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Bolin K, Imgenberg-Kreuz J, Leonard D, Sandling JK, Alexsson A, Pucholt P, Haarhaus ML, Almlöf JC, Nititham J, Jönsen A, Sjöwall C, Bengtsson AA, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Svenungsson E, Gunnarsson I, Syvänen AC, Lerang K, Troldborg A, Voss A, Molberg Ø, Jacobsen S, Criswell L, Rönnblom L, Nordmark G. Variants in BANK1 are associated with lupus nephritis of European ancestry. Genes Immun 2021; 22:194-202. [PMID: 34127828 PMCID: PMC8277572 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The genetic background of lupus nephritis (LN) has not been completely elucidated. We performed a case-only study of 2886 SLE patients, including 947 (33%) with LN. Renal biopsies were available from 396 patients. The discovery cohort (Sweden, n = 1091) and replication cohort 1 (US, n = 962) were genotyped on the Immunochip and replication cohort 2 (Denmark/Norway, n = 833) on a custom array. Patients with LN, proliferative nephritis, or LN with end-stage renal disease were compared with SLE without nephritis. Six loci were associated with LN (p < 1 × 10−4, NFKBIA, CACNA1S, ITGA1, BANK1, OR2Y, and ACER3) in the discovery cohort. Variants in BANK1 showed the strongest association with LN in replication cohort 1 (p = 9.5 × 10−4) and proliferative nephritis in a meta-analysis of discovery and replication cohort 1. There was a weak association between BANK1 and LN in replication cohort 2 (p = 0.052), and in the meta-analysis of all three cohorts the association was strengthened (p = 2.2 × 10−7). DNA methylation data in 180 LN patients demonstrated methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) effects between a CpG site and BANK1 variants. To conclude, we describe genetic variations in BANK1 associated with LN and evidence for genetic regulation of DNA methylation within the BANK1 locus. This indicates a role for BANK1 in LN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bolin
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juliana Imgenberg-Kreuz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Leonard
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna K Sandling
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrei Alexsson
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pascal Pucholt
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malena Loberg Haarhaus
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Carlsson Almlöf
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joanne Nititham
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Jönsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karoline Lerang
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Troldborg
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Voss
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lindsey Criswell
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Song RH, Liu XR, Gao CQ, Du P, Zhang JA. METTL3 gene polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrine 2021; 72:495-504. [PMID: 33025559 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a classic autoimmune disorder that mainly includes Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). In this study, we explored the potential relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) gene and the development of AITD. METHODS The distribution of METTL3 genotypes at seven loci (rs1139130, rs1263790, rs1263791, rs17197156, rs2242526, rs3752411, and rs4417466) in 960 AITD (599 GD and 361 HT) patients and 732 unrelated healthy volunteers was examined using high-throughput sequencing technology in a case-controlled manner and their correlations with AITD development were statistically analyzed. RESULTS METTL3 genotypes at these seven SNPs were not correlated with both GD and HT except a borderline association between rs3752411and GD after adjusted for age, sex, and thyroid function under the recessive model. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the minor allele frequencies of rs2242526 and rs4417466 were higher in male AITD patients than in healthy volunteers before adjusted for confounding factors and the genotype distribution of rs4417466 was significantly different between the two groups. Additionally, the genotype frequencies of rs1139130, rs1263791, rs2242526, and rs4417466 were positively related with GD in male patients. Likewise, the allele distribution of rs1263791, rs2242526, and rs4417466 in male GD patients differed significantly from that in male controls. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association between allele frequencies of these three loci and GD in male patients after adjusted for the confounding factors. Moreover, the genotype of rs3752411 was strongly associated with GD in females as well. Furthermore, distribution of rs3752411 genotype was significantly associated with hypothyroidism in HT patients. CONCLUSION Our study for the first time revealed a strong correlation between METTL3 mutations and AITD predisposition, implying that METTL3 may be a new candidate gene for AITD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Song
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xue-Rong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Chao-Qun Gao
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Le Berre L, Chesneau M, Danger R, Dubois F, Chaussabel D, Garand M, Brouard S. Connection of BANK1, Tolerance, Regulatory B cells, and Apoptosis: Perspectives of a Reductionist Investigation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:589786. [PMID: 33815360 PMCID: PMC8015775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.589786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BANK1 transcript is upregulated in whole blood after kidney transplantation in tolerant patients. In comparison to patients with rejection, tolerant patients display higher level of regulatory B cells (Bregs) expressing granzyme B (GZMB+) that have the capability to prevent effector T cells proliferation. However, BANK1 was found to be decreased in these GZMB+ Bregs. In this article, we investigated seven different transcriptomic studies and mined the literature in order to make link between BANK1, tolerance and Bregs. As for GZMB+ Bregs, we found that BANK1 was decreased in other subtypes of Bregs, including IL10+ and CD24hiCD38hi transitional regulatory B cells, along with BANK1 was down-regulated in activated/differentiated B cells, as in CD40-activated B cells, in leukemia and plasma cells. Following a reductionist approach, biological concepts were extracted from BANK1 literature and allowed us to infer association between BANK1 and immune signaling pathways, as STAT1, FcγRIIB, TNFAIP3, TRAF6, and TLR7. Based on B cell signaling literature and expression data, we proposed a role of BANK1 in B cells of tolerant patients that involved BCR, IP3R, and PLCG2, and a link with the apoptosis pathways. We confronted these data with our experiments on apoptosis in total B cells and Bregs, and this suggests different involvement for BANK1 in these two cells. Finally, we put in perspective our own data with other published data to hypothesize two different roles for BANK1 in B cells and in Bregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla Le Berre
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Mélanie Chesneau
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Danger
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Florian Dubois
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | | | - Mathieu Garand
- Systems Biology and Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sophie Brouard
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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Song RH, Li Q, Jia X, Yao QM, Wang B, Zhang JA. Polymorphisms of FAM167A-BLK Region Confer Risk of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:932-940. [PMID: 30351170 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-hua Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-ming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Few previous published papers reported copy number variations of genes could affect the predisposition of Graves' disease (GD). Herein, the aim of this study was to explore the association between copy number variations (CNV) profile and GD. METHODS The preliminary copy number microarray used to screen copy number variant genes was performed in 6 GD patients. Five CNV candidate genes (CFH, CFHR1, KIAA0125, UGT2B15, and UGT2B17) were then validated in an independent set of samples (50 GD patients and 50 matched healthy ones) by the Accucopy assay method. The CNV of the other 2 genes TRY6 and CCL3L1 was investigated in 144 GD patients and 144 healthy volunteers by the definitive genotyping technique using the Taqman quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (Taqman qPCR). TRY6 gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs13230029, was genotyped by the PCR-ligase detection reaction (LDR) in 675 GD patients and 898 healthy controls. RESULTS There were no correlation of the gene copy number (GCN) of CFH, CFHR1, KIAA0125, UGT2B15, and UGT2B17 with GD. In comparison with that of controls, the GCN distribution of TRY6 and CCL3L1 in GD patients did not show significantly differ (P > 0.05). Furthermore, TRY6-related polymorphism (rs13230029) showed no difference between GD patients and controls. No correlation was found between CNV or SNP genotype and clinical phenotypes. Generally, there were no link of the copy numbers of several genes, including CFH, CFHR1, KIAA0125, UGT2B15, UGT2B17, TRY6, and CCL3L1 to GD. CONCLUSION Our results clearly indicated that the copy number variations of multiple genes, namely CFH, CFHR1, KIAA0125, UGT2B15, UGT2B17, TRY6, and CCL3L1, were not associated with the development of GD.
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Wilbe M, Kozyrev SV, Farias FHG, Bremer HD, Hedlund A, Pielberg GR, Seppälä EH, Gustafson U, Lohi H, Carlborg Ö, Andersson G, Hansson-Hamlin H, Lindblad-Toh K. Multiple Changes of Gene Expression and Function Reveal Genomic and Phenotypic Complexity in SLE-like Disease. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005248. [PMID: 26057447 PMCID: PMC4461293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of clinical manifestations commonly observed in autoimmune disorders poses a major challenge to genetic studies of such diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects humans as well as other mammals, and is characterized by the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in patients’ sera and multiple disparate clinical features. Here we present evidence that particular sub-phenotypes of canine SLE-related disease, based on homogenous (ANAH) and speckled ANA (ANAS) staining pattern, and also steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) are associated with different but overlapping sets of genes. In addition to association to certain MHC alleles and haplotypes, we identified 11 genes (WFDC3, HOMER2, VRK1, PTPN3, WHAMM, BANK1, AP3B2, DAPP1, LAMTOR3, DDIT4L and PPP3CA) located on five chromosomes that contain multiple risk haplotypes correlated with gene expression and disease sub-phenotypes in an intricate manner. Intriguingly, the association of BANK1 with both human and canine SLE appears to lead to similar changes in gene expression levels in both species. Our results suggest that molecular definition may help unravel the mechanisms of different clinical features common between and specific to various autoimmune disease phenotypes in dogs and humans. Autoimmune disorders display complex phenotypes with clinically diverse manifestations, which together with complex genetic inheritance and environmental factors triggering the disease may complicate the diagnosis and investigation of the disease mechanism. The use of dog breeds may facilitate the analysis of genetic factors based on genetic homogeneity within a breed. We performed genetic analysis of two diseases common in dogs, immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) that are similar to human SLE and a group of vasulitides such as Kawasaki disease, Henoch-Schönlein purpura and Behçet’s disease, correspondingly. We identified eleven genes along with specific alleles and genotypes for the major histocompatibility complex II involved in susceptibility, and studied their expression. The genes shared between the two diseases may be involved in the common immune signaling pathways and hence account for the common clinical signs, whereas the phenotype-specific genes may be implicated in particular pathways active in certain tissues and organs, and thereby may be responsible for characteristic manifestations seen only in one of the diseases. Further, the similarity between human and dog SLE at the genetic and functional levels demonstrated by the association of the BANK1 gene in both species indicates the common cross-species mechanisms of autoimmunity and may help identification of novel disease genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wilbe
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergey V. Kozyrev
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabiana H. G. Farias
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna D. Bremer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Hedlund
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerli R. Pielberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eija H. Seppälä
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Gustafson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Örjan Carlborg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Computational Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helene Hansson-Hamlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (HHH); (KLT)
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HHH); (KLT)
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Song RH, Qin Q, Yan N, Muhali FS, Meng S, He ST, Zhang JA. Variants in IRAK1-MECP2 region confer susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:244-9. [PMID: 25458699 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate whether interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK1) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) are associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). We selected four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs3027898, rs1059703 in IRAK1 and rs2075596, rs2239464 in MECP2, for genotyping using PCR-based ligase detection reaction (LDR) method in 1042 AITDs patients and 897 controls. Minor alleles in the four SNPs were strongly associated with AITDs, and similar associations were found in Graves' disease (GD). In Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, a significantly increased risk of T allele in rs1059703 was found. There were obvious differences in allele and genotype distributions in female AITDs, GD and HT patients. Moreover, the haplotypes CCAA and ATGG were the associated variants for AITDs and GD. Besides, these two haplotypes showed similar associations with AITDs and GD in female patients. Our results firstly indicated that IRAK1 and MECP2 genes are crucial risk factors for AITDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-hua Song
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qiu Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ni Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Fatuma-said Muhali
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Shuang-tao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
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Muhali FS, Zhou-jiao Z, Wang Y, Wang Q, Shi XH, Jiang WJ, Xiao L, Li DF, He ST, Xu J, Zhang JA. Lack of association of IRF5 gene polymorphisms with autoimmune thyroid disease: a case-control study. IRF5 gene and AITD. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2014; 75:19-24. [PMID: 24582590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies support a link between autoimmunity and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene polymorphisms. We have taken the opportunity to examine association of the autoimmune disease risk gene, the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) to survey its susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease. "A total of 667 patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and 301 healthy controls were genotyped for rs10954213, rs2004640, rs3807306, rs752637 and rs7808907 of IRF5 gene polymorphisms". We further investigated the association between BANK1 gene and IRF5 gene in AITD patients. RESULTS For IRF5 gene, both in allele and genotype frequencies from both GD and HT patients were not significantly different from those of controls. Association between rs7808907C allele and Graves' disease showed trend towards significance (P=0.067). Haplotype results in IRF5 represented in the same block, without significant association. No significant association was found between all IRF5 SNPs and ophthalmopathy in Graves' patients. Additive interaction analysis revealed no interactions between IRF5 and BANK1 gene in AITD patients. CONCLUSION Our data fail to reveal IRF5 as a susceptibility gene to AITD and do not support additive effect of IRF5 to BANK1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatuma-Said Muhali
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, 710061 Xi'an, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhou-jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, 710061 Xi'an, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, 710061 Xi'an, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, 710061 Xi'an, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-hong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-juan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-tao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, 201508 Shanghai, China.
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