLUSIONS TME-activated cancer cell membrane-liposome integrated hybrid NPs provide an encouraging nanoplatform that combines RNAi with chemotherapy for precise treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunai Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Inhibition of USP28 overcomes Cisplatin-resistance of squamous tumors by suppression of the Fanconi anemia pathway. Cell Death Differ 2021; 29:568-584. [PMID: 34611298 PMCID: PMC8901929 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) frequently have an exceptionally high mutational burden. As consequence, they rapidly develop resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and overall survival is limited. Novel therapeutic strategies are therefore urgently required. SCC express ∆Np63, which regulates the Fanconi Anemia (FA) DNA-damage response in cancer cells, thereby contributing to chemotherapy-resistance. Here we report that the deubiquitylase USP28 is recruited to sites of DNA damage in cisplatin-treated cells. ATR phosphorylates USP28 and increases its enzymatic activity. This phosphorylation event is required to positively regulate the DNA damage repair in SCC by stabilizing ∆Np63. Knock-down or inhibition of USP28 by a specific inhibitor weakens the ability of SCC to cope with DNA damage during platin-based chemotherapy. Hence, our study presents a novel mechanism by which ∆Np63 expressing SCC can be targeted to overcome chemotherapy resistance. Limited treatment options and low response rates to chemotherapy are particularly common in patients with squamous cancer. The SCC specific transcription factor ∆Np63 enhances the expression of Fanconi Anemia genes, thereby contributing to recombinational DNA repair and Cisplatin resistance. Targeting the USP28-∆Np63 axis in SCC tones down this DNA damage response pathways, thereby sensitizing SCC cells to cisplatin treatment.
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Prognostic Factors of Second-line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study. Am J Clin Oncol 2021; 44:356-360. [PMID: 34014843 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death receptor-1 and its ligand have achieved impressive success in treating patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failed first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, knowledge on clinical biomarkers that could help select patients who will respond well to second-line ICI therapy is limited. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records of patients with NSCLC treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and subsequent second-line ICI were collected from 6 medical centers between January 2018 and June 2020. Clinical information, pathologic variables, and radiologic findings of the data collected were reviewed. The patients were followed up until the date of the last visit, the death of any cause, or the end of data recording (December 31, 2020). RESULTS A total of 181 patients with NSCLC were treated with second-line ICI following first-line platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. The median progression-free survival was 2.0 months (interquartile range, 1.0 to 5.5 mo), and the median overall survival was 12.0 months (interquartile range, 6.0 to 20.0 mo). Low body mass index (BMI) was independently associated with progression-free survival (odds ratio [OR], 0.826; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.723-0.945; P=0.005). Similarly, a low BMI (OR, 0.839; 95% CI, 0.740-0.952; P=0.005) and a high number of metastatic organs (OR, 1.682; 95% CI, 1.156-2.448; P=0.007) were independently associated with the overall survival after second-line ICI therapy. CONCLUSION BMI and the number of metastatic sites were significantly associated with second-line ICI therapy outcomes in patients with NSCLC receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
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25
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Mao K, Zhang W, Yu L, Yu Y, Liu H, Zhang X. Transferrin-Decorated Protein-Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticle Efficiently Delivers Cisplatin and Docetaxel for Targeted Lung Cancer Treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:3475-3486. [PMID: 34413632 PMCID: PMC8369919 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s296253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy faces the barriers including drug resistance. A transferrin-functionalized protein-lipid hybrid nanoparticle (PLHN) was designed loading both cisplatin (CIS) and docetaxel (DTX) for the lung cancer treatment. METHODS CIS and DTX were loaded into the hybrid nanoparticle and then decorated with transferrin (Tf). The Tf-functionalized protein-lipid hybrid nanoparticle (Tf-CIS/DTX-PLHN) was investigated by determining the release behavior, cytotoxicity in vitro, and anticancer efficiency in vivo. RESULTS Tf-CIS/DTX-PLHN showed a nano-size of 189.5 ± 5.9 nm, and a surface tested to be -16.9 ± 2.1 mV. Tf-CIS/DTX-PLHN exhibited obviously better antitumor ability in vitro and in vivo compared with the non Tf contained CIS and DTX co-loaded lipid nanoparticles (CIS/DTX-LN), single drug loaded nanoparticles, and free drugs. CONCLUSION Since remarkable enhanced efficiency of Tf and synergistic effect of the drugs, it could inhibit the lung tumor growth and help with the lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Mao
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Department of Plastic surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Cancer Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, People’s Republic of China
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Ngema LM, Adeyemi SA, Marimuthu T, Choonara YE. A review on engineered magnetic nanoparticles in Non-Small-Cell lung carcinoma targeted therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120870. [PMID: 34245844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are growing appeals forthe design of efficacious treatment options for non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) as it accrues to ~ 85% cases of lung cancer. Although platinum-based doublet chemotherapy has been the main therapeutic intervention in NSCLC management, this leads to myriad of problems including intolerability to the doublet regimens and detrimental side effects due to high doses. A new approach is therefore needed and warrants the design of targeted drug delivery systems that can halt tumor proliferation and metastasis by targeting key molecules, while exhibiting minimal side effects and toxicity. This review aims to explore the rational design of magnetic nanoparticles for the development of tumor-targeting systems for NSCLC. In the review, we explore the anticancer merits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and provide a concise incursion into its application for the invention of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in the targeted treatment of NSCLC. Recent nanoparticle-based targeted chemotherapies for targeting angiogenesis biomarkers in NSCLC will also be reviewed to further highlight versatility of magnetic nanoparticles. These developments through molecular tuning at the nanoscale and supported by comprehensive pre-clinical studies could lead to the establishment of precise nanosystems for tumor-homing cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle M Ngema
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Samson A Adeyemi
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Thashree Marimuthu
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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He J, Zhang W, Li F, Yu Y. Development of metastasis-associated seven gene signature for predicting lung adenocarcinoma prognosis using single-cell RNA sequencing data. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:5959-5977. [PMID: 34517518 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)-related death. This study evaluated the metastasis-associated genes (MAGs) in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from LUAD tissues and developed a MAG signature to predict overall survival (OS) of LUAD patients. The LUAD scRNA-seq data was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database and MAGs were identified from LUAD scRNA-seq data. The LUAD transcriptomic and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed MAGs (DEMAGs) with prognostic value that were then used to construct a MAG signature and MAG-nomogram model. Finally, a functional enrichment analysis was performed via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). 414 MAGs and 22 prognostic DEMAGs were revealed in the study. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was utilized to construct a 7-MAG signature for predicting the OS of LUAD patients. Patients with high risk scores had a significantly worse OS than those with low risk scores in the training group (n = 236), and the 7-MAG signature was successfully confirmed in the testing group (n = 232) and the entire TCGA-LUAD cohort (n = 468). Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox regression suggested that the 7-MAG signature was an independent prognostic indicator. Additionally, based on the 7-MAG signature, a nomogram was established that could more intuitively help to predict the OS of LUAD patients. The GSEA revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms of the 7-MAG signature in LUAD metastasis. In conclusion, a 7-MAG signature was developed based on LUAD scRNA-seq data that could effectively predict LUAD patient prognosis and provide novel insights for therapeutic targets and the potential molecular mechanism of metastatic LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Faxiang Li
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
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Zhang D, Tailor T, Kim C, Atkins M, Braithwaite D, Akinyemiju T. Immunotherapy Utilization Among Patients With Metastatic NSCLC: Impact of Comorbidities. J Immunother 2021; 44:198-203. [PMID: 33758148 PMCID: PMC10294120 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), the extent to which immunotherapy utilization rate varies by comorbidities is unclear. Using the National Cancer Database from 2015 to 2016, we assessed the association between levels of comorbidity and immunotherapy utilization among mNSCLC patients. Burden of comorbidities was ascertained based on the modified Charlson-Deyo score and categorized as an ordinal variable (0, 1, and ≥2). Immunotherapy utilization was determined based on registry data. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the comorbidity score while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, histopathologic subtype, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, insurance, facility type, and other cancer history. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age and race/ethnicity. Overall, of the 89,030 patients with mNSCLC, 38.6% (N=34,382) had the comorbidity score of ≥1. Most patients were non-Hispanic white (82.3%, N=73,309) and aged 65 years and above (63.2%, N=56,300), with the mean age of 68.4 years (SD=10.6). Only 7.0% (N=6220) of patients received immunotherapy during 2015-2106. Patients with a comorbidity score of ≥2 had a significantly lower rate of immunotherapy utilization versus those without comorbidities (aOR=0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.93; P-trend<0.01). In subgroup analysis by age, association patterns were similar among patients younger than 65 and those aged 65-74 years. There were no significant differences in subgroup analysis by race/ethnicity, although statistical significance was only observed for white patients (comorbidity score ≥2 vs. 0: aOR=0.85; 95% CI, 0.77-0.93; P-trend<0.01). In conclusion, mNSCLC patients with a high burden of comorbidities are less likely to receive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL
| | - Tina Tailor
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Chul Kim
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Michael Atkins
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL
| | - Tomi Akinyemiju
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Drug-Like Small Molecule HSP27 Functional Inhibitor Sensitizes Lung Cancer Cells to Gefitinib or Cisplatin by Inducing Altered Cross-Linked Hsp27 Dimers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050630. [PMID: 33925114 PMCID: PMC8145107 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and cancer aggressiveness, metastasis, drug resistance, and poor patient outcomes in various cancer types including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were reported, and inhibition of HSP27 expression is suggested to be a possible strategy for cancer therapy. Unlike HSP90 or HSP70, HSP27 does not have an ATP-binding pocket, and no effective HSP27 inhibitors have been identified. Previously, NSCLC cancer cells were sensitized to radiation and chemotherapy when co-treated with small molecule HSP27 functional inhibitors such as zerumbone (ZER), SW15, and J2 that can induce abnormal cross-linked HSP27 dimer. In this study, cancer inhibition effects of NA49, a chromenone compound with better solubility, longer circulation time, and less toxicity than J2, were examined in combination with anticancer drugs such as cisplatin and gefitinib in NSCLC cell lines. When the cytotoxic drug cisplatin was treated in combination with NA49 in epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) WT cell lines, sensitization was induced in an HSP27 expression-dependent manner. With gefitinib treatment, NA49 showed increased combination effects in both EGFR WT and Mut cell lines, also with HSP27 expression-dependent patterns. Moreover, NA49 induced sensitization in EGFR Mut cells with a secondary mutation of T790M when combined with gefitinib. Augmented tumor growth inhibition was shown with the combination of cisplatin or gefitinib and NA49 in nude mouse xenograft models. These results suggest the combination of HSP27 inhibitor NA49 and anticancer agents as a candidate for overcoming HSP27-mediated drug resistance in NSCLC patients.
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He C, Li Y, Zhang R, Chen J, Feng X, Duan Y. Low CFB expression is independently associated with poor overall and disease-free survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:478. [PMID: 33968194 PMCID: PMC8100962 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement factor B (CFB) serves a pivotal role in the alternative signaling pathway of the complement system and exerts a key role in the labelling of target particles, resulting from effective clearance of the target. The present study aimed to investigate the association between low expression levels of CFB and the clinical features and survival status of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Patient data were based on RNA-sequencing and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. All patients were divided into two groups based on the median expression of CFB. Kaplan-Meier curve and univariate Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the association between CFB and survival status. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to examine the effects of CFB expression on signaling pathway impairment. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to verify the relative expression levels of CFB in LUAD tissues. The data revealed that residual tumor classification, Karnofsky performance score and cancer stage were associated with overall survival, and that Karnofsky performance score and stage were associated with disease-free survival. The results demonstrated that high expression levels of CFB were associated with increased patient overall and disease-free survival according to both continuous and categorical models. The results of multivariate analysis identified that high expression levels of CFB were associated with increased overall and disease-free survival according to both the continuous model [hazard ratio (HR), 0.48; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.25–0.93; P=0.029 for overall survival; HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.15–0.59; P=0.001 for disease-free survival] and the categorical model (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22–0.93; P=0.031 for overall survival; HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.12–0.55; P=0.001 for disease-free survival) after adjusting for corresponding covariates (residual tumour classification, Karnofsky performance score and stage). Furthermore, the results of both RT-qPCR and western blotting indicated that the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of CFB in lung tumor tissues were downregulated compared with those in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Collectively, the present results suggested that CFB expression was an independent predictor of overall and disease-free survival in patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglu He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Ya Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Ruixian Zhang
- Department of Environment-Related Health, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Yong Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:146-164. [PMID: 33608812 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which represents 80-85% of lung cancer cases, is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. The majority of patients undergo an intensive and invasive treatment regimen, which may include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these, depending on disease stage and performance status. Despite advances in therapeutic regimens, the 5-year survival of NSCLC is approximately 20-30%, largely due to diagnosis at advanced stages. Conventional chemotherapy is still the standard treatment option for patients with NSCLC, especially those with advanced disease. However, the emergence of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents (chemoresistance) poses a significant obstacle to the management of patients with NSCLC. Therefore, to develop efficacious chemotherapeutic approaches for NSCLC, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance. Several mechanisms are known to mediate chemoresistance. These include altered cellular targets for chemotherapy, decreased cellular drug concentrations, blockade of chemotherapy-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like phenotypes, deregulated expression of microRNAs, epigenetic modulation, and the interaction with tumor microenvironments. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance and tumor recurrence in NSCLC and discuss potential strategies to avoid or overcome chemoresistance.
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Controlling the Spatiotemporal Release of Combinatorial Anticancer Drugs from Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121156. [PMID: 33261219 PMCID: PMC7759840 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome cancer, various chemotherapeutic studies are in progress; among these, studies on nano-formulated combinatorial drugs (NFCDs) are being actively pursued. NFCDs function via a fusion technology that includes a drug delivery system using nanoparticles as a carrier and a combinatorial drug therapy using two or more drugs. It not only includes the advantages of these two technologies, such as ensuring stability of drugs, selectively transporting drugs to cancer cells, and synergistic effects of two or more drugs, but also has the additional benefit of enabling the spatiotemporal and controlled release of drugs. This spatial and temporal drug release from NFCDs depends on the application of nanotechnology and the composition of the combination drug. In this review, recent advances and challenges in the control of spatiotemporal drug release from NFCDs are provided. To this end, the types of combinatorial drug release for various NFCDs are classified in terms of time and space, and the detailed programming techniques used for this are described. In addition, the advantages of the time and space differences in drug release in terms of anticancer efficacy are introduced in depth.
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Zhang Y, Shan C, Chen Y, Sun S, Liu D, Zhang X, Zhang S. CircDENND2A Promotes Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Progression via Regulating MiR-34a/CCNE1 Signaling. Front Genet 2020; 11:987. [PMID: 33033491 PMCID: PMC7490337 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism regulating non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the roles of DENN domain containing 2A (circDENND2A) in the progression of NSCLC. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are composited by “head to tail” splicing of coding or non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), whose crucial roles in human cancers had been revealed. CircDENND2A, a new circRNA, was revealed to induce cell proliferation and migration. Our data indicated that circDENND2A was a probable oncogene in human cancers. However, the roles of circDENND2A in NSCLC remained unknown. Here, we demonstrated that circDENND2A was down-regulated in NSCLC samples. Loss-of-function assays showed circDENND2A knockdown suppressed cell growth via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis revealed that circDENND2A was involved in regulating cell cycle and tumor protein p53 (TP53) signaling via miR-34a/CCNE1 (cyclin E1). Further validation showed that circDENND2A could directly bind to miR-34a, promoting CCNE1 expression in NSCLC. In addition, rescue assays demonstrated that restoration of CCNE1 significantly impaired the suppressive effects of circDENND2A silencing in terms of NSCLC growth, migration, and invasion. We thought this study indicated that circDENND2A/miR-34a/CCNE1 may be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyou Shan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinxi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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BMI1-Mediated Pemetrexed Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Is Associated with Increased SP1 Activation and Cancer Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082069. [PMID: 32726929 PMCID: PMC7463866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the therapeutic strategies include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for around 85% of cases of lung cancers. Pemetrexed is an antifolate agent that is currently used as the second line chemotherapy drug in the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with a response rate of 20–40%. The search for any combination therapy to improve the efficacy of pemetrexed is required. The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is considered as the main reason for drug resistance of cancers. In this study, we first found that pemetrexed-resistant NSCLC cells derived from A549 cells displayed higher CSC activity in comparison to the parental cells. The expression of CSC related proteins, such as BMI1 or CD44, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature was elevated in pemetrexed-resistant NSCLC cells. We next discovered that the overexpression of BMI1 in A549 cells caused the pemetrexed resistance and inhibition of BMI1 by a small molecule inhibitor, PTC-209, or transducing of BMI1-specific shRNAs suppressed cell growth and the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in pemetrexed-resistant A549 cells. We further identified that BMI1 positively regulated SP1 expression and treatment of mithramycin A, a SP1 inhibitor, inhibited cell proliferation, as well as TS expression, of pemetrexed-resistant A549 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of BMI1 in A549 cells also caused the activation of EMT in and the enhancement of CSC activity. Finally, we demonstrated that pretreatment of PTC-209 in mice bearing pemetrexed-resistant A549 tumors sensitized them to pemetrexed treatment and the expression of Ki-67, BMI1, and SP1 expression in tumor tissues was observed to be reduced. In conclusion, BMI1 expression level mediates pemetrexed sensitivity of NSCLC cells and the inhibition of BMI1 will be an effective strategy in NSCLC patients when pemetrexed resistance has developed.
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Kooshkaki O, Derakhshani A, Hosseinkhani N, Torabi M, Safaei S, Brunetti O, Racanelli V, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. Combination of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Cancers: From Clinical Practice to Ongoing Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124427. [PMID: 32580338 PMCID: PMC7352976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are inhibitory checkpoints that are commonly seen on activated T cells and have been offered as promising targets for the treatment of cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)targeting PD-1, including pembrolizumab and nivolumab, and those targeting its ligand PD-L1, including avelumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab, and two drugs targeting CTLA-4, including ipilimumab and tremelimumab have been approved for the treatment of several cancers and many others are under investigating in advanced trial phases. ICIs increased antitumor T cells’ responses and showed a key role in reducing the acquired immune system tolerance which is overexpressed by cancer and tumor microenvironment. However, 50% of patients could not benefit from ICIs monotherapy. To overcome this, a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab is frequently investigated as an approach to improve oncological outcomes. Despite promising results for the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab, safety concerns slowed down the development of such strategies. Herein, we review data concerning the clinical activity and the adverse events of ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy, assessing ongoing clinical trials to identify clinical outlines that may support combination therapy as an effective treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is one of the first studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy in several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kooshkaki
- Student research committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Negar Hosseinkhani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran;
| | - Mitra Torabi
- Student research committee, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran;
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.)
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Huang Y, Bao T, Li Z, Ji G, Zhang L. Function of miR-200a in proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1256-1262. [PMID: 32724366 PMCID: PMC7377081 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer-associated cases of mortality in the USA and China. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80–85% of lung cancer cases. microRNAs (miRs) serve multiple roles in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The current study investigated the lower level of miR-200a in tumor tissues compared with healthy tissue. Overexpression of miR-200a inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. miR-200a was identified to target Rhophilin Rho GTPase binding protein 2 (RHPN2) and higher levels of RHPN2 were observed in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. The current study proposes that miR-200a exhibits a tumor suppressive role in NSCLC and suggests that miR-200a could target RHPN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ting Bao
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guiyi Ji
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Yu YY, Chiou HL, Tsao SM, Huang CC, Lin CY, Lee CY, Tsao TCY, Yang SF, Huang YW. Association of Carbonic Anhydrase 9 Polymorphism and the Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050266. [PMID: 32365566 PMCID: PMC7277165 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) plays a vital role in lung cancer progression. The current study explored the effect of CA9 gene polymorphisms and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations on the clinicopathological characters of lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, three loci of CA9 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2071676 A>G, rs3829078 A>G, and rs1048638 C>A) were genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination method in 193 EGFR wild type individuals and 281 EGFR mutation subjects. After adjusting for age, gender, and cigarette smoking status in logistic regression, all three CA9 SNPs illustrated a non-significant difference for the distribution between the EGFR wild type group and EGFR mutation group. Nevertheless, a significantly lower rate of CA9 SNP rs2071676 AG (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16-0.95, p = 0.039) and AG+GG (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.18-0.98, p = 0.046) were found in the male population with L858R EGFR mutation compared to men with EGFR wild type. In addition, the CA9 SNP rs2071676 AG+GG genotype were significantly correlated to the lower tumor stage of lung adenocarcinoma in the whole study population (p = 0.044) and EGFR wild type individuals (p = 0.033). For the male population, the presence of CA9 SNP rs2071676 AG+GG genotype was also correlated to a lower tumor stage (p = 0.037) and fewer lymph node invasion (p = 0.003) in those with EGFR wild type. In conclusion, the existence of CA9 SNP rs2071676 is associated with the rate of EGFR L858R mutation in males. Furthermore, the CA9 SNP rs2071676 is correlated to lower tumor stage and lower risk for developing lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, mainly in the EGFR wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yen Yu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changhua Hospital, Changhua 513, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Tsao
- Division of Chest, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-M.T.); (T.C.-Y.T.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Cheng Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 403, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yun Lin
- Department of Health, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Changhua Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Thomas Chang-Yao Tsao
- Division of Chest, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-M.T.); (T.C.-Y.T.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-W.H.)
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Health, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Changhua Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-W.H.)
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Park KR, Yun HM, Yoo K, Ham YW, Han SB, Hong JT. Chitinase 3 like 1 suppresses the stability and activity of p53 to promote lung tumorigenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:5. [PMID: 32127023 PMCID: PMC7055043 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chitinase 3 like 1 protein (Chi3L1) is expressed in several cancers, and a few evidences suggest that the secreted Chi3L1 contributes to tumor development. However, the molecular mechanisms of intracellular Chi3L1 are unknown in the lung tumor development. Methods: In the present study, we generated Chi3L1 knockout mice (Chi3L1KO(−/−)) using CRISPR/Cas9 system to investigate the role of Chi3L1 on lung tumorigenesis. Results We established lung metastasis induced by i.v. injections of B16F10 in Chi3L1KO(−/−). The lung tumor nodules were significantly reduced in Chi3L1KO(−/−) and protein levels of p53, p21, BAX, and cleaved-caspase 3 were significantly increased in Chi3L1KO(−/−), while protein levels of cyclin E1, CDK2, and phsphorylation of STAT3 were decreased in Chi3L1KO(−/−). Allograft mice inoculated with B16F10 also suppressed tumor growth and increased p53 and its target proteins including p21 and BAX. In addition, knockdown of Chi3L1 in lung cancer cells inhibited lung cancer cell growth and upregulated p53 expression with p21 and BAX, and a decrease in phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, we found that intracellular Chi3L1 physically interacted and colocalized with p53 to inhibit its protein stability and transcriptional activity for target genes related with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In lung tumor patient, we clinically found that Chi3L1 expression was upregulated with a decrease in p53 expression, as well as we validated that intracellular Chi3L1 was colocalized, reversely expressed, and physically interacted with p53, which results in suppression of the expression and function of p53 in lung tumor patient. Conclusions Our studies suggest that intracellular Chi3L1 plays a critical role in the lung tumorigenesis by regulating its novel target protein, p53 in both an in vitro and in vivo system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongwon Yoo
- KRIBB/Bio-venture Center 113 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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Crawford J, Denduluri N, Patt D, Jiao X, Morrow PK, Garcia J, Barron R, Lyman GH. Relative dose intensity of first-line chemotherapy and overall survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:925-932. [PMID: 31172284 PMCID: PMC6954126 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of chemotherapy dose intensity on survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are poorly understood. We retrospectively analyzed dose delays/reduction, relative dose intensity (RDI), and the association between chemotherapy intensity and survival in advanced NSCLC. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included adults with advanced lung cancer who received first-line myelosuppressive platinum-based chemotherapy (January 2007-December 2010) in ~ 230 US Oncology Network community practices. Dose delays ≥ 7 days, dose reductions ≥ 15%, and RDI relative to standard regimens were described. Overall survival (OS) was measured using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard (PH) models. RESULTS Among 3866 patients with advanced NSCLC, 32.4% experienced dose delays ≥ 7 days, 50.1% experienced dose reductions ≥ 15%, and 40.4% had RDI < 85%. Reduced RDI was also common regardless of baseline ECOG PS (ECOG PS ≥ 2, 56.2%; ECOG PS 0, 33.6%) and tumor subgroup (squamous cell carcinoma, 52.2%; adenocarcinoma, 36.0%). When stratified by chemotherapy intensity measures, significant OS differences were observed only for dose delays. Median (95% CI) OS was 1.02 years (0.96-1.12) for dose delays ≥ 7 days and 0.71 years (0.66-0.77) for dose delays < 7 days. In multivariable Cox PH analysis, dose delays ≥ 7 days (HR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.63-0.80) and RDI ≥ 85% (HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.05-1.32) were significantly associated with decreased mortality. CONCLUSIONS Dose delays, dose reductions, and reduced RDI were common, and dose delays ≥ 7 days and high RDI were significantly associated with decreased mortality. These results can help identify potential risk factors and characterize the effect of chemotherapy dose modification strategies on mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Crawford
- Duke University Medical Center, Trent Drive, Duke South, 25177 Morris Building, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Neelima Denduluri
- Virginia Cancer Specialists, US Oncology Network, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Debra Patt
- McKesson Specialty Health, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary H Lyman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Chen L, Kim JS, San Antonio B, Zhu YE, Mitchell L, John W. Safety outcomes in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line platinum-based regimens in the United States. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:4474-4483. [PMID: 31903235 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background We analyzed the treatment patterns and safety outcomes of the most common first-line platinum-based regimens initiated on or after non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis in a real-world setting. Methods Based on a United States oncology electronic medical record (EMR) database, patients treated with first-line platinum-based regimens after advanced NSCLC diagnosis from September 2008 to November 2014 were analyzed. Baseline characteristics and selected adverse events during treatment [incidence proportions and incidence rates (IRs)] were described by regimen. Propensity score stratification was used to adjust for baseline characteristics differences. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards model, with paclitaxel (Pac)/carboplatin (Carbo) as reference. Subgroup analysis was conducted for elderly patients (≥70 years old). Results The most common five regimens for the eligible patients were as follows: Pac/Carbo (n=3,009), pemetrexed (Pem)/Carbo (n=1,625), Pem/Carbo/bevacizumab (Bev) (n=735), Pac/Carbo/Bev (n=531), Pem/cisplatin (Cis) (n=357), and docetaxel (Doc)/Carbo (n=355). Highest IRs were reported for anemia, neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting across these regimens in patients of all ages. After propensity score stratification, compared with Pac/Carbo, risk of anemia was significantly lower with Pac/Carbo/Bev (HR =0.67), Pem/Cis (HR =0.68), and Pem/Carbo/Bev (HR =0.82); risk of neutropenia was comparable among all regimens except Doc/Carbo (significantly lower risk; HR =0.72); and risk of nausea (HR =1.45) and vomiting (HR =1.50) was significantly higher with Pem/Cis. Safety outcomes in elderly patients were consistent with the overall population. Conclusions While EMR data have limitations, the real-world safety outcome with individual chemotherapy regimen could be considered for the better selection of platinum-based therapies in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jong Seok Kim
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Yajun Emily Zhu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lucy Mitchell
- Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood, Windlesham, Surrey, UK
| | - William John
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Xin C, Chu L, Zhang L, Geng D, Wang Y, Sun D, Sui P, Zhao X, Gong Z, Sui M, Zhang W. Expression of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-Arachidonic Acid (AA)-Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Pathway Factors in Lung Cancer Patients and Its Implication in Lung Cancer Early Detection and Prognosis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5543-5551. [PMID: 31347609 PMCID: PMC6679621 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of cPLA2-AA-COX-2 pathway factors and their potential role in lung cancer early diagnosis and prognosis. Material/Methods We selected 80 lung cancer patients as the cancer group, and 30 normal patients were selected as the normal group. Serum contents of COX-2, cPLA2, COX-1, mPGES, PGE2, and PGI2 were measured, and mRNA levels of COX-2, cPLA2, COX-1, and mPGES in serum were determined. Spearman’s P-test was used to analyze the correlation between expression of PGI2 and mPGES in serum and the clinical characteristics of these lung cancer patients. The factors affecting the prognosis lung cancer were analyzed by COX regression model. Results The serum contents of COX-2, cPLA2, COX-1, mPGES, PGE2, and PGI2 in the cancer patient group were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the normal group; after treatment, the serum contents of these factors were significantly decreased (p<0.05). However, distant metastasis had a significant effect on serum contents of mPGES and PGI2 (p<0.05), but not on the other factors. The mRNA levels of COX-2, cPLA2, COX-1, and mPGES in cancer patients were significantly higher than in normal patients. In addition, the 5-year survival rate of patients with high expression of mPGES and/or PGI2 was lower than that of the low expression group. Cox regression analysis showed that the expression of mPGES and PGI2 had statistical significance in predicting the prognosis of lung cancer. Conclusions The cPLA2-AA-COX-2 pathway is closely associated with lung cancer. These findings are important for clinical diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Xin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Liyan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Liangming Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dongmei Geng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dengjun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaohua Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Minghua Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Akizuki R, Eguchi H, Endo S, Matsunaga T, Ikari A. ZO-2 Suppresses Cell Migration Mediated by a Reduction in Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 in Claudin-18-Expressing Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:247-254. [PMID: 30713254 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of the tight junctional components claudins (CLDNs) is observed in various malignant tissues. We reported recently that CLDN18 expression is down-regulated in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues. In the present study, we investigated the biological functions of CLDN18 using lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Microarray analysis showed that CLDN18 increases zonula occludens (ZO)-2 expression in A549 cells. The ectopic expression of CLDN18 increased nuclear ZO-2 levels, which were inhibited by N-[2-[[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propen-1-yl]amino]ethyl]5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-89), a nonspecific protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, but not by a PKA inhibitor 14-22 amide. In addition, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate, an analogue of PKA, did not increase ZO-2 levels. These results suggest that H-89 sensitive factors without PKA are involved in the CLDN18-induced elevation of ZO-2. The cell cycle was affected by neither ZO-2 knockdown in CLDN18-expresssing A549 (CLDN18/A549) cells nor ZO-2 overexpression in A549 cells, suggesting that ZO-2 does not play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. The introduction of ZO-2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) into CLDN18/A549 cells increased migration, the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and the reporter activity of an MMP2 promoter construct. Furthermore, H-89 enhanced both mRNA levels and reporter activity of MMP2 in CLDN18/A549 cells. These results suggested that a reduction in CLDN18-dependent ZO-2 expression enhances MMP2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells, resulting in the promotion of the cell migration. CLDN18 may be a novel marker for metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Akizuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences,Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hiroaki Eguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences,Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences,Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences,Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences,Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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Qian Y, Huang R, Li S, Xie R, Qian B, Zhang Z, Li L, Wang B, Tian C, Yang J, Xiang M. Ginsenoside Rh2 reverses cyclophosphamide‐induced immune deficiency by regulating fatty acid metabolism. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1089-1100. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0419-117r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Senlin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Bei Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Baotian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Cheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Suresh D, Zambre A, Mukherjee S, Ghoshdastidar S, Jiang Y, Joshi T, Upendran A, Kannan R. Silencing AXL by covalent siRNA-gelatin-antibody nanoconjugate inactivates mTOR/EMT pathway and stimulates p53 for TKI sensitization in NSCLC. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 20:102007. [PMID: 31085346 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality with the 5-year survival rate at a dismal 16% for the past 40 years. Drug resistance is a major obstacle to achieving long-term patient survival. Identifying and validating molecular biomarkers responsible for resistance and thereby adopting multi-directional therapy is necessary to improve the survival rate. Previous studies indicated ~20% of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistant NSCLC patients overexpress AXL with increase in EMT and decrease in p53 expression. To overcome the resistance, we designed gelatin nanoparticles covalently conjugated with EGFR targeting antibody and siRNA (GAbsiAXL). GAbsiAXL efficiently silences AXL, decreases mTOR and EMT signaling with concomitant increase in p53 expression. Because of the molecular changes, the AXL silencing sensitizes the cells to TKI. Our results show AXL overexpression has an important role in driving TKI resistance through close association with energy-dependent mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Suresh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ajit Zambre
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Soumavo Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Yuexu Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anandhi Upendran
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; MU-Institute of Clinical and Translational Science (MU-iCATS), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Raghuraman Kannan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Chen S, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Emodin enhances antitumor effect of paclitaxel on human non-small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1145-1153. [PMID: 31114158 PMCID: PMC6489594 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s196319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was known as the most malignant tumor. Paclitaxel (PTX) is the effective drug used for the treatment of NSCLC; however, it also exhibits severe side effects. Emodin could induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells and serve as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. However, the effects of combination of emodin with PTX on NSCLC remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of emodin in combination with PTX on A549 cells. Materials and methods: The effects of combination treatment on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of NSCLC cells were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometric and TUNEL assays, respectively. In addition, Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, active caspase 3, p-Akt and ERK in cells. Results: Combination of emodin with PTX synergistically inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in vitro. In addition, we found that emodin significantly enhanced PTX-induced apoptosis in A549 cells via increasing the expressions of Bax and active caspase 3 and decreasing the levels of Bcl-2, p-Akt and p-ERK. Moreover, emodin markedly enhanced antitumor effect of PTX on A549 xenograft without significant side effects in vivo. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that emodin could significantly enhance antitumor effect of PTX in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the combination of emodin with PTX may serve as a potential strategy for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuifang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
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Li P, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Zhou H, Sun B. Effects of 3-Tetrazolyl Methyl-3-Hydroxy-Oxindole Hybrid (THOH) on Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest Occurs by Targeting Platelet-Derived Growth Factor D (PDGF-D) and the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Human Lung Cell Lines SK-LU-1, A549, and A-427. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4547-4554. [PMID: 29961751 PMCID: PMC6058735 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3-tetrazolyl methyl-3-hydroxy-oxindole hybrid (THOH) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle in human lung cancer cell lines SK-LU-1, A549, and A-427, and the normal lung fibroblast cell line, MRC-5, in vitro. Material/Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma cells SK-LU-1, A549, and A-427, and the normal lung fibroblast cells, MRC-5 were cultured and treated with increasing concentrations of 10 mM of a stock solution of THOH in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). An MTT cell proliferation assay was used. Cell apoptosis and the cell cycle were studied using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACs) with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), Annexin-V, propidium iodide (PI), and nuclear staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). DNA damage was measured using the comet (single-cell gel electrophoresis) assay. Cell migration was evaluated using a wound healing assay, and Western blotting was used to measure protein expression levels. Results Treatment of SK-LU-1 cells with THOH inhibited cell migration. Treatment of lung cancer cells, SK-LU-1, A549, and A-427, with THOH inhibited cell proliferation, with the most marked inhibition found in the SK-LU-1 lung cancer cells (IC50, 12 μM). Treatment of lung cancer cells, SK-LU-1, A549, and A-427, with THOH increased cell apoptosis, resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest, and inhibited both the platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-D) and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Conclusions Treatment of adenocarcinoma cells, SK-LU-1, A549, and A-427, with THOH inhibited cell proliferation, apoptosis, and resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest by targeting PDGF-D and the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Peoples' Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Hongling Zhou
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Respiration Medicine, The People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
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Eser PÖ, Jänne PA. TGFβ pathway inhibition in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 184:112-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Lee YH, Liao YC, Shun SC, Lin KC, Liao WY, Chang PH, Jhang SY, Yu CJ, Yang PC, Hsieh PY, Lai YH. Trajectories of caregiver burden and related factors in family caregivers of patients with lung cancer. Psychooncology 2018; 27:1493-1500. [PMID: 29476636 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) identify the changes of 5 domains of family caregiver (FC) burden, overall burden, and its subtrajectories when caring for newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer patients during the first 6 months following cancer diagnosis; and (2) identify the FC-related and patient-related factors most associated with the overall FC burden and each of its subtrajectories. METHODS A total of 150 newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer patient-FC dyads were recruited from a Taiwanese medical center. The overall FC burden was evaluated 4 times: before treatment, and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. The potential subtrajectory of the caregiver burden was investigated by latent class growth analysis. The FC-related and patient-related factors having the greatest effect on the overall FC burden and its subtrajectories over time were identified by generalized estimating equations. RESULTS The highest level of burden domain was "Impact on daily schedule" over time. Generally, most of the FC reported a moderate level of overall burden over the investigation period. Three subtrajectories of the overall FC burden over time (% caregivers) were identified: high burden (34.7%), moderate burden (56.0%), and low burden (9.3%), respectively. The self-efficacy of FC was the strongest factor related to the changes of the FC's burden and burden in each subtrajectory. CONCLUSION The results support the existing and different types of subtrajectories of the FC's burden. Health care professionals should provide care based on those differences. Further research to test interventions which integrate those important factors related to FC's burden, particularly FC's self-efficacy, is strongly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsiang Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Liao
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Ching Shun
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chia Lin
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hua Chang
- Department of Nursing, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yuan Jhang
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeur-Hur Lai
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang C, Leng W, Sun C, Lu T, Chen Z, Men X, Wang Y, Wang G, Zhen B, Qin J. Urine Proteome Profiling Predicts Lung Cancer from Control Cases and Other Tumors. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:120-128. [PMID: 29576497 PMCID: PMC5952250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of noninvasive, reliable biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis has many clinical benefits knowing that most of lung cancer patients are diagnosed at the late stage. For this purpose, we conducted proteomic analyses of 231 human urine samples in healthy individuals (n = 33), benign pulmonary diseases (n = 40), lung cancer (n = 33), bladder cancer (n = 17), cervical cancer (n = 25), colorectal cancer (n = 22), esophageal cancer (n = 14), and gastric cancer (n = 47) patients collected from multiple medical centers. By random forest modeling, we nominated a list of urine proteins that could separate lung cancers from other cases. With a feature selection algorithm, we selected a panel of five urinary biomarkers (FTL: Ferritin light chain; MAPK1IP1L: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Interacting Protein 1 Like; FGB: Fibrinogen Beta Chain; RAB33B: RAB33B, Member RAS Oncogene Family; RAB15: RAB15, Member RAS Oncogene Family) and established a combinatorial model that can correctly classify the majority of lung cancer cases both in the training set (n = 46) and the test sets (n = 14–47 per set) with an AUC ranging from 0.8747 to 0.9853. A combination of five urinary biomarkers not only discriminates lung cancer patients from control groups but also differentiates lung cancer from other common tumors. The biomarker panel and the predictive model, when validated by more samples in a multi-center setting, may be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool along with imaging technology for lung cancer detection. A case-control study of biomarker discovery for lung cancer diagnosis was conducted. Human urine profiles in control cases and cancers were characterized. A list of candidate biomarkers was nominated and evaluated. A panel of urinary biomarkers was established and tumor-specificity was evaluated.
Cancer diagnosis with a noninvasive method at the early stage of the disease is highly desirable. Here, we analyzed hundreds of human urine samples from healthy individuals, patients with benign pulmonary diseases, and 6 types of cancers by proteomics and developed a panel of five urinary proteins that can separate the lung cancer from benign pulmonary diseases as well as the other 5 cancers (bladder, cervical, colorectal, esophageal and gastric) with a good sensitivity and disease specificity. Further validation experiments with expanded sample numbers are required to investigate whether this method can be applied in a clinical setting for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Zhang
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenchuan Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Tianyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhengang Chen
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Xuebo Men
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China; Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China.
| | - Bei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China; Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Dai P, Li J, Ma XP, Huang J, Meng JJ, Gong P. Efficacy and safety of COX-2 inhibitors for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:721-730. [PMID: 29440919 PMCID: PMC5804138 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s148670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors is now mired in controversy. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety profile of COX-2 inhibitors in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and methods A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov, up until March 26, 2017, identified relevant randomized controlled trials. Data analysis was performed using Stata 12.0. Results Six eligible trials (1,794 patients) were selected from the 407 studies that were identified initially. A significant difference, favoring COX-2 inhibitors plus chemotherapy over chemotherapy alone, was observed in the overall response rate (relative risk [RR] =1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.48). Further, we conducted two subgroup analyses according to the type of COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib, rofecoxib, or apricoxib) and treatment line (first or second chemotherapy). The first-line treatment includes: NP (changchun red bean + cisplatin or carboplatin), GP (double fluorine cytidine + cisplatin or carboplatin), or TP (paclitaxel + cisplatin or carboplatin, docetaxel + cisplatin or carboplatin). The second-line treatment includes two internationally recognized compounds, one is docetaxel and the other is the pemetrexed, both of which are individually selected. In subgroup analysis, significantly increased overall response rate (ORR) results were found for rofecoxib plus chemotherapy (RR =1.56, 95% CI: 1.08-2.25) and COX-2 inhibitor given with first-line chemotherapy (RR =1.27, 95% CI: 1.07-1.50). However, there was no difference between COX-2 inhibitors plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] =1.04, 95% CI: 0.91-1.18), progression-free survival (HR =0.97, 95% CI: 0.86-1.10), and 1-year survival rate (RR =1.03, 95% CI: 0.89-1.20). Toxicity did not differ significantly between COX-2 inhibitors plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone with the exception of leukopenia (RR =1.21, 95% CI: 1.03-1.42), thrombocytopenia (RR =1.32, 95% CI: 1.04-1.67), and cardiovascular events (RR =2.39, 95% CI: 1.06-5.42). The results of the Egger's test indicated no significant difference in primary outcomes. Conclusion COX-2 inhibitors improved ORR of advanced NSCLC with chemotherapy, but had no effect on survival indices. Moreover, COX-2 inhibitors may lead to higher rates of hematologic toxicities and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Meng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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