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Albano D, Messina C, Gitto S, Fusco S, Sconfienza LM, Bellelli A. US/CT fusion imaging and virtual navigation to guide lumbar intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy: a pilot study. J Ultrasound 2024; 27:291-296. [PMID: 38102520 PMCID: PMC11178682 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-023-00835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the feasibility of US/CT fusion imaging to guide lumbar intradiscal O2/O3 therapy to treat discogenic degenerative low back pain due to lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHODS We retrospectively included consecutive patients affected by low back pain and/or sciatica due to LDH resistant to conservative therapies, who underwent to lumbar intradiscal O2/O3 injection under CT/US fusion imaging guidance (Fusion Group) and standard CT guidance (Control Group). For each procedure, we collected procedure operative time, room utilization time, number of CT passes, complications, and O2/O3 intradiscal diffusion adequacy. Technical success was defined as the ability to complete the procedure as initially planned to reach the disc. Technical efficacy was based on O2/O3 intradiscal diffusion adequacy, as demonstrated by the last CT scan. RESULTS Six patients (4 males; mean age: 68 ± 15 years) were included in the Fusion group, six (4 males; mean age: 66 ± 12 years) in Control group. No complications were observed in both groups. In Fusion group we found significantly lower room utilization time (30 ± 6 min vs. 46 ± 10 min, p = 0.008), procedure operative time (14 ± 3 min vs. 24 ± 6 min, p = 0.008), and number of CT passes (2 [2,2] vs. 3 [3,3], p = 0.006) than in Control Group, respectively. Technical success and efficacy were 100% in both Groups. CONCLUSION CT/US fusion imaging seems to be a feasible and safe guidance for intradiscal O2/O3 injections, allowing decrease of procedure time and number of CT passes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Albano
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carmelo Messina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gitto
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Fusco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Sconfienza
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Bellelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli San Pietro, Rome, Italy
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Zhang X, Hong H, Liang D. The combined value of mpUS and mpMRI-TRUS fusion for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. Cancer Imaging 2022; 22:60. [PMID: 36258247 PMCID: PMC9580162 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the combined efficacy of multiparametric ultrasonography (mpUS) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound (mpMRI-TRUS) fusion for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Methods From November 2019 to September 2021, biopsy-naïve patients underwent mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging combined with mpUS-guided targeted biopsies (TB) and systematic biopsies (SB). To further evaluate the additional diagnostic value of mpUS, the imaging features of 202 focus obtained from fusion imaging were assessed. The diagnostic accuracies of mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging and the combination of mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging with mpUS for csPCa were comparatively evaluated. Results A total of 202 prostate lesions (160 patients) were included in the final analysis, of which 105 were csPCa, 16 were ciPCa, and 81 were noncancerous. The median patient age was 69 (65–73) years and the median tPSA was 22.07 (11.22–62.80) ng/mL. For csPCa, the detection rate of TB was higher than that of SB (50.0% vs. 45.5%, p < 0.05). The imaging characteristics of mpUS in the PCa and non-PCa groups were significantly different (p < 0.001). When compared with mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging, the positive predictive value, false positive rate, and area under the curve (AUC) of csPCa diagnosis by mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging combined with mpUS increased by 11.30%, decreased by 19.58%, and increased from 0.719 to 0.770 (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion TB can improve the detection rate of csPCa and hence can be effectively used in the diagnosis and risk assessment of csPCa. The mpUS-enriched valuable diagnostic information for mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging and their combination showed a higher diagnostic value for csPCa, which can guide subsequent clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, China.,Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010017, China.,Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Hua Hong
- Department of Ultrasound, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, China.
| | - Danyan Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, China.,Department of Statistics Section, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
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Mauri G, Gitto S, Pescatori LC, Albano D, Messina C, Sconfienza LM. Technical Feasibility of Electromagnetic US/CT Fusion Imaging and Virtual Navigation in the Guidance of Spine Biopsies. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2022; 43:387-392. [PMID: 32785900 DOI: 10.1055/a-1194-4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the technical feasibility of electromagnetic computed tomography (CT) + ultrasound fusion (US)-guided bone biopsy of spinal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 14 patients referred for biopsy of spinal bone lesions without cortical disruption or intervertebral disc infection. Lesions were located in the sacrum (n = 4), lumbar vertebral body (n = 7) or intervertebral disc (n = 3). Fusion technology matched a pre-procedure CT scan with real-time ultrasound. The first six procedures were performed under both standard CT and CT + US fusion guidance (group 1). In the last eight procedures, the needle was positioned under fusion imaging guidance alone, and CT was only used at the end of needle placement to confirm correct positioning (group 2). Additionally, we retrieved 8 patients (controls) with location-matched lesions as group 2, which were biopsied in the past with the standard CT-guided technique. The procedure duration and number of CT passes were recorded. RESULTS Mean procedure duration and median CT pass number were significantly higher in group 1 vs. group 2 (45 ± 5 vs. 26 ± 3 minutes, p = 0.002 and 7; 5.25-8.75 vs. 3; 3-3.25, p = 0.001). In controls, the mean procedure duration was 47 ± 4 minutes (p = 0.001 vs. group 2; p = 0.696 vs. group 1) and the number of CT passes was 6.5 (5-8) (p = 0.001 vs. group 2; p = 0.427 vs. group 1). No complications occurred and all specimens were adequate overall. In one case in group 2, the needle position was modified according to CT assessment before specimen withdrawal. CONCLUSION Electromagnetic CT+US fusion-guided bone biopsy of spinal lesions is feasible and safe. Compared to conventional CT guidance, it may reduce procedural time and the number of CT passes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mauri
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Milan, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Division of Interventional Radiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gitto
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Albano
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Unit of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Radiological Sciences, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmelo Messina
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Unit of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Sconfienza
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Unit of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Milan, Italy
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Liu Y, Zeng S, Xu R. Application of Multiple Ultrasonic Techniques in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905087. [PMID: 35832558 PMCID: PMC9271763 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa) are developing in the direction of imaging. Advanced ultrasound examination modes include micro-Doppler, computerized-transrectal ultrasound, elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and microultrasound. When two or more of these modes are used in PCa diagnosis, the combined technique is called multiparameter ultrasound (mp-US). Mp-US provides complementary information to multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for diagnosing PCa. At present, no study has attempted to combine the characteristics of different ultrasound modes with advanced classification systems similar to the PIRADS system in mpMRI for the diagnosis of PCa. As an imaging method, mp-US has great potential in the diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Xu,
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Liang Z, Hu R, Yang Y, An N, Duo X, Liu Z, Shi S, Liu X. Is dynamic contrast enhancement still necessary in multiparametric magnetic resonance for diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:553-573. [PMID: 32420161 PMCID: PMC7215029 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literatures assessing the value of dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) in the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods We searched Embase, PubMed and Web of science until January 2019 to extract articles exploring the possibilities whether the pre-biopsy biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) can replace the position of mpMRI in the diagnosis of PCa. The sensitivity and specificity of bpMRI were all included. The study quality was assessed by QUADAS-2. Bivariate random effects meta-analyses and a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic plot were performed for further study through Revman 5 and Stata12. Results After searching, we acquired 752 articles among which 45 studies with 5,217 participants were eligible for inclusion. The positive likelihood ratio for the detection of PCa was 2.40 (95% CI: 1.50–3.80) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.18–0.53). The sensitivity and specificity were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73–0.81) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76–0.85) respectively. Based on our result, pooled specificity demonstrated little difference between bpMRI and mpMRI [bpMRI, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.85); mpMRI, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72–0.88); P=0.169]. The sensitivity, however, indicated a significant difference between these two groups [bpMRI, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.73–0.81); mpMRI, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.78–0.89); P=0.001]. Conclusions bpMRI with high b-value is a sensitive tool for diagnosing PCa. Consistent results were found in multiple subgroup analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yongjiao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Neng An
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Xiaoxin Duo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Shangheng Shi
- Department of Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
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Chang Y, Yang J, Hong H, Ma H, Cui X, Chen L. The Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Combined with Real-Time Strain Elastography in the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Aging Dis 2018; 9:480-488. [PMID: 29896435 PMCID: PMC5988602 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the performance of a combination of real-time strain elastography (RTSE) and contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound (CETRUS) for prostate cancer detection. Patients with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of ≥4.0 ng/ml were prospectively enrolled between June 2014 and December 2016. 153 prostate nodules diagnosed by conventional ultrasound were prospectively enrolled and examined by CETRUS and RTSE before a biopsy. Multivariate logistic regression models were established for CETRUS, and CETRUS combined with RTSE to diagnose prostate malignancy. The diagnostic performances of CETRUS, RTSE, and their combined use were evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The multivariate logistic regression for CETRUS combined with RTSE showed that enhanced strength, enhanced uniformity, and elasticity scores were the independent predictors of prostate malignancy. The area under the ROC curve of CETRUS combined with RTSE (0.921±0.023) was higher than that of CETRUS and RTSE (0.88±0.029 and 0.80±0.038, respectively; both p<0.05). Moreover, the sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value of CETRUS combined with RTSE were 92.1%, 86.2%, and 84.6%, respectively. The omission diagnostic rate of CETRUS combined with RTSE (7.9%) was reduced. And the diagnostic accuracy of CETRUS combined with RTSE was significantly higher than that of CETRUS and RTSE (p<0.05). While the diagnostic accuracy of CETRUS was close to the RTSE, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The combined RTSE with CETRUS approach significantly improved the sensitivity and overall accuracy for correctly identifying prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chang
- 1Departments of Ultrasonography, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jingchun Yang
- 1Departments of Ultrasonography, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hua Hong
- 2Departments of Ultrasonography, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- 1Departments of Ultrasonography, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xin Cui
- 3Departments of Urology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Li Chen
- 4Departments of Pathology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Brock M, von Bodman C, Palisaar J, Becker W, Martin-Seidel P, Noldus J. Detecting Prostate Cancer. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 112:605-11. [PMID: 26396046 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When prostate cancer is suspected, the prostate gland is biopsied with the aid of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). The sensitivity of prostatic biopsy is about 50%. The fusion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with TRUS enables the targeted biopsy of suspicious areas. We studied whether this improves the detection of prostate cancer. METHODS 168 men with suspected prostate cancer underwent prostate MRI after a previous negative biopsy. Suspicious lesions were assessed with the classification of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System and biopsied in targeted fashion with the aid of fused MRI and TRUS. At the same sitting, a systematic biopsy with at least 12 biopsy cores was performed. RESULTS Prostate cancer was detected in 71 patients (42.3%; 95% CI, 35.05-49.82). The detection rate of fusion-assisted targeted biopsy was 19% (95% CI, 13.83-25.65), compared to 37.5% (95% CI, 30.54-45.02) with systematic biopsy. Clinically significant cancer was more commonly revealed by targeted biopsy (84.4%; 95% CI, 68.25-93.14) than by systematic biopsy (65.1%; 95% CI, 52.75-75.67). In 7 patients with normal MRI findings, cancer was detected by systematic biopsy alone. Compared to systematic biopsy, targeted biopsy had a higher overall detection rate (16.5% vs. 6.3%), a higher rate of infiltration per core (30% vs. 10%), and a higher rate of detection of poorly differentiated carcinoma (18.5% vs. 3%). Patients with negative biopsies did not undergo any further observation. CONCLUSION MRI/TRUS fusion-assisted targeted biopsy improves the detection rate of prostate cancer after a previous negative biopsy. Targeted biopsy is more likely to reveal clinically significant cancer than systematic biopsy; nevertheless, systematic biopsy should still be performed, even if the MRI findings are negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Brock
- Department of Urology, Marien-Hospital Herne, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Radiologische Gemeinschaftpraxis, Herne
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Is magnetic resonance/ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy better than systematic prostate biopsy? An updated meta- and trial sequential analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43571-80. [PMID: 26498362 PMCID: PMC4791251 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We systematically reviewed the literature to determine whether Magnetic Resonance/Ultrasound (MR/US) fusion prostate biopsy is better than systematic biopsy for making a definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer. The two strategies were also compared for their ability to detect lesions with different degrees of suspicion on MRI and clinically significant prostate cancer, and the number of cores needed for diagnosis. The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and Medline were searched from inception until May 1, 2015. Meta-analysis was conducted via RevMan 5.2 software. Data was expressed as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval. Trial sequential analysis was used to assess risk of random errors. Fourteen trials were included, encompassing a total of 3105 participants. We found that MR/US fusion biopsy detected more prostate cancers than systematic biopsy (46.9% vs. 44.2%, p=0.03). In men with moderate/high MRI suspicion, MR/US fusion biopsy did better than systematic biopsy (RR = 1.46; p < 0.05) for making a diagnosis. Moreover, MR/US fusion biopsy detected more clinically significant cancers than systematic biopsy (RR = 1.19; p < 0.05). We recommend that MR/US fusion prostate biopsy be used to better detect prostate cancer, particularly in patients with moderate/high suspicion lesions on MRI.
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Porres D, Kuru TH, Epplen R, Eck A, Zugor V, Kennes LN, Afram S, Braunschweig T, Knüchel-Clarke R, Pfister D, Heidenreich A. Sextant-Specific Analysis of Detection and Tumor Volume by HistoScanning™. Urol Int 2015; 96:194-201. [PMID: 26555799 DOI: 10.1159/000440814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Published results of HistoScanning™ (HS) for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics are inconsistent and their value remains unclear. We prospectively analyzed the detection rate and tumor volume concordance in PCa patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two hundred and eighty-two patients with biopsy-proven PCa scheduled for radical prostatectomy (RP) were included. All patients underwent ultrasonographical examination by HS prior to surgery. HS was evaluated compared to RP specimen as to (1) the prediction of overall tumor volume and (2) accuracy of HS in detection of PCa lesions larger than 0.2/0.5 ml, separated for each sextant. For each sextant, receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-analysis and area under the curve were determined. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and visualized in ROC-curves. RESULTS HS tends to underestimate volume of cancerous lesions, particularly larger lesions >8 ml. Using a 0.2 ml detection threshold, specificity and sensitivity of HS were between 29-68% and 46-78%. For a 0.5 ml detection threshold, sextant-specific specificity increased to 59-92% and sensitivity decreased to 16-54%. Stratification according to pre-operational PSA values did not improve performance characteristics of HS. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support a significant contribution of HS to PCa diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Porres
- Department of Urology, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
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Kuru TH, Fütterer JJ, Schiffmann J, Porres D, Salomon G, Rastinehad AR. Transrectal Ultrasound (US), Contrast-enhanced US, Real-time Elastography, HistoScanning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and MRI-US Fusion Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2015; 1:117-126. [PMID: 28723422 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Debates on overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer (PCa) are ongoing and there is still huge uncertainty regarding misclassification of prostate biopsy results. Several imaging techniques that have emerged in recent years could overcome over- and underdiagnosis in PCa. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-based techniques (contrast enhancement, HistoScanning, elastography) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques for a nonsystematic overview of their benefits and limitations. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive search of the PubMed database between August 2004 and August 2014 was performed. Studies assessing grayscale TRUS, contrast-enhanced (CE)-TRUS, elastography, HistoScanning, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), and MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy were included. Publications before 2004 were included if they reported the principle or the first clinical results for these techniques. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Grayscale TRUS alone cannot detect PCa foci (detection rate 23-29%). TRUS-based (elastography) and MRI-based techniques (MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy) have significantly improved PCa diagnostics, with sensitivity of 53-74% and specificity of 72-95%. HistoScanning does not provide convincing or homogeneous results (specificity 19-82%). CE-TRUS seems to be user dependent; it is used in a low number of high-volume centers and has wide ranges for sensitivity (54-79%) and specificity (42-95%). For all the techniques reviewed, prospective multicenter studies with consistent definitions are lacking. CONCLUSIONS Standard grayscale TRUS is unreliable for PCa detection. Among the techniques reviewed, mpMRI and MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy seem to be suitable for enhancing PCa diagnostics. Elastography shows promising results according to the literature. CE-TRUS yields very inhomogeneous results and might not be the ideal technique for clinical practice. The value of HistoScanning must be questioned according to the literature. PATIENT SUMMARY New imaging modalities such as elastography and magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsies have improved the detection of prostate cancer. This may lower the burden of overtreatment as a result of more precise diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur H Kuru
- Department of Urology, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jurgen J Fütterer
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Schiffmann
- Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Porres
- Department of Urology, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Salomon
- Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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